Now in its seventh year, the CIPR State of the Profession survey is the largest and longest running survey of its kind. The survey takes into account the views of CIPR members and non-members, and aims to reveal the issues and challenges facing public relations professionals. It covers a broad range of key issues including professional background, skills, recruitment and diversity.
Delivered in partnership with Survation, the seventh edition of ‘State of the Profession’ gives evidence to burgeoning cross-industry convergence between PR and marketing; the increasing demand for practitioners to be content creators and curators; and, unprecedented detail on industry issues, including an extensive breakdown of gender pay, found to be the most unequal at the most senior levels.
#StateOfPR 2016 reflects the views of more than 1500 practitioners who shared their thoughts on every aspect of public relations, delivering the most compelling snapshot of PR practice to date.
CIPR's annual State of the Profession report has, for ten years, explored the trends, issues and challenges facing public relations. It is the largest and most statistically robust investigation of its kind. From skills and salaries to diversity and gender pay, State of the Profession delivers industry-leading data on every aspect of the PR profession.
PRFest - setting the scene with industry statsPRFest
The public relations and communication industry changes every year and there are numerous reports discussing the changing trends. At #PRFest in June 2019, these slides were used to set the scene, where the industry is at, and signposts where we need to be going... Visit www.prfest.co.uk for full details about the two-day festival, which aims to encourage practitioners to learn, share and collaborate.
Une étude mondiale de BCG et de The Network au sujet des recrutements et de la mobilité à l'international dans le contexte du Covid.
Principaux enseignements :
- Le désir de s'expatrier est en baisse
- Le Canada remplace les USA comme première destination pour les expatriations
- plus d'1 répondant sur 2 souhaiterait travailler pour une entreprise située à l'étranger, tout en restant chez soi
Now in its seventh year, the CIPR State of the Profession survey is the largest and longest running survey of its kind. The survey takes into account the views of CIPR members and non-members, and aims to reveal the issues and challenges facing public relations professionals. It covers a broad range of key issues including professional background, skills, recruitment and diversity.
Delivered in partnership with Survation, the seventh edition of ‘State of the Profession’ gives evidence to burgeoning cross-industry convergence between PR and marketing; the increasing demand for practitioners to be content creators and curators; and, unprecedented detail on industry issues, including an extensive breakdown of gender pay, found to be the most unequal at the most senior levels.
#StateOfPR 2016 reflects the views of more than 1500 practitioners who shared their thoughts on every aspect of public relations, delivering the most compelling snapshot of PR practice to date.
CIPR's annual State of the Profession report has, for ten years, explored the trends, issues and challenges facing public relations. It is the largest and most statistically robust investigation of its kind. From skills and salaries to diversity and gender pay, State of the Profession delivers industry-leading data on every aspect of the PR profession.
PRFest - setting the scene with industry statsPRFest
The public relations and communication industry changes every year and there are numerous reports discussing the changing trends. At #PRFest in June 2019, these slides were used to set the scene, where the industry is at, and signposts where we need to be going... Visit www.prfest.co.uk for full details about the two-day festival, which aims to encourage practitioners to learn, share and collaborate.
Une étude mondiale de BCG et de The Network au sujet des recrutements et de la mobilité à l'international dans le contexte du Covid.
Principaux enseignements :
- Le désir de s'expatrier est en baisse
- Le Canada remplace les USA comme première destination pour les expatriations
- plus d'1 répondant sur 2 souhaiterait travailler pour une entreprise située à l'étranger, tout en restant chez soi
The 5th Annual JOTW Strategic Communications Survey for 2022Frank Strong
5th annual survey of 483 professionals working in communications, public relations and public affairs.
This survey was a joint effort between Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) and Sword and the Script Media, LLC. Subscribers to both organizations were solicited to take the survey through mentions in the weekly newsletter, dedicated email requests and social media. Gini Dietrich and Karen Swim also solicited respondents from their respective communities at Spin Sucks and Solo PR Pro.
In total 483 respondents took the survey online, using Survey Monkey, from Friday, May 6, 2022, until June 14, 2022.
Survey takers were incentivized to take the survey with an offer to be entered for a chance to win one of three gift cards ($100, $50 and $25).
This research brief intends to draw the attention of development studies and information & communication technology (ICT) scholars and practitioners who wish to better understand the labor market and in particular the potential of digital work within the ICT and services sub-sector. In particular, the brief examines Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and whether this industry can have a lasting change on digital employment for youth and other marginalized groups in South Africa.
Social Media as a Medium for Empowerment of Womenijtsrd
Women empowerment is very important for the development of a country. Women are offering their services in every sector of a economy. The role of social media has become very important in shaping present society. Social media educates the people about the current issues and influences the public opinion. The reach of media to common people has increased and undoubtedly social media has attained the role of a very powerful organ in all spears of life. It's a common belief that women are network savvy entrepreneurs are able to reach the larger target customers in low cost. Social media entrepreneurship has definitely offered financial independence and sense of pride and purpose. Social media is helping the women to empower themselves by using different tools of media. They increase the participation and access of women to self expression and decision making through the media and new technologies of communication is empowering the women. On the other hand the influence of social media in buying decision of consumers has been very significant. The interface between producers sellers and customers of goods and services increases and helps to strengthen the decision making power of customers. The present study is wholly presented by women respondents who are engaged in online business as the study aims to find out their participation in social media for women entrepreneurial ventures. Present paper aimed to study the status of women, their demographic characteristics, businesses they have started, nature of their businesses and usage of social media in business and growth therein due to strong network. In the present study both primary and secondary data has been used. Dr. Adv. Ms. Neeta Deshpande | Prof. M. M. Samudre "Social Media as a Medium for Empowerment of Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29493.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/29493/social-media-as-a-medium-for-empowerment-of-women/dr-adv-ms-neeta-deshpande
Connections As A Tool For Growth: Evidence From The LinkedIn Economic GraphLinkedIn
New evidence from LinkedIn’s current network, presented here, demonstrates the economic value of connections. We calculate an “index of connectedness” for each of 275 metro regions in the U.S., based on the average number of connections per LinkedIn member in that region. The higher the index of connectedness, the more dense the connections between LinkedIn members in that region. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculate the four-year and one-year nonfarm payroll job growth for those metro regions.
This report was authored by Dr. Michael Mandel, with research supported by LinkedIn. November 2014.
Freelancing in New York is the first comprehensive measure of the independent workforce in New York City. Commissioned by Freelancers Union, Upwork, and the NYC Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment, this study surveyed 5,000 working adults in New York City. The study, launched in part to inform work at Freelancers Hub, the first City-funded effort providing dedicated coworking and training to freelancers, estimates that 1.3 million workers are freelancing — with an estimated annual economic impact of $31.4 billion in earnings from their freelance work.
The industry's most authoritative study returns for 2019. #StateofPR 2019 paints a picture of a commercially robust industry that isn't always the people-focussed profession it aspires to be.
Find out more: http:www.cipr.co.uk/stateofPR
Edwards 1Samsung Global Marketing Plan Part 1EvonCanales257
Edwards 1
Samsung: Global Marketing Plan Part 1
Markis' Edwards
BUS 622
Dr. Lorraine Cigainero
March 15, 2021
Abstract
Corporate organization adapt to remain competitive within the market, the advancement in technology, effects of globalization, and population have made several companies expand their operations to mature marketplaces while other have chosen to do so with internal markets. This document reviews Samsung's internal environment and identifies a country where it can expand its operations based on the identified factors.
Executive Summary
There are various strategies that corporate organizations adapt to remain competitive and to thrive in the market. The advancement in technology, effects of globalization, and population have forced many companies to expand their operations to mature marketplaces while others have expanded their operations to international markets. According to the last Forbes news, companies that open their needs where their opponents have not opened have more significant power. Through global expansion, a company can make its brand awareness durable before its competitors do. The global expansion also creates the firm's image and builds an excellent reputation for future operations worldwide (Anwar, 2017).
