The document discusses research on factors influencing child labor rates in India's hybrid cottonseed industry. It presents a theory that bureaucratic effectiveness in education delivery and social consensus around education affect parental motivation to send children to work versus school. Case studies of civil society organizations in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan show that groups creating social consensus through community mobilization on education were more successful in reducing child labor than those focusing only on removing children from work.
Dr Ellina Samantroy's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Nowreen Yasmin's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Kabir Uddin Ahmed's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Renu Singh's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Jyotsna Jha's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Sajeda Amin's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Davuluri Venkateswarlu's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Samir Ranjan Nath's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Dr Ellina Samantroy's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Nowreen Yasmin's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Kabir Uddin Ahmed's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Renu Singh's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Jyotsna Jha's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Sajeda Amin's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Davuluri Venkateswarlu's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Samir Ranjan Nath's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Zulfiqar Ali's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
The document discusses gaps in conceptualizing and measuring the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in Bangladesh. It finds:
1) National surveys have statistical blind spots due to narrow definitions of WFCL that exclude invisible/hidden sectors.
2) Labour laws focus on formal sectors but most child labour occurs informally.
3) Surveys inadequately capture physical/sexual abuse and harm.
It calls for an inclusive conceptual framework to comprehensively address WFCL through both quantitative and qualitative research, challenging barriers to data collection and revising policy/legal documents.
Renu Singh's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Dr Mudit Kapoor's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
The Effect of Parenting Style and Classroom Environment on the Mathematics Pe...ijtsrd
This paper aimed to investigate the relationship of parenting style and classroom environment on the mathematics performance of the students. The data was collected in 300 college students in Bukidnon State University. These students were already taken up Mathematics. The students were grouped by colleges and randomly selected. An adopted 5 point scale questionnaire was used in gathering information about the parenting style and attitude towards classroom environment. Their mathematics grade was also asked to measure their mathematics performance. It was found out that parents are dominantly using authoritative parenting they enforce rules but also welcome and open in the opinion and feelings of their children. However, in some situation they have to strictly imposed rules. Permissive parenting has no direct effect on math performance but has an indirect effect through authoritative parenting. Parents don’t just neglect their children and let them do whatever they want. Parents who are guiding their parents, implementing rules but giving them freedom to choose motivate the students to perform better in the class. Student raised by authoritative parents and taught with an effective teaching style motivate the student to participate in classroom activities, thus, improve his her academic performance. Lynn M. Remo "The Effect of Parenting Style and Classroom Environment on the Mathematics Performance of the College Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38095.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/38095/the-effect-of-parenting-style-and-classroom-environment-on-the-mathematics-performance-of-the-college-students/lynn-m-remo
Socio economic problems of child labor in rajshahi city corporation of bangla...Alexander Decker
This document discusses socio-economic problems of child labor in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. It notes that many families rely on children's income for survival, and employers prefer hiring children as they are cheaper. Child labor denies children their rights to education, leisure and exposes them to risks. The study interviewed 560 child laborers in Rajshahi and found long working hours and hazardous conditions negatively impact school attendance and child development. Poverty is a key driver of child labor in Bangladesh. The government has programs aiming to eliminate hazardous child labor and increase access to education, but enforcement remains a challenge.
New Microsoft Office PowerPoint Presentation (3)swadha rath
- The document provides statistics and analysis on child labor in Odisha, India from various surveys conducted between 1997-2012. It finds that the number of male child laborers consistently exceeds the number of females. The largest numbers are engaged in hazardous occupations like agriculture, bidi rolling, and food stalls.
- National and state-level programs aim to rehabilitate child laborers through special schools that provide education and vocational training. Over 100,000 children have been removed from labor and reintegrated into formal schooling through these efforts.
- While the number of child laborers is decreasing overall, continued efforts are needed to address the root causes of poverty, lack of access to education, social attitudes, and weak law
This document summarizes the major findings of a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. The study found that (1) most child laborers (60%) in the carpet industry were female, contrary to the belief that child labor is male-dominated, (2) over three-quarters of child laborers were illiterate or had not completed primary education, and (3) economic hardship and lack of access to education were the primary factors compelling children to work instead of attend school. The study also found that self-employed children outnumbered those employed by others, and girls were more likely to work at home compared to boys. Most child laborers came from nuclear families with eight or fewer family members.
This document discusses four potential interventions to address child marriage in Rajasthan:
1. Providing bicycles to secondary school girls which could avoid over 8,000 child marriages at a cost-benefit ratio of 2.8-6.6 depending on the discount rate.
