for educational purposes

1. Occupational Safety and
Health Standard (OSHS)
ABE 101 Materials and Processes for ABE
JEROME P. ROMERO, ABE
Part-time Instructor
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
College of Engineering and Food Science

2. PAES 420:2002 Agricultural Structures –
Farm workshop and Machinery Shed
✓ building for fabrication, repair and maintenance of tools,
implements, equipment and parts of structures and provides a
place where tools, supplies and spare parts are stored
✓ shall be situated at least 45 m from other buildings to reduce
fire hazard, to allow for future expansion, and maneuvering
and parking of machinery.
WORKSHOP

3. Occupational Safety and Health Standards
AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)” refers to the
set of Rules issued by the Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE) which mandates the adoption and use of appropriate
practices, means, methods, operations or processes, and working
conditions reasonably necessary to ensure safe and healthful
employment.
RA 11058

4. Health and Safety in an Engineering Shop
✓Engineers are often working with people relying on them for
guidance in a workplace.
✓Students should learn how to follow practices and procedures
that will prevent personal injuries and to others.
✓Develop a good attitude toward safety.
✓Willingness to give time and attention to learning the safest way to
perform each work task.
✓Students must do their best to work carefully and follow the rules
– even when no one is watching.

5. Health and Safety in an Engineering Shop
✓If the rules and directions are followed carefully, many of them
will soon become safety habits that the students will perform
almost automatically.
✓Some experience in an engineering shop does not equal good
safety awareness.
✓Accidents also happen for experienced workers that feel more
comfortable in the shop and therefore become more casual in
their approach to safety guidelines.

6. Image Source:
https://www.ien.com/safety/news/20
827161/teen-injured-in-machine-
shop-accident-dies

7. Image Source: iscrizioni.dietasocial.it ›
russian-man-lathe-accident

8. Image Source:
https://nypost.com/2019/10/09/constr
uction-worker-shoots-himself-with-
nail-gun-tries-to-remove-nail-with-
pliers/

9. SAFETY IN THE SHOP
OBJECTIVE
✓ To protect the workingman against the
dangers of injury sickness or death.
HOW?
✓ By providing suitable working conditions
WHY?
✓ Conservation of manpower resources
✓ Prevention damage to lives and properties.

10. SOME SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
✓STANDARDS AND LAWS
✓OUR EMPLOYEES
✓FACILITIES

11. STANDARDS AND LAWS
✓ Labor Code of the Philippines
✓ Department of Labor and
Employment
✓ Occupational Safety and Health
Center (OSHC)
Image Source:
https://www.dole.gov.ph/php_assets/uploads/2019/04/OSH-Standards-
2017-2.pdf

12. From the Labor Code of the Philippines, Book IV Title I
Chapter II
ART. 168. Safety and health standards.
The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, by
appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory occupational
safety and health standards to eliminate or reduce
occupational safety and health hazards in all workplaces
and institute new, and update existing, programs to ensure
safe and healthful working conditions in all places of
employment.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

13. PROVIDING A SAFER WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
Lighting
Ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)
Safety signs
Machinery guarding
First aid
Fire prevention & electrical codes
Tools and equipment
Structural integrity
Training of personel in occupational safety and health

14. LIGHTING
A minimum of 200 lux (20 foot candles) shall
be provided where moderate discrimination
of details is essential, such as for medium
assembling, rough bench and machine work,
rough inspection of testing of products,
planing of lumber and veneering.

15. VENTILATION
Clean fresh air shall be supplied to enclosed
workplaces at an average rate of not less
than 20 to 40 cubic meters (700 to 1400 cu.
ft.) an hour per worker, or at such a rate as to
effect a complete change of air a number of
times per hour varying from four (4) for
sedentary workers to eight (8) for active
workers.

16. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPEs)
Under rule 1080 of the Labor code of the Philippines, The employer
shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective
equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and
barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of
the process or environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption,
inhalation or physical contact (OSHS).

17. DIRECTIONAL/SAFETY SIGNS
As provided by safety standards.
Directional signs for emergency, CR, Other rooms
Safety reminders near equipment
Other signs for information

18. MACHINE GUARDING
All moving parts of prime movers, transmission equipment and all
dangerous parts of driven machinery shall be effectively guarded,
unless so constructed or located to prevent any person or object from
coming or brought into contact with them (OSHS).