Samsung: Global Marketing Plan
There are reports that companies with more global outlets control a large customer base and are also well established in the market. In the United States, top companies with robust brand loyalty and enormous profit, such as Apple, Samsung, Netflix, PayPal, etc., are globally known for their vigorous branches. The process of global expansion also involves analyzing environmental factors such as political, economic, social, technological, and legislative factors of a company (Keegan & Green, 2020). This paper will analyze Samsung's internal environment and identify a country where it can expand its operations based on the identified factors.
Background information about Samsung
Samsung is one of the leading electronic companies globally. It is located in South Korea. Samsung products include memory chips, digital media devices, appliances, semiconductors, and integrated systems. Samsung has been in existence for over 80 years, and currently, it controls over $4 billion net worth with over 2000 display centers in over 400 countries. According to the company's previous report, over 80 of its profit is obtained from overseas countries, with the U.S., Russia, U.K., China, Germany, and France being its primary target market (Gumparthi & Deb, 2019). However, the company has also expanded in Africa, and Australia and today, the company's brand is prevalent in all continents. Samsung contributes to over 50% of South Korean export. Besides, Samsung contributes to over 20% of South Korea GDP. Samsung currently has more than 5000 workers; Samsung has received several international awards, including the best company in empowering employees and a cente ...
The CIPR's #PRinaPandemic specialist study of the public relations sector authoritatively explores the immediate impact of COVID-19 on the profession, and how it will develop, reflecting on a truly challenging year and what this has meant to those working in the profession.
Weber Shandwick hat sich wieder mit Spencer Stuart zusammen getan und The Rising CCO V veröffentlicht. Diese Studie, die in diesem Jahr in die fünfte Runde geht, untersucht die Erwartungshaltungen von Chief Communications Officers (kurz: CCOs) in Nordamerika, Europa, Lateinamerika und im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum, wie sich ihre Aufgaben und Arbeitsbereiche durch die immer weitere digitalisierte und von Medien zunehmend fragmentierte Welt ändern.
Unsere Rising CCO Studie zeigt, dass CCOs zum einen immer öfter auch digitale und soziale Medien in ihrer Abteilung verantworten müssen, und zum anderen Digital und Social-Media-Experten einstellen müssen, um dem Aufkommen gewahr zu werden. Genauer gesagt hat Social Media den größten Einfluss auf die Arbeit der CCOs. So gaben 91 Prozent der CCOs an, dass sie in Social Media die beste Zukunft sehen, wenn es um wichtige Kommunikationsinstrumente geht.
Die Studie zeigt weiterhin auf, dass CCOs traditionelle und soziale Medien für verschiedene Zwecke nutzen und die Wirksamkeit durch die Integration beider Medienarten in unterschiedliche Kommunikationsaktivitäten erhöht wird. Hier sollten die CCOs die Gelegenheit nutzen, zu verstehen, wann was strategisch am besten genutzt wird.
Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) newsletter and Sword and the Script Media conducted the fourth annual JOTW Strategic Communications Survey to understand trends in the field of communications. About 300 professionals took the survey: 97% of respondents are based in the U.S.; 88% report having 11 or more years of experience; 62% of respondents are in-house communicators; and respondents come from more than a dozen different industries. Detailed demographics are included at the end.
Published on 21 February 2014.
The Chartered Institute of Public Relations' annual benchmarking report into the biggest trends and issues facing the PR profession.
The 5th Annual JOTW Strategic Communications Survey for 2022Frank Strong
5th annual survey of 483 professionals working in communications, public relations and public affairs.
This survey was a joint effort between Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) and Sword and the Script Media, LLC. Subscribers to both organizations were solicited to take the survey through mentions in the weekly newsletter, dedicated email requests and social media. Gini Dietrich and Karen Swim also solicited respondents from their respective communities at Spin Sucks and Solo PR Pro.
In total 483 respondents took the survey online, using Survey Monkey, from Friday, May 6, 2022, until June 14, 2022.
Survey takers were incentivized to take the survey with an offer to be entered for a chance to win one of three gift cards ($100, $50 and $25).
This research brief intends to draw the attention of development studies and information & communication technology (ICT) scholars and practitioners who wish to better understand the labor market and in particular the potential of digital work within the ICT and services sub-sector. In particular, the brief examines Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and whether this industry can have a lasting change on digital employment for youth and other marginalized groups in South Africa.
Social Media as a Medium for Empowerment of Womenijtsrd
Women empowerment is very important for the development of a country. Women are offering their services in every sector of a economy. The role of social media has become very important in shaping present society. Social media educates the people about the current issues and influences the public opinion. The reach of media to common people has increased and undoubtedly social media has attained the role of a very powerful organ in all spears of life. It's a common belief that women are network savvy entrepreneurs are able to reach the larger target customers in low cost. Social media entrepreneurship has definitely offered financial independence and sense of pride and purpose. Social media is helping the women to empower themselves by using different tools of media. They increase the participation and access of women to self expression and decision making through the media and new technologies of communication is empowering the women. On the other hand the influence of social media in buying decision of consumers has been very significant. The interface between producers sellers and customers of goods and services increases and helps to strengthen the decision making power of customers. The present study is wholly presented by women respondents who are engaged in online business as the study aims to find out their participation in social media for women entrepreneurial ventures. Present paper aimed to study the status of women, their demographic characteristics, businesses they have started, nature of their businesses and usage of social media in business and growth therein due to strong network. In the present study both primary and secondary data has been used. Dr. Adv. Ms. Neeta Deshpande | Prof. M. M. Samudre "Social Media as a Medium for Empowerment of Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29493.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/29493/social-media-as-a-medium-for-empowerment-of-women/dr-adv-ms-neeta-deshpande
Connections As A Tool For Growth: Evidence From The LinkedIn Economic GraphLinkedIn
New evidence from LinkedIn’s current network, presented here, demonstrates the economic value of connections. We calculate an “index of connectedness” for each of 275 metro regions in the U.S., based on the average number of connections per LinkedIn member in that region. The higher the index of connectedness, the more dense the connections between LinkedIn members in that region. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculate the four-year and one-year nonfarm payroll job growth for those metro regions.
This report was authored by Dr. Michael Mandel, with research supported by LinkedIn. November 2014.
Freelancing in New York is the first comprehensive measure of the independent workforce in New York City. Commissioned by Freelancers Union, Upwork, and the NYC Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment, this study surveyed 5,000 working adults in New York City. The study, launched in part to inform work at Freelancers Hub, the first City-funded effort providing dedicated coworking and training to freelancers, estimates that 1.3 million workers are freelancing — with an estimated annual economic impact of $31.4 billion in earnings from their freelance work.
The industry's most authoritative study returns for 2019. #StateofPR 2019 paints a picture of a commercially robust industry that isn't always the people-focussed profession it aspires to be.
Find out more: http:www.cipr.co.uk/stateofPR
Edwards 1Samsung Global Marketing Plan Part 1EvonCanales257
Edwards 1
Samsung: Global Marketing Plan Part 1
Markis' Edwards
BUS 622
Dr. Lorraine Cigainero
March 15, 2021
Abstract
Corporate organization adapt to remain competitive within the market, the advancement in technology, effects of globalization, and population have made several companies expand their operations to mature marketplaces while other have chosen to do so with internal markets. This document reviews Samsung's internal environment and identifies a country where it can expand its operations based on the identified factors.