2. Conditional cash transfers to secondary school girls which could avoid over 9,000 child marriages and have a cost-benefit ratio of 1.2-2.8 depending on the discount rate.
3. Constructing and maintaining girls' toilets in secondary schools which could avoid child marriages and have a cost-benefit ratio of 3.1-6.62 depending on the discount rate.
4. Vocational
1) The document reports on a study that examined the attitudes of prospective teachers toward the dowry system in India in relation to their gender and locality.
2) Key findings include that male prospective teachers had a more positive attitude toward dowry on average than female prospective teachers. Prospective teachers from rural areas also had a more positive attitude than those from urban areas.
3) Statistical analysis found significant differences in attitudes between males and females and between rural and urban prospective teachers, rejecting the null hypotheses of no difference.
IRJET- A Study on the Perception of Working Mother on Her Child’s Career Aspi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the influence of working mothers on their children's career aspirations in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study used questionnaires and statistical analysis tools to examine the relationship between a mother's occupation and her child's career choice. The results found that a mother's occupation has a significant influence on her child's career aspirations. The document provides context on women's participation in the workforce in India and defines key terms like work-life balance, career planning, and the role of parents' occupations in shaping children's career interests. It reviews previous related literature primarily from Western countries and notes a lack of studies from India specifically on the influence of working mothers.
Double for Nothing? Experimental Evidence on an Unconditional TeacherSalary I...Wildan Maulana
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of a large unconditional increase in teacher salaries in Indonesia. The study uses a randomized controlled trial across 360 schools to test the effects of accelerating access to a certification program that doubled teacher salaries. The findings show that the salary increase significantly improved teacher satisfaction and reduced financial stress, but had no meaningful impact on student learning outcomes after two or three years, despite being precisely estimated. The results suggest that unconditional pay increases alone may not improve productivity or effort among incumbent public sector employees.
A study of relationship between problems and empowermentpratyush227
This study examines the relationship between problems and empowerment of adolescent girls in Uttar Pradesh, India. It analyzes data from 150 girls across educational and health metrics. The key findings are:
1) There is a significant relationship between health problems and empowerment, with better health linked to higher empowerment.
2) There are no significant differences in empowerment, educational problems, or health problems between the cities studied.
3) Most girls have average or high empowerment levels, moderate educational problems, and moderate health problems.
The study concludes that improving education and health for girls can increase their empowerment and recommends related policy changes.
This document presents a theoretical framework to analyze child labour using an inter-temporal approach. It summarizes an existing model of child labour and adapts it to a two-period framework. The model shows that child labour is inversely related to the real interest rate - as the interest rate rises, households are induced to reduce their children's participation in work. A rise in the interest rate could occur due to macroeconomic policies like increased government expenditure, which would create a favorable demand shock and raise output and interest rates, leading households to supply less child labor.
This document summarizes a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. It finds that most child laborers were aged 11-14 years old and female child laborers outnumbered males. Economic hardship and lack of education among parents were the main reasons forcing children to leave school and work. The study also found an inverse relationship between a family's income and a child's contribution to that income. In other words, as family income increased, the proportion of income from the child's work decreased.
This document summarizes a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. It finds that most child laborers were aged 11-14 years old and female child laborers outnumbered males. Economic hardship and lack of education among parents were the main reasons forcing children to leave school and work. The study also found an inverse relationship between a family's income and a child's contribution to that income. In other words, as family income increased, the proportion of income from the child's work decreased.
Child labour is a major issue in India, which has the highest number of working children in the world, estimated between 60-115 million. Poverty is a key driver of child labour in India, where over a third of the population lives in poverty. While India's education system aims to reduce child labour, poverty leads to high dropout rates and low literacy. Compulsory education policies show promise but India must address the root causes of child labour through strengthened policies and enforcement to make progress against this issue.
Intergenerational benefits of India’s national school feeding programPOSHAN
Suman Chakrabarti, Samuel P. Scott, Harold Alderman, Purnima Menon, Daniel O. Gilligan
Poverty Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute
This document summarizes a statistics presentation on the factors responsible for child labor. It finds that the major factors contributing to child labor are unemployment and lack of education among parents. Over 40% of child laborers in Pakistan work in manufacturing and children work primarily to support their families living in poverty. The study was conducted in Peshawar through questionnaires and interviews with 35 child laborers ages 6-15 working in shops, restaurants, and workshops. It recommends that the government and NGOs provide job opportunities and education programs to address unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy driving child labor.
