The document discusses several topics related to infant development and care, including:
1) Establishing trust is an important developmental task for infants, which arises from caregivers consistently meeting the infant's needs for food, warmth, and comfort.
2) Parents can promote infant safety by being aware of hazards like falls, suffocation, drowning, and ensuring car seats and safety gates are used properly.
3) Breastmilk is recommended as the best source of nutrition for infants in the first year, supplemented with formula if needed. Solid foods should be introduced around 6 months when infants show signs of readiness.
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, TIME TO START COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF EARLY AND DELAYED FEEDING.
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or another mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk. The process takes place only in mammals, as only mammals produce milk.
COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, TIME TO START COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF EARLY AND DELAYED FEEDING.
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or another mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk. The process takes place only in mammals, as only mammals produce milk.
Baby Food: The Art and Science of Solid Food and Nutrition in the First Year ...Lisa Watson
Introducing solid food to baby is an exciting time! Learn when, how and what to offer your baby based on current research on allergy prevention and the nutritional needs of infants.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Watson, ND - a naturopathic doctor practicing in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
In this Quotation Slide, i wished to summarise one chapter, in doing so i suggest this open source textbook for any medical students; Infant and Young Child Feeding
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or another mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.The process takes place only in mammals, as only mammals produce milk.
Weaning is when a baby transitions from breast milk to other sources of nourishment. When to wean is a personal decision. Moms may be influenced by a return to work, her health or the baby's, or simply a feeling that the time is right.
Weaning a baby is a gradual process that calls for patience and understanding from both you and your child.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Baby Food: The Art and Science of Solid Food and Nutrition in the First Year ...Lisa Watson
Introducing solid food to baby is an exciting time! Learn when, how and what to offer your baby based on current research on allergy prevention and the nutritional needs of infants.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Watson, ND - a naturopathic doctor practicing in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
In this Quotation Slide, i wished to summarise one chapter, in doing so i suggest this open source textbook for any medical students; Infant and Young Child Feeding
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or another mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.The process takes place only in mammals, as only mammals produce milk.
Weaning is when a baby transitions from breast milk to other sources of nourishment. When to wean is a personal decision. Moms may be influenced by a return to work, her health or the baby's, or simply a feeling that the time is right.
Weaning a baby is a gradual process that calls for patience and understanding from both you and your child.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Department of Homeland Security Report- Lessons Learned Using Social Media Du...Mark Rybchuk
What did local governments learn about using social media during a crisis and how did it help serve residents during an emergency? HootSuite Enterprise is referenced on page 33 as one of the key assets the City of New York used during this emergency.
The journey of parenting is one filled with all the little joys, but also one that has its challenges and milestones. Of all those, one of the most awaited and eagerly anticipated milestones is the introduction of Baby’s First Solid Foods.
As your little one reaches the age of five or six months, it’s time to start thinking about introducing semi-solid foods into his or her diet. Before then, mother’s milk is the best food for a baby.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Infancy
1. PROMOTING ACHIEVEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
• Erikson 1986 proposed that the developmental task of the infant
period is to form a sense of TRUST. When the infant is hungry, a
parent feeds and makes him comfortable again. When she is wet,
the father changes her and makes her dry.
• When cold, the mother holds and warms him. By this process,
an infant learns to trust that when he or she has a need or is in
distress, a person will come to meet that need.
• A synonym for Trust is LOVE. By the way that infants handled,
fed, talk to and held, they learn to love and be loved.
• Infants who have numerous caregivers, to may be fed one day
on a rigid schedule and the next only when they are hungry, who
sometimes are treated roughly and sometimes gently, can have
difficulty learning to trust anyone.
2. • It is important for people to establish the ability to love, or
trust, early in life because development is sequential.
• How do parents encourage a sense of trust in an infant?
• Trust arises primarily from a sense of confidence that no one
knows what is coming next. It is imply to establishing some
schedule. For example, breakfast, bath, play time, nap, lunch,
walk outside, quiet play time, dinner, story and bed time.
• This gentle rhythm of care gives infants a sense of being able
to predict what is going to happen and feel that life has some
consistency.
3. Promoting Infant Safety
A. General
Know the whereabouts of infants at all times
Be aware that the frequency of accidents is increased when
parents are under stress. Take special precautions at these times.
Choose babysitters carefully and explain and enforce all
precautions when sitters are in charge.
B. Aspiration
Be certain any object that an infant can grasp and bring to the
mouth is either safe to eat or too big to fit in the mouth.
Inspect toys and pacifier for small parts that could be aspirated if
broken off; don’t make home-made pacifiers.
4. C. Falls
Never leave an infant on an unprotected surface.
Place a gate at the top and bottom of the stairways; don’t allow
the infant to walk with a sharp object in the hands or mouth.
raise crib rails and make sure they are locked before walking
away from the crib.
Don’t leave a child unattended in a high chair; avoid using an
infant walker.
D. Motor Vehicle
Never transport unless an infant is buckled into an infant car seat
in the back seat of the car.
Don’t be distracted by an infant while driving.
Don’t leave an infant unattended in a parked car.
5. E. Suffocation
Allow no plastic bags within infant’s reach.
Don’t use pillows in a crib.
Store unused appliances such as refrigerators or stoves with the
doors removed.
Buy a crib that is approved for safety .
Remove constricting clothing such as a bib from neck at bedtime.
