Running head: RESEARCH TOPICS 1
Research topics: 4
RESEARCH TOPICS 5
Research Topics
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
July 13, 2017
Topic 1: Should funding for the U.S space program be changed?
Government should not reduce funds that support space programs. Space exploration protects us from asteroids. We need a well-funded space program which must have the capacity to monitor asteroids which have potential to destroy earth. Space program brings great discoveries. Space research has brought many innovations that are used in everyday life (Steinberg, 2011). Again, it inspires younger generation to specialize in scientific courses or science education. Again, we need to colonize space since we have experienced enough damage here on earth as a result of space effects. Earth currently contains almost 6.9 billion people we need to put all these people somewhere hence colonizing space is the big dream (McCurdy, 2011).
Space administration is one of the programs that U.S government has decided it cannot continue funding. United States government does not believe that space programs are worthy more than 0.5 percent of the United States budget. The government decided to cut down money directed to space program in order to reduce deficit and also boost the economy. In this case, resources that are directed into space program are investment that can stimulate and improve economy. The most crucial reason why space program must be funded is defense. Specifically, the whole planet and all species need protection from space threats (Steinberg, 2011).
The audience will be all stakeholders including government officials, scientists, science students and any other interested party.
Topic 2: Should taxes on alcohol and tobacco be increased to help pay for rising medical costs?
Increasing taxes on tobacco and alcohol will reduce diseases which are curable United State. According to the CDCP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), alcohol and smoking causes about 443,000 deaths per year. Doctors estimates that about 44.8 million drunkards and smokers will prematurely die of drug related complication. Drunkards and Smokers are more likely to suffer from heart related diseases (Collins et al 2008). Low levels or quantities of tobacco also increase risks of poor cardiac performance. Alcohol and smoking contents increases risks of stroke to users, pregnancy problems and premature births.
Many policy makers argue that, tax increase on tobacco would be regressive. The centre part of their argument is that, low income earners tend to smoke more which increase ...
Disability in Older Adults comprises public domain material frAlyciaGold776
Disability in Older Adults comprises public domain material from the National Institutes of Health.
http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/Pdfs/DisabilityinOlderAdults(NIA).pdf
Disability in Older Adults
FACT SHEET - Disability in Older Adults
National Institutes of Health
Updated October 2010
1
Yesterday
Thirty years ago, America was steadily aging. In 1980,
approximately 26.1 million people were 65 years of age or
older, compared with 3 million in 1900. And Americans
were living notably longer than they had in the past –
average life expectancy for a child born in 1980 was 73.7
years, up from 47.3 years in 1900. Disability was on the
rise among older people. Studies from the 1970s and early
1980s pointed to modest increases in the prevalence of
disability. For example, in 1976, 4.8 million older people
reported limitations in the number or kinds of major
activities they could undertake.
It was widely believed that aging invariably brought with it
frailty and loss of independence. One study, for example,
predicted that technology would save people’s lives, but
still leave them disabled and an increasing burden on
society. However, groundbreaking research from projects
such as the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
(http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/branches/blsa/blsanew.htm),
initiated in 1958, began to suggest that disease and
disability were not inevitable consequences of aging.
The growth in the aging population, the increase in life
expectancy, and concerns about disability led to the
founding in 1974 of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)
within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Institute
was charged with “the conduct and support of biomedical,
social, and behavioral research, training, health
information dissemination, and other programs with
respect to the aging process and diseases and other
special problems and needs of the aged.”
Today
People continue to live longer and the U.S. population is
increasingly older. The leading edge of the Baby Boom
turns 65 in 2011, part of a rapid growth in population
aging in the United States – and worldwide. 39 million
people in the United States are age 65 or older, and life
expectancy at birth has reached 78.3 years. Most notable
is the growth in the population of individuals age 85 and
older who are at highest risk for disease and disability.
Research demonstrates that disease and disability are not
an inevitable part of aging. Disability rates can be reduced,
as evidenced by data from the National Long Term Care
Survey (http://www.nltcs.aas.duke.edu/), which found
that between 1982 and 1999, the prevalence of physical
disability in older Americans decreased from 26 percent to
20 percent. Additionally, there is evidence from the Health
and Retirement Study (http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/)
that the probability of being cognitively impaired at a
given age has been decreasing (from the mid-1990s up
unt ...
Community Resources TemplateMental Health ProvidersH.docxmccormicknadine86
Community Resources Template
Mental Health Providers
Hospitals
Education Services
Rehabilitation Services
Pharmacies
DME Equipment Providers
Incontinence Service Providers
Parenteral Service Providers
Enteral Nutrition Providers
Social Services
Transition Services
https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/NURS-…050/200100/Course_Files/cf_community_resources_template.docx 1/20/20, 8:07 PM
Page 1 of 2
Transportation Services
Skilled Nursing Services
Hourly Nursing Services
Respite Care Services
Hospice Care Providers
Community Services
1
https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/NURS-…050/200100/Course_Files/cf_community_resources_template.docx 1/20/20, 8:07 PM
Page 2 of 2
Cameron, L., Erkal, N., Gangadharan, L., Meng, X. (2013). Little emperors: Behavioral impacts of China's one-child policy. Science, 339, 953-957. doi: 10.3886/ICPSR34521.v1.
This article investigated the effect of China’s one-child policy on different behaviors, comparing behavioral trends in people who were born in the years just before and just after the implementation of the one-child policy. One of the more notable results was that participants born under the one-child policy scored higher in neuroticism and lower in contentiousness in comparison with those born before the policy. The study concluded that the observed behavioral differences between those born just before and just after the one-child policy would greatly magnify as time went on, due to very limited extended family and living in a world of predominantly only children. This article provides valuable insight into the behavioral changes of the average person in China as a result of the one-child policy. The authors were able to use data that was actively generated for this article, rather than piecing together already-existing data like many other studies on the subject, which was very refreshing to see. This article would provide a solid resource to use as it presents a very data-based approach to this aspect of the one-child policy.
Huang, W., Lei, X., Zhao, Y. (2016). One-child policy and the rise of man-made twins. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(3), 467-476. doi: 10.1162/REST_a_00567
The authors of this study examined the correlation between China’s one-child policy and China’s sharp increase of reported twin births. The authors found that although China’s fertility rate was already decreasing before the advent of the policy, the number of reported twins had increased by one third in the last 30 years, sharply rising in 1979 when the one-child policy was fully implemented. The data suggested that there was a strong correlation between reported twin births and areas of China with higher fines for having more children than allowed. One of the key indicators used by the authors to determine fake twins was height differences between the children. Some of the limitations of this study included that the evidence for fake twins was merely s ...
SW 619Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted.docxmabelf3
SW 619
Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted Children
While in the womb fetus is in the it feeds off the food intake and nourishment through the
placenta, which also means that any substances such as drugs, alcohol or tobacco that enters the
mothers system flows through the placenta and is delivered to the fetus as well. From birth to three
years old is the most critical period in a child’s development process. Children of mothers that use
drugs while they are pregnant increase the likelihood that the child will suffer from some form of
birth defect and oftentimes born prematurely. The lasting effects of prenatal cocaine affect the
growth of the fetus physically. The results of the increase of premature birth, and generalized growth
retardation including decreased birth weight, shorter body length, and smaller head circumference
(Bigsby et al, 2011; Covington et al, 2002; Gouin et al, 2011; Mayes et al, 2003).
These toxic chemicals can sometimes have irreversible damage that affect the child’s normal
development process with regards to proper development of organs and brain function.
From the ages of 0-2 months old a child are expected to have develop motor skills that would
include the ability to recognize different colors and shapes, kicking waving, have the ability to
recognize familiar voices and their sleeping patterns would change, meaning that as they grow older
children should be sleeping a little longer than a new born baby. Children from the ages of 2
months old should be able to extend their arm and reach and pick up toys and other objects,
hand coordination by shifting objects from one hand to another. The child should be able to pick up
finger food and bring it to their mouths. Identifying a problem with a child is when they are not able
to perform these age appropriate task.
A toddler ages 3 to 5 years old should be able to perform task such as holding crayons drawing horizontal lines, circles and have the ability to fold and snip paper with scissors. Children that have been exposed to substance may struggle with completing these tasks or will develop these cognitive skills at a slower rate. One study using play behavior (Rodning, Beckwith, & Howard, 1989a) found that preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine
and other drugs to show poorly developed play behaviors, and a lack of interest and motivation in
unstructured situations, in comparison to a group of high risk preterm children. Using play behavior,
one study found preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine and other drugs to show poorly. However, by
3 years of age, there were no changes associated with fine motor performance or behavior observed
with the child externalizing behavioral problems at age 5 years old. Stress and psychological
symptoms of caregivers were found to be in direct correlation with increased child behavioral issues;
indicating that the effected children may have m.
DiscussionHealthcare CrisisRespond to at least two of yourDustiBuckner14
The document discusses challenges in teaching writing and content to ESL students. Latisha argues there is a healthcare crisis in the US, as insurance deductibles and costs rise, putting financial strain on many. Heather agrees there is a serious healthcare crisis, as costs rise and many cannot afford care, leading to delayed treatment. Both discuss issues like the uninsured not seeking preventative care, rising costs, and the inadequacy of existing public programs. Melissa and Shimika discuss challenges in teaching ESL students writing like lack of vocabulary, confidence, and readiness, and ways teachers can help through repetition, modeling, and engaging lessons that build skills.
Children’s Nature Deficit: What We Know - and Don’t Know
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 3PICOT .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 3
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity is one of the emerging health problems that affect the American population. This disorder places children at a higher risk of suffering from preventable non-communicable chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McGrath, 2017). Other challenges that affect children as a result of this disease include depression and sleep apnea. Obese children are often predisposed to become obese adults who suffer from many chronic diseases related to increased mortality rate of 40 percent. Obese children and adolescents tend to have more adverse health challenges compared to the counterparts with normal BMI. The task of addressing the chronic conditions related to childhood obesity is normally costly, with approximately $14 billion price tag and increasing (McGrath, 2017). Survey reports released by government agencies such as the National Conference of State Legislature, the total cost of obesity-associated nears $150 billion yearly, with taxpayers covering approximately sixty billion dollars. There is need to identify patterns that related to childhood obesity for professionals to seek better ways to address them. This PICOT statement evaluates childhood obesity in the United States.
PICOT Statement
Population
Childhood obesity is a major health concern in the United States and other parts of the world since the disease is increasing. In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In 2013, 16 percent of children in the country were categorized as obese. The prevalence was highest at ages of 12 to 19 years and lowest at ages of 2 to 5 years. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially ...
Disability in Older Adults comprises public domain material frAlyciaGold776
Disability in Older Adults comprises public domain material from the National Institutes of Health.
http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/Pdfs/DisabilityinOlderAdults(NIA).pdf
Disability in Older Adults
FACT SHEET - Disability in Older Adults
National Institutes of Health
Updated October 2010
1
Yesterday
Thirty years ago, America was steadily aging. In 1980,
approximately 26.1 million people were 65 years of age or
older, compared with 3 million in 1900. And Americans
were living notably longer than they had in the past –
average life expectancy for a child born in 1980 was 73.7
years, up from 47.3 years in 1900. Disability was on the
rise among older people. Studies from the 1970s and early
1980s pointed to modest increases in the prevalence of
disability. For example, in 1976, 4.8 million older people
reported limitations in the number or kinds of major
activities they could undertake.
It was widely believed that aging invariably brought with it
frailty and loss of independence. One study, for example,
predicted that technology would save people’s lives, but
still leave them disabled and an increasing burden on
society. However, groundbreaking research from projects
such as the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
(http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/branches/blsa/blsanew.htm),
initiated in 1958, began to suggest that disease and
disability were not inevitable consequences of aging.
The growth in the aging population, the increase in life
expectancy, and concerns about disability led to the
founding in 1974 of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)
within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Institute
was charged with “the conduct and support of biomedical,
social, and behavioral research, training, health
information dissemination, and other programs with
respect to the aging process and diseases and other
special problems and needs of the aged.”
Today
People continue to live longer and the U.S. population is
increasingly older. The leading edge of the Baby Boom
turns 65 in 2011, part of a rapid growth in population
aging in the United States – and worldwide. 39 million
people in the United States are age 65 or older, and life
expectancy at birth has reached 78.3 years. Most notable
is the growth in the population of individuals age 85 and
older who are at highest risk for disease and disability.