Cotton's forgotten children final 23-7-15Kranthi Kumar
The document discusses child labor and below minimum wages in cottonseed production in India. It finds that in 2014-15, around 200,000 children under 14 years old were employed in cottonseed farms across several Indian states, accounting for 25% of the total workforce. It also finds 281,200 children aged 15-18 working, an increase of over 90,000 since 2006-07. The study also reveals that wage rates paid for certain activities like cross-pollination are below legal minimums in many states. While interventions have reduced child labor incidence and raised awareness, the total number of children employed remains huge and work conditions continue to be unsafe and exploitative for many.
This document summarizes a study on factors that influence the aspirations of rural children in India. It describes the study methodology which included interviews with students, parents, government officials, and NGO representatives across 4 villages. A measure called "Predicted Maximum Future Income" (PMFI) was used to quantify aspirations based on desired occupations. Correlations between PMFI and variables like grade level, gender, parents' occupation, and school type (private vs. government) were then analyzed using the data collected, though sample sizes for comparisons were limited. The goal was to understand how childhood aspirations are shaped and inform policies to reduce persistent rural poverty.
Educational Setup by a Global Repute Company of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh)...IOSR Journals
This report was carried out to divulge the main aspect of a company’s social responsibility towards the society, specifically the vicinity in which they are operating. The company has an industrial unit in a village of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and has adopted the villages within 5kms of radius. The report provides an analysis and evaluation of current and prospective performance of students enrolled by the trust in a school started by them for the village students. The sample taken was of 55 students of two nearby villages. The method of analysis included questionnaires, interaction with the teachers, students, parents and the employees of the trust, along with that inspection was personally conducted to ensure no loopholes were there and its fixture if any. The findings suggest that the company has to follow some standard procedures to ensure regular attendance of these students enrolled by them. A regular check on the teachers needs to be maintained to match the educational standards expected, so as to fully ensure their responsibility towards the society. The results showed that the engagement of the students in their household chores left them with little time to attend school in case of girl students and various other factors affected the performance of the students overall.
Zulfiqar Ali's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
The document discusses gaps in conceptualizing and measuring the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in Bangladesh. It finds:
1) National surveys have statistical blind spots due to narrow definitions of WFCL that exclude invisible/hidden sectors.
2) Labour laws focus on formal sectors but most child labour occurs informally.
3) Surveys inadequately capture physical/sexual abuse and harm.
It calls for an inclusive conceptual framework to comprehensively address WFCL through both quantitative and qualitative research, challenging barriers to data collection and revising policy/legal documents.
Renu Singh's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
Dr Mudit Kapoor's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
The Effect of Parenting Style and Classroom Environment on the Mathematics Pe...ijtsrd
This paper aimed to investigate the relationship of parenting style and classroom environment on the mathematics performance of the students. The data was collected in 300 college students in Bukidnon State University. These students were already taken up Mathematics. The students were grouped by colleges and randomly selected. An adopted 5 point scale questionnaire was used in gathering information about the parenting style and attitude towards classroom environment. Their mathematics grade was also asked to measure their mathematics performance. It was found out that parents are dominantly using authoritative parenting they enforce rules but also welcome and open in the opinion and feelings of their children. However, in some situation they have to strictly imposed rules. Permissive parenting has no direct effect on math performance but has an indirect effect through authoritative parenting. Parents don’t just neglect their children and let them do whatever they want. Parents who are guiding their parents, implementing rules but giving them freedom to choose motivate the students to perform better in the class. Student raised by authoritative parents and taught with an effective teaching style motivate the student to participate in classroom activities, thus, improve his her academic performance. Lynn M. Remo "The Effect of Parenting Style and Classroom Environment on the Mathematics Performance of the College Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38095.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/38095/the-effect-of-parenting-style-and-classroom-environment-on-the-mathematics-performance-of-the-college-students/lynn-m-remo
Socio economic problems of child labor in rajshahi city corporation of bangla...Alexander Decker
This document discusses socio-economic problems of child labor in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. It notes that many families rely on children's income for survival, and employers prefer hiring children as they are cheaper. Child labor denies children their rights to education, leisure and exposes them to risks. The study interviewed 560 child laborers in Rajshahi and found long working hours and hazardous conditions negatively impact school attendance and child development. Poverty is a key driver of child labor in Bangladesh. The government has programs aiming to eliminate hazardous child labor and increase access to education, but enforcement remains a challenge.
New Microsoft Office PowerPoint Presentation (3)swadha rath
- The document provides statistics and analysis on child labor in Odisha, India from various surveys conducted between 1997-2012. It finds that the number of male child laborers consistently exceeds the number of females. The largest numbers are engaged in hazardous occupations like agriculture, bidi rolling, and food stalls.