19. FIRST AID
✓ ART. 156. First-aid treatment.
-Every employer shall keep in his establishment such first-aid
medicines and equipment as the nature and conditions of work may
require, in accordance with such regulations as the Department of
Labor and Employment shall prescribe.
✓ The employer shall take steps for the training of a sufficient
number of employees in first-aid treatment. (BOOK IV, Chap.1
HEALTH, SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS)

20. FIRE PREVENTION & ELECTRICAL CODES
✓ Standards for the design and installation of Indoor, outdoor
general storage, sprinkler system and fire protection system shall
be those provided for by Chapter 9 of the Philippine Society of
Mechanical Engineers (PSME) Code.
✓ The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the standards
contained therein shall be considered safety standards to the
extent that they safeguard any person employed in any workplace
and control the practice of electrical engineering (OSHS).
✓ 2.2m-4.2m spacing between sprinklers

21. TOOLS , EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS
✓ Tool keeping and Materials storage
✓ Equipment Maintenance
✓ Other Hazards in the workplace

22. STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
✓ Prevention of building collapse, specially during storms and
earthquakes.
✓ Repair of water damaged parts.
✓ “ A little aesthetics can’t harm anyone…”

23. TRAINING OF PERSONEL IN
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
✓ ART. 210. Adult education. - Every employer shall render
assistance in the establishment and operation of adult education
programs for their workers and employees as prescribed by
regulations jointly approved by the Department of Labor and
Employment and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports.
(Labor Code, Chapter X, Title IV)

24. RECOGNITION AND CONTROL OF
HAZARDS AND RISKS IN THE WORK
PLACE
✓ Hazard recognition
✓ Conducting workplace inspection
✓ Conducting incident investigations
✓ Machine guarding
✓ Preventing back injuries
✓ Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI)

25. SAFETY RULES AND POLICIES IN
THE ENGINEERING SHOP
✓ Always remember that whenever you are working in the shop,
NEVER be afraid to ask the instructor/foreman or technician for help.
NEVER use a new machine without first asking for assistance or
guidance from the person in charge of the class.

26. Safety Dress Code
✓ 1. Students/Trainees working in the shop are required to wear the
following:
(a) closed shoes, preferably safety shoes with non-slip soles and
steel toe caps.
(b) long trousers to reduce the risk of contact with sharp object or
exposure to chemical or sparks
✓ 2. For some activities in the shop, students will be issued
temporarily with personal protective gear such as gloves, goggles,
face visors, etc., the wearing of which will be compulsory if
required by the instructors.

27. 3 Major Causes of Power tool Injuries
1. Inattention Through Repetition
2. Unexpected Events
3. Inexperience and Overconfidence

28. Systems of Units
• The Philippines
adopts the
International
System of Units
(SI) or formerly
the Metric
System.

29. Systems of Units
Old Definition 2019 Definition
The meter is
the length of
the path
travelled by
light in
vacuum during
a time interval
of
1
299,792,458
of
a second
The meter, symbol m, is the SI
unit of length. It is defined by
taking the fixed numerical value
of the speed of light in vacuum
c to be 299792458 when
expressed in the unit
𝑚
𝑠
, where
the second is defined in terms
of the Cesium frequency ∆𝑣𝐶𝑠
.
Image courtesy of https://en.wikipedia.or

30. Systems of Units
Prefix Symbol
Multiplier
(Scientific
Notation) Multiplier
Exa E 1018 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
Peta P 1015 1,000,000,000,000,000
Tera T 1012 1,000,000,000,000
Giga G 109 1,000,000,000
Mega M 106 1,000,000
Kilo k 103 1,000
Hecto H 102 100
Deka da 101 10

31. Systems of Units
Prefix Symbol
Multiplier
(Scientific
Notation) Multiplier
Deci d 10-1 0.1
Centi c 10-2 0.01
Milli m 10-3 0.001
Micro µ 10-6 0.000001
Nano n 10-9 0.000000001
Pico p 10-12 0.000000000001
Femto f 10-15 0.000000000000001
Atto A 10-18 0.000000000000000001

32. Base and Supplementary Unit
PAES 020: 2005: A56

33. Systems of Units
Unit Conversion equivalent
Millimeter (mm) 0.039 Inch (“)
Meter (m) 3.281 Foot (‘)
Inch (“) 25.4 Millimeter (mm)
Foot (‘) 0.305 Meter (m)
Basic Unit to Unit Conversion, Length

34. References
https://www.dole.gov.ph/php_assets/uploads/2019/04/OSH-
Standards-2017-2.pdf
https://www.dole.gov.ph/php_assets/uploads/2017/11/LaborCodeofthe
Philippines20171.pdf
Paras, F., Health and Safety in an Engineering Shop. Agricultural
Machinery Division Institute of Agricultural Engineering CEAT,
UPLB
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 020:
2005 General – Metrication Guidelines
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES
420:2002 Agricultural Structures – Farm workshop and
Machinery Shed

35. Thank you!