Research demonstrates that disease and disability are not
an inevitable part of aging. Disability rates can be reduced,
as evidenced by data from the National Long Term Care
Survey (http://www.nltcs.aas.duke.edu/), which found
that between 1982 and 1999, the prevalence of physical
disability in older Americans decreased from 26 percent to
20 percent. Additionally, there is evidence from the Health
and Retirement Study (http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/)
that the probability of being cognitively impaired at a
given age has been decreasing (from the mid-1990s up
unt ...
Community Resources TemplateMental Health ProvidersH.docxmccormicknadine86
Community Resources Template
Mental Health Providers
Hospitals
Education Services
Rehabilitation Services
Pharmacies
DME Equipment Providers
Incontinence Service Providers
Parenteral Service Providers
Enteral Nutrition Providers
Social Services
Transition Services
https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/NURS-…050/200100/Course_Files/cf_community_resources_template.docx 1/20/20, 8:07 PM
Page 1 of 2
Transportation Services
Skilled Nursing Services
Hourly Nursing Services
Respite Care Services
Hospice Care Providers
Community Services
1
https://courserooma.capella.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/NURS-…050/200100/Course_Files/cf_community_resources_template.docx 1/20/20, 8:07 PM
Page 2 of 2
Cameron, L., Erkal, N., Gangadharan, L., Meng, X. (2013). Little emperors: Behavioral impacts of China's one-child policy. Science, 339, 953-957. doi: 10.3886/ICPSR34521.v1.
This article investigated the effect of China’s one-child policy on different behaviors, comparing behavioral trends in people who were born in the years just before and just after the implementation of the one-child policy. One of the more notable results was that participants born under the one-child policy scored higher in neuroticism and lower in contentiousness in comparison with those born before the policy. The study concluded that the observed behavioral differences between those born just before and just after the one-child policy would greatly magnify as time went on, due to very limited extended family and living in a world of predominantly only children. This article provides valuable insight into the behavioral changes of the average person in China as a result of the one-child policy. The authors were able to use data that was actively generated for this article, rather than piecing together already-existing data like many other studies on the subject, which was very refreshing to see. This article would provide a solid resource to use as it presents a very data-based approach to this aspect of the one-child policy.
Huang, W., Lei, X., Zhao, Y. (2016). One-child policy and the rise of man-made twins. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(3), 467-476. doi: 10.1162/REST_a_00567
The authors of this study examined the correlation between China’s one-child policy and China’s sharp increase of reported twin births. The authors found that although China’s fertility rate was already decreasing before the advent of the policy, the number of reported twins had increased by one third in the last 30 years, sharply rising in 1979 when the one-child policy was fully implemented. The data suggested that there was a strong correlation between reported twin births and areas of China with higher fines for having more children than allowed. One of the key indicators used by the authors to determine fake twins was height differences between the children. Some of the limitations of this study included that the evidence for fake twins was merely s ...
SW 619Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted.docxmabelf3
SW 619
Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted Children
While in the womb fetus is in the it feeds off the food intake and nourishment through the
placenta, which also means that any substances such as drugs, alcohol or tobacco that enters the
mothers system flows through the placenta and is delivered to the fetus as well. From birth to three
years old is the most critical period in a child’s development process. Children of mothers that use
drugs while they are pregnant increase the likelihood that the child will suffer from some form of
birth defect and oftentimes born prematurely. The lasting effects of prenatal cocaine affect the
growth of the fetus physically. The results of the increase of premature birth, and generalized growth
retardation including decreased birth weight, shorter body length, and smaller head circumference
(Bigsby et al, 2011; Covington et al, 2002; Gouin et al, 2011; Mayes et al, 2003).
These toxic chemicals can sometimes have irreversible damage that affect the child’s normal
development process with regards to proper development of organs and brain function.
From the ages of 0-2 months old a child are expected to have develop motor skills that would
include the ability to recognize different colors and shapes, kicking waving, have the ability to
recognize familiar voices and their sleeping patterns would change, meaning that as they grow older
children should be sleeping a little longer than a new born baby. Children from the ages of 2
months old should be able to extend their arm and reach and pick up toys and other objects,
hand coordination by shifting objects from one hand to another. The child should be able to pick up
finger food and bring it to their mouths. Identifying a problem with a child is when they are not able
to perform these age appropriate task.
A toddler ages 3 to 5 years old should be able to perform task such as holding crayons drawing horizontal lines, circles and have the ability to fold and snip paper with scissors. Children that have been exposed to substance may struggle with completing these tasks or will develop these cognitive skills at a slower rate. One study using play behavior (Rodning, Beckwith, & Howard, 1989a) found that preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine
and other drugs to show poorly developed play behaviors, and a lack of interest and motivation in
unstructured situations, in comparison to a group of high risk preterm children. Using play behavior,
one study found preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine and other drugs to show poorly. However, by
3 years of age, there were no changes associated with fine motor performance or behavior observed
with the child externalizing behavioral problems at age 5 years old. Stress and psychological
symptoms of caregivers were found to be in direct correlation with increased child behavioral issues;
indicating that the effected children may have m.
DiscussionHealthcare CrisisRespond to at least two of yourDustiBuckner14
The document discusses challenges in teaching writing and content to ESL students. Latisha argues there is a healthcare crisis in the US, as insurance deductibles and costs rise, putting financial strain on many. Heather agrees there is a serious healthcare crisis, as costs rise and many cannot afford care, leading to delayed treatment. Both discuss issues like the uninsured not seeking preventative care, rising costs, and the inadequacy of existing public programs. Melissa and Shimika discuss challenges in teaching ESL students writing like lack of vocabulary, confidence, and readiness, and ways teachers can help through repetition, modeling, and engaging lessons that build skills.
Children’s Nature Deficit: What We Know - and Don’t Know
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 3PICOT .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 3
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity is one of the emerging health problems that affect the American population. This disorder places children at a higher risk of suffering from preventable non-communicable chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McGrath, 2017). Other challenges that affect children as a result of this disease include depression and sleep apnea. Obese children are often predisposed to become obese adults who suffer from many chronic diseases related to increased mortality rate of 40 percent. Obese children and adolescents tend to have more adverse health challenges compared to the counterparts with normal BMI. The task of addressing the chronic conditions related to childhood obesity is normally costly, with approximately $14 billion price tag and increasing (McGrath, 2017). Survey reports released by government agencies such as the National Conference of State Legislature, the total cost of obesity-associated nears $150 billion yearly, with taxpayers covering approximately sixty billion dollars. There is need to identify patterns that related to childhood obesity for professionals to seek better ways to address them. This PICOT statement evaluates childhood obesity in the United States.
PICOT Statement
Population
Childhood obesity is a major health concern in the United States and other parts of the world since the disease is increasing. In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In 2013, 16 percent of children in the country were categorized as obese. The prevalence was highest at ages of 12 to 19 years and lowest at ages of 2 to 5 years. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially ...
Running Head Researching Community PartnershipResearching Commu.docxtoltonkendal
This document summarizes 6 articles related to community partnerships. The articles discuss topics like involving parents in students' academic success, preventing chronic diseases through community efforts, partnering with families and communities to enhance education, increasing community sports participation, engaging citizens with local government, and managing non-communicable diseases through community partnerships. The document analyzes each article's title, author, purpose, addressed population, and results to highlight how community partnerships can help address various health and social issues.
Case Studies & Literature Review * Real Time Crisis Centre Hub #RTCHScott Mills
This document discusses a case study of "Joe", a homeless man with schizophrenia who exhibited paranoid and violent behaviors. Police officer Scott Mills and nurse Anne Marie Batten used Twitter to collaboratively manage Joe's case through the hashtag "#HomelessJoe". This allowed them to communicate about Joe's condition, locate him when he went missing, and engage community support for Joe. Through building trust with Mills and Batten using social media, Joe became more receptive to treatment and support. He secured housing and disability benefits, outcomes that likely would not have been possible without the social media intervention.
This document discusses age and its impact on second language acquisition. It presents evidence that children have advantages in learning a second language due to neurological, phonological and affective factors supported by the Critical Period Hypothesis. However, cognitive theories illustrate advantages adult learners have with certain learning strategies. The document also discusses two language teaching methods inspired by children's first language acquisition - Total Physical Response and Natural Approach. Overall, it asserts that considering the evidence, children generally surpass adults in second language acquisition ability.
In this students will pull together the change proposal project.pdfsdfghj21
This document provides details on a student capstone project on childhood obesity including sections required in the proposal. The proposal will apply research steps to address childhood obesity and include: background, problem statement, purpose, PICOT question, literature search strategy, literature evaluation, relevant theory, implementation plan, barriers/solutions, and references. The student is expected to write a 1250-1500 word paper incorporating feedback and using APA style with a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed sources.
BUSI 352Case Study 2Your client, Steven, age 43, has come to.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSI 352
Case Study 2
Your client, Steven, age 43, has come to you for assistance with retirement planning. He provides you with the following facts.
· He earns $80,000 annually.
· His wage replacement ratio has been determined to be 80%.
· He expects inflation will average 3% for his entire life expectancy.
· He expects to work until 68, and live until 90.
· He currently has $60,000 saved, and he is averaging a 9% rate of return and expects to continue to earn the same return over time.
· He has been saving $3,000 annually in his 401(k) plan.
· Additionally, Social Security Administration has notified him that his annual retirement benefit, in today’s dollars will be $26,000.
1. Using calculations, explain to Steven why it is realistic to use a wage replacement ratio of 80%.
2. Using the annuity method, calculate how much capital Steven will need to be able to retire at age 68.
3. Given his current resources, does he have sufficient resources to achieve his retirement goal? Using calculations, show and explain your answer to Steven.
4. Provide Steven with 3 alternatives for meeting his retirement goal. In doing so, use calculations to show the impact of each alternative.
Before hiring you as his financial planner, Steven was going to another planner. He mentions that the other planner calculated this retirement needs another way, so he asks you to calculate his retirement needs using other methods.
5. Using the capital preservation method, calculate how much capital Steven needs in order to retire at 68.
6. Using the purchasing power preservation method, calculate how much capital Steven needs in order to retire at 68.
7. In your own words, provide Steven with the advantages and disadvantages of each method and explain why the amounts calculated are different with the three methods.
8. In your own words, provide Steven with the advantages and disadvantages of 2 investment instruments that are used specifically to save for retirement. Which would you recommend and why?
Your completed Case Study must contain a minimum of 700 words and 2 citations in current APA format. Acceptable sources are personal finance journals, magazines, or newspapers.
Submit Case Study 2 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 7.
Running head: the relevance of Sexual identity and orientation 1
the relevance of Sexual identity and orientation 5The Relevance of Sexual Identity and Orientation
Paula King
Walden University
Diversity in Child/Adolescent Development and Learning
Dr. Virginia Salzer
March 30, 2019
\
The issues of diversity in the classrooms are prominent especially in the modern learning setting as the composition of students continues to change and diversify radically (Gruenewald, 2014; Meyer, 2010). This aspect has promoted the inclusion of various demographic groups such as the female students that were previously barred from accessing such services in the traditional societies and systems. Such trends show that gender influences hav.
Eisai employees Natalie Twine and Sarah Leacu conducted an outreach program with 7th grade students at Dr. An Wang Middle School in Lowell, MA to improve perceptions of the pharmaceutical industry. They gave a presentation on their careers in molecular biology and led a DNA extraction activity. This helped students understand disease and cancer treatment. They later hosted 30 students for a tour of Eisai's Andover facility, where students learned about drug development and different career opportunities from employees. The goal was to establish early positive connections and show students that science is accessible and practiced by diverse people to counter negative perceptions formed from media and society.
Running Head Sun Coast1SUN COASTSun Coast.docxjeanettehully
Running Head: Sun Coast 1
SUN COAST
Sun Coast
Tammie Witcher
Columbia Southern University
Literature Review
The purpose of this report is to develop a literature review that analyses how research-based decision-making can directly affect organizational practices. In this regards, different aspects are being considered for analysis including the differences in qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and examining the advantages and disadvantages of primary as well as secondary sources of data. The entire discussion is then related to the Sun Coast’s case and how the articles in literature review solves Sun Coast’s issue.