- National and state-level programs aim to rehabilitate child laborers through special schools that provide education and vocational training. Over 100,000 children have been removed from labor and reintegrated into formal schooling through these efforts.
- While the number of child laborers is decreasing overall, continued efforts are needed to address the root causes of poverty, lack of access to education, social attitudes, and weak law
This document summarizes the major findings of a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. The study found that (1) most child laborers (60%) in the carpet industry were female, contrary to the belief that child labor is male-dominated, (2) over three-quarters of child laborers were illiterate or had not completed primary education, and (3) economic hardship and lack of access to education were the primary factors compelling children to work instead of attend school. The study also found that self-employed children outnumbered those employed by others, and girls were more likely to work at home compared to boys. Most child laborers came from nuclear families with eight or fewer family members.
This document discusses four potential interventions to address child marriage in Rajasthan:
1. Providing bicycles to secondary school girls which could avoid over 8,000 child marriages at a cost-benefit ratio of 2.8-6.6 depending on the discount rate.
2. Conditional cash transfers to secondary school girls which could avoid over 9,000 child marriages and have a cost-benefit ratio of 1.2-2.8 depending on the discount rate.
3. Constructing and maintaining girls' toilets in secondary schools which could avoid child marriages and have a cost-benefit ratio of 3.1-6.62 depending on the discount rate.
4. Vocational
1) The document reports on a study that examined the attitudes of prospective teachers toward the dowry system in India in relation to their gender and locality.
2) Key findings include that male prospective teachers had a more positive attitude toward dowry on average than female prospective teachers. Prospective teachers from rural areas also had a more positive attitude than those from urban areas.
3) Statistical analysis found significant differences in attitudes between males and females and between rural and urban prospective teachers, rejecting the null hypotheses of no difference.
IRJET- A Study on the Perception of Working Mother on Her Child’s Career Aspi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the influence of working mothers on their children's career aspirations in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study used questionnaires and statistical analysis tools to examine the relationship between a mother's occupation and her child's career choice. The results found that a mother's occupation has a significant influence on her child's career aspirations. The document provides context on women's participation in the workforce in India and defines key terms like work-life balance, career planning, and the role of parents' occupations in shaping children's career interests. It reviews previous related literature primarily from Western countries and notes a lack of studies from India specifically on the influence of working mothers.
Double for Nothing? Experimental Evidence on an Unconditional TeacherSalary I...Wildan Maulana
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of a large unconditional increase in teacher salaries in Indonesia. The study uses a randomized controlled trial across 360 schools to test the effects of accelerating access to a certification program that doubled teacher salaries. The findings show that the salary increase significantly improved teacher satisfaction and reduced financial stress, but had no meaningful impact on student learning outcomes after two or three years, despite being precisely estimated. The results suggest that unconditional pay increases alone may not improve productivity or effort among incumbent public sector employees.
A study of relationship between problems and empowermentpratyush227
This study examines the relationship between problems and empowerment of adolescent girls in Uttar Pradesh, India. It analyzes data from 150 girls across educational and health metrics. The key findings are:
1) There is a significant relationship between health problems and empowerment, with better health linked to higher empowerment.
2) There are no significant differences in empowerment, educational problems, or health problems between the cities studied.
3) Most girls have average or high empowerment levels, moderate educational problems, and moderate health problems.
The study concludes that improving education and health for girls can increase their empowerment and recommends related policy changes.
This document presents a theoretical framework to analyze child labour using an inter-temporal approach. It summarizes an existing model of child labour and adapts it to a two-period framework. The model shows that child labour is inversely related to the real interest rate - as the interest rate rises, households are induced to reduce their children's participation in work. A rise in the interest rate could occur due to macroeconomic policies like increased government expenditure, which would create a favorable demand shock and raise output and interest rates, leading households to supply less child labor.
This document summarizes a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. It finds that most child laborers were aged 11-14 years old and female child laborers outnumbered males. Economic hardship and lack of education among parents were the main reasons forcing children to leave school and work. The study also found an inverse relationship between a family's income and a child's contribution to that income. In other words, as family income increased, the proportion of income from the child's work decreased.
This document summarizes a study on child labor in the carpet industry of Kashmir. It finds that most child laborers were aged 11-14 years old and female child laborers outnumbered males. Economic hardship and lack of education among parents were the main reasons forcing children to leave school and work. The study also found an inverse relationship between a family's income and a child's contribution to that income. In other words, as family income increased, the proportion of income from the child's work decreased.