Executive Summary
There are various strategies that corporate organizations adapt to remain competitive and to thrive in the market. The advancement in technology, effects of globalization, and population have forced many companies to expand their operations to mature marketplaces while others have expanded their operations to international markets. According to the last Forbes news, companies that open their needs where their opponents have not opened have more significant power. Through global expansion, a company can make its brand awareness durable before its competitors do. The global expansion also creates the firm's image and builds an excellent reputation for future operations worldwide (Anwar, 2017).
Samsung: Global Marketing Plan
There are reports that companies with more global outlets control a large customer base and are also well established in the market. In the United States, top companies with robust brand loyalty and enormous profit, such as Apple, Samsung, Netflix, PayPal, etc., are globally known for their vigorous branches. The process of global expansion also involves analyzing environmental factors such as political, economic, social, technological, and legislative factors of a company (Keegan & Green, 2020). This paper will analyze Samsung's internal environment and identify a country where it can expand its operations based on the identified factors.
Background information about Samsung
Samsung is one of the leading electronic companies globally. It is located in South Korea. Samsung products include memory chips, digital media devices, appliances, semiconductors, and integrated systems. Samsung has been in existence for over 80 years, and currently, it controls over $4 billion net worth with over 2000 display centers in over 400 countries. According to the company's previous report, over 80 of its profit is obtained from overseas countries, with the U.S., Russia, U.K., China, Germany, and France being its primary target market (Gumparthi & Deb, 2019). However, the company has also expanded in Africa, and Australia and today, the company's brand is prevalent in all continents. Samsung contributes to over 50% of South Korean export. Besides, Samsung contributes to over 20% of South Korea GDP. Samsung currently has more than 5000 workers; Samsung has received several international awards, including the best company in empowering employees and a cente ...
The CIPR's #PRinaPandemic specialist study of the public relations sector authoritatively explores the immediate impact of COVID-19 on the profession, and how it will develop, reflecting on a truly challenging year and what this has meant to those working in the profession.
Weber Shandwick hat sich wieder mit Spencer Stuart zusammen getan und The Rising CCO V veröffentlicht. Diese Studie, die in diesem Jahr in die fünfte Runde geht, untersucht die Erwartungshaltungen von Chief Communications Officers (kurz: CCOs) in Nordamerika, Europa, Lateinamerika und im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum, wie sich ihre Aufgaben und Arbeitsbereiche durch die immer weitere digitalisierte und von Medien zunehmend fragmentierte Welt ändern.
Unsere Rising CCO Studie zeigt, dass CCOs zum einen immer öfter auch digitale und soziale Medien in ihrer Abteilung verantworten müssen, und zum anderen Digital und Social-Media-Experten einstellen müssen, um dem Aufkommen gewahr zu werden. Genauer gesagt hat Social Media den größten Einfluss auf die Arbeit der CCOs. So gaben 91 Prozent der CCOs an, dass sie in Social Media die beste Zukunft sehen, wenn es um wichtige Kommunikationsinstrumente geht.
Die Studie zeigt weiterhin auf, dass CCOs traditionelle und soziale Medien für verschiedene Zwecke nutzen und die Wirksamkeit durch die Integration beider Medienarten in unterschiedliche Kommunikationsaktivitäten erhöht wird. Hier sollten die CCOs die Gelegenheit nutzen, zu verstehen, wann was strategisch am besten genutzt wird.
Ned’s Job of the Week (JOTW) newsletter and Sword and the Script Media conducted the fourth annual JOTW Strategic Communications Survey to understand trends in the field of communications. About 300 professionals took the survey: 97% of respondents are based in the U.S.; 88% report having 11 or more years of experience; 62% of respondents are in-house communicators; and respondents come from more than a dozen different industries. Detailed demographics are included at the end.
Published on 21 February 2014.
The Chartered Institute of Public Relations' annual benchmarking report into the biggest trends and issues facing the PR profession.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. 2019-2020 SA Freelance Media Industry
and Rates Report
Authors: Jude Mathurine & Curwyn Mapaling
2. CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
INTRODUCTION
HIGHLIGHTS
LOCATION AND INCOME
AGE
GENDER
GENDER AND INCOME
RACE
RACE AND INCOME
EDUCATION
EDUCATION AND INCOME
FREELANCE SPECIALISATION
SECONDARY SPECIALISATION
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AND INCOME
FREELANCE EXPERIENCE
FREELANCE EXPERIENCE AND INCOME
NATURE OF FREELANCING
FREELANCE CLIENTS & EMPLOYERS
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
AVERAGE INCOME
WHY FREELANCE?
CHALLENGES OF FREELANCING
INDUSTRY MEMBERSHIP
FREELANCERS AS CLIENTS
CUTTING STANDARD RATES
BILLING MODES FOR FREELANCE SERVICES
FREELANCE RATES GUIDE
WRITING/CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
SCRIPT WRITING
ADVERTISING
PUBLIC RELATIONS & COMMUNICATIONS
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3. ONLINE
SOCIAL MEDIA
GENERAL EDITING
SPECIFIC EDITING
DOCUMENT FORMATTING
LAYOUT COORDINATION
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
INTERPRETING
PHOTOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY/POST-PRODUCTION
VIDEOGRAPHY
WORKSHOPS/TRAINING
GRAPHIC DESIGN
GRAPHIC DESIGN/LAYOUT & PRODUCTION
PODCASTING & SOUND EDITING
TOP SPECIALISATION RATES BY PROVINCE
1. NEWSPAPERS: PER WORD
2. CORPORATE CONTENT: PER WORD
3. MARKETING MATERIAL: PER HOUR
4. MEDIA RELEASE WRITING: PER HOUR
5. WEBSITE CONTENT: PER WORD
6. WEBSITE CONTENT: PER HOUR
7. COPY/SUBEDITING: PER WORD
8. COPYWRITING: PER HOUR
9. CAMERA WITH PROFESSIONAL SOUND ETC.: PER FULL DAY
10. POST-PRODUCTION VIDEO EDITING: PER FULL DAY
11. GENERAL GRAPHIC DESIGN: PER HOUR
12. LOGO DESIGN: PER HOUR
13. CREATING VISUAL CONCEPTS: PER HOUR
14. CORPORATE REPORTS: PER HOUR
15. TRANSFORMING STATS INTO GRAPHIC DESIGN: PER HOUR
16. ORIGINAL IMAGES: PER HOUR
17. EVENT PHOTOGRAPHY: PER HOUR
18. WEDDING: PER FULL DAY
19. MEDIA HOUSES, NEWSPAPERS: PER IMAGE
20. LIBRARY FEE ONE-OFF USAGE: PER HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE
21. POST PRODUCTION RETOUCHING: PER HOUR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
The authors thank the following persons who contributed in the planning, design and publishing of the survey and
this report.
Curwyn Mapaling holds a Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology and Community Counselling from Stellenbosch University. Currently, he works as a
Public Service Clinical Psychologist at Fort England Psychiatric Hospital in Makhanda. He serves as the Vice-Chairperson of the Eastern Cape/Free State
Region of SAFREA and as an Executive Committee Member of the Community and Social Psychology (CaSP) Division of the Psychological Society of
South Africa (PsySSA). Curwyn has worked on the SA Freelance Media Industry and Rates Reports since 2017.
Jude Mathurine lectures journalism and new media at Nelson Mandela University where he works to educate the next generation of smart media cre-
atives for social good. His research focuses on media development, and digital media leadership and innovation. He has worked widely in journalism
education, new media and media development in South and Southern Africa for over two decades. He holds a Master of Arts in Journalism and Media
Studies from Rhodes University.
Safrea Chair Lynne Smit and the Exco for giving us the time to build and improve on this established annual
research report.
The previous authors who contributed to this study: Laura Dubber (2018), Robyn Thekiso (2017) and Laura
Rawden (2016).