Impact of Research-based Decision-making on the Organization
Many different researches have been made that show the positive impact of research and training on the decision making capabilities. In this regards, a study in the healthcare sector found that through training and research, there was an immediate conversion of attitudes in the workplace than on skills (Champagne et al., 2014).
One of the most popular studies in this field is the evidence- based practices. The idea behind this concept is to take quality decisions based on critical thinking and best available evidence (Barends et al., 2014). According to this practice, evidence is obtained from multiple sources in order to have a desired positive outcome. Evidence can take form of different size and shape and may and its quality depends on its relevance to the case (Barends et al., 2014).
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
There are various types of research methodologies. However, these fall majorly into two categories; qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative research is more concerned with the information available in the form of emotions that may not be quantified. It involves gathering non-numerical data. Methods can include observation etc. Quantitative research is more concerned with the numerical data that can be easily quantified. For instance, conducting statistical analysis of the test results produce by Grade 1 students.
With regards to the case of Sun Coast, data is already available in the numeric form and therefore, the quantitative research methodologies shall be applied.
Primary and Secondary Sources of Data
Primary data is when the data is collected first hand, with direct interaction from the subjects or the target audience. This involves conducting questionnaires or interviews that provide information from the source directly. The major advantage of primary data is that new and updated information is available. However, the disadvantage is that collecting data through this source may take up a lot of time and even delays in the research. Furthermore, there are ethical concerns as well in the primary collection of data (Hox & R. Boeigi, 2005).
Secondary data is the use of already collected data by the previous researchers and using the relevant information in the current research ...
Elementary CurriculaBoth articles highlight the fact that middle.docxtoltonkendal
Elementary Curricula
Both articles highlight the fact that middle-class students seem to benefit more from summer reading programs than their lower-SES peers. While we would hope that summer reading programs would have the same positive impact on all students, this information did not totally surprise me. Differences in funding, materials, and ability to recruit enough high-quality teachers for summer programs could be more difficult in lower-socioeconomic areas. In addition, the articles did not dive into other factors in the students’ lives that may be contributing to their performance such as attendance, how well-rested they are, trauma they have experiences that impacts their ability to focus during instruction, and the impact of being taught by a teacher who the students may not know or have a relationship with. Additionally, there could be a mismatch between the instructional practices and the specific needs of the students. Even though summer reading programs are only for a short time, I would challenge teachers to put energy into getting to know the students and building trust with them. This is a key foundation that is needed for learning to take place.
In challenging teachers during summer program and the regular school year to ”break out of the mold” to create better outcomes for students classified with low SES, in addition to building relationships with students, I would encourage them to build connections with their families. This may involve thinking outside the box and leaving their comfort zone. It could entail holding a parent-teacher conference off campus, closer to their home or in their community. It could also include providing resources and instructional videos to parents so they can help support their children at home. There are many parents who want to support their children academically, but they do not know how and may be uncomfortable asking the teacher for assistance. In addition, I would urge teachers to capitalize on the strengths and interests of their students to engage them in learning activities and provide them with opportunities to shine. We do not have to, and should not, be satisfied with the idea that low SES students will automatically not be able to perform. These students are capable of learning and growth just as much as any other student. I think data from test scores that demonstrate a gap between the performance of students classified as economically disadvantaged and not economically disadvantaged has led some people to hold the belief that students classified as low SES will not perform well. I think the way that school “report card” grades are published also perpetuates this belief, as it shows the test scores, but does not provide an explanation of or include any solutions for the many larger societal factors that contribute to those scores including high teacher turn over, lack of resources, child trauma, lack of sleep, lack of nutrition, crime & safety, and education level of parents.
It w.
Elementary Statistics (MATH220)
Assignment:
Statistical Project & Presentation
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is to supplement lecture material by having the students to do a case study on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
***The best way to understand something is to experience it for yourself.
Guideline for Analyzing Data and Writing a Report
Below is a general outline of the topics that should be included in your report.
1.
Introduction.
State the topic of your study.
2.
Define Population.
Define the population that you intend for your study to represent.
3.
Define Variable.
Define clearly the variable that you obtained during your data collection; this should include information on how the variable is measured and what possible values this variable has.
4.
Data Collection.
Describe your data collection process, including your data source, your sampling strategy, and what steps you took to avoid bias.
5.
Study Design.
Describe the procedures you followed to analyze your data.
6.
Results: Descriptive Statistics.
Give the relevant descriptive statistics for the sample you collected.
7.
Results: Statistical Analysis.
Describe the results of your statistical analysis.
8.
Findings.
Interpret the results of your analysis in the context of your original research question. Was your hypothesis supported by your statistical analyses? Explain.
9.
Discussion.
What conclusions, if any, do you believe you can draw as a result of your study? If the results were not what you expected, what factors might explain your results? What did you learn from the project about the population you studied? What did you learn about the research variable? What did you learn about the specific statistical test you conducted?
.
Elements of Religious Traditions PaperWritea 700- to 1,050-word .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Religious Traditions Paper
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper that does the following:
Describes these basic components of religious traditions and their relationship to the sacred
:
What a religious tradition says—its teachings, texts, doctrine, stories, myths, and others
What a religious tradition does—worship, prayer, pilgrimage, ritual, and so forth
How a religious tradition organizes—leadership, relationships among members, and so forth
Identifies key critical issues in the study of religion.
Includes specific examples from the various religious traditions described in the Week One readings that honor the sacred—such as rituals of the Igbo to mark life events, the vision quest as a common ritual in many Native American societies, or the influence of the shaman as a leader. You may also include examples from your own religious tradition or another religious tradition with which you are familiar.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Elements of MusicPitch- relative highness or lowness that we .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music
Pitch- relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
Tone- sound that has a definite pitch.
(For example striking a bat against a ball does not produce a D# but striking a D#
on a piano does)
Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music
pp pianissimo /very soft
p piano /soft
mp mezzo-piano /medium-soft
mf mezzo-forte /medium-loud
f forte /loud
ff fortissimo /very loud
When dynamics are altered in a piece of music, they are termed as follows:
decrescendo/ diminuendo gradually softer
crescendo gradually louder
Timbre/Tone Color- the character or quality of a sound.
dark, bright, mellow, cool, metallic, rich, brilliant, thin, etc.
Rhythm- a) the flow (or pattern) of music through time. b) the particular arrangement of
note lengths in a piece of music.
Syncopation- An accent placed on a beat where it is not normally expected.
Beat- the steady pulse in a piece of music.
Downbeat- the first or stressed beat of a measure.
Meter- the pattern in which beats are organized within a piece of music.
Examples:
3/4= three beats per measure
4/4= four beats per measure
6/8= six beats per measure
*In some musics, meter is not present- this is termed non-metric.
(Ex: Chant, some 20th century genres, world musics).
Melody- a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.
*A melodic line has a shape -it ascends and descends in a series of continuous pitches.
Sequence- a repetition of a pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Phrase- A short unit of music within a melodic line.
Cadence- The rest at the end of a musical phrase. Think of this as a musical period at the
end of a sentence.
Harmony- A) How chords are constructed and how they follow each other. B) The
relationship of tones when sounded in a group.
Chord- a combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
Consonance- a stable tone combination in a chord
Dissonance- and unstable tone combination in a chord; usually, an expected
and stable resolution will follow.
Tonic- a) the main key of a piece of music. b) the first note of a scale
Key- the central tone or scale in a piece of music.
(example: A major, b minor)
Modulation- a shift from one key to another within the same piece of music.
Texture- layering of musical sounds or instruments within a piece of music.
Monophonic- single, unaccompanied melodic line.
Homophonic- a melody with an accompaniment of chords.
Polyphonic- th.
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children AssociatedWith the Fl.docxtoltonkendal
The percentage of children in Flint, Michigan with elevated blood lead levels increased after the city changed its water source in 2014. Before the change, 2.4% of Flint children under 5 had elevated blood lead levels, but after the change this increased to 4.9%, a statistically significant increase. The neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels experienced the largest increases, with elevated blood lead levels rising from 4.0% to 10.6%. Spatial analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest increases in elevated blood lead levels, informing the public health response.
Elements of the Communication ProcessIn Chapter One, we learne.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of the Communication Process
In Chapter One, we learned communication is the process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking. To understand how the process works, we described the essential elements in the process.
For the following interaction, identify the contexts, participants, channels. message, interference (noise), and feedback.
"Maria and Damien are meandering through the park, talking and drinking bottled water. Damien finishes his bottle, replaces the lid, and tosses the bottle into the bushes at the side of the path. Maria, who has been listening to Damien talk, comes to a stop, puts her hand on her hips, stares at Damien, and says angrily, " I can't believe what you just did! Damien blushes, averts his gaze, and mumbles, "Sorry, I'll get it- I just wasn't thinking." As the tension drains from Maria's face. she gives her head a playful toss, smiles, and says, Well, just see that it doesn't happen again.
1. Contexts
a. Physical
b. Social
c. Historical
d. Psychological
2. Participants
3. Channels
4. Message
5. Interference (Noise)
6. Feedback
.
Elements of Music #1 Handout1. Rhythm the flow of music in te.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music #1 Handout
1. Rhythm
the flow of music in terms of time
2. Beat
the pulse that recurs regularly in music
3. Meter
the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed beats
4. Tempo
the speed of the beats in a piece of music
5. Polyrhythm
two or more rhythm patterns occurring simultaneously
6. Pitch
the perceived highness or lowness of a musical sound
7. Melody
a series of consecutive pitches that form a cohesive musical entity
8. Counterpoint
two or more independent lines with melodic character occurring at the same time
9. Harmony
the simultaneous sounds of several pitches, usually in accompanying a melody
10. Dynamics
the amount of loudness in music
11. Timbre
tone quality or tone color in music
12. Form
the pattern or plan of a musical work
Framework for Improving
Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
Version 1.1
National Institute of Standards and Technology
April 16, 2018
April 16, 2018 Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1
This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.CSWP.04162018 ii
No t e t o Rea d er s o n t h e U p d a t e
Version 1.1 of this Cybersecurity Framework refines, clarifies, and enhances Version 1.0, which
was issued in February 2014. It incorporates comments received on the two drafts of Version 1.1.
Version 1.1 is intended to be implemented by first-time and current Framework users. Current
users should be able to implement Version 1.1 with minimal or no disruption; compatibility with
Version 1.0 has been an explicit objective.
The following table summarizes the changes made between Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Table NTR-1 - Summary of changes between Framework Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Update Description of Update
Clarified that terms like
“compliance” can be
confusing and mean
something very different
to various Framework
stakeholders
Added clarity that the Framework has utility as a structure and
language for organizing and expressing compliance with an
organization’s own cybersecurity requirements. However, the
variety of ways in which the Framework can be used by an
organization means that phrases like “compliance with the
Framework” can be confusing.
A new section on self-
assessment
Added Section 4.0 Self-Assessing Cybersecurity Risk with the
Framework to explain how the Framework can be used by
organizations to understand and assess their cybersecurity risk,
including the use of measurements.
Greatly expanded
explanation of using
Framework for Cyber
Supply Chain Risk
Management purposes
An expanded Section 3.3 Communicating Cybersecurity
Requirements with Stakeholders helps users better understand
Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), while a new
Section 3.4 Buying Decisions highlights use of the Framework
in understanding risk associated with commercial off-the-shelf
products and services. Additional Cyber SCRM criteria we.
Elements of Music Report InstrumentsFor the assignment on the el.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music Report Instruments
For the assignment on the elements of music, students will write a report with a minimum of 300 words.
Students must select one element of music that they consider to be the most important element:
Melody
Rhythm
Harmony
Form
When writing the report, be sure you address the following questions:
Why did you select this element from among all the rest?
Do you think that all kinds of music could exist without your selected element? Elaborate on your view.
Describe a piece of music that highlights the use of your selected element.
I encourage students do research on their element of music in order to get ideas for their reports. All reports must be original works!
Do not quote any source or anybody’s thoughts. Quotes are not permitted in this Instruments Report. I am interested in your own personal thoughts, opinions, and the material you have learned from your research.
.