Child labour is a major issue in India, which has the highest number of working children in the world, estimated between 60-115 million. Poverty is a key driver of child labour in India, where over a third of the population lives in poverty. While India's education system aims to reduce child labour, poverty leads to high dropout rates and low literacy. Compulsory education policies show promise but India must address the root causes of child labour through strengthened policies and enforcement to make progress against this issue.
Intergenerational benefits of India’s national school feeding programPOSHAN
Suman Chakrabarti, Samuel P. Scott, Harold Alderman, Purnima Menon, Daniel O. Gilligan
Poverty Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute
This document summarizes a statistics presentation on the factors responsible for child labor. It finds that the major factors contributing to child labor are unemployment and lack of education among parents. Over 40% of child laborers in Pakistan work in manufacturing and children work primarily to support their families living in poverty. The study was conducted in Peshawar through questionnaires and interviews with 35 child laborers ages 6-15 working in shops, restaurants, and workshops. It recommends that the government and NGOs provide job opportunities and education programs to address unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy driving child labor.
Cotton's forgotten children final 23-7-15Kranthi Kumar
The document discusses child labor and below minimum wages in cottonseed production in India. It finds that in 2014-15, around 200,000 children under 14 years old were employed in cottonseed farms across several Indian states, accounting for 25% of the total workforce. It also finds 281,200 children aged 15-18 working, an increase of over 90,000 since 2006-07. The study also reveals that wage rates paid for certain activities like cross-pollination are below legal minimums in many states. While interventions have reduced child labor incidence and raised awareness, the total number of children employed remains huge and work conditions continue to be unsafe and exploitative for many.
This document summarizes a study on factors that influence the aspirations of rural children in India. It describes the study methodology which included interviews with students, parents, government officials, and NGO representatives across 4 villages. A measure called "Predicted Maximum Future Income" (PMFI) was used to quantify aspirations based on desired occupations. Correlations between PMFI and variables like grade level, gender, parents' occupation, and school type (private vs. government) were then analyzed using the data collected, though sample sizes for comparisons were limited. The goal was to understand how childhood aspirations are shaped and inform policies to reduce persistent rural poverty.
Educational Setup by a Global Repute Company of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh)...IOSR Journals
This report was carried out to divulge the main aspect of a company’s social responsibility towards the society, specifically the vicinity in which they are operating. The company has an industrial unit in a village of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and has adopted the villages within 5kms of radius. The report provides an analysis and evaluation of current and prospective performance of students enrolled by the trust in a school started by them for the village students. The sample taken was of 55 students of two nearby villages. The method of analysis included questionnaires, interaction with the teachers, students, parents and the employees of the trust, along with that inspection was personally conducted to ensure no loopholes were there and its fixture if any. The findings suggest that the company has to follow some standard procedures to ensure regular attendance of these students enrolled by them. A regular check on the teachers needs to be maintained to match the educational standards expected, so as to fully ensure their responsibility towards the society. The results showed that the engagement of the students in their household chores left them with little time to attend school in case of girl students and various other factors affected the performance of the students overall.
This document summarizes a working paper about the transformation of child labor in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses how the percentage of children in the workforce in Andhra Pradesh decreased sharply between 1991 and 2010, from 10% to 4.7%, making it the state with the largest decline. It credits this change to the collaborative efforts of the local NGO MV Foundation and the state bureaucracy. The paper aims to understand how MV Foundation was able to influence state policy on child labor and explore lessons for effective state-NGO collaboration. It argues that community participation played a key intermediary role in shaping the productive relationship between MV Foundation and the state government.
This document discusses the "Science of Delivery in Education" method known as deliverology. It summarizes key points made about deliverology's reported results in improving education in Pakistan. While initial reports showed large gains, upon further analysis the data does not provide clear or consistent evidence that deliverology alone caused such improvements. Enrollment data does not clearly show breaks from prior trends and learning data lacks comparable measures over time. More independent and rigorous data is still needed to fully evaluate deliverology's effectiveness.
The document provides a strategy deck for an organization called Uninhibited 2023. It summarizes that over 10 million adolescent girls in rural India miss school each day due to lack of access to menstrual hygiene products, toilets, and awareness. The organization aims to reform school systems over 12-18 months by creating female-friendly infrastructure, increasing awareness and access to relevant schemes, and shifting mindsets through behavior change sessions. Key activities include menstrual health education, building support systems, an e-health helpline, and improving WASH facilities. Measurable outcomes include improved school participation, health seeking behavior, and empowerment. The organization's goal is to scale its model to reach 1 million girls over the next 5
Child labor in pakistan by Farhan Ali RanaFarhan Ali
This document discusses child labor in Pakistan based on a survey from 1996. Some key points:
- The survey found 3.3 million children, or 7% of the workforce, were fully employed. Most were boys in Punjab.
