In this chapter some of the facts and figures related to rain fall, scarcity of drinking water and water for irrigation (drought), poor chemical quality of the bore well water and poor microbiological quality of the surface water due to water pollution, scarcity of electricity and the solutions for the same are mentioned.

1. Contentsof Section5: Reticularcanal system forInterlinkingIndianRivers.
Chapter2-Facts and figuresrelatedtoIrrigation:
2.1-F&F – Poorrain fall.
2.2-F&F – Waterlevelsinreservoirsindifferentseasons.
2.3-F&F – Notenoughdrinkingwater.
2.4-F&F – Fluorosisdue tobore well water.
2.5-F&F – Nowaterfor irrigation.
2.6-F&F – Overcrowdedpeople tocollectthe waterfromatanker.
2.7-F&F – Protestfordrinkingwater.
2.8-F&F – Lack of rain leadstolowflowof waterin the rivers.
2.9-F&F – Isit possible topreventcyclonestocertainextent?
2.10-F&F – Riverpollutionsandthe moneyspenttocleanthe same.
2.11-F&F – Scarcityof electricity.
2.12-F&F – Scarcityof waterin the campus.
2.13-F&F – Water rationing.
2.14-F&F – Water onlyforfewhoursina day.
2.15-F&F – Percapita energyconsumptioninelectricity.
2.16-F&F – MDG – cleanwaterto the villages.
2.17-F&F – MDG aimsbetterinfrastructure.
2.18-F&F – MDG – Safe drinkingwater.
2.19-F&F – MDG – waterand sanitation.
2.20-F&F – Microbiological andchemical qualityof water.
2.21-F&F – Water andhealthcost.
2.22-F&F – Moneyon providingsafe drinkingwater.
2.23-F&F – Drinkingwaterqualitymonitoring.
2.24-F&F – Highestrainfall.
2.25-F&F – Still peopledependonrainwatercollectedinthe pondsfordomesticuse.
2.26-F&F – Riverpollution.
2.27-F&F – Rainfall insummermonsoon.
Views to make this ‘World’ developed and this
‘Earth’ as the lovely place for every ‘Human’.
SECTION 5
RETICULAR CANAL
SYSTEM FOR

2. INTERLINKING INDIAN
RIVERS
Irrigation – RCS: We need to get what we want as our basic
need. Water is the basic need of the life. RCS, a system to
distribute water to the places we need.
Chapter 2. Facts and figures related to
Irrigation:
2.1. F&F – Poor rain fall.
Source [16]
RCS will supply the water continuously to all the places on needy basis and thus people need not
wait like this.

3. 2.2. F&F – Water levels in reservoirs in different seasons.
Source: News paper.
Source [17]

4. Source [18]
Source [19]
Water will notcome andfill the reservoir in a fraction of seconds; rain is not going to happen like a
flash.The rainingisthe processittakesits own time, and thus the flow of water in its path. Flood is
not the mistake of the nature itis the mistake of the people that we have occupied the place of the
river when it was at rest and we are suffering when the river is active.
All the water which generates in one river basin cannot be stored with any number of reservoirs,
thus we need to leave the water to the sea which exceed the capacity of the reservoir and the
people will not have any benefit out of it.
On the other hand many reservoirs will remain empty waiting for long time for the rain to occur in
itscatchmentarea or for the release of waterstoredatanotherreservoir. Sosupply water to all the
possible placesatthe higherlevel itself, before the water reaches the lower level by assessing the
watergenerationandthe flow,notonly in the reservoirs of the same river basin, but also to all the
river basin. Do the same thing when there is good rain in the other river basin. This is possible by
creating RCS.
Whatevernumberof reservoirsystemwe have today with their maximum capacity is not sufficient
for this population. RCS distributes water to all the rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and to all the
places where ever we want when there is rain at any place which is higher to the place of storage.

5. 2.3. F&F – Not enough drinking water.
Source: News paper.
Fewdecades agoonly the surface water was the source of water, later people learnt to extract the
underground water through open wells. Now, with the advent of technology in the past three to
fourdecadespeople are more dependentonthe underground water through bore well. The recent
developmentismostof the bore wellsare emptybecause we startedusingthe bore well more than
its replenishment. Rain is the major factor which replenishes the surface and underground water
sources. If the rain is insufficient then we need to depend on the water where there is more rain.
And it is also necessary to take measure to increase the rain everywhere like increasing the forest
area.We have alreadydecreasedthe areaof the thickforest which naturally existed for our various
purposes, now if we want them to grow again manually which again needs the water.
RCS will give solution for all these; the surface water we can use as per our demand, the
underground water level will increase everywhere.
2.4. F&F – Fluorosis due to bore well water.
Source: News paper.