Elements of GenreAfter watching three of the five .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Genre
After watching three of the five movie clips listed in the
Multimedia
section, above, describe how they fit into a specific genre (or subgenre) as explained in the text. What elements of the film are characteristic of that genre? How does it fulfill the expectations of that genre? How does it play against these expectations?
Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Support your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and designing .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of Critical Thinking [WLOs 2, 3, 4] [CLOs 2, 3, 4]P.docxtoltonkendal
This document provides resources for students to develop their critical thinking skills. It includes readings on common misconceptions of critical thinking, combating fake news, and teaching critical thinking. Videos define critical thinking and discuss recognizing fake news. Students are prompted to explain elements of critical thinking, analyze examples demonstrating strong and weak critical thinking, and reflect on applying their education to their career and community.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and design.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of a contact due 16 OctRead the Case Campbell Soup Co. v..docxtoltonkendal
Elements of a contact due 16 Oct
Read the Case Campbell Soup Co. v. Wentz in the text. Answer the following questions:
1. What were the terms of the contract between Campbell and the Wentzes?
2. Did the Wentzes perform under the contract?
3. Did the court find specific performance to be an adequate legal remedy in this case?
4. Why did the court refuse to help Campbell in enforcing its legal contract?
5. How could Campbell change its contract in the future so as to avoid the unconsionability problem?
Facts:
Per
a
written
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
Company
(a
New
Jersey
company)
and
the
Wentzes
(carrot
farmers
in
Pennsylvania),
the
Wentzes
would
deliver
to
Campbell
all
the
Chantenay
red
cored
carrots
to
be
grown
on
the
Wentz
farm
during
the
1947
season.
The
contract
price
for
the
carrots
was
$30
per
ton.
The
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
and
all
sellers
of
carrots
was
drafted
by
Campbell
and
it
had
a
provision
that
prohibited
farmers/sellers
from
selling
their
carrots
to
anyone
else,
except
those
carrots
that
were
rejected
by
Campbell.
The
contract
also
had
a
liquidated
damages
provision
of
$50
per
ton
if
the
seller
breached,
but
it
had
no
similar
provision
in
the
event
Campbell
breached.
The
contract
not
only
allowed
Campbell
to
reject
nonconforming
carrots,
but
gave
Campbell
the
right
to
determine
who
could
buy
the
carrots
it
had
rejected.
The
Wentzes
harvested
100
tons
of
carrots,
but
because
the
market
price
at
the
time
of
harvesting
was
$90
per
ton
for
these
rare
carrots,
the
Wentzes
refused
to
deliver
them
to
Campbell
and
sold
62
tons
of
their
carrots
to
a
farmer
who
sold
some
of
those
carrots
to
Campbell.
Campbell
sued
the
Wentzes,
asking
for
the
court's
order
to
stop
further
sale
of
the
contracted
carrots
to
others
and
to
compel
specific
performance
of
the
contract.
The
trial
court
ruled
for
the
Wentzes
and
Campbell
appealed.
Issues:
Is
specific
performance
an
appropriate
legal
remedy
in
this
case
or
is
the
contract
unconscionable?
Discussion:
In
January
1948,
it
was
virtually
impossible
to
obtain
Chantenay
carrots
in
the
open
market.
Campbell
used
Chantenay
carrots
(which
are
easier
to
process
for
soup
making
than
other
carrots)
in
large
quantities
and
furnishes
the
seeds
to
farmers
with
whom
it
contracts.
Campbell
contracted
for
carrots
long
ahead,
and
farmers
entered
into
the
contract
willingly.
If
the
facts
of
this
case
were
this
simple,
specific
performance
should
have
been
granted.
However,
the
problem
is
with
the
contract
itself,
which
was
one-sided.
According
to
the
appellate
court,
the
most
direct
example
of
unconscionability
was
the
provision
that,
under
certain
.
Running Head Researching Community PartnershipResearching Commu.docxtoltonkendal
This document summarizes 6 articles related to community partnerships. The articles discuss topics like involving parents in students' academic success, preventing chronic diseases through community efforts, partnering with families and communities to enhance education, increasing community sports participation, engaging citizens with local government, and managing non-communicable diseases through community partnerships. The document analyzes each article's title, author, purpose, addressed population, and results to highlight how community partnerships can help address various health and social issues.
Case Studies & Literature Review * Real Time Crisis Centre Hub #RTCHScott Mills
This document discusses a case study of "Joe", a homeless man with schizophrenia who exhibited paranoid and violent behaviors. Police officer Scott Mills and nurse Anne Marie Batten used Twitter to collaboratively manage Joe's case through the hashtag "#HomelessJoe". This allowed them to communicate about Joe's condition, locate him when he went missing, and engage community support for Joe. Through building trust with Mills and Batten using social media, Joe became more receptive to treatment and support. He secured housing and disability benefits, outcomes that likely would not have been possible without the social media intervention.
This document discusses age and its impact on second language acquisition. It presents evidence that children have advantages in learning a second language due to neurological, phonological and affective factors supported by the Critical Period Hypothesis. However, cognitive theories illustrate advantages adult learners have with certain learning strategies. The document also discusses two language teaching methods inspired by children's first language acquisition - Total Physical Response and Natural Approach. Overall, it asserts that considering the evidence, children generally surpass adults in second language acquisition ability.
In this students will pull together the change proposal project.pdfsdfghj21
This document provides details on a student capstone project on childhood obesity including sections required in the proposal. The proposal will apply research steps to address childhood obesity and include: background, problem statement, purpose, PICOT question, literature search strategy, literature evaluation, relevant theory, implementation plan, barriers/solutions, and references. The student is expected to write a 1250-1500 word paper incorporating feedback and using APA style with a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed sources.
BUSI 352Case Study 2Your client, Steven, age 43, has come to.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSI 352
Case Study 2
Your client, Steven, age 43, has come to you for assistance with retirement planning. He provides you with the following facts.
· He earns $80,000 annually.
· His wage replacement ratio has been determined to be 80%.
· He expects inflation will average 3% for his entire life expectancy.
· He expects to work until 68, and live until 90.
· He currently has $60,000 saved, and he is averaging a 9% rate of return and expects to continue to earn the same return over time.
· He has been saving $3,000 annually in his 401(k) plan.
· Additionally, Social Security Administration has notified him that his annual retirement benefit, in today’s dollars will be $26,000.
1. Using calculations, explain to Steven why it is realistic to use a wage replacement ratio of 80%.
2. Using the annuity method, calculate how much capital Steven will need to be able to retire at age 68.
3. Given his current resources, does he have sufficient resources to achieve his retirement goal? Using calculations, show and explain your answer to Steven.
4. Provide Steven with 3 alternatives for meeting his retirement goal. In doing so, use calculations to show the impact of each alternative.
Before hiring you as his financial planner, Steven was going to another planner. He mentions that the other planner calculated this retirement needs another way, so he asks you to calculate his retirement needs using other methods.
5. Using the capital preservation method, calculate how much capital Steven needs in order to retire at 68.
6. Using the purchasing power preservation method, calculate how much capital Steven needs in order to retire at 68.
7. In your own words, provide Steven with the advantages and disadvantages of each method and explain why the amounts calculated are different with the three methods.
8. In your own words, provide Steven with the advantages and disadvantages of 2 investment instruments that are used specifically to save for retirement. Which would you recommend and why?
Your completed Case Study must contain a minimum of 700 words and 2 citations in current APA format. Acceptable sources are personal finance journals, magazines, or newspapers.
Submit Case Study 2 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 7.
Running head: the relevance of Sexual identity and orientation 1
the relevance of Sexual identity and orientation 5The Relevance of Sexual Identity and Orientation
Paula King
Walden University
Diversity in Child/Adolescent Development and Learning
Dr. Virginia Salzer
March 30, 2019
\
The issues of diversity in the classrooms are prominent especially in the modern learning setting as the composition of students continues to change and diversify radically (Gruenewald, 2014; Meyer, 2010). This aspect has promoted the inclusion of various demographic groups such as the female students that were previously barred from accessing such services in the traditional societies and systems. Such trends show that gender influences hav.
Eisai employees Natalie Twine and Sarah Leacu conducted an outreach program with 7th grade students at Dr. An Wang Middle School in Lowell, MA to improve perceptions of the pharmaceutical industry. They gave a presentation on their careers in molecular biology and led a DNA extraction activity. This helped students understand disease and cancer treatment. They later hosted 30 students for a tour of Eisai's Andover facility, where students learned about drug development and different career opportunities from employees. The goal was to establish early positive connections and show students that science is accessible and practiced by diverse people to counter negative perceptions formed from media and society.
Running Head Sun Coast1SUN COASTSun Coast.docxjeanettehully
Running Head: Sun Coast 1
SUN COAST
Sun Coast
Tammie Witcher
Columbia Southern University
Literature Review
The purpose of this report is to develop a literature review that analyses how research-based decision-making can directly affect organizational practices. In this regards, different aspects are being considered for analysis including the differences in qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and examining the advantages and disadvantages of primary as well as secondary sources of data. The entire discussion is then related to the Sun Coast’s case and how the articles in literature review solves Sun Coast’s issue.
Impact of Research-based Decision-making on the Organization
Many different researches have been made that show the positive impact of research and training on the decision making capabilities. In this regards, a study in the healthcare sector found that through training and research, there was an immediate conversion of attitudes in the workplace than on skills (Champagne et al., 2014).
One of the most popular studies in this field is the evidence- based practices. The idea behind this concept is to take quality decisions based on critical thinking and best available evidence (Barends et al., 2014). According to this practice, evidence is obtained from multiple sources in order to have a desired positive outcome. Evidence can take form of different size and shape and may and its quality depends on its relevance to the case (Barends et al., 2014).
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
There are various types of research methodologies. However, these fall majorly into two categories; qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative research is more concerned with the information available in the form of emotions that may not be quantified. It involves gathering non-numerical data. Methods can include observation etc. Quantitative research is more concerned with the numerical data that can be easily quantified. For instance, conducting statistical analysis of the test results produce by Grade 1 students.
With regards to the case of Sun Coast, data is already available in the numeric form and therefore, the quantitative research methodologies shall be applied.
Primary and Secondary Sources of Data
Primary data is when the data is collected first hand, with direct interaction from the subjects or the target audience. This involves conducting questionnaires or interviews that provide information from the source directly. The major advantage of primary data is that new and updated information is available. However, the disadvantage is that collecting data through this source may take up a lot of time and even delays in the research. Furthermore, there are ethical concerns as well in the primary collection of data (Hox & R. Boeigi, 2005).
Secondary data is the use of already collected data by the previous researchers and using the relevant information in the current research ...
Elementary CurriculaBoth articles highlight the fact that middle.docxtoltonkendal
Elementary Curricula
Both articles highlight the fact that middle-class students seem to benefit more from summer reading programs than their lower-SES peers. While we would hope that summer reading programs would have the same positive impact on all students, this information did not totally surprise me. Differences in funding, materials, and ability to recruit enough high-quality teachers for summer programs could be more difficult in lower-socioeconomic areas. In addition, the articles did not dive into other factors in the students’ lives that may be contributing to their performance such as attendance, how well-rested they are, trauma they have experiences that impacts their ability to focus during instruction, and the impact of being taught by a teacher who the students may not know or have a relationship with. Additionally, there could be a mismatch between the instructional practices and the specific needs of the students. Even though summer reading programs are only for a short time, I would challenge teachers to put energy into getting to know the students and building trust with them. This is a key foundation that is needed for learning to take place.
In challenging teachers during summer program and the regular school year to ”break out of the mold” to create better outcomes for students classified with low SES, in addition to building relationships with students, I would encourage them to build connections with their families. This may involve thinking outside the box and leaving their comfort zone. It could entail holding a parent-teacher conference off campus, closer to their home or in their community. It could also include providing resources and instructional videos to parents so they can help support their children at home. There are many parents who want to support their children academically, but they do not know how and may be uncomfortable asking the teacher for assistance. In addition, I would urge teachers to capitalize on the strengths and interests of their students to engage them in learning activities and provide them with opportunities to shine. We do not have to, and should not, be satisfied with the idea that low SES students will automatically not be able to perform. These students are capable of learning and growth just as much as any other student. I think data from test scores that demonstrate a gap between the performance of students classified as economically disadvantaged and not economically disadvantaged has led some people to hold the belief that students classified as low SES will not perform well. I think the way that school “report card” grades are published also perpetuates this belief, as it shows the test scores, but does not provide an explanation of or include any solutions for the many larger societal factors that contribute to those scores including high teacher turn over, lack of resources, child trauma, lack of sleep, lack of nutrition, crime & safety, and education level of parents.