- Main causes of child labor included poverty, lack of education, addicted fathers, working mothers, and the father's profession.
- Children worked in various industries like carpets, workshops, shops, and home services. Many faced hazardous conditions.
- The carpet industry exploited many children through debt bondage systems where they earned half the adult wage.
This document presents a project on child labor in Bangladesh. It defines child labor and notes that over 4 million children in Bangladesh work, many in agriculture. It discusses the cycle of child labor and Bangladesh's extreme risk rating on the child labor index. It examines the causes of child labor such as poverty, unemployment, population issues, tradition, and lack of education. The effects include depriving children of education and forcing some into crime or prostitution. Solutions proposed include free education, awareness programs, ensuring laws are implemented, and preventing the exploitation of children. The group's work plan over three years and budget are also outlined.
The document discusses proposals to enhance the quality of primary education in India. It identifies problems with the existing system such as poor infrastructure, lack of funding, and unqualified teachers. The proposed solutions include implementing education programs at the grassroots level, providing transportation and meals for students, establishing regulatory bodies to oversee schools, requiring teacher training, and increasing community involvement through youth programs. The proposals aim to ensure all children have access to a quality primary education. Challenges to implementation include securing adequate funding and government and community support.
This document discusses child labor in India. It defines child labor according to the ILO and UN convention. It describes the history of child labor during the Industrial Revolution and provides statistics on child labor in America in the early 1900s. It then discusses the current situation of child labor in India, noting that India has the highest number of child laborers in the world according to some estimates. Specific industries where child labor is prevalent, like agriculture, beedi rolling, glass, carpets, and silk are examined. Health issues faced by child laborers and campaigns to address the problem are also summarized.
This document discusses issues with primary education in India. It notes that while infrastructure investments are necessary, they are not sufficient to improve learning levels on their own. Stronger teacher hiring and training processes are needed to ensure quality education. Governance also needs to improve, such as more stringent monitoring of mid-day meal preparation and distribution, and teacher attendance. Collaboration with NGOs may help bring more children to schools and improve teaching methods. The curriculum also needs to engage students more to reduce dropout rates. Educating parents is important as well to emphasize the importance of education. Annual exams need careful setting to properly assess students.
The role of parenting styles in enhancing or hindering children’s performance...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and preschool children's performance in curriculum activities in Kenya. The researchers surveyed 160 preschool children and their parents from 20 preschools. They found a significant positive relationship between authoritative parenting styles and children's performance, and a significant negative relationship between authoritarian parenting styles and performance. No significant relationship was found between permissive parenting styles and performance. The study concluded that parenting styles significantly influence preschool children's performance in curriculum activities.
When children come to school, they already know a lot about measuring height, width etc. They know about near and far through games. In the game of marbles, they easily hit the marbles on the target. Apart from this, there are many examples of games in which children use the concepts of measurement. They measure in their environment. These children do all these things unintentionally. That is why it is necessary to bring the attention of children to the concepts they use. In the beginning, this can be done with non standard units and later they be introduced to standard units of measurements. It is important that all this work should be done by taking the examples of the childrens environment. Shikha Verma "Measuring Measurement Skill in Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46352.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46352/measuring-measurement-skill-in-children/shikha-verma
The document provides information on child labor in India through a literature survey. It defines child labor according to international organizations and presents statistics on the number of child laborers in India. Common forms of child labor discussed include work in factories, households, farms, and mines. Poverty, overpopulation, illiteracy, unemployment, and industrialization are cited as key drivers of child labor. The government and NGOs are working to address the issue through various programs and laws, though the problem remains widespread. More efforts are needed to support families economically and improve access to education to fully address child labor.
Impact of Pre School Education Program of Icds on Children in Rural Punjabinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes the February 2012 issue of the newsletter "Inspiring Teachers". It includes articles on Gross National Happiness in Bhutan and teacher accountability in India. It also lists upcoming webinars and must-read websites for teachers. The main article discusses a study that assessed learning outcomes in 5 Indian states and calls for reforms such as improving textbooks, tracking attendance, introducing local languages in school, assessing teachers' teaching ability, and defining and measuring child-friendly education. The document promotes contributing to an open-source teacher handbook project by answering questions about teaching philosophy and practices.