6. Source

7. Source [20]
Nothing of this sort will happen with RCS, because all the people will get purified river (Surface)
water for drinking purpose. We need not use the bore wells for any purpose. Surface water is the
safe water with respect to the chemical composition of water is concerned unless it is not
contaminated (Polluted) by the human activity.
2.5. F&F – No water for irrigation.
Source: News paper.
Is itpossible togoodyieldwithmethod?A farmerdoingthistype of manual work and the yield that
he gets with this - is it going to keep him and his family well?
2.6. F&F – Over crowded people to collect the water from a tanker.
Source: News paper.
Situationslike thiswill notoccur due to ‘scarcity of water’ (excluding the problems associated with
the water supply system) with the establishment of RCS.

8. 2.7. F&F – Protest for drinking water.
Source [21]
Populationovergrowthinasmallerarealandaway fromthe source of wateror the demand is more
than the supply done by the nature is the cause for all such types of problems. With the
establishmentof RCSthere will not be any scarcity of water for any reasons. With RCS people need
not protestlike thisforwaterfordomesticpurposes.The watersupply services become better VPA
– MV – MN.

9. 2.8. F&F – Lack of rain leads to low flow of water in the rivers.
Source [22]
WithRCS the people cansownthe seedsat the ideal time and they need not wait for the rain fall to
occur. In thisparticularinstance all the lands which are below 900mts AMSL will get the water from
any one of the tributaryof the riverKaveryif the rain fall in the Kaveri catchment area is less in that
particular year.

10. 2.9. F&F – Is it possible to prevent cyclones to certain extent?
Source [23]
WithRCS the pressure inthe atmosphere overthe landandthe sea becomesthe same andthere will
be the cloudformationevenoverthe landthusthe incidence of cyclones decreases. People may be
living in a safe place away from the water path and forest area in the MV, so that there will not be
any problems with the water of the flood and from the wild animals.
2.10. F&F – River pollutions and the money spent to clean the
same.
[Pure misery.
More than Rs1700 crore has been spent to clean up the Ganga and Yamuna, the first indisputably
India's most sacred and beloved river. Now the new minister for environment and forests, Jairam
Ramesh, has admitted that all of that money has been wasted — the rivers are no cleaner today
than theywere 20 yearsago. He has sanctionedmore money but along with that, the nation would
also like to know what happened to all that money thrown into the rivers for all these years. It is

11. indeed a matter of shame that that which we hold so dear, we consistently treat so badly. Official
cupidity aside, the blame surely applies to us all.
Source [24]
]
Spendinganyamountof moneyforcleaningthe riverswill notsolvethe problem of water pollution
because itisagain goingto contaminate.Itisnecessarytomake sure that no contaminantsenterthe
riverswhichare releasedfromthe villagesandthe cities present in the catchment area of the river.
Andthisprocessshouldcontinue andsustainwiththisincreasedpopulationinthe future also.Thisis
possible with the formation of VPA – MV – MN.
2.11. F&F – Scarcity of electricity.
Source [25]
With RCS adequate amount of power can be generated and can be supplied to all the parts of the
nationthroughnationwide grids. These electricitygeneration stations are created along the course
of RCS, at all the possible places where we get optimum height of fall of water from PC to SC in
thousands of numbers with better capacity to produce the electricity.

12. 2.12. F&F – Scarcity of water in the campus.

13. Source [26]
All the places will sufficient water for all the purposes with RCS.
2.13. F&F – Water rationing.
Source [27]

