Samacheer kalvi syllabus for 10th science
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This document contains a table of contents for a science syllabus covering topics in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. The Biology section includes 7 chapters on topics like heredity, the immune system, human body systems, and plant and animal reproduction. The Chemistry section lists 5 chapters covering solutions, atoms, chemical reactions, the periodic table, and carbon compounds. Finally, the Physics section outlines 5 chapters on measuring instruments, motion, electricity, magnetism, and light. The syllabus also includes sections on the overall syllabus and practical experiments.
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This document provides a study package for 10th standard revised science curriculum in Karnataka, India. It includes unit-wise weightage of marks, model question blueprints, examples of different question types, selected questions and answers for each unit, diagrams for practice, formulas, and past year question papers with answers. The author aims to provide concise notes that will help students score well, as was proven in the 2016 annual exam where topics from this package covered 70-80 marks. Feedback is welcome to improve the package.
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4. heredity and evolution
Here is an analysis of variations in a red beetle population across three situations:
Situation 1 (Original population): The population consists of mostly red beetles, with a small percentage of black beetles. The red coloration provides better camouflage in their current environment.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Lewenstein et al. Phys Rev A 49 (3) 1994.
2. Salieres, Maquet, Haessler, Caillat, Taieb. Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012) 062401.
3. Li, Liu, Yang, Song, Zhao, Lu, Li, Xu. Opt. Ex. 21 (6) 2013. 7599.
4. Torres et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 203007.
5. Diveki et. al. J. Chem Phys. 414 (2013) 121.
6. Yip, Palacios, Rescigno, McCurdy, Martin. J. Chem Phys 414 (2013) 112.
7. Spanner, Patchkovskii. J. Chem. Phys. 414 (2013) 10.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Lewenstein et al. Phys Rev A 49 (3) 1994.
2. Salieres, Maquet, Haessler, Caillat, Taieb. Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012) 062401.
3. Li, Liu, Yang, Song, Zhao, Lu, Li, Xu. Opt. Ex. 21 (6) 2013. 7599.
4. Torres et al. Phys Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 203007.
5. Diveki et. al. J. Chem Phys. 414 (2013) 121.
6. Yip, Palacios, Rescigno, McCurdy, Martin. J. Chem Phys 414 (2013) 112.
7. Spanner, Patchkovskii. J. Chem. Phys. 414 (2013) 10.
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Life and most of chemistry occurs in ionic solutions, but ionic solutions have only recently been recognized as the complex fluids that they are. The molecular view shows ions interacting with surrounding water and nearby ions. Everything is correlated in a complex way because ions and water have diameters comparable to their interaction length. The molecular scale shows only a small part of the correlation enforced by electrodynamics. Current defined as Maxwell did to include the ethereal current is exactly conserved, and therefore correlated, over all scales reaching to macroscopic boundary conditions some 10^9× larger than atoms crucial in batteries and nerve cells.
Jinn Liang Liu and I have built a molecular field theory PNPB Poisson Nernst Planck Bikerman that deals with water as molecules and describes local interactions with a steric potential that depends on the volume fraction of molecules and voids between them. The correlations of electrodynamics are described by a fourth-order differential operator that gives (as outputs) ion-ion and ion-water correlations; the dielectric response (permittivity) of ionic solutions; and the polarization of water molecules, all using a single correlation length parameter. The theory fits experimental data on activity and differential capacitance in ionic solutions of varying composition and content, including mixtures. Potassium channels, Gramicidin, L-type calcium channels, and the Na/Ca transporter are computed in three dimensions from structures in the Protein Data Bank.
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Wide ranging concentrations of Ca^(2+) in (> 10M) and near (10^(-2) to 10^(-8)M) almost every protein in biological cells make matters worse.
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