It w.
Elementary Statistics (MATH220)
Assignment:
Statistical Project & Presentation
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is to supplement lecture material by having the students to do a case study on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
***The best way to understand something is to experience it for yourself.
Guideline for Analyzing Data and Writing a Report
Below is a general outline of the topics that should be included in your report.
1.
Introduction.
State the topic of your study.
2.
Define Population.
Define the population that you intend for your study to represent.
3.
Define Variable.
Define clearly the variable that you obtained during your data collection; this should include information on how the variable is measured and what possible values this variable has.
4.
Data Collection.
Describe your data collection process, including your data source, your sampling strategy, and what steps you took to avoid bias.
5.
Study Design.
Describe the procedures you followed to analyze your data.
6.
Results: Descriptive Statistics.
Give the relevant descriptive statistics for the sample you collected.
7.
Results: Statistical Analysis.
Describe the results of your statistical analysis.
8.
Findings.
Interpret the results of your analysis in the context of your original research question. Was your hypothesis supported by your statistical analyses? Explain.
9.
Discussion.
What conclusions, if any, do you believe you can draw as a result of your study? If the results were not what you expected, what factors might explain your results? What did you learn from the project about the population you studied? What did you learn about the research variable? What did you learn about the specific statistical test you conducted?
.
Elements of Religious Traditions PaperWritea 700- to 1,050-word .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Religious Traditions Paper
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper that does the following:
Describes these basic components of religious traditions and their relationship to the sacred
:
What a religious tradition says—its teachings, texts, doctrine, stories, myths, and others
What a religious tradition does—worship, prayer, pilgrimage, ritual, and so forth
How a religious tradition organizes—leadership, relationships among members, and so forth
Identifies key critical issues in the study of religion.
Includes specific examples from the various religious traditions described in the Week One readings that honor the sacred—such as rituals of the Igbo to mark life events, the vision quest as a common ritual in many Native American societies, or the influence of the shaman as a leader. You may also include examples from your own religious tradition or another religious tradition with which you are familiar.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Elements of MusicPitch- relative highness or lowness that we .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music
Pitch- relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
Tone- sound that has a definite pitch.
(For example striking a bat against a ball does not produce a D# but striking a D#
on a piano does)
Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music
pp pianissimo /very soft
p piano /soft
mp mezzo-piano /medium-soft
mf mezzo-forte /medium-loud
f forte /loud
ff fortissimo /very loud
When dynamics are altered in a piece of music, they are termed as follows:
decrescendo/ diminuendo gradually softer
crescendo gradually louder
Timbre/Tone Color- the character or quality of a sound.
dark, bright, mellow, cool, metallic, rich, brilliant, thin, etc.
Rhythm- a) the flow (or pattern) of music through time. b) the particular arrangement of
note lengths in a piece of music.
Syncopation- An accent placed on a beat where it is not normally expected.
Beat- the steady pulse in a piece of music.
Downbeat- the first or stressed beat of a measure.
Meter- the pattern in which beats are organized within a piece of music.
Examples:
3/4= three beats per measure
4/4= four beats per measure
6/8= six beats per measure
*In some musics, meter is not present- this is termed non-metric.
(Ex: Chant, some 20th century genres, world musics).
Melody- a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.
*A melodic line has a shape -it ascends and descends in a series of continuous pitches.
Sequence- a repetition of a pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Phrase- A short unit of music within a melodic line.
Cadence- The rest at the end of a musical phrase. Think of this as a musical period at the
end of a sentence.
Harmony- A) How chords are constructed and how they follow each other. B) The
relationship of tones when sounded in a group.
Chord- a combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
Consonance- a stable tone combination in a chord
Dissonance- and unstable tone combination in a chord; usually, an expected
and stable resolution will follow.
Tonic- a) the main key of a piece of music. b) the first note of a scale
Key- the central tone or scale in a piece of music.
(example: A major, b minor)
Modulation- a shift from one key to another within the same piece of music.
Texture- layering of musical sounds or instruments within a piece of music.
Monophonic- single, unaccompanied melodic line.
Homophonic- a melody with an accompaniment of chords.
Polyphonic- th.
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children AssociatedWith the Fl.docxtoltonkendal
The percentage of children in Flint, Michigan with elevated blood lead levels increased after the city changed its water source in 2014. Before the change, 2.4% of Flint children under 5 had elevated blood lead levels, but after the change this increased to 4.9%, a statistically significant increase. The neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels experienced the largest increases, with elevated blood lead levels rising from 4.0% to 10.6%. Spatial analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest increases in elevated blood lead levels, informing the public health response.
Elements of the Communication ProcessIn Chapter One, we learne.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of the Communication Process
In Chapter One, we learned communication is the process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking. To understand how the process works, we described the essential elements in the process.
For the following interaction, identify the contexts, participants, channels. message, interference (noise), and feedback.
"Maria and Damien are meandering through the park, talking and drinking bottled water. Damien finishes his bottle, replaces the lid, and tosses the bottle into the bushes at the side of the path. Maria, who has been listening to Damien talk, comes to a stop, puts her hand on her hips, stares at Damien, and says angrily, " I can't believe what you just did! Damien blushes, averts his gaze, and mumbles, "Sorry, I'll get it- I just wasn't thinking." As the tension drains from Maria's face. she gives her head a playful toss, smiles, and says, Well, just see that it doesn't happen again.
1. Contexts
a. Physical
b. Social
c. Historical
d. Psychological
2. Participants
3. Channels
4. Message
5. Interference (Noise)
6. Feedback
.
Elements of Music #1 Handout1. Rhythm the flow of music in te.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music #1 Handout
1. Rhythm
the flow of music in terms of time
2. Beat
the pulse that recurs regularly in music
3. Meter
the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed beats
4. Tempo
the speed of the beats in a piece of music
5. Polyrhythm
two or more rhythm patterns occurring simultaneously
6. Pitch
the perceived highness or lowness of a musical sound
7. Melody
a series of consecutive pitches that form a cohesive musical entity
8. Counterpoint
two or more independent lines with melodic character occurring at the same time
9. Harmony
the simultaneous sounds of several pitches, usually in accompanying a melody
10. Dynamics
the amount of loudness in music
11. Timbre
tone quality or tone color in music
12. Form
the pattern or plan of a musical work
Framework for Improving
Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
Version 1.1
National Institute of Standards and Technology
April 16, 2018
April 16, 2018 Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1
This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.CSWP.04162018 ii
No t e t o Rea d er s o n t h e U p d a t e
Version 1.1 of this Cybersecurity Framework refines, clarifies, and enhances Version 1.0, which
was issued in February 2014. It incorporates comments received on the two drafts of Version 1.1.
Version 1.1 is intended to be implemented by first-time and current Framework users. Current
users should be able to implement Version 1.1 with minimal or no disruption; compatibility with
Version 1.0 has been an explicit objective.
The following table summarizes the changes made between Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Table NTR-1 - Summary of changes between Framework Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Update Description of Update
Clarified that terms like
“compliance” can be
confusing and mean
something very different
to various Framework
stakeholders
Added clarity that the Framework has utility as a structure and
language for organizing and expressing compliance with an
organization’s own cybersecurity requirements. However, the
variety of ways in which the Framework can be used by an
organization means that phrases like “compliance with the
Framework” can be confusing.
A new section on self-
assessment
Added Section 4.0 Self-Assessing Cybersecurity Risk with the
Framework to explain how the Framework can be used by
organizations to understand and assess their cybersecurity risk,
including the use of measurements.
Greatly expanded
explanation of using
Framework for Cyber
Supply Chain Risk
Management purposes
An expanded Section 3.3 Communicating Cybersecurity
Requirements with Stakeholders helps users better understand
Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), while a new
Section 3.4 Buying Decisions highlights use of the Framework
in understanding risk associated with commercial off-the-shelf
products and services. Additional Cyber SCRM criteria we.
Elements of Music Report InstrumentsFor the assignment on the el.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music Report Instruments
For the assignment on the elements of music, students will write a report with a minimum of 300 words.
Students must select one element of music that they consider to be the most important element:
Melody
Rhythm
Harmony
Form
When writing the report, be sure you address the following questions:
Why did you select this element from among all the rest?
Do you think that all kinds of music could exist without your selected element? Elaborate on your view.
Describe a piece of music that highlights the use of your selected element.
I encourage students do research on their element of music in order to get ideas for their reports. All reports must be original works!
Do not quote any source or anybody’s thoughts. Quotes are not permitted in this Instruments Report. I am interested in your own personal thoughts, opinions, and the material you have learned from your research.
.
Elements of GenreAfter watching three of the five .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Genre
After watching three of the five movie clips listed in the
Multimedia
section, above, describe how they fit into a specific genre (or subgenre) as explained in the text. What elements of the film are characteristic of that genre? How does it fulfill the expectations of that genre? How does it play against these expectations?
Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Support your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and designing .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of Critical Thinking [WLOs 2, 3, 4] [CLOs 2, 3, 4]P.docxtoltonkendal
This document provides resources for students to develop their critical thinking skills. It includes readings on common misconceptions of critical thinking, combating fake news, and teaching critical thinking. Videos define critical thinking and discuss recognizing fake news. Students are prompted to explain elements of critical thinking, analyze examples demonstrating strong and weak critical thinking, and reflect on applying their education to their career and community.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and design.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of a contact due 16 OctRead the Case Campbell Soup Co. v..docxtoltonkendal
Elements of a contact due 16 Oct
Read the Case Campbell Soup Co. v. Wentz in the text. Answer the following questions:
1. What were the terms of the contract between Campbell and the Wentzes?
2. Did the Wentzes perform under the contract?
3. Did the court find specific performance to be an adequate legal remedy in this case?
4. Why did the court refuse to help Campbell in enforcing its legal contract?
5. How could Campbell change its contract in the future so as to avoid the unconsionability problem?
Facts:
Per
a
written
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
Company
(a
New
Jersey
company)
and
the
Wentzes
(carrot
farmers
in
Pennsylvania),
the
Wentzes
would
deliver
to
Campbell
all
the
Chantenay
red
cored
carrots
to
be
grown
on
the
Wentz
farm
during
the
1947
season.
The
contract
price
for
the
carrots
was
$30
per
ton.
The
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
and
all
sellers
of
carrots
was
drafted
by
Campbell
and
it
had
a
provision
that
prohibited
farmers/sellers
from
selling
their
carrots
to
anyone
else,
except
those
carrots
that
were
rejected
by
Campbell.
The
contract
also
had
a
liquidated
damages
provision
of
$50
per
ton
if
the
seller
breached,
but
it
had
no
similar
provision
in
the
event
Campbell
breached.
The
contract
not
only
allowed
Campbell
to
reject
nonconforming
carrots,
but
gave
Campbell
the
right
to
determine
who
could
buy
the
carrots
it
had
rejected.
The
Wentzes
harvested
100
tons
of
carrots,
but
because
the
market
price
at
the
time
of
harvesting
was
$90
per
ton
for
these
rare
carrots,
the
Wentzes
refused
to
deliver
them
to
Campbell
and
sold
62
tons
of
their
carrots
to
a
farmer
who
sold
some
of
those
carrots
to
Campbell.
Campbell
sued
the
Wentzes,
asking
for
the
court's
order
to
stop
further
sale
of
the
contracted
carrots
to
others
and
to
compel
specific
performance
of
the
contract.
The
trial
court
ruled
for
the
Wentzes
and
Campbell
appealed.
Issues:
Is
specific
performance
an
appropriate
legal
remedy
in
this
case
or
is
the
contract
unconscionable?
Discussion:
In
January
1948,
it
was
virtually
impossible
to
obtain
Chantenay
carrots
in
the
open
market.
Campbell
used
Chantenay
carrots
(which
are
easier
to
process
for
soup
making
than
other
carrots)
in
large
quantities
and
furnishes
the
seeds
to
farmers
with
whom
it
contracts.