Tiffany Markman for inspiring fellow freelancers to complete this survey.
The 466 survey respondents who took the time to share their experience with us.
•
•
•
•
PAGE 4
5. INTRODUCTION
PAGE 5
This fourth edition of the highly anticipated annual Safrea Freelance Media
Industry and Rates Report provides a more detailed view of the South African
freelancer than ever before and includes a few surprises.
New questions were introduced this year. In addition, the authors looked at
changes over time and drilled down into the data to examine the relationships
between variables like average income and age or fee rates for service by
province.
We have expanded the story of the South African freelancer by considering
how various issues affect freelance income – more particularly the ability to
earn above the median South African salary of R22 387. The result is a more
descriptive report that can make clear suggestions for future research and
sectoral advocacy especially in a post-Covid-19 context.
The Covid-19 spectre looms over this study. Many freelancers’ entire livelihoods
dried up overnight and there is no suggestion whether this may ever recover.
Unfortunately, an assessment of the influence of Covid-19 on the sector and
freelancing is only partial as the study mainly deals with the 2019 financial year.
The 2020/2021 survey will be designed to reveal specific insights that have
emerged year-on-year because of the major collapse of specific segments of
the market – notably the magazine sector. It should be noted that the magazine
sector was listed as the second largest client for freelance work after online/
digital in this survey. The closure of Associated Media Publishing, Caxton’s
magazine division, as well as deep cuts to Media24’s magazine portfolio
will have a devastating effect on livelihoods. As one of the most vulnerable
labour segments, freelancers have been subject to temporary closures,
closures, reduced hours, delayed payments or mandatory cuts in freelance
invoices across all media. Retrenchments at major media companies may drive
an unspecified number of media workers into the freelance market and the
media ‘gig economy’. This may have the influence of increasing labour supply,
decreasing demand and decreasing income. Only time will tell.
While much is made of the future of work and the gig economy based on
comparisons between the US and SA markets, there are many differences in
regulation, labour markets and technology use and adoption which suggest
that our trajectory will be different and that we still have some time to adapt
and develop local solutions. These solutions will be led by the insights gleaned
from the years of quantitative data from these reports. Only about 3% of
respondents use apps like Upwork and Fiverr for work.
Safrea’s professional and advocacy role has never been more important than
it is now. Safrea will remain at the forefront by striving to raise the professional
standing of freelancers and promoting professional standards and ethical
conduct by both freelancers and their clients.
As usual, readers are reminded that the report does not advocate specific rates.
The research merely reports on the frequency and averages that committed
respondents share with us to help freelancers and clients benchmark and
negotiate their own fees. To avoid any misunderstandings, Safrea recommends
that a written agreement stating full terms and conditions is entered prior to
commencement of all work.
6. PAGE 6
HIGHLIGHTS
Freelancing is a choice. Most enjoy the flexibility of the sector
and the freedom to choose projects and clients.
Graphic design was the top primary specialisation in 2019.
Proof-reading is the most popular secondary specialisation.
The popularity of journalism as a freelance specialisation is
rapidly declining.
Black freelancers are the lowest earners.
Corporate clients account for 30% of all income.
Only about 3% earn their primary income from gig economy
marketplaces like Fiverr and Upwork.
Online/Digital provides the most work opportunities; followed
by the print magazine sector.
Facebook is the freelancer’s social media platform of choice.
The sector is still dominated by women (although the number
of female respondents to the survey has declined)
The sector is young. Most respondents are under 40-years old
(53%) and many (43%) have less than five years’ experience as
freelancers.
<40
71% of respondents freelance full-time.
Women earn less than men.
Freelancers in the sector are more educated on average.
The sector doesn’t pay well. 33% earn less than R10 000 a month.
7. PAGE 7
LOCATION AND INCOME
Profile of the South African Freelancer
The top four provinces for freelancers are the Western Cape (45%), Gauteng (39%) KZN (7%) and the Eastern Cape (4%). The best provinces for freelance earners are the
Western Cape and Gauteng, where just less than half the freelancers reported earnings above the median South African salary of R22 387. Only 26% of KZN freelancers
and 37% of Eastern Cape freelancers earn at or above this level. Most respondents in other provinces like Mpumalanga (100%), Limpopo (67%), Mpumalanga (100%),
North West (100%) and Free State (50%) report earn less than R10 000 a month.
8. PAGE 8
AGE
Freelancing is a young person’s game, according to the survey. Most respondents (53%) are under 40. Freelancers aged between 31 and 40 years old constitute the
largest age category (about 30%). Since 2018, freelancers between 19 and 30 years have increased by four percentage points to 23%. One in ten freelancers were over
retirement age (60 years).
9. GENDER
RACE
GENDER AND INCOME
RACE AND INCOME
The freelancing sector is women-led (63%). This gender trend has been
consistent since 2017. The dominance of women in this sector bucks the
national trend in which women occupy between 43,8% (Statistics SA 2018) and
45% (World Bank 2019) of the employed work force. The finding also confounds
the results of the Department of Arts and Culture (2017) Employment in the
Culture and Creative Industries study which found that more men (56%) than
women are employed in the sector.
The number of female respondents is down from a high of 77% in 2018.
Race is a new and important category in the survey. It is used to build a profile
of SA freelance media and communication sector and to acknowledge and
respond to the experiences of self-employed workers in their diversity. The
2017 Employment in the Culture and Creative Industries study estimated that
the demography of this economic sector is African (66.5%), White (20,6%),
Coloured (8,9%) and Asian/Indian (4%).
By comparison, the 2020 SAFREA survey reveal the demographics of freelance
respondents is 75% White, 16% Black, 4% Coloured and 1% Indian.
Almost half the number of male freelancers earn above the average South
African salary of R22 387, whereas only about 41% of women earn upwards of
R20 000 per month. Up to 35% of women earned below R10 000 compared
to just 30% of men. The pay-gap between women and men in self-employed
positions and the gig economy has been documented in international research.
One 2020 study of men and women using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform
found that, controlling for other variables, women earned 10,5% less than their
male counterparts. The local reasons for the pay-gap are not explored in this
report and would warrant more qualitative research.
Women who make up most of the freelance sector, carry greater financial risk,
as well as often having to juggle the demands of family life and duties. Women
freelancers were more likely to take on more responsibilities particularly
during the Covid-19 period where child-care duties and responsibilities, home
schooling and negotiating remote work time became additional challenges.
0,5% percent of respondents identified as non-binary.
Black freelancers take home the least income on average. Over 60% of Black
respondents earn less than R10k a month and almost one-third earn less
than R5 000 per month. Only about 30% of Coloured respondents earned
more than the average SA salary for 2020; compared with about 23% of Black
freelancers, 71% of Indian respondents and 41% of White respondents. The
reasons for the pay-gap are not explored in the research but would warrant
more qualitative research.
PAGE 9
11. EDUCATION
FREELANCE SPECIALISATION
EDUCATION AND INCOME
The Employment in the Culture and Creative Industries study (2017) found
31.8% of those working in cultural occupations have tertiary education. By
comparison, freelancers are a highly educated bunch. Most respondents to the
survey (88%) had some post-secondary education. One third of freelancers has
a post-graduate (Honours degree or higher) qualification.
About four in five freelancers studied in the Humanities (an academic discipline
that includes qualifications in languages, literature, philosophy, arts and culture,
journalism, photography, design). The most popular qualifications within the
discipline are general BA or a degree in Media or Communications. Only
a handful of freelancers appear to hold qualifications from non-Humanities
specialisations like Business (8%) and Information Technology (3%). Freelancers
with law or medical qualifications who have greater opportunity to research,
produce or edit highly niche content in media, publishing or academia
constitute only 1% each of the research sample.