14. It isnot necessarytorestrictthe usage of waterwithRCS,all will getsufficientwaterbut we need to
avoid the water going waste. Underground water level will rise and all the bore wells will provide
sufficient water.
2.14. F&F – Water only for few hours in a day.
[Most cities supply water only a few hours a day and none provides 24hour water. A World Bank
reportsays itis an institutional problem in water agencies, or "how the agency is embedded in the
relationships between politics and the citizens who are the consumers." Only 13% of sewage is
treated according to one estimate, leaving rivers and other water resources under severe strain.
Some 700 million Indians do not have access to a proper toilet. Source [28]
]
All the villages and cities will get adequate supply of water for domestic use through RCS. The
sewage and sullage water generated in the village will be treated and used within the 100 square
kilometers of area that is the VPA limit. The VPA will treat the gas, liquid and solid waste in an
appropriate mannerandthe liquid generated will be used to irrigate the tree plantation meant for
usingthistreatedwaste water and the metals and the plastics will be recycled in a proper manner,
within the VPA limit. Thus no waste will be released in to the natural or artificial water path ways.
2.15. F&F – Per capita energy consumption in electricity.
[Growth in per capita income raises India's rank.
PRESS TRUST OF INDIA.
JUNE 30:
Per capita energy consumption improved from 173 kilowatt hours in 1980 to 482 kilowatt hours in
1997 while the country consumed 465,867 million of kilowatt hours in 1997. Source [29]
]
We will be able to generate more than adequate electricity with RCS.
2.16. F&F – MDG – clean water to the villages.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Keya Acharya; It is ‘nearly impossible’ to monitor a centralized water system in India.
India has committed to the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals (MDG), officially
adoptedin2002 by 189 countries.The eightMDGs range from halving, by 2015, extreme poverty to
ensuring environmental sustainability. Progress is being actively tracked.
It iswithinthe goal of environmental sustainability that the issue of drinking-water and sanitation
has come intofocus in India. Beyond committing to halving by 2015, the numbers in India who lack
access to safe water and sanitation, India is also a signatory to the U.N. International Year of
Sanitation 2008.

15. The concern isthat the racing towardsfulfillingthe MDG of supplyingdrinking-water to all is coming
at an unduly heavy price. Granted, we have to race towards providing water to all 61 years after
independence, but we need to ensure that it is sustainably achieved. Source [30]
]
RCS will supply clean water to all the villages. With MV, it is possible to establish one water
purification centre in each MV. MV will also look in to the aspect that the water in the natural and
the artificial waterpathwaysare notgoingto contaminate withthe waste watergenerated from the
villages and industries.
2.17. F&F – MDG aims better infrastructure.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Government efforts
Initial governmenteffortstoprovide drinking-waterlookedat infrastructure, such as laying of pipes
and handpumps,which turned in the 1970-80s to financial assistance to States for technology. The
RajivGandhi National DrinkingWaterMission,inforce since 1991 has now morphed into the Bharat
Nirman programme for integrated development of roads, electricity, telephone, irrigation and
drinking-water infrastructure.
Effortsat sanitationtooklonger,withthe Total SanitationCampaign(1999) aimingto eradicate open
defecation by 2010. Key intervention areas are household latrines and sanitation-education for
schools.
With India’s commitment to the MDGs, the budget outlay for the entire spectrum spurted from
16,711 crores in 1992-97 to 39,538 crores in 1997-2002 and 42,000 crores in the 10th Plan till 2007.
Source [30]
]
Roads, electricity, telephone, irrigation and drinking-water infrastructure becomes automatically
better with RCS – CRS – CRTS – MV - MN.
2.18. F&F – MDG – Safe drinking water.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Current achievements
The statisticsshowsignificant progress. By 2005, 94 per cent of rural populations and 91 per cent of
urban areas had access to safe drinking water, up from 68.2 per cent in the 2001 census.
Governmentdatashows1.27 millionof the total 1.42 millionrural habitationsare fullycovered,0.13
millionare partiallycoveredand15, 917 habitationsare notcovered.The 11th Plan aims to cover all
households.
Forty-eightpercentof rural populations have access to toilets, with the Total Sanitation Campaign
operational in578 of India’s600 rural districts,aimingtoachieve full coverageby 2012, ahead of the
MDG’s scheduled 2015. (UNICEF) Source [30]
]

