Salman Rushdie is a famous British Indian author who was born in 1947. He has written over 15 novels and won the Booker Prize in 1981 for his novel Midnight's Children. However, he is best known for the fatwa, or death warrant, placed on him in 1989 by Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini in response to his controversial novel The Satanic Verses. Rushdie was forced to go into hiding for over a decade under police protection due to assassination attempts in response to the fatwa. The fatwa and assassination attempts had a chilling effect on freedom of expression globally.