Graphic design (12,3%) deposed editing and sub-editing (10,09%) as the top primary specialism this year. The number of respondents listing graphic design climbed by
seven percentage points from 2018. Photography (10,09%) was the third most popular specialism rising from 5% to 10%. Videography rose three percentage points to
6%. These shifts may either suggest more audio-visual media professionals have entered the freelance sector, that more freelancers from audio-visual media and design
categories answered the survey or that existing freelancers are pivoting to new areas and opportunities. It should be noted that SAFREA did experience an influx of
photographers from the South African Professional Photographers (SAPP) who signed up for membership during lockdown when this survey was run.
Other primary categories were relatively stable, shifting only by a percentage point up or down year-on-year. However, respondents who listed journalism as their primary
specialisation dipped five percentage points to from 13% in 2018 to about 8% in 2019. This possibly mirrors the media industry trend of layoffs and media closures.
While most think that post-secondary qualifications (read more complex and
critical skills, as well as adaptive competences) may increase prospects for
greater financial reward, the survey suggests that the rewards for a higher
qualification are marginal.
41% of freelancers who held a Bachelor’s degree earn about the average
national salary or higher. This compares with 45% of freelancers with an
Honours degree, 41% of freelancers with a Masters qualification and 43% of
freelancers with a doctorate. By comparison 38% of respondents with only a
matric or national certificate and 40% of respondents with a higher certificate,
reported earning R20 000 or more.
Diplomas seemed to be the best qualification to guarantee an income above
the national average salary. About half the respondents with a national diploma
reported earning R20 000 or higher a month from their freelance gigs.
About 4% of respondents with certificates reported earning over R50 000.
About 7% of higher certificate, about 7% of diplomates, about 8% of degreed
freelancers, 7% of honours freelancers, 5% of freelancers with masters degrees
and 7% with doctorates.
PAGE 11
13. SECONDARY SPECIALISATION PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
AND INCOME
A major choice for some freelancers is what skills will offer more value to clients
or increase the employment opportunities when other work prospects dry up.
In 2020, the top three secondary specialisations were proof-reading, editing
or sub-editing and copywriting. Photography climbed from number 6 in 2018
to number 4 in 2019.
Journalism, which was the second most popular secondary specialisation in
2018 (13%), dropped to thirteenth place (3,7%). More freelancers now indicate
other specialisation areas like public relations and communication, videography
or social media management as their secondary skill of choice.
Movement in other secondary specialisms were marginal although illustration,
translation and transcription all moved up by about 2 percentage points from
2018.
The percentage of freelancers claiming between six and 11 years’ experience
in their secondary specialism remained stable, while freelancers with 11 to
20 years’ experience in their secondary specialism declined by about five
percentage points year-on-year.
Most freelancers have less than five years’ experience in their secondary
specialisation (28%). The growth in this category (four percentage points year-
on-year) may suggest some freelancers are pivoting to new specialisms in the
face of tougher market conditions. If this is the case, the provision of high
quality and affordable skills training becomes important to give freelancers
another quiver in their bow. About 38% of respondents said they attended an
educational or short course in the past year. Three out of every five respondents
said they would undertake some form of business and professional training in
the coming year.
SAFREA coffee clubs and webinars offer members essential professional and
business skills like mentoring, copyright and social media marketing. However,
relations with preferred accredited educational providers could be investigated
to help members pivot or upskill to new areas.
The percentage of freelancers with up to five years’ experience in their primary
specialisation remained stable year-on-year at 19%. For the second year in a
row, the largest cohort with experience in their primary specialisation were in
the 11-20 year category (2018-29% vs 2019-32%).
Professional and specialised experience likely has the biggest influence on a
freelancers’ pay prospects.
85% of freelancers with less than five years’ experience recorded earning
below the average SA salary threshold of R22 387. This figure drops by 20
percentage points (65%) for freelancers with between 6-10 years’ and 21
percentage points (44%) for respondents in the 11-20 year category.
By contrast, 65% of respondents in the 31-40 years category and 60% of
respondents in the 40+ category earn above the R20 000 threshold.
Respondents with between 21-30 years’ experience in their main specialisation
had the greatest prospect for higher income. About 14% earned over R50 000
per month.
PAGE 13
15. FREELANCE EXPERIENCE
FREELANCE EXPERIENCE AND INCOME
Most respondents have less than five years’ experience as a freelancer (43%) – up four percentage points year-on-year. The rise in newer entrants may again signal the
consequence of media downsizing and closures in the media and communication sector over the past four years. Between 2018 and 2019 several media companies
undertook retrenchment processes or closed for operational reasons. The rise could also be coupled to proliferation of technologies and platforms that have become
available in the past five years which has allowed labour the choice to engage in more remote work.
The majority of new entrants don’t earn well. Two out of every three freelancers with less than 5 years’ experience earn below the average SA salary threshold. This
figure drops to 56% for freelancers with between 6 to 10 years’ experience.
In contrast, 55% of freelancers with between 11 to 20 years’ experience, and about 81% with between 31 and 40 years’ experience earn above the average SA salary
threshold. This does not prove correlation between experience and income or even suggest a discernible trend. For this, one would need more longitudinal data and
qualitative research with this research sample.
Notwithstanding, there are outliers. 4% of freelancers with less than five years’ experience earned more than R50 000 a month. This compares with 7% of freelancers
with between 6 and 10 years’ experience and about 11% of freelancers with between 11 to 20 years’ experience.
PAGE 15
17. PAGE 17
NATURE OF FREELANCING
Freelancing is a full-time job for about 71% of respondents. The remaining 29% supplement income by freelancing in addition to contract, part-time or full-time
employment. Three out of every four freelancers (76%) listed freelancing as a primary source of income (up from 72% in 2017). These figures become particularly
important when considering the nature and vulnerability of self-employed workers who must carry their own costs and operate without the safety net of unemployment
insurance, medical or pension – and the fact that the vast majority of these freelancers earn less than R10 000 per month.
Almost half of respondents (49%) had less than five years’ experience before dipping their toes in the freelance pool. This figure is up ten percentage points year-on-
year. As the period of formal employment increases, it appears that salaried staff have less appetite to join the ranks of the self-employed. This fall-off trend is consistent
with the 2018 data.
18. PAGE 18
FREELANCE CLIENTS & EMPLOYERS
The introduction of a broader variety of client categories in this year’s survey saw a 44 percentage point decline for freelancers who regarded corporates (30,3%) as
their bread and butter. ‘Individuals’ (16,5%) and SMMEs (14,5%) are the second and third biggest client types. An interesting development is the growth of online gig
platforms like Fiverr, Upwork and Freelance.com as a new employment category (3%) for freelancers.
For the third consecutive year, online/digital provided most work opportunities for freelancers. Print magazines which took a massive hit during the Covid-19 pandemic
- with the closure of Caxton’s magazine division, Associated Media Publishing and the restructuring of Media24’s print division – was listed as the second biggest
employer. The television industry ranked third.
The print media category was split into magazines and newspapers this year so that employment trends in each could be monitored over time. However, the combined
print segment fell 14,5 percentage points from 39,1% to 24,6% year-on-year likely demonstrating continued decline in freelance budgets and/or opportunities in this
sector.
Respondents’ alternative employment prospects have been mainly in legacy print media which account for more than a quarter of the work. This is followed by online/
digital, television and publishing.
19. PAGE 19
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
Freelancers are active across multiple social media platforms. Most use at least two channels for branding, leads and self-promotion. Facebook, which enjoys over 24
million South African accounts, is hands-down the favourite platform for freelancers (29%). Instagram clocks in at number two (19,8%). Given its popularity as a video
and photo sharing platform, it has become the platform of choice for some photographers, videographers and multimedia content producers. LinkedIn, the Microsoft
owned professional network is the third most popular social media channel. Only about 15% of total respondents were brave enough to dare the mean streets of Twitter.