16. With RCS, it is possible to achieve the safe water concept not only in terms of microbiological
parameters, but also in chemical parameters. Bore well water may be good in terms of
bacteriological quality, may not be in terms of chemical quality.
2.19. F&F – MDG – water and sanitation.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
And current reality
Water aidIndia,however,saysthe statisticsstemmore fromphysical infrastructurethanfromactual
functioning. A 2006 World Bank report notes that piped, treated water is available only for short
period’sdaily,leavingpoorpopulationsvulnerable toothergenerallypollutedsources. Hand-pumps
may take months to repair, latrines do not get used for their purpose while blocked sewers and
dysfunctional pumping-stations are familiar occurrences in urban areas. Source [30]
]
With RCS and MV, the physical infrastructure and the actual functioning become better and it is
possible tosupplythe safe waterfor all the population all the time. All the houses will have better
sanitaryfacilities.Peoplewillnotbe usingthe bore well waterif,itschemical qualityisnotgood.The
people who maintain these entire infrastructures will be available in the village itself.
2.20. F&F – Microbiological and chemical quality of water.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Water quality
But the most seriousmalfunctioninIndia’swater-supplysystemisitshazardous quality and gigantic
cost to human health and our exchequer. Consider this: India ranks 120th out 122 countries in
potable water-quality.
In 2005, a Central Pollution Control Board countrywide survey found 66 per cent of samples had
unacceptable organic values, while 44 per cent had coli form, occurring generally from faeces.
Chemical contamination through over-exploitation of groundwater, resulting in excessive iron,
nitrates,arsenicandfluoride isequally widespread. Even more disturbing is that 80 per cent of the
government’ssupplyisdependent on this groundwater. Arsenic contamination is now grim reality
in, ironically, almost the entire Gangetic belt not withstanding its ample rivers while fluoride
contaminated drinking-water similarly affects 20 States. Source [30]
]
The quality of the water supplying system becomes better with RCS and MV. The cost involved in
providingthe safe waterwill decrease asthe numberof village’sdecreasesfromsix lakh to less than
twentythousand;thusthe pipe line involvedin conducting the safe water will drastically decrease.
Indiawill top the countries in potable water quality with the establishment of MV. It is possible to
supply the water with acceptable organic value and microbiological value with MV. Ground water
will be used only when its quality is good.

17. 2.21. F&F – Water and health cost.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Health cost
Notsurprisingly,we now have a huge health problem. Around 37. 7 million people are affected by
waterborne diseases annually (viral hepatitis, cholera, jaundice, typhoid are examples) while 1.5
million children die from diarrhea alone every year. Ten million people are vulnerable to cancers
fromexcessive arsenicand another66 millionare facingrisk of fluorosis, now endemic in 17 States.
Fluorosisisaffectingfuture generations too through pregnant mothers whose anemia is caused by
fluorosis, says the Delhi-based Fluorosis Research and Rural Development Foundation. Anemia
produces low birth-weight babies who in turn manifest their mothers’ nutritional deficiencies
through physical and mental deformities. The organization has data of high fluoride-levels in
drinking-waterinvillageswithaprevalence of deformedchildrenfrom Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand,
Assam and Uttar Pradesh.
The healthimpactsof drinking-waterwithotherenvironmental pollutants such as industrial wastes
have not even been properly studied yet. Source [30]
]
All the waterborn diseaseslike viral hepatitis, cholera, jaundice, typhoid, diarrhea, and others can
be preventedwithRCS – MV,where the RCS will provide continuousandadequate supplyof potable
waterfor purificationinwater purification centre, MV will have better infrastructure for supplying
the waterto all the people.The chemical quality will also be good with RCS, as it is rain fed surface
water, thus the incidence of diseases like cancers, fluorosis, anemia, and so on. With VPA – MV –
MN, it ispossible make all the pollutantswill be treatedinthe VPA limititself anditwill be recycled,
including the wastes generated from the industries.
2.22. F&F – Money on providing safe drinking water.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
Cost to the exchequer
Indiahas spentanestimatedRs.1,105 billiononprovidingsafe drinking water. The World Bank says
meeting the MDG target in urban areas requires another approximate 925 billion for the 11th and
12th plans and recurrent expenditures of similar amount.
Meeting the MDG target in rural areas requires approximately Rs.700 billion for the 11th and 12th
Plans, with similar recurrent expenditure.
Yet the economic burden from ‘bad’ drinking water remains enormous. Nearly 73 million working
days and approximately 2400 crores are lost every year due to illness. The poor, who are the most