Campbell
contracted
for
carrots
long
ahead,
and
farmers
entered
into
the
contract
willingly.
If
the
facts
of
this
case
were
this
simple,
specific
performance
should
have
been
granted.
However,
the
problem
is
with
the
contract
itself,
which
was
one-sided.
According
to
the
appellate
court,
the
most
direct
example
of
unconscionability
was
the
provision
that,
under
certain
.
Elements for analyzing mise en sceneIdentify the components of.docxtoltonkendal
Elements for analyzing mise en scene
Identify the components of the shot, but explaining the meaning or significance behind those components and connecting the shot to the themes of the film
1. Dominant: Where is the eye attracted first? Why?
2. Lighting key: High key? Low key? High contrast? Some combination of these?
3. Shot and camera proxemics: What type of shot? How far away is the camera from the action?
4. Angle: Is the viewer (through the eye of the camera) looking up or down on the subject? Or is the camera neutral (eye level)?
5. Color values: What is the dominant color? Are there contrasting foils? Is there color symbolism?
6. Lens/filter/stock: How do these distort or comment on the
photographed materials?
7. Subsidiary contrasts: What are the main eye-stops after taking in the dominant?
8. Density: How much visual information is packed into the image? Is the texture stark, moderate, or highly detailed?
9. Composition: How is the two-dimensional space segmented and organized? What is the underlying design?
10. Form: Open or closed? Does the image suggest a window that arbitrarily isolates a fragment of the scene? Or a proscenium arch, in which the visual elements are carefully arranged and held in balance?
11. Framing: Tight or loose? Do characters have little to no room to move, or can they move freely without impediments?
12. Depth: On how many planes is the image composed? Does the background or foreground comment in any way on the midground?
13. Character placement: What part of the framed space do the characters occupy? Center? Top? Bottom? Edges? Why?
14. Staging positions: Which way do the characters look vis-à-vis the camera?
15. Character proxemics: How much space is between the
characters?
What are the 4 distinct formal elements that make up a film's mise en scene?
• staging of the action
• physical setting and decor
• the manner in which these materials are framed
• the manner in which they are photographed
.
Elements in the same row have the same number of () levelsWhi.docxtoltonkendal
Elements in the same row have the same number of (*) levels
Which elements in B O U L A N would be in the same family? Which would have the same number of energy levels? Highest mass? Lowest mass?
Which is more reactive? Uranium or Lithium
Will elements B and U lose electrons in a chemical reactor?
Will elements B and U form positive or negative ions?
Thanks so much (:
.
ELEG 421 Control Systems Transient and Steady State .docxtoltonkendal
ELEG 421
Control Systems
Transient and Steady State
Response Analyses
Dr. Ashraf A. Zaher
American University of Kuwait
College of Arts and Science
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Layout
2
Objectives
This chapter introduces the analysis of the time response of different
control systems under different scenarios. Only first and second order
systems will be considered in details using analytical and numerical
methods. Extension to higher order systems will be developed. Both
transient and steady state responses will be evaluated. Stability analysis
will be analyzed for different kinds of feedback, while investigating the
effect of both proportional and derivative control actions on the
performance of the closed-loop system. Finally systems types and
steady state errors will be calculated for unity feedback.
Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
evaluate both transient/steady state responses for control systems,
analyze the stability of closed-loop LTI systems,
investigate the effect of P and I control actions on performance, and
understand dominant dynamics of higher order systems.
Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Introduction
3
Test signals
Transient response
Steady state response
Analytical techniques, and
Numerical (simulation) techniques.
Stability (definition and analysis methods),
Relative stability, and
Effect of P/I control actions on stability and performance.
Summary of the used systems:
First order systems,
Second order systems, and
Higher order systems.
Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Test Signals
4 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Impulse function:
Used to simulate shock inputs,
Laplace transform: 1.
Step function:
Used to simulate sudden disturbances,
Laplace transform: 1/s.
Ramp function:
Used to simulate gradually changing inputs,
Laplace transform: 1/s2.
Sinusoidal function(s):
Used to test response to a certain frequency,
Laplace transform: s/(s2+ω2) for cos(ωt) and ω/(s2+ω2) for sin(ωt).
White noise function:
Used to simulate random noise,
It is a stochastic signal that is easier to deal with in the time domain.
Total response:
C(s) = R(s)*TF(s) = Ctr(s) + Css(s) → c(t) = ctr(t) + css(t)
Fundamentals
5 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Definitions:
Zeros (Z) of the TF
Poles (P) of the TF
Transient Response (Natural)
Steady State Response (Forced)
Total Response
Limits:
Initial values
Final values
Systems (?Zs):
First order (one P)
Second order (two Ps)
Higher order!
More:
Stability and relative stability
Steady state errors (unity feedback)
First Order Systems
6 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
TF:
T: time constant
Unit Step Response:
1
1
)(
)(
+
=
TssR
sC
)/1(
11
1
1
1
11
)(
TssTs
T
sTss
sC
+
−=
+
−=
+
=
Ttetc /1)( −−=
632.01)( 1 =−== −eTtc
T
e
Tdt
tdc Tt
t
11)( /
0
== −
=
01)0( 0 =−== etc
11)( =−=∞= −∞etc
First Order Systems.
Element 010 ASSIGNMENT 3000 WORDS (100)Task Individual assign.docxtoltonkendal
Element 010 ASSIGNMENT: 3000 WORDS (100%)
Task: Individual assignment (3000 words)
Weighting: 100%
Assessment Case Study:
Greenland Garden Centre
[1]
Jon Smith spread his arms widely as he surveyed his garden centre.
‘Of course the whole market for leisure products and services, especially garden-related products, has been expanding over the last few years. Even so, we have been particularly successful. Partly this is because we are conveniently located, but it is also because we have developed a reputation for excellent service. Customers like coming to us for advice. We have also been successful in attracting some of the ‘personality gardeners’ from television to make special appearances. My main ambition now is to fully develop all of our twelve hectares to make the centre a place people will want to visit in its own right. I envisage the centre developing into almost a mini gardening theme park with special gardens, beautiful grounds and special events.’
Greenland is a large village situated in the Cotswolds, a popular tourist area of the UK. It has an interesting range of shops and restaurants, mainly catering for the tourist trade. About half a mile outside the village is the Greenland Garden Centre. The garden centre is served by a good network of main roads but is inaccessible by public transport.
Growth over the last five years has been dramatic and the garden centre now sells many other goods as well as gardening requisites. It also has a restaurant. It is open seven days a week, only closing on Christmas Day. Its opening hours are Monday– Saturday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Sunday 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. all year round.
Outside the centre
The centre has a large car park which can accommodate about 350 cars. Outside the entrance a map indicates the various areas in the garden centre. Most customers walk round the grounds before making their purchases. The length of time people spend in the centre varies but, according to a recent study, averages 53 minutes during the week and 73 minutes at weekends.
The same study shows the extent to which the number of customers arriving at the garden centre varies depending on the time of year, day of the week, and time of day. There are two peaks in customer numbers, one during the late spring/early summer period and another in the build up to Christmas, as Greenland puts on particularly good Christmas displays.
Indoor sales area
The range of goods has increased dramatically over the past few years and now includes items such as:
pets and aquatics
seeds
fertilisers
indoor pots and plants
gardening equipment
garden lighting
conservatory-style furniture
outdoor clothing
picture gallery
books and toys
delicatessen
wine
kitchen equipment
soft furnishing
outdoor eating equipment
gifts, stationery, cards, aromatherapy products
freshly cut flowers
dried flowers.
Outside sales area
In the open air and in large glasshouses there is a complete range of plants, shrubs and trees. Gre.
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory Dr. Jibran Khan Yous.docxtoltonkendal
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
1
LAB 4: CONVOLUTION
Background & Concepts
Convolution is denoted by:
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛]
Your book has described the "flip and shift" method for performing convolution. First, we
set up two signals 𝑥[𝑘] and ℎ[𝑘]:
Flip one of the signals, say ℎ[𝑘], to form ℎ[−𝑘]:
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
2
Shift ℎ[−𝑘] by n to form ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]. For each value of 𝑛, form 𝑦[𝑛] by multiplying and
summing all the element of the product of𝑥[𝑘]ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘], −∞ < 𝑘 < ∞. The figure
below shows an example of the calculation of𝑦[1]. The top panel shows𝑥[𝑘]. The
middle panel showsℎ[1 − 𝑘]. The lower panel shows𝑥[𝑘]𝑦[1 − 𝑘]. Note that this is a
sequence on a 𝑘 axis. The sum of the lower sequence over all k gives 𝑦[1] = 2.
We repeat this shifting, multiplication and summing for all values of 𝑛 to get the
complete sequence 𝑦[𝑛]:
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
3
The conv Command
conv(x,h) performs a 1-D convolution of vectors 𝑥 and ℎ. The resulting vector 𝑦
has length length(𝑦) = length(𝑥) + length(ℎ) − 1. Imagine vector 𝑥 as being
stationary and the flipped version of ℎ is slid from left to right. Note that conv(x,h) =
conv(h,x). An example of the convolution of two signals and plotting the result is
below:
>> x = [0.5 0.5 0.5]; %define input signal x[n]
>> h = [3.0 2.0 1.0]; %unit-pulse response h[n]
>> y = conv(x,h); %compute output y[n] via convolution
>> n = 0:(length(y)-1); %for plotting y[n]
>> stem(n,y) % plot y[n]
>> grid;
>> xlabel('n');
>> ylabel('y[n]');
>> title('Output of System via Convolution');
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
4
Deconvolution
The command [q,r] = deconv(v,u), deconvolves vector u out of vector v, using long
division. The quotient is returned in vector q and the remainder in vector r such that
v = conv(u,q)+r. If u and v are vectors of polynomial coefficients, convolving them is
equivalent to multiplying the two polynomials, and deconvolution is polynomial
division. The result of dividing v by u is quotient q and remainder r. An examples is
below:
If
>> u = [1 2 3 4];
>> v = [10 20 30];
The convolution is:
>> c = conv(u,v)
c =
10 40 100 160 170 120
Use deconvolution to recover v.
>> [q,r] = deconv(c,u)
q =
10 20 30
r =
0 0 0 0 0 0
This gives a quotient equal to v and a zero remainder.
Structures
Structures in Matlab are just like structures in C. They are basically containers that
allow one
Electronic Media PresentationChoose two of the following.docxtoltonkendal
Electronic Media Presentation
Choose
two of the following types of electronic media:
Radio
Sound recording
Motion pictures
Broadcast television
Research
the history of the media types your team selected. Include the following information in your presentation:
Introduction
Notable founders and parent organizations of your electronic media types
Notable historical dates
Dates of mergers with other radio stations, record production companies, motion picture companies, or television networks to form a large media conglomerate
Date the media types launched their websites, became active on the Internet, or became active in social media integration
Identify past, present, and future challenges confronting these types of media. How has the digital era affected them? Which types are best suited to adapt to the future? Explain why
How do these challenges affect advertising in these organizations--outside companies advertising--and advertising for these media--companies promoting themselves to others? What are innovative advertising strategies these media have engaged in?
What are two similarities and two differences between the two media types?
Conclusion
Present your Electronic Media Presentation.
These are 10- to 12-slideMicrosoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentations with notes.
.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. Running head: RESEARCH TOPICS
1
Research topics:
4
RESEARCH TOPICS
5
Research Topics
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
July 13, 2017
Topic 1: Should funding for the U.S space program be changed?
Government should not reduce funds that support space
programs. Space exploration protects us from asteroids. We
need a well-funded space program which must have the capacity
to monitor asteroids which have potential to destroy earth.
Space program brings great discoveries. Space research has
brought many innovations that are used in everyday life
(Steinberg, 2011). Again, it inspires younger generation to
specialize in scientific courses or science education. Again, we
need to colonize space since we have experienced enough
damage here on earth as a result of space effects. Earth
currently contains almost 6.9 billion people we need to put all
these people somewhere hence colonizing space is the big
dream (McCurdy, 2011).
Space administration is one of the programs that U.S
government has decided it cannot continue funding. United
States government does not believe that space programs are
worthy more than 0.5 percent of the United States budget. The
2. government decided to cut down money directed to space
program in order to reduce deficit and also boost the economy.