Just over ten percent of respondents say they found success using blogs.
20. PAGE 20
AVERAGE INCOME
Freelance earnings are low relative to the average gross national salary of R22 387. Only 43% of freelancers earned above this threshold. The top 1% of freelancers take
home more than R70 000 a month. The highest salary shared in the survey was R110 000 per month.
The good news is that the number of freelancers who earn less than R10 000 has dropped 9 percentage points from 42% in 2016 to 33% in 2019/2020.
The bad news is that the study shows that 15% of total respondents earn less than R5000 a month. These freelancers’ incomes are most vulnerable to shocks. They were
also the most exposed to Covid-19’s impact on work opportunities. A snap survey among SAFREA members at the beginning of lockdown period (March 2020) found
that 60% of members lost 90-100% of their income.
Freelance photographers, print, broadcast and multimedia journalists were among those able to apply for assistance to the SANEF Media and Social Justice Initiative
media relief fund. About 227 applicants had received R5000 for essentials as at the end of September.
21. PAGE 21
WHY FREELANCE?
The most cited reason for respondents entering a freelance career was to supplement an existing income – not the downturn in job market or redundancies. This was
followed by the freedom to choose clients and projects and job flexibility. This suggests that entry into the freelance pool is an active choice for most respondents and
not something that they were pushed into because of a lack of suitable employment opportunities (3,6%) or due to unemployment or retrenchment (8,7%).
22. PAGE 22
CHALLENGES OF FREELANCING
For the second year running, freelancers have listed low freelance rates as their chief worry (19%). This was followed by client exploitation (12%) and non or late
payment (11,27%). These are perennial issues for most self-employed individuals. A sectoral mechanism to pressure slow or non-paying clients to cough up is strongly
encouraged. SAFREA may also look to assist members with workshops in negotiating skills. Other concerns include the lack of benefits including medical aid, pension
and UIF, as well as fellow freelancers undercutting each other’s rates. These remain critical matters for ongoing research and advocacy in the freelance sector.
23. PAGE 23
INDUSTRY MEMBERSHIP
Safrea members constitute less than a quarter (23,6%) of the respondents to its own annual rates survey. While the largest cohort of respondents (40%) indicated
that institutional membership was not applicable, many do belong to other organisations like Sisters Working in Film and Television (SWIFT) and SA Professional
Photographers (SAPP) which were not listed in the survey. This suggests the need to clarify and broaden the range of associations represented in this question in future.
The range of member and professional organisations and associations occupying this space suggests a clear need for intelligence sharing and advocacy efforts on
matters of common cause to secure for all freelancers.
24. PAGE 24
FREELANCERS AS CLIENTS
Accounting and tax (46%) and educational services (37,7%) were the business services most used in the past 12 months. Business insurance was the third most popular
service, with some freelancers listing income protection under ‘other’. About 2% of freelancers had enlisted the help of debt collection agencies to put the squeeze on
slow paying or non-paying clients.
The use of educational services is significant given the need for many freelancers to improve the quality of business performance or to diversify skills areas to attract
new clients. 43% of respondents undertook business or professional related training, while 60% had plans to undertake a learning course in the new year.
The identification of services utilised by freelancers is an important indicator of areas where partnerships could be developed to secure discounted services to offer
value to members in the future.
25. BILLING MODES FOR FREELANCE
SERVICES
The common view is that freelancers who cut their rates often hurt the industry
by undervaluing the work of their colleagues. However, the research suggests
that a clear majority of respondents (60%) discount their standard fee at least
sometimes. 22% of respondents stated that they cut their rates more often to
land a commission or project. Up to 88% of SAFREA members cut their fees or
commission at least some of the time.
Those who discount fees comment that they do it because they need the work.
Given the fact that so many freelancers (57%) earn below the national average
salary, it’s no wonder that the most frequent comment to this question is: “A
job is a job” or “…I need to pay the bills.” A smaller number suggested they
will discount their fee based on the nature of the client e.g. startups, friends,
NGOs or the project itself. The impact of Covid-19 on client ability to pay and
job scarcity also featured as reasons for discounting rates.
The survey team crunched and cross-filtered the data to look for outliers to
this trend.
Time (or experience) and education appears to make some difference in
freelancer ability (or unwillingness) to compromise on a standard fee. About
10% of freelancers with less than five years’ experience never cut their rate.
This figure jumps to 15% for freelancers with 6 to 10 years’ experience; 19% for
freelancers with 11 to 20 years’ experience; and fully 42% for freelancers with
between 31 and 40 years’ experience. As previously indicated, there is some
correlation between freelancer years of experience and ability to earn above
the median salary. While the reasons for individuals discounting their own rates
is often personal and complex, the data tends to imply that those freelancers
who are more experienced and better off may be less inclined to compromise
on rates, whereas those who are struggling may do so more often.
14% of diplomates never compromise on a fee compared with 19% of
respondents with an Honours degree, 23% of Masters’ degree holders and
35,7% of doctorate holders.
Freelancers use a range of methods to charge for services – from project fees
to retainers, charging per word or per hour. It is instructive for new freelancers
who quote for jobs, as well as clients and agencies that produce freelance
briefs, to know the most popular employed for various services. The list below
represents the main (most popular though not the exclusive methods) of
charging for a listed service.
Writing/Content development is mainly billed as a flat rate (35%); this is followed by
a per word rate (30%) and closely by per hour billing (28%).
Script writing for television is mainly billed per episode (35,8%), followed by a
retainer/flat rate (31%).
The advertising sector mainly uses per hour billing (45%), followed by a retainer/
flat rate (39%).
The online sector mainly bills using a retainer/flat rate (38%), followed by a per hour
rate (37%).
Social media services are mainly billed per hour (46%), followed by per post (33%).
Copy editing is mainly billed per word (39%), followed by per hour (33%).
Editing (freelance title editor) is mainly billed per word (31%), followed by project
fee (30%).
Transcription services are mainly billed per hour (59%), followed by per word (26%).
Translation services are mainly billed per word (67%), followed by per hour (22%).
Photographic services are mainly billed per hour (39%), followed by a full-day rate
(23%).
Interpreting services are mainly billed as a project fee (49%), followed by per hour
(32%).
Photography is mainly billed as a project fee, followed by full-day rate.
Workshop training design and facilitation is mainly billed as a project fee (41%),
followed by full-day rate (25%).
Graphic design is mainly billed as a project fee (46%), followed by a per hour rate
(40%).
Podcasting and sound services is mainly billed as a project fee (52%), followed per
hour (28%).
Videography is mainly billed using a project fee (41%), followed by full-day rate
(34%).
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PAGE 25
CUTTING STANDARD RATES
Understanding Freelance Rates
26. PAGE 26
FREELANCE RATES GUIDE
WRITING/CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
This section shows the average price range that respondents charge for various disciplines and areas of focus. It is merely a benchmark and individuals should continue
to use the options that work best for them and their business. The rates guide is not prescriptive. The guide aims to provide an overview of rates trends and should be
viewed as a benchmarking guide. The guide tracked specific rates, based on the 2019/2020 survey, as well as additional baseline input from our industry partners. All
rates should be agreed between freelancer and client and should be in line with the freelancer’s experience and qualifications, budget, nature of the job, skills scarcity
and any other relevant variables.