18. vulnerable since they cannot afford to buy potable water, spend approximately 6700 crores on
treatment of water-borne diseases.
Mr. Bharat Lal, director of DDWS and Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission admits that
waterqualityhasbeen secondary to providing access and that monitoring the impact of that water
subsequently“isnothappening.”He alsosaysthere ishardlyany trainedstaff to checkfor pollutants
like arsenic and fluoride.
In fact, outside of just four water-testing laboratories and the Fluorosis Research Foundation in
Delhi, Gujarat is the only State currently establishing a regional monitoring network. The State’s
additional director of family welfare, Vikas Desai, rues that it is “ultimately ‘health’ [health
department] thathasto deal withthe outcome of an essentiallyenvironmental problem.” Source [30]
]
It ispossible toconstructmostof the MV, withthe money,already spent on providing safe drinking
water in urban and rural areas, the economic burden from ‘bad’ drinking water and its impact on
workingdaysand illness,recurrentexpenditure forsimilarthings. It is possible to assess the quality
of the waterperiodicallywithMV.The healthdepartmentwillhave fewerburdensasthe people are
not sufferingfromthe waterborne disease withgoodsupplyof drinking water to the people by the
RCS and good maintenance by the MV. Continuous and adequate supply of water to the water
purificationcentre isvital,otherwise the water purification centre itself will be contaminated, and
the continuous and adequate supply of water will be done by the RCS. Water testing laboratories
can be created in all the VPA. The health department will have fewer burdens, as most of the
diseases are prevented at the initial steps of disease spreading process.
2.23. F&F – Drinking water quality monitoring.
[MDG and India’s drinking water: racing ahead at what cost?
What to do?
The challenge is huge, but we have no choice but tackle it.
The success of the recently-launched National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and
Surveillance Programme hinges on coordination with the numerous agencies involved in water
supply. As Mr. Lal points out, it is ‘nearly impossible’ to monitor a centralized water system in a
country this large.
However, dependence on central financing for water schemes could well be leveraged for
surveillance-commitments from States. NGOs too need to get involved.
(Keya Acharya is a journalist specializing in environment and development issues.) Source [30]
]
DrinkingWaterQualityMonitoringandSurveillance Programme becomesone of the routines in the
VPA,andit will be done inthe laboratoriesattachedtothe VPA,andthe VPA will identify the causes
for any change in quality of water and it will rectify immediately.

19. 2.24. F&F – Highest rain fall.
[India statistics, facts and figures various world records;
- * world record of highest monthly rainfall: 9,300 mm at Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, July 1861
[GBoWR]
Source [31]
]
Thisenormousfall of rainincherrapunji isnow joiningthe river Brahmaputra and then in to the Bay
of Bengal.Butwiththe creationof PC4, this water can be utilized on the land in useful ways, which
are below the level of 300 mts AMSL, till the south tip of the nation Kanyakumari in south and
Rajasthan - Gujarath in the west.
2.25. F&F – Still people depend on rain water collected in the ponds
for domestic use.
Source [32]
Village in India, which is not planned, in terms of safe drinking water and drainage; Poor over
crowded houses, unplanned roads, unplanned sanitary sanitation system, dependency on the
stagnantnon flowingwaterfordomesticpurpose will lead to disease and its consequences on the
economy.
2.26. F&F – River pollution.
[Most polluted river in India: Yamuna (July 2003) Source [31]
]
WithVPA – MV – MN, all the wasteswill be treated in a proper way and the products are recycled,
the waterwhichis going to generate afterthe treatment of sewage – sullage – industrial effluents
will be made to irrigate the tree plantation mean for it and it will not be left in to the natural or
artificial water pathways.
2.27. F&F – Rain fall in summer monsoon.
[Percentage of rainduring 4 months summer monsoon: 80 % of yearly rainfall in India. Source [31]
]
The rain whichisgoingto occur in the fourmonthsof summermonsoonwill be effectively utilized
to fill all the dams of the nation, all the FPCs, as the FPC will also act as the reservoir in RCS. This

20. water can be utilized till it get exhausted and later the ever flowing rivers like Ganga – Yamuna –
Brahmaputra rivers will feed the RCS in all the time.
Sources:
[16] Times of India News paper, Page number 1, dated 25.06.09.
[17] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 28.06.09.
[18] Times of India News paper, Page number6, dated 1.07.09.
[19] Times of India News paper, Page number2, dated 26.6.2009.
[20] Times of India News paper, Page number 4, dated 30.6.09.
[21] Times of India News paper, Page number5, dated 15.5.09.
[22] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 1.7.09.
[23] Times of India News paper, Page number6, dated 28.05.09.
[24] www.3dsyndication.com. DNA-Bangalore 20.7.9, Page number 12.
[25] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 30.6.09.
[26] Times of India News paper, dated 30.06.09.
[27] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 1.07.09.
[28] Economy of India. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This page was last modified on 22
February 2009, at 23:16.
[29] Copyright© 2000 IndianExpressNewspapers(Bombay) Ltd.Growthinper capita income raises
India's rank.mht.
[30] The Hindu Opinion - News Analysis MDG and India’s drinking water racing ahead at what
cost.mht.
[31] Internet: India statistics facts and figures neoncarrot travelog.
[32] Google earth.