F. Drowning
Don’t leave infants alone in a bathtub or unsupervised near
water.
G. Animal Bites
Don’t allow an infant to approach a strange dog; supervise play
with family pets.
6. H. Poisoning
Never present medication as a candy.
Buy medications in containers with safety caps; put away
immediately after use.
Never take medications in front of the infants.
Never leave medication in a pocket or handbag.
Use no lead-based paint in any area of the home.
Hang plants or set on high surfaces.
I. Burns
Test warmth of formula and food before feeding
Do not smoke or drink hot liquids while holding or caring for
infant
Use a sunscreen on a child over 6 months when out in direct or
indirect sunlight
Monitor infants carefully near candles. Don’t leave infants un
supervised near hot-water faucets.
Keep electrical wires and cords out of reach.
7. Promoting Nutritional Health of the Infant
• The best food for infant during the first twelve months of life (and the only
food necessary for the first six months) is breast milk. With breastfeeding,
as long as the mother is ingesting an adequate diet, no additional
supplements such as added Iron or Vitamins are necessary, except for
Fluoride if it is not included in the water supply. If the infant will not be
receiving exposure to sunshine, Vitamin D may also be prescribe.
• Prolonged breastfeeding into the pre-school period is not usually
recommended because it may impair child growth.
• For infants whose mothers choose not to breastfeed, a commercial iron-
fortified formula may be used.
• Infants who are changed to cow’s milk before one year of age should
receive supplementary of Vitamin C to make up for the deficiency of
vitamin C in cow’s milk. The introduction of cow’s milk before 1 year is not
recommended because it may lead to such intestinal irritation that slight
but continues gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, resulting in anemia.
8. Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for the Infant
The entire first year of life is one of rapid growth, requiring a high protein,
high calorie intake. Calorie allowances can be reduce during the year from a
level of 120 per kilogram of body weight at birth to approximately 100kg of
body weight at the end of the first year.
It is important that the number of calories be gradually reduced this way
during the first year otherwise, babies tend to become overweight.
9. Introducing Solid Food
• From a nutritional standpoint, a normal full – term infant can thrive on a
commercial iron-fortified formula or breast milk without the addition of
any solid food until age 6months.
• Generally speaking, an infant is physiologically ready for solid food when
he or she is taking more than 32oz (960mL) of formula a day and does
not seem satisfied, or is nursing vigorously every 3 to 4 hours and does
not seem satisfied. Infants are not ready to digest complex starches until
amylase is present in saliva at approximately 2 to 3 months. Chewing
movements do not begin until 7 to 9 months.
10. Loss of Extrusion Reflex
• The extrusion reflex is a life saving reflex that prevents an infant from
swallowing or aspirating foreign objects that touch the mouth. The reflex
fades at 3 to 4 months.
Quantities and Types of Food
• Children take different quantities of food according to their preferences
and needs. A newborn stomach can hold approximately 2 tablespoons
(30mL). At 1 year, the stomach can hold approximately 1 cup (240mL). For
this reason, when they begin eating solid food, infants rarely take more
than 2 tablespoon (30mL) at a time.
o CEREAL – the first food generally given to infants with B vitamins
and iron.
11. • Vegetables and Fruit – vegetables are usually the second
food added to the diet (at approximately age 7 months). Fruit is usually
offered 1 month after beginning vegetables (at approximately age 8
months).
• Meat and Eggs– Meat is usually introduced at 9 months and Egg
yolks at 10 moths.
• Table Food – with the introduction of solid food, parents should
arrange for their child to be eating three meals a day, if that is the family’s
pattern, and to join the family at the table.
12. Establishing Healthy Eating Pattern
• Some parents may need reminders that there are no hard and fast rules
for infant feeding. The rules are only guidelines based on what seems to
work well with the majority of infants.
• Parents should individualize their approach according to the cues their
child giving them for readiness.
• A child who adapts to change poorly may have difficulty accepting the first
solid food and may have difficulty with each new food.
• Most infants eat hungrily. Thus, feeding problems generally are reported
more frequently as a second year or toddler problem that an infant
concern.
• An infant who is fatigue and over stimulated may not eat well.
13. Weaning
• Infants are capable for approximating their lips to a cup effectively and controlling the
flow at about 9 months of age.
• The sucking reflex begins to diminish in intensity between ages six months and nine
months, which makes this the time to consider weaning.
• Infants usually need more fluid during hot weather that cold weather because of
increase perspiration.
Self feeding
• At approximately six months of age, infants become interested in handling a spoon and
beginning to feed themselves. However, they are much more adept at feeding
themselves with their fingers.
Promoting Adequate Intake with a Vegetarian Diet
• The infant eating a vegetarian diet should be continue to breastfed or ingest an Iron
fortified, balanced, commercial formula for the entire first year.
• If a milk allergy is present, a soy base formula can be used.
• Solid foods are added at 6 months, an assortment of foods should be provided, including
vegetables such as avocados, potatoes, broccoli; fruits such as apples, prunes, (high in
iron) and bananas; infant’s cereal; tofu; wheat germ; legumes; brewer’s yeast and
synthetic vitamin D.
Editor's Notes
Be certain any object that an infant can grasp and bring to the mouth is either safe to eat or too big to fit in the mouth. Inspect toys and pacifier for small parts that could be aspirated if broken off; don’t make home-made pacifiers.