21. المخاطر
-
التلوث
2
1
(Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute hepatitis C virus infections attributed to unsafe
injection practices at an endoscopy clinic—Nevada, 2007. MMWR Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 2008;57:513–7.)
44. 4
4
Who, When, Where of Needlestick Injuries
اإلبرة إصابات توقيت يصاب؟ من
In 1/3 of accidents the victim is not
the original user of the device
(1) EPINet
تمريض 44%
طبيب 15%
دم سحب فنى 5%
عامل 5%
جراحة مساعد 5%
مساعد 5%
التقني 4%
سريري مختبر عامل 3%
اخري 14%
اثناء
استخدام
الجهاز
استخدام بعد
قبل و الجهاز
منه التخلص
اثناء
من التخلص
الجهاز
اعاده اثناء
االبره غطاء
45. 4
5
Risks are Everywhere
Blood
Splash
Blood
Exposure
85% of the nurses were subject to
blood exposure during procedure.
67% of the nurses were subject to
blood exposure in patient room
unexpectedly (from bed, pump, or
around the bed)
46. Take the following actions immediately.
1. Wash the wound with soap and water.
2. Inform your supervisor and follow the needle-
stick
injury reporting mechanism of your health
facility.
3. Identify the source patient, who should be
tested
for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections.
Note: tests should be carried out after patient
counselling and consent.
4. Be tested for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C
infections.
5. Read WHO best practices for injections and
related procedures toolkit.
• Source: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/publications/best-practices_toolkit/en/
If you get a needle-stick
injury
56. To eliminate or minimize employee exposure:
– Readily accessible hand washing facilities.
– Contaminated sharps management.
– Keeping food and drink out of the work area.
– Procedures involving blood handling.
– Transport of specimens.
– Contaminated equipment.
57. • Source: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250144/1/9789241549820-eng.pdf?ua=1
2015 WHO policy: key
elements
• Recommendations for transition to auto-disable
(AD), reuse prevention (RUP) or sharps injury
protection (SIP) devices for both immunizations
and therapeutic injections
• Recommendation to develop standards for
rational use and supply of standard disposable
syringes where they remain necessary
• Call to partners to fund procurement of safety
engineered injection devices in all projects
• Call to industry to switch to "safe" syringes
• Call to countries to develop national policies
and implementation strategies, with a special
focus on curative settings
Plunger locks
and breaks
Example of SIP:
needle is covered