1. The Seeds of Change:
The Role of State Bureaucracy and Civil
Society in Combating Child Labor in the
Hybrid Cottonseed Industry in India
2. Agenda
• Introduction to hybrid cottonseed industry
• Theory & hypotheses
• Research design
• Case study 1-Andhra
• Case study 2-Rajasthan
• Summary
• Q&A
4. Background to Hybrid Cottonseed Industry
• Bt cotton introduced in 2002
• Transformed cotton production in India
• Led to emergence of hybrid cottonseed industry
• Hybrid cottonseed industry is single largest employer of child labor
in India (0.4 million)
• Estimates on child labor vary in India. (0.8 million to 3.2 million)
• Highest numbers of child labor in the world.
6. A child laborer cross-pollinating a cottonseed plant in Gujarat, India
7. Reasons for choosing cottonseed industry
• New trend in child labor
• Highlights problems of implementation of India’s child labor
law.
• Snapshot of statewise variation
8. Child Work in India
60%
26%
7%
7%
Agriculture Services Industry Others
Child Labor
(Prohibition and
Regulation)Act,
1986
9. The Puzzle of State-wise Variation
10%
6%
4.70%
3.90% 4.20%
7.80%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
1991 2001 2010
Over-time variation in child labor in Andhra Pradesh
and Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh % child labor Gujarat % child labor
10. Economic growth does not explain change in child
labor rates
Gujarat Andhra
Annual Per capita
income in 2010
USD 756 USD 570
Average rate of
growth of per capita
income
14.9% 9.7%
1991-2010 Child labor
increasing
Child labor
decreasing
14. Bureaucratic Effectiveness
• Poor Infrastructure (2012)
-32.4% schools don’t have a toilet
-23.4 % schools don’t have
drinking water
-63.7% don’t have electricity
• Teacher-truancy
-Average teacher absenteeism
= 24%
• Poor Learning Outcomes
Dropouts (Grade I-VIII)
42%
15. Effect of Bureaucratic Effectiveness on Parental Motivation
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in the
Delivery of
Elementary
Education
Parental
Motivation to
Send A Child
to
Work/School
Quality of
Education
16. Social Consensus on Education
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in the
Delivery of
Elementary Education
Parental
Motivation to
Send A Child to
Work/School
Social Consensus
On Education
Quality of
Education
17. Direct Effect of Social Consensus on Parental Motivation
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in the
Delivery of
Elementary Education
Parental
Motivation to
Send A Child to
Work/School
Social Consensus
On Education
Quality of
Schools
Peer Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
18. Indirect Effect of Social Consensus on Parental Motivation
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in the
Delivery of
Elementary Education
Parental
Motivation to
Send A Child to
Work/School
Social Consensus
On Education
Quality of
Schools
Peer Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
Accountability
19.
20. Going beyond economic factors to explore institutional and socio-
cultural factors affecting child labor
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness
Social Consensus
on Education
Parental
Motivation Child Labor
Household Poverty
Quality of Education
Accountability
Peer
Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
INSTITUTIONAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL ECONOMIC
Civil Society
Organizations
21. Empirical analysis
• Findings
• Empirical analysis gives broad patterns but does not explain
– causal mechanisms
– Over-time variation
– Role of civil society organizations (CSOs)
22. Purpose of Case Studies
i) Role of Civil Society Organizations
ii) Over-time variation
iii) Causal mechanisms
24. Hypothesis:
CSOs that are proactive in creating a social consensus on
education should be more successful in reducing child labor
than those that focus narrowly on withdrawing children from
the labor force.
28. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan are the two Indian
states selected for my case studies
29. Why Andhra and Rajasthan ?
# Parameters for case
selection
Andhra
Pradesh
Rajasthan
1. Child Labor in the Hybrid
Cottonseed Industry
Yes Yes
2. Rural per capita income USD 571 USD 405
3. Bureaucratic Effectiveness Moderate Moderate
4. Social Consensus on
Education
Low Low
5. Civil Society activity Present and
reduction in
child labor
Present but no
reduction in
child labor
30. Over-time variation of child labor in the hybrid cottonseed
industry in Andhra and Rajasthan
57.4%
42.7%
29.8%
34.9%
32.7%
24.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
2003 2007 2010
Andhra Pradesh - % Child Labour below 14 years
Rajasthan - % Child Labour below 14 years
37. Achievements of MV Foundation
• 0.6 million children withdrawn from the child labor
force and admitted into schools.
• 6,000 volunteers at village level.
• MVF model replicated in other states and countries.
