Rural housing and Chhattisgarh, India
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“Housing for all” is an important national agenda of the Government of India. The Rural population accounts for nearly 68% of the country's total population and are the backbone of the country's economy. There is a shortage of 3.9 crore units (90 per cent of the rural housing shortage) that pertains to the Below Poverty Line. CSIR – CBRI, through its affiliation with the Ministry of Rural Development and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has contributed in the development of improved low cost rural housing typologies for thirteen states of India. This presentation displays the typologies developed for the state of Chhattisgarh.
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Rural housing and Chhattisgarh, India
- 1. RURAL HOUSING AND CHHATTISGARH DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED HOUSING TYPOLOGIES BY CSIR-CBRI IN PMAY-G - Swati Kulashri
- 2. 133.5 Crore India’s population 90.8 Crore Rural Population 4.37 Crores Rural Housing shortage 0 10 20 30 40 50 Rural housing shortage PMAY-G by 2019 Rural housing scenario in Million C U R R E N T R U R A L H O U S I N G S C E N A R I O I N I N D I A
- 3. Capital: Raipur Area: 135,198 km2 (52,200.4sq mi) Total Population: 27.93 million (Census 2011) Rural Population: 19.61 million (76.76%) Districts: 27 C H H A T T I S G A R H Z O N I N G
- 4. C H H A T T I S G A R H Z O N I N G
- 5. •IS 8888 – Low income Housing, •IS 1080 – Shallow foundations, •IS 1905 – Brick and Block masonry, •IS 4326 EQ resistant design (including CSIR-CBRI developed building systems) •IS 15498 Cyclone resistant Housing •IS 9096 Preservation of bamboo for structural purposes, •IS 6874 Test for round Bamboo •IS 4920 Nail jointed timber Truss • IS 875 Wind loads on buildings and structures •IS15912 – Structural Design using Bamboo, •IS 456 – Design of RCC members •CSIR-CBRI published Building Research Notes •Handbook on Earthquake resistant design and construction of Non-engineered Houses •The National Building Code (NBC) of India •Guidelines for Development & Building Construction including safety provisions for Natural Hazards in Rural Areas B I S C O D E S I N D I A
- 6. Z O N E A Foundation: Rammed Earth Walling: Cob wall Roofing: Tiles on timber rafters Timber, Bamboo, Fired brick, Thatch Cold winters; Seismic zone II, III Zone: A E X I S T I N G T Y P O L O G I E S0 1 & 02 TYPOLOGY 01 Foundation: Rammed Earth Walling: Wattle & daub wall Roofing: Woven reed mats TYPOLOGY 02
- 7. Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 1 Foundation: Brick masonry Walling: Brick column and Cob Roofing: Timber TrussF L O O R P L A N
- 8. Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 1 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 9. Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 1
- 10. Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 2 Foundation: Pre cast holders Walling: Wattle and daub Roofing: Bamboo Truss F L O O R P L A N
- 11. Bamboo Truss I M P R O V E D B A M B O O T E C H N I Q U E S
- 12. S E C T I O N A A’ Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 2 F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 13. Z O N E A I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 2
- 14. Z O N E B E X I S T I N G T Y P O L O G I E S0 3 & 04 Foundation: Adobe stabilized Walling: Adobe wall Roofing: Tiles on timber rafters Cob, Stone, Fired clay, Timber Moderate Zone: B TYPOLOGY 03 TYPOLOGY 04 Foundation: Adobe stabilized Walling: Adobe wall Roofing: Tiles on timber rafters
- 15. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 3 Foundation: Rubble masonry Walling: Adobe & Rat trap Roofing: Bamboo TrussF L O O R P L A N
- 16. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 3 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 17. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 3
- 18. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 4 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Rubble masonry Walling: Adobe & Rat trap Roofing: Bamboo Truss
- 19. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 4 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 20. Z O N E B I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 4
- 21. Z O N E C E X I S T I N G T Y P O L O G I E S0 5 & 06 Foundation: Adobe stabilized Walling: Adobe wall Roofing: Compressed corrugated bamboo mat sheet Burnt Clay Moderate Zone: C TYPOLOGY 05 TYPOLOGY 06 Foundation: Adobe stabilized Walling: Adobe wall Roofing: Woven reed mats
- 22. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 5 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Brick Walling: Adobe & Rat trap Roofing: Bamboo Truss
- 23. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 5 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 24. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 5
- 25. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 6 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Brick Walling: Rat trap masonry Roofing: Bamboo Truss