Type Per Word Per Hour
Magazines R3.00 - R4.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Newspapers R2.00 - R3.00 < R400.00
Corporate content R2.00 - R4.00 R400.00 - R600.00
Technical/specialist content > R4.00 R400.00 - R700.00
Annual reports R2.00 - R3.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Government documents R2.00 - R3.00 R450.00 - R650.00
Textbooks > R1.50 R400.00 - R450.00
Novels/books R0.90 - R1.50 > R400.00
Ghost writing < R5.00 > R550.00
27. PAGE 27
SCRIPT WRITING
Type Per Word Per Hour Other
Script writing
(General – television)
> R3.00 > R600.00
Head writer (Long-running
series/soaps/telenovelas)
R60,000.00 – R90,000.00 per
month
Storyliner (Long-running
series/soaps/telenovelas)
R5,000.00 -
R7,000.00 per episode
Story editor (Long-running
series/soaps/telenovelas)
> R2,500.00
per episode
Script editor (Long-running
series/soaps/telenovelas)
> R2,500.00
per episode
Researcher (Long-running
series/soaps/telenovelas)
R2,000.00 – R4,000.00 per
day
Script writing (General –
corporate)
> R4.50 > R650.00
Corporate AV script writing
with research supplied
> R500.00 per minute (for 15
minutes or less)
Corporate AV script writing
with writer doing research
> R650.00 per minute (for 15
minutes or less)
Specialty AV script writing
which requires project
expertise
> R2,000.00 per minute (for 15
minutes or less)
Educational AV script writing > R1,500.00 per minute (for 15
minutes or less)
28. PAGE 28
ADVERTISING
PUBLIC RELATIONS & COMMUNICATIONS
ONLINE
Type Per Word Per Hour
Marketing material (brochures, adverts
etc.)
> R3.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Advertorial R3.00 - R4.00 R500.00 - R600.00
Copywriting R3.00 - R4.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Type Per Word Per Hour Flat Rate
Media release writing R3.00 - R4.00 R450.00 - R550.00 R1500.00 - R2000.00
Strategy development R3.00 - R4.00 < R700.00
Speechwriting > R4.00 R500.00 - R600.00 > R2000.00
Media relations R450.00 - R550.00
Type Per Word Per Hour
Website content R2.00 - R2.50 R450.00 - R550.00
Online consumer content > R2.50 R400.00 - R500.00
SEO content > R2.50 R450.00 - R550.00
Consumer/journalism blog content R2.50 - R3.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Content marketing R2.50 - R3.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Web-based content R2.50 - R3.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Email marketing Content R2.50 - R3.00 R450.00 - R550.00
29. PAGE 29
SOCIAL MEDIA
GENERAL EDITING
Type Per post Per word Per hour
Social media content creation < R250.00 R2.50 - R3.00 R350.00 - R450.00
Social media
management/coordination
R400.00 - R500.00
Social media strategy
development
R500.00 - R550.00
Online content development
(For instance, blogs)
R2.50 - R3.00 R350.00 - R450.00
Type Per word Per page Per hour
General copy-editing (light) < R0.50 R50.00 - R100.00 < R400.00
General copy-editing
(medium)
< R0.50 R50.00 - R100.00 R400.00 - R500.00
General copy-editing (heavy) > R1.00 > R100.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Substantive/structural editing R0.50 - R1.00 > R200.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Developmental editing > R1.00 R150.00 - R200.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Proofreading < R0.30 R50.00 - R150.00 R350.00 - R450.00
Copy/sub-editing < R0.50 R90.00 - R120.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Reference checking R100.00 - R200.00 R300.00 - R400.00
30. PAGE 30
SPECIFIC EDITING
DOCUMENT FORMATTING
LAYOUT COORDINATION
Type Per word Per page Per hour
Magazines > R1.00 > R65.00 R350.00 - R450.00
Newspapers > R1.00 R50.00 - R100.00 R300.00 - R400.00
Academic theses < R0.50 R45.00 - R65.00 R300.00 - R400.00
Corporate content < R3.50 R150.00 - R200.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Technical/Specialist Content > R1.00 > R100.00 R450.00 - R550.00
Government documents < R0.50 R100.00 - R200.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Textbooks R0.20 - R0.50 R50.00 - R100.00 < R400.00
Fiction R0.20 - R0.50 R50.00 - R100.00 R350.00 - R450.00
Type Per word Per page Per hour
Academic R0.20 - R0.50 < R50.00 R300.00 - R350.00
General R0.20 - R0.50 R300.00 - R400.00
Type Per word Per page Per hour
Corporate newsletters > R350.00 R400.00 - R500.00
Magazines > R250.00 > R500.00
31. PAGE 31
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
INTERPRETING
Type Per word Per hour
Transcription R1.50 - R2.50
Type Per word
Between English and Afrikaans R0.50 - R1.00
Between English and an official African language R1.00 - R1.50
Between English and major world languages R1.00 - R1.50
Between English and less common world languages R1.00 - R1.50
Sworn translation > R2.00
Specialised translation (e.g. financial, legal, highly technical
or scientific)
< R1.50
Type Per hour
Between English and Afrikaans R350.00 - R450.00
Between English and an official African language R400.00 - R500.00
Between English and major world languages R400.00 - R500.00
Between English and less common world languages R450.00 - R550.00
Between English and South African Sign Language (SASL) > R550.00
32. PAGE 32
PHOTOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY/POST-PRODUCTION
Type Per image Per hour Half-day Full-day
Product, advertising,
branding, interiors,
architectural
R250.00 - R350.00 R800.00 - R1 000.00 R3 000.00 - R5 000.00 R5 000.00 - R8 000.00
Event photography R100.00 - R200.00 R850.00 - R1 500.00 R3 000.00 - R5 000.00 R4 500.00 - R7 500.00
Advertorial, editorial,
modelling
R800.00 - R3 000.00 R800.00 - R1 500.00 R3 000.00 - R5 000.00 R5 000.00 - R8 000.00
Wedding R50.00 - R100.00 R600.00 - R1 200.00 R4 000.00 - R7 000.00 > R12000.00
Media houses,
newspapers
R300.00 - R600.00 R450.00 - R600.00 R2 000.00 - R3 000.00 > R5500.00
Type Per image Per hour Half-day Full-day
Post-production,
retouching
R100.00 - R200.00 R300.00 - R500.00 R1 000.00 - R3 000.00 R1 500.00 - R3 500.00
Dropbox / FTP R2.00 - R4.50 per MB R75.00 - R150.00
Type Per low-resolution
image
Per standard print
resolution image
Per high-resolution
image
Per sale of the high-
resolution image -
multiple usage rights
but not copyright.
Library fee one-off
usage charge
R150.00 - R250.00 R350.00 - R650.00 R650.00 - R1000.00 R1000.00 - R10 000.00
33. PAGE 33
VIDEOGRAPHY
WORKSHOPS/TRAINING
Type Per hour Half-day Full-day
Camera with
professional sound, proper
lighting and stabilised shots,
with no edits required
R2 000.00 - R3 000.00 R2 500.00 – R4 500.00 > R6500.00
Post-production, video editing R400.00 - R600.00 R2 500.00 – R4 500.00
Type Per hour Half-day Full-day
Facilitating workshops/
training sessions
R450.00 - R850.00 R3 500.00 - R6 500.00 R5 000.00 - R12 000.00
Module/content creation R450.00 - R750.00
35. PAGE 35
PODCASTING & SOUND EDITING
Type Per hour Per project
Podcasting & sound editing R3000.00 - R4000.00
Sound editing (only) R450.00 - R550.00
TOP SPECIALISATION RATES BY PROVINCE
1. NEWSPAPERS: PER WORD
Freelance rates (as well as clients’ ability and willingness to pay) inevitably varies by region. Not all specialisations and activities could be included. The researchers
narrowed down the most popular freelance specialisations (graphic design, editing and sub-editing, photography, copywriting, journalism and videography) and
identified the related services and the main related mode of billing. These were then cross-filtered with the location of the respondent. The result is a list of the
frequency of specialisation rates charged by province. This may help some freelancers to ballpark their fee based on the most frequently charged rate for a service in
a particular province.