In this case, resources that are directed into space program are
investment that can stimulate and improve economy. The most
crucial reason why space program must be funded is defense.
Specifically, the whole planet and all species need protection
from space threats (Steinberg, 2011).
The audience will be all stakeholders including government
officials, scientists, science students and any other interested
party.
Topic 2: Should taxes on alcohol and tobacco be increased to
help pay for rising medical costs?
Increasing taxes on tobacco and alcohol will reduce diseases
which are curable United State. According to the CDCP
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), alcohol and
smoking causes about 443,000 deaths per year. Doctors
estimates that about 44.8 million drunkards and smokers will
prematurely die of drug related complication. Drunkards and
Smokers are more likely to suffer from heart related diseases
(Collins et al 2008). Low levels or quantities of tobacco also
increase risks of poor cardiac performance. Alcohol and
smoking contents increases risks of stroke to users, pregnancy
problems and premature births.
Many policy makers argue that, tax increase on tobacco would
be regressive. The centre part of their argument is that, low
income earners tend to smoke more which increase their
consumption budget. Studies have proven that, many people
cannot fully account for their health risks of smoking and many
are likely to quit smoking (Karanikolos et al 2013). Therefore,
the issue of taxes and controlling smoking needs more research.
The cost of administering medicals to affected people is more
than the preventive costs. This form the basis of research on
this topic.
3. The audience in this case will be policy makers, people affected
by alcohol and cigarette smoking and doctors.
Topic 3: Should colleges and universities expel students who
are caught cheating on exams and / or plagiarizing their
homework assignments?
Cheating is a crime in exams rooms or in assignments given to
individual student. Cheating has negative consequences to
students who are found guilty of the same. It lowers student’s
confidence and self-respect (Simkin et al 2010). It becomes a
behavior which is hard to stay away from it once you become
addicted. Students who are caught cheating lose trust from their
peers and also from their teachers. It is a waste of time for
students going to schools since no knowledge will be developed
(Davis et al, 2011).
Modern society seems to promote and encourage anything that it
takes for one to succeed or win. People have it in their mind
that, it is okay to step on other people as you go to the top.
Lack of values such as integrity and honesty are major
contributors to exam cheating and plagiarism. Therefore, this
research topic will study how exam cheating and plagiarism
affects student’s performance (Dvis et al, 2011).
The audience will be parents, teachers, students and education
stakeholders.
Reference
Steinberg, A. (2011). Space policy responsiveness: The
relationship between public opinion and
NASA funding. Space Policy, 27(4), 240-246.
McCurdy, H. E. (2011). Space and the American imagination.
4. JHU Press.
Collins, D. J., & Lapsley, H. M. (2008). The costs of tobacco,
alcohol and illicit drug abuse to
Australian society in 2004/05. Canberra: Department of Health
and Ageing.
Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu,
S., Stuckler, D., ... & McKee, M.
(2013). Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe. The
Lancet, 381(9874), 1323-
1331.
Simkin, M. G., & McLeod, A. (2010). Why do college students
cheat?. Journal of Business
Ethics, 94(3), 441-453.
Davis, S. F., Drinan, P. F., & Gallant, T. B. (2011). Cheating in
school: What we know and what
we can do. John Wiley & Sons.
4
Running head: RESEARCH TOPICS
1
Research topics:
4
RESEARCH TOPICS
5
Research Topics
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
5. ENG 215
July 13, 2017
Topic 1: Should funding for the U.S space program be changed?
Government should not reduce funds that support space
programs. Space exploration protects us from asteroids. We
need a well-funded space program which must have the capacity
to monitor asteroids which have potential to destroy earth.
Space program brings great discoveries. Space research has
brought many innovations that are used in everyday life
(Steinberg, 2011). Again, it inspires younger generation to
specialize in scientific courses or science education. Again, we
need to colonize space since we have experienced enough
damage here on earth as a result of space effects. Earth
currently contains almost 6.9 billion people we need to put all
these people somewhere hence colonizing space is the big
dream (McCurdy, 2011).
Space administration is one of the programs that U.S
government has decided it cannot continue funding. United
States government does not believe that space programs are
worthy more than 0.5 percent of the United States budget. The
government decided to cut down money directed to space
program in order to reduce deficit and also boost the economy.
In this case, resources that are directed into space program are
investment that can stimulate and improve economy. The most
crucial reason why space program must be funded is defense.
Specifically, the whole planet and all species need protection
from space threats (Steinberg, 2011).
The audience will be all stakeholders including government
officials, scientists, science students and any other interested
party.
Topic 2: Should taxes on alcohol and tobacco be increased to
6. help pay for rising medical costs?
Increasing taxes on tobacco and alcohol will reduce diseases
which are curable United State. According to the CDCP
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), alcohol and
smoking causes about 443,000 deaths per year. Doctors
estimates that about 44.8 million drunkards and smokers will
prematurely die of drug related complication. Drunkards and
Smokers are more likely to suffer from heart related diseases
(Collins et al 2008). Low levels or quantities of tobacco also
increase risks of poor cardiac performance. Alcohol and
smoking contents increases risks of stroke to users, pregnancy
problems and premature births.
Many policy makers argue that, tax increase on tobacco would
be regressive. The centre part of their argument is that, low
income earners tend to smoke more which increase their
consumption budget. Studies have proven that, many people
cannot fully account for their health risks of smoking and many
are likely to quit smoking (Karanikolos et al 2013). Therefore,
the issue of taxes and controlling smoking needs more research.
The cost of administering medicals to affected people is more
than the preventive costs. This form the basis of research on
this topic.
The audience in this case will be policy makers, people affected
by alcohol and cigarette smoking and doctors.
Topic 3: Should colleges and universities expel students who
are caught cheating on exams and / or plagiarizing their
homework assignments?
Cheating is a crime in exams rooms or in assignments given to
individual student. Cheating has negative consequences to
students who are found guilty of the same. It lowers student’s
confidence and self-respect (Simkin et al 2010). It becomes a
behavior which is hard to stay away from it once you become
addicted. Students who are caught cheating lose trust from their
peers and also from their teachers. It is a waste of time for
students going to schools since no knowledge will be developed
7. (Davis et al, 2011).
Modern society seems to promote and encourage anything that it
takes for one to succeed or win. People have it in their mind
that, it is okay to step on other people as you go to the top.
Lack of values such as integrity and honesty are major
contributors to exam cheating and plagiarism. Therefore, this
research topic will study how exam cheating and plagiarism
affects student’s performance (Dvis et al, 2011).
The audience will be parents, teachers, students and education
stakeholders.
Reference
Steinberg, A. (2011). Space policy responsiveness: The
relationship between public opinion and
NASA funding. Space Policy, 27(4), 240-246.
McCurdy, H. E. (2011). Space and the American imagination.
JHU Press.
Collins, D. J., & Lapsley, H. M. (2008). The costs of tobacco,
alcohol and illicit drug abuse to
Australian society in 2004/05. Canberra: Department of Health
and Ageing.
Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu,
S., Stuckler, D., ... & McKee, M.
(2013). Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe. The
Lancet, 381(9874), 1323-
1331.
Simkin, M. G., & McLeod, A. (2010). Why do college students
cheat?. Journal of Business
Ethics, 94(3), 441-453.
Davis, S. F., Drinan, P. F., & Gallant, T. B. (2011). Cheating in
8. school: What we know and what
we can do. John Wiley & Sons.
4
Running head: TAXES ON ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
1
TAXES ON ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
2
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
July 18, 2017
Proposed research topic
Should taxes on alcohol and tobacco be increased to help pay
for rising medical costs?
Introduction
Alcohol and tobacco are globally referred to as drugs due to the
fact they alter the normal thinking, working and performance of
an individual. My core reasons for focussing on this topic
include the fact that the consumption rate for both alcohol and
tobacco keeps increasing on a daily despite the increased
awareness of its harmful effects. This has positively impacted
the economy but in the bigger picture, it is the degree of impact
9. of its negativity on family and society that has always been felt
and it still is. Another reason is that alcohol and tobacco are the
leading causes of immature death throughout the world.
Excessive indulgence with both results to health complications
that when not attended to with the urgency required may and
can result to death.
Statement of the problem
The world health organization has continuously and vehemently
concluded that alcohol and tobacco use complications as the top
five killer diseases in the world. I however lack the gears to
support that since it is not all heavy users of alcohol and
tobacco that experience immature deaths. Is the use alcohol and
tobacco substances the sole killer?
Characteristics of the audience
The research will be carried out on the middle classed
individuals who get a fair income and might be perceived to
living a modest life style.
Objective of the study
i. To analyse the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on health.
ii. To analyse the degree of alcohol and tobacco consumption on
the population.
Scope of the study
The research will be carried out to find out how low taxes
imposed on alcohol and tobacco are affecting the health status
of the community. People covered will be the active users of the
substances plus their passive counterparts. Their comparison in
health status will be key in the study.
Research questions
i. What impact does tax imposed on alcohol and tobacco have?
ii. What are the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on the
society?
iii. Is the health of an individual in any way dependant to the
use of alcohol and tobacco?
Research plan and methods
i. Use of questionnaire
ii. Carrying out interviews with the users and non-users
10. iii. Carrying out experiments
iv. Observations
References
Ahlfeldt, G., Maennig, W. (2010), Impact of non-smoking
ordinances on hospitality
revenues: The case of Germany, in Journal of Economics and
Statistics, 230(5), 506-
521; preliminary version in: Hamburg Contemporary Discussion
Papers N° 26
Shoaib, M.; Lowe, A.; Williams, S. (2012). "Imaging localised
dynamic changes in the
nucleus accumbens following nicotine withdrawal in
rats". NeuroImage. 22 (2): 847–
854
Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (2007). "The
health care costs of
smoking".New England Journal of Medicine.337(15): 1052–
1057.
Chandra, S.; Shiffman, S.; Scharf, M.; Dang, Q.; Shadel, G.
(Feb 2007). "Daily smoking
patterns, their determinants, and implications for
quitting". Experimental and clinical
psychopharmacology. 15 (1): 67–80.
Goldberg, Ray (2005) Drugs Across the Spectrum. 5th ed.
Thomson Brooks/Cole
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011).
"Annual smoking-attributable
mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs--
United States, 1995-
2009". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51 (14): 300–3.
11. Running head: TAXES ON ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
1
TAXES ON ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
5
Kesha Harper
Strayer University
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
August 1, 2017
Introduction
Alcohol and tobacco are highly used drugs in our country.
Should taxes be imposed on the two drugs to enable the country
to meet the rising medical costs? Increasing on the two drugs
will provide some amount used to cater for the medical costs
but will his be able to solve it. Raising taxes on the two drugs
will affect the performances of the different companies and
users of both alcohol and tobacco (Chaloupka, 2011). Will the
imposition of high taxes on alcohol and tobacco be capable of
providing medical costs for the different patients? Will the
taxes affect the consumption patterns of the different
individuals in our society and how will this benefit the medical
field? These are discussed below.
12. History of the problem
Medical costs in the US have been consistently increasing over
the ears resulting from the different increases in the number of
the smokers and drunkards in the nation. Most of the individuals
who drink alcohol or smoke tobacco are in the high levels of
being infected by different illness like the lung cancer, heart
disease and the liver cirrhosis whose medication is quite
expensive (Chaloupka, Yurekli & Fong, 2012). The rising of the
taxes in the two drugs will be one of the strategies of reducing
the medical costs involved through reducing the number of the
different drunkards and smokers in the country which also face
some challenges.
Problems of imposing taxes on alcohol and tobacco
Unemployment
The increase in the taxes to the alcohol and tobacco
consumption will highly affect the different industries in the US
because an increase in taxes will lead to extra costs in their
operations. This high taxation will make different companies to
employ different strategies of minimizing the costs like the
laying down some of their employees which will lead to high
levels of unemployment in the economy (Grossman, 2013). The
high levels of unemployment will lead to increase in the levels
of dependency ratio among the few employed ones which leads
to low living standards.
Reduction in government revenues
The imposition of the taxes on alcohol and tobacco will also
affect the level of the government revenue collected from the
different companies involved in these businesses. Most of the
individuals who smoke and take alcohol will reduce their
consumption rate and this will mean that there will be a
reduction in the amount available for the different companies to
pass the tax on the income earned after the process has occurred
(Karanikolos, 2013).