- 26. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 6 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 27. Z O N E C I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 6
- 28. Z O N E D E X I S T I N G T Y P O L O G I E S0 7 & 08 Foundation: Stone in mud mortar Walling: Stone rubble in mud mortar Roofing: Corrugated bamboo mat Stone, Bamboo, Mud Moderate Zone: D TYPOLOGY 07 TYPOLOGY 08 Foundation: Stone in mud mortar Walling: Stone rubble in mud mortar Roofing: Corrugated bamboo mat
- 29. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 7 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Rubble masonry Walling: Stone Block masonry Roofing: Bamboo Truss
- 30. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 7 S E C T I O N A A’ F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S
- 31. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 7
- 32. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 8 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Rubble masonry Walling: Stone block masonry Roofing: Bamboo Truss
- 33. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 8 F R O N T & S I D E E L E V A T I O N S S E C T I O N A A’
- 34. Z O N E D I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 8
- 35. Z O N E A L L E X I S T I N G T Y P O L O G Y 0 9 Foundation: Brick Walling: Brick masonry Roofing: Compressed bamboo mat Timber, Bamboo, Mud Moderate Zone: ALL
- 36. Z O N E A L L I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 9 F L O O R P L A N Foundation: Brick/ Stone /Block Walling: Brick columns and Cob Roofing: Timber/ Bamboo Truss
- 37. Z O N E A L L I M P R O V E D T Y P O L O G Y 0 9 S E C T I O N A A’
- 38. T H A N K Y O U
Editor's Notes
- “Housing for all” is an important national agenda of the Government of India. The Rural population account for nearly 68 per cent of the country's total population and are the backbone of the country's economy. 3.9 crore units (90 per cent of the rural housing shortage) pertain to the BPL CSIR – CBRI, through its projects has contributed in each of the above areas. PMAY-G was launched by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in Agra on 20th November 2016. Under this, the affordable housing scheme, central government aims to develop 3 Crore homes by the year 2022 in rural areas for poor families including BPL.
- Zone A - The falling of temperatures close to zero degree has resulted in the larger widths of walls for optimal thermal comfort. Large parts of the zone have dense deciduous forests, which makes accessibility of certain forest resources easier. Most of this zone falls in the Seismic Zones II except for 3 districts which are under Zone III. Zone B - Comprises of the foothills of the Maikal- Satpura mountain range and plains of Mahanadi river system. The western half of the zone is mainly forest in the foothills and eastern half is the Mahanadi river basin plains with more urban areas. The eastern part of the zone is highly urbanized comprising of urban centers like Bilapur and Rajnandgaon. The region has influences from both the abutting zones of A & C. Zone C - Largest zone of the state, both area wise and population wise. The zone is formed by the fertile plains of Mahandai river system basin. Soil for making bricks and mud walls is easily available. It has humid sub-tropical composite type of climate. The temperature ranges between 5oC to 48o C annually. The zone is the most urbanized and connected area of the state. Aspirations are high and influenced by the urban areas. People make brick houses with mud mortar; also a lot of people hire masons for the construction. Zone D - The Indravati-Dantewada-Gollapal plateau forms the zone. It also comprises of Bastar and Albka hills. The zone is rich in natural resources and minerals. Stone is easily available and is the most prevalent building material. Bricks are relatively expensive and difficult to access in remote locations as connectivity is poor. Mud mortar is extensively used. It has dense forest in most of its region. Due to dense forests the zone is sparsely populated. It is one of the poorest regions of the country.
- Stone Masonry Blocks: for hills and stone abundant areas Solid Concrete Blocks: for hills and stone abundant areas – mass production RC Plank and RC Joist roof: Alternative of RCC slab flat roof Brick Panel and RC Joist: Alternative of RCC slab flat roof – where bricks are cheap Precast Channel Unit roof : Alternative of RCC slab flat roof C-bricks: Alernative of clay bricks near flyash resource Rat-trap Bond Ferrocement Channels: Alternative of RCC slab roof MCR Roofing tiles: Alternative of country/ Mangalore pattern tiles CSMB blocks: Alternate to burnt bricks in low rainfall regions, C.S. 40kg/cm ² Stone roofing on RC joist/RSJ: If roofing stone is available
- Foundation: Brick/ Block/ Stone foundation with concrete apron for plinth protection Walling: Brick columns with central reinforcement, cob walls with ferrocement plaster, Lintel & Roof beams and plinth band Roofing: Timber truss on tiles and timber tie to support mezzanine. Roof over hang max 450mm
- Compressed corrugated bamboo mat sheets