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R2.00 20.51% 20.00% 11.11% 27.78% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R2.00 -
R3.00
38.46% 20.00% 44.44% 33.33% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 60.00%
> R3.00 30.77% 20.00% 30.56% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00%
Other 10.26% 40.00% 13.89% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
36. 2. CORPORATE CONTENT: PER WORD
3. MARKETING MATERIAL: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R2.00 13.04% 12.50% 5.77% 15.79% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67%
R2.00 -
R4.00
43.48% 50.00% 44.23% 57.89% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 50.00%
> R4.00 30.43% 25.00% 34.62% 10.53% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67%
Other 13.04% 12.50% 15.38% 15.79% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R450.00 20.41% 66.67% 17.65% 20.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
R450.00 -
R550.00
42.86% 0.00% 38.24% 40.00% 50.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R550.00 24.49% 33.33% 35.29% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
Other 12.24% 0.00% 8.82% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
PAGE 36
37. PAGE 37
4. MEDIA RELEASE WRITING: PER HOUR
5. WEBSITE CONTENT: PER WORD
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R450.00 25.00% 25.00% 18.92% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
R450.00 -
R550.00
39.29% 50.00% 32.43% 62.50% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 25.00%
> R550.00 25.00% 12.50% 27.03% 12.50% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 25.00%
Other 10.71% 12.50% 21.62% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R2.00 19.15% 0.00% 12.12% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67%
R2.00 -
R2.50
25.53% 50.00% 42.42% 30.77% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 66.67%
> R2.50 36.17% 50.00% 36.36% 46.15% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00% 16.67%
Other 19.15% 0.00% 9.09% 7.69% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
38. PAGE 38
6. WEBSITE CONTENT: PER HOUR
7. COPY/SUBEDITING: PER WORD
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R450.00 29.09% 50.00% 29.79% 41.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67%
R450.00 -
R550.00
38.18% 33.33% 36.17% 33.33% 50.00% 100.00% 100.00% 83.33%
> R550.00 23.64% 16.67% 23.40% 25.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 9.09% 0.00% 10.64% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R0.50 44.00% 50.00% 38.89% 23.08% 75.00% 33.33% 0.00% 40.00%
R0.50 -
R1.50
32.00% 50.00% 22.22% 38.46% 25.00% 33.33% 100.00% 40.00%
> R1.50 16.00% 0.00% 16.67% 38.46% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 20.00%
Other 8.00% 0.00% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
39. PAGE 39
8. COPYWRITING: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R450.00 17.14% 25.00% 25.81% 12.50% 33.33% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33%
R450.00 -
R550.00
48.57% 50.00% 32.26% 62.50% 66.67% 100.00% 100.00% 66.67%
> R550.00 22.86% 25.00% 29.03% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 11.43% 0.00% 12.90% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9. CAMERA WITH PROFESSIONAL SOUND ETC.: PER FULL DAY
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
<
R3500.00
9.09% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R3500.00
-
R6500.00
36.36% 50.00% 43.48% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
>
R6500.00
48.48% 50.00% 43.48% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 6.06% 0.00% 4.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
40. PAGE 40
10. POST-PRODUCTION VIDEO EDITING: PER FULL DAY
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
<
R2500.00
8.82% 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R2500.00
-
R4500.00
64.71% 66.67% 56.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
>
R4500.00
17.65% 33.33% 36.00% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 8.82% 0.00% 4.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
11. GENERAL GRAPHIC DESIGN: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R350.00 13.43% 16.67% 17.24% 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R350.00 -
R550.00
64.18% 66.67% 58.62% 50.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
> R550.00 16.42% 0.00% 13.79% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 5.97% 16.67% 10.34% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
41. PAGE 41
12. LOGO DESIGN: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R300.00 13.33% 25.00% 9.52% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R300.00 -
R500.00
56.67% 50.00% 57.14% 66.67% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R500.00 21.67% 25.00% 19.05% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 8.33% 0.00% 14.29% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
13. CREATING VISUAL CONCEPTS: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R300.00 12.96% 33.33% 16.00% 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R300.00 -
R500.00
57.41% 66.67% 56.00% 40.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R500.00 14.81% 0.00% 16.00% 40.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 14.81% 0.00% 12.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
42. PAGE 42
14. CORPORATE REPORTS: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R350.00 13.89% 33.33% 10.53% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R350.00 -
R650.00
69.44% 33.33% 63.16% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R650.00 11.11% 0.00% 15.79% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 5.56% 33.33% 10.53% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
15. TRANSFORMING STATS INTO GRAPHIC DESIGN: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R350.00 14.29% 33.33% 5.26% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R350.00 -
R650.00
69.05% 33.33% 78.95% 60.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R650.00 11.90% 0.00% 10.53% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 4.76% 33.33% 5.26% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
43. PAGE 43
16. ORIGINAL IMAGES: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R300.00 18.18% 66.67% 9.52% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R300.00 -
R500.00
52.27% 33.33% 57.14% 55.56% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R500.00 22.73% 0.00% 14.29% 44.44% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 6.82% 0.00% 19.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
17. EVENT PHOTOGRAPHY: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R850.00 32.65% 75.00% 33.33% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
R850.00 -
R1500.00
53.06% 25.00% 40.74% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%
>
R1500.00
12.24% 0.00% 25.93% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
Other 2.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
44. PAGE 44
18. WEDDING: PER FULL DAY
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R7000 5.13% 0.00% 15.00% 12.50% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
R7000.00
-
R12000.00
38.46% 100.00% 15.00% 37.50% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%
>
R12000.00
46.15% 0.00% 65.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%
Other 10.26% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
19. MEDIA HOUSES, NEWSPAPERS: PER IMAGE
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R300.00 38.89% 100.00% 15.00% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
R300.00 -
R600.00
38.89% 0.00% 55.00% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R600.00 13.89% 0.00% 30.00% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
Other 8.33% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
45. PAGE 45
20. LIBRARY FEE ONE-OFF USAGE: PER HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R650.00 21.43% 100.00% 14.29% 14.29% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00%
R650.00 -
R1000.00
46.43% 0.00% 42.86% 42.86% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 50.00%
>
R1000.00
28.57% 0.00% 28.57% 42.86% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 3.57% 0.00% 14.29% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
21. POST PRODUCTION RETOUCHING: PER HOUR
Responses Western
Cape
Eastern
Cape
Northern
Cape
Gauteng KwaZulu-
Natal
North
West
Limpopo Mpumalanga Free State
< R300.00 31.25% 33.33% 7.41% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%
R300.00 -
R500.00
45.83% 33.33% 55.56% 40.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%
> R500.00 18.75% 33.33% 29.63% 30.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other 4.17% 0.00% 7.41% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
46. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dubber, L & Mapaling, C. 2019. SA Freelance Media Industry and Rates report 2018-2019. Safrea.
Finlay, A (ed). 2019. State of the Newsroom Report 2018: Structured/Unstructured. Wits University.
Hadisi, S & Snowball, J. 2017. Employment in the Cultural and Creative Industries in South Africa Department of Arts and Culture.
Rawden, L. 2016. South African freelance media industry and rates report. Safrea.
Rumney, R. 2020. SANEF”s Covid-19 Impact on Journalism report. South Africa National Editors’ Forum.
Spilbury, M. 2017. Exploring Freelance Journalism. National Council for the Training of Journalists.
Thekiso, R., & Mapaling, C. 2018. SA freelance media industry and rates report 2017-2018. Safrea.
www.safrea.co.za