High taxes will mean most of the different intended companies
who were in the verge of entering into the market for the
business will deviate their ideas in fear of facing challenges of
13. being in loss making process which will mean that the different
charges in the process of business legislation and taxes on their
activities will not be earned by the government and hence
reduce their level of the available incomes in form of revenues.
The reduction in the available incomes in the government as
revenues will hence affect their investments in the medical field
in form of buying technologically advanced machines for the
treatment of the different illnesses among the different
individuals.
Increased consumption of alternative drugs
Higher taxes on the alcohol and tobacco may force the users
more so those who are addicted to shift to the use of other drugs
like the consumption of higher tar and higher nicotine cigarettes
which will lead to high levels of change in the consumption of
both the alcohol and the tobacco. The consumption of these two
drugs will also be in the high levels of causing infections to the
different individuals and hence the medical costs will also
remain not be high. High taxes will affect the different
consumers of the two drugs and highly affect the poor
individual who are not able to maintain the same trend of taking
the two drugs (Karanikolos, 2013). The poor ones who are
highly addicted will hence find an alternative which will be
through shifting their consumption to other lowly priced drugs
in the economy and hence there will be reduction in the
consumers in alcohol and tobacco but an increase in the demand
of the other related drugs like the high nicotine cigarettes.
These cigarettes will also cause the different health difficulties
among the different consumes who will be using them and hence
here will be no changes in the medical costs.
Conclusion
Higher taxation on the alcohol and tobacco though will lead to a
rise of different problems in the economy like unemployment,
reduction in the government revenues and shifting of the
different consumers to other drugs should be implemented.
Implementation of the high taxes on the two drugs will lead to
an increase in the process of their products which will make
14. most of the users to reduce their usage rate and this will have a
long-term benefit to the economy and the medical field
(Grossman, 2013). The high taxes will mean that there will be
the reduction in the number of the increasing diseases resulting
from their consumption like lung cancer and hence this will lead
to a reduction in their medical costs. Hence, the government
should impose high taxes on the alcohol and tobacco.
References
Chaloupka, F. J., Yurekli, A., & Fong, G. T. (2012). Tobacco
taxes as a tobacco control strategy. Tobacco control, 21(2), 172-
180.
Grossman, M., Sindelar, J. L., Mullahy, J., & Anderson, R. T.
(2013). Policy Watch; Alcohol and Cigarette Taxes.
Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu,
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Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
1
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
9
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
15. Strayer University
1 June 2017
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from
tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are
subjected to a sin tax. A sin tax is an excise tax that is
specifically imposed on services such as gambling viewed as
defamatory in society. The government sanctions these
commodities for the purposes of alluring duties, an important
part of most states' economies. Revenue taxes from these
commodities are used to generate public revenue. These
proceeds are of essence foresees the government help in funding
special state projects, cracking medical expenses as well as
funding education programs among other projections.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects taxes on alcohol
and tobacco as these assesses are deliberated as income.
Alcohol duties are admitted in the price one pays for beer, perry
or cider, wine, and spirits. Tobacco Duty, on the other hand, is
admitted in the price one pays for cigars, cigarettes and other
various tobacco products (Graves, 2000).
Regarding an analysis on sin taxes on alcohol and tobacco, "The
revenue lost to the illicit trade could fund a modest but much-
needed tax cut for millions of families while preventing
smugglers from profiting because of deeply regressive 'sin
taxes' which hit the poorest hardest. It is high time the
Government offered struggling taxpayers a better deal instead
of kowtowing to the self-appointed lifestyle police who remain
oblivious to the cost of ever-rising duties on ordinary
taxpayers" (Graves, 2000).
In the United States, alcohol and tobacco are items that are used
together. Studies show that people who smoke cigarettes and
various tobacco products are more than likely to drink and
16. people who drink are much more likely to smoke. Likewise, the
dependence on tobacco and alcohol is correlated. People who
depend on alcohol are three times most likely, in the general
population to be smokers, and people who depend on tobacco
are four times most likely to depend on alcohol. However, the
government imposes taxes in this both alcohol and tobacco as an
aid in contribution to the country’s’ revenue.
The government, through the IRS, ensures adequate support to
projects as a vantage to the reward on these proceeds. The US
defense has is a beneficiary of the expenditure on the military
as well as national defense. This outlook consists of adequate
protection of the country as well as ensuring there is civil rest
positively for economic reward. Nevertheless, this expenditure
does not enumerate spending on veteran’s welfares. The
benefits for veterans who have served the military include
medical care and pensions and are seen to have steadily
increased in recent years. According to the Department of
Veterans Affairs, there exist roughly 22 million veterans in the
United States.
The Healthcare system also inhibits as a benefactor to these
taxes that are imposed on sin tax goods, specifically alcohol and
tobacco. The high health care costs within the United States are
regulated through Medicaid, the government’s health insurance
program for the poor. Also, programs such as Consumer health
programs and Children’s Health Insurance Program are funded.
This aids at a social aspect, besides economic and political
environs as well.
Through general taxation, the IRS ensures for Income Security.
This includes the retirement and the disability benefits for job
training programs, federal employees, and other similar
programs. The government is also able to provide temporary
assistance to Needy Families program, which provides cash
benefits and other support to the poor.
17. According to the IRS, Education sums up to 3% of the
governments’ tax beneficiary. Through this government
allocation, the Education system is able to carry out its function
backing up of educational researchers and innovations though
people will feel better about funding education rather than
defense irrespective of the numbers that are depicted from the
defense system.
Consequently, sin taxes contribute to the wider revenue
contribution allocated on the federal budget in enabling the
United States to cater for Foreign aid programs. According to a
survey, “Many people believe the government spends a lot and
the average American guessed 31% of the federal budget on
foreign aid.”
Medicare is also a beneficiary to taxes implications on a sin tax.
Through these taxes, it is noted that Medicare constitutes of
about 15% of the federal budget. Health care-related
expenditures are continuing to billow over the coming years
requires for regeneration and improvement. Medicare is
incredibly important for the huge portion of the American
population and the high medical expenses seems to be a pinch to
the larger American population.
However, the IRS, allows an individual to deduct qualified
medical expenses that exceed 10% of your adjusted gross
income for the year. This is an individual’s taxable income
without any alterations to income such as contributions to an
Individual Retirement Account, student loan interest, and
deductions.
Consorting to a report on IRS, “the IRS allows you to deduct
preventative care, treatment, surgeries and dental and vision
care as qualifying medical expenses. You can also deduct visits
to psychologists and psychiatrists. Prescription medications and
18. appliances such as glasses, contacts, false teeth and hearing aids
are also deductible.”
The IRS also lets an individual deduct the expenses that he/she
pays for travel for medical care such as bus fare, parking fees
and mileage on a car.
Irrespective to the governments’ gain in economic benefits
through taxation, it is necessary to offer a resolution to
gambling. As it is seen, gambling is inevitable and is considered
a vice in society. It is therefore important to understand that the
addiction to gambling is real, and its consequences are as well
as tragic, just as of alcohol and generally drug abuse.
The American Medical Association and the American
Psychiatric Association recognizes general alcohol and tobacco
abuse as a correlating social vice. According to a recent report
by Frank J. Chaloupka, the use of tobacco in the United States
is alarming comprising of an adult smoking prevalence of
22.8%, a youth smoking prevalence of 28.5%, having more than
40% of adult smokers trying to quit in the pasts year a
population comprising of more than 70% saying they would
want to quit smoking.
In his report, he also ascertained that smoking in the United
States was slightly declining over the past two decades and also
becoming more concentrated in the lowest income, who are, the
least educated segments of the population. Youth smoking
arising much of the 1990s and fallen in recent years. Also, the
use of tobacco is rising in many developing countries.
On the other hand, the use of alcohol in the United States
incorporates an adult drinking prevalence of 64%, a youth
drinking prevalence of 73%, college student drinking prevalence
of 81%. Close to a half of all alcohol consumed by 10% of those
who drink most frequently and heaviest drinkers. Also, there is
19. a moderate downward trend in drinking among the adult
population. Notably, drinking among the youth and college
students is not changing much in the recent years.
The consequences of tobacco use are fatal and stand out as the
leading causes of the preventable death across the United
States. Over 440,000 deaths are caused by the use of tobacco
each year and globally’ estimates suggest that nearly 5 million
premature deaths are depicted from tobacco each year. The
exposure to the second-hand tobacco smoke ensues over 3,000
annual lung cancer associated deaths and over 50,000 deaths are
noted from cardiovascular diseases.
Also, the consequences of use ascertain as a major cause of
preventable death in the United States with over 100,000 deaths
each year. Nearly 60% of diseases are caused by or related to
the use of alcohol. Over 40% of these deaths are related from
violence, accidents and other outcomes that result from the use
of alcohol. The Consequences of alcohol results to violence
such as rape, homicides and assault, suicides, traffic crashes,
family instability, property crime, poor educational outcomes
among the youth, lost productivity, sexually transmitted
diseases, workplace accidents among others.
Basing on economic impact, tobacco’s estimated economic cost
is $150billion per year having $75.5 billion on medical care
costs, $81.9 billion in lost productivity and $7.18 per a pack of
cigarettes that is sold. Contrastively, alcohol’s estimated
economic cost comprises of $166.5 billion per year having
substantial costs inflicted on non-drinkers ranging from
violence, traffic crashes, and other consequences.
The link between tobacco and alcohol has an authoritative
implication for those in the field of alcohol treatment. Many
alcoholics also smoke and thereby putting them at a high risk
for tobacco-related complications as well including lung
20. disease, multiple cancers, and heart disease such as
cardiovascular disease. Statistics propose that more alcoholics
die of tobacco-related illness than the deaths from alcohol-
related problems. It is therefore needed for an intervention of
these co-occurring addictions. An effective treatment hinges on
a clear and better understanding of how these substances along
with their addictions interact (Nikolaou & Birkbeck College,
1989).
Due to the unwholesomeness and mortality associated with both
alcohol and tobacco abuse, it is very important to address these
addictions. Addiction in these co-relating vices is no doubt
associated with disorders. The treating of co-occurring
disorders remains a challenge, and all the same, evidence
suggests that combining of these treatments might be one of the
most effective ways to address concurrent addictions. Depressed
adolescents and patients, denotes additional challenges, but
research is exploring ample strategies in targeting these groups
(Lesch, 2011).
An essential strategy to this social correlating ill is the
preventive measure. This involves a system of self-control urges
to the societal vice. This can be advocated through sticking with
an individual treatment plan and monitoring cravings. Though it
might seem like a recovered appendage and thereby not take
measure to stay drug-free, the chances of staying drug-free will
be much higher if one continues seeing his/her counselor as
well as going to distinct support group meetings and also taking
prescribed medication. Avoiding high-risk situations is also
advised notably by staying away from old drug crews. These,
but a few can ideally act as a controlling measure to this alcohol
and tobacco urges (Limeback, 2012).
In conclusion, alcohol and tobacco duties are ascertained as
essential in government revenue. Concurrently, it is also viewed
as a vice inevitably taking an ill-timed course contributing to
21. negativism with respect to social ills and bad culture. The
solutions are nevertheless found to take a controlling course in
slowly amending the deceitful culture. Some of this imposition
might seem like strong medicine, but then again, we are
presenting a very severe societal illness that if adequate laws
and measures won’t take effect, the society is going to strive of
doom. But then again, the culture that sees young individual
striving in these negatively related vice is damned and the
country will adequately strive for the better.
References
Graves, B. B. (2000). Alcohol use and abuse. Mankato, Minn:
LifeMatters.
Graves, B. B. (2000). Tobacco use. Mankato, Minn:
LifeMatters.
Nikolaou, A., & Birkbeck College. (1989). Harmonisation of
tobacco and alcohol taxes in the EEC and the welfare of Greek
consumers. Birkbeck College, Department of Economics.
Lesch, O.-M. (2011). Alcohol and tobacco: Medical and
sociological aspects of usage, abuse, and addiction. Wien:
Springer.
Limeback, H. (2012). Comprehensive preventive dentistry.
Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.