• Innovations integrated into state and national policy
39. MVF starts social mobilization on education in Uyyalawada
in 2006
Uyyalawada Dornipadu
40. Social mobilization strategies of MV Foundation in Uyyalawada
(1/2)
Parents
-Awareness
-Appeal
-Facilitation
-Sanction
Community
Community
Tying up with local groups
41. Social mobilization strategies of MV Foundation in
Uyyalawada (2/2)
School
Creating Institutional mechanisms of accountability
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy
-Providing information & logistical support
-Bureaucracy provides legitimacy to MVF
- Spread to other blocks
42. Correlating Causal Mechanisms to Theory
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in
Elementary
Education
Social Consensus
on Education
Parental
Motivation
(Work/School)
Child Labor
Household Poverty
Quality of Education
Accountability
Peer
Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
INSTITUTIONAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
ECONOMIC
43. Impact of MV Foundation’s social mobilization in
Uyyalawada
• Between 2007-10:
• Retention rate in schools increased from 30% to 85%
• Cottonseed acreage reduced from 1067.5 acres to 653 acres.
• Child laborers in cottonseed has declined from 3336 to 405.
45. Dornipadu: No NGOs
Responses of stakeholders (1/2)
Parents:
----
“We hide the children” –Cottonseed farmer
Community:
46. Dornipadu: No NGOs
Responses of stakeholders (2/2)
School
Bureaucracy
“I am struggling to keep children in
school” ~ Dornipadu principal of
government school.
“There are no child labor in
Dornipadu”~ Block Revenue Officer,
Dornipadu
47. Impact on child labor in Dornipadu
• Total cottonseed acreage has increased to 4386.5.
• Child labor in Dornipadu=1577
• “Dornipadu is a new area in which cottonseed farming has
been started. Both cottonseed acreage and child labor is
increasing in Dornipadu” ~Davuluri Venkateswarlu,
Independent Researcher.
51. DRMU action and government response
• Registering migrant workers.
• Stopped child labor from going to Gujarat.
• Widespread media attention
• Diverse institutional measures by the government
– Anti trafficking cell
– Special Protocol
– District Task Force
– Special child labor schools
– Reality on the ground different
– DRMU Movement died down
52. Impact of DRMU’s strategies on stakeholders
Parents:
No interaction with parents
Competition with other NGOs
Community:
53. Impact of DRMU mobilization on stakeholders
School
Bureaucracy
“It is not our job” ~DRMU
member
Antagonistic relationship with the
bureaucracy
54. Correlating Causal Mechanisms to Theory
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in
Elementary
Education
Social Consensus
on Education
Parental
Motivation
(Work/School)
Child Labor
Household Poverty
Quality of Education
Accountability
Peer
Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
INSTITUTIONAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
ECONOMIC
55. Impact of DRMU’s action on child labor in Jhadol
834 households surveyed in 2012:
Out of 845 children, 77 migrated.
9% children migrated in Jhadol
57. Impact of Aastha Foundation’s strategies on
stakeholders
Parents:
-Individual follow-up with parents
-Tribal Development Forum
-Ekal Nari Shakti Sangathan
-Rajsamand Women’s Forum
Community:
58. Impact of DRMU mobilization on stakeholders
School
Bureaucracy
Monitoring of 257 schools in 25
villages
No collaboration with the
bureaucracy
59. Correlating Causal Mechanisms to Theory
Bureaucratic
Effectiveness in
Elementary
Education
Social Consensus
on Education
Parental
Motivation
(Work/School)
Child Labor
Household Poverty
Quality of Education
Accountability
Peer
Pressure
&
Demonstration
Effect
INSTITUTIONAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
ECONOMIC
60. Impact on child labor in Kotra
Decline in few villages like Maldar but effort hasn’t spread to
other villages.
62. Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan
Uyyalawada
(MV
Foundation)
Dornipadu
X
Kotra
(Aastha
Foundation)
Jhadol
(DRMU)
√ X √ X
√ X √ X
√ X √ X
√ X X X
IMPACT -Decline in child
labor
-Decrease in
cottonseed
acreage
-Effort spreads to
other blocks
-Increase in child
labor.
-Increase in
cottonseed
acreage
-Child labor
declines in a few
villages.
-Effort remains
very loclized
9% children
migrating for
cottonseed work.
- Decline in
blocks covered
by DRMU
63. Conclusions:
• If India does not pass a child labor law that banishes all forms
of child labor, bureaucratic effectiveness and social consensus
on education will be mandatory for India to achieve universal
literacy.
• If India passes a child labor law that banishes all forms of
child labor, a social consensus on education would still be
necessary for such a law to be made effective because it is
unlikely that any law in India will impose penalty on parents if
they fail to send them to school.