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Running head: KYOTO POSITION PAPER 1
KYOTO POSITION PAPER 6
Kyoto Position Paper
Student
Professor
February 1, 2019
Introduction
Over the years, climate change has been the biggest problem the
facing the world today. One of the main causes of climate
change is as a result of the effects of human activities. One of
the aspects that are used to measure climate change is global
warming. This phenomenon, which measures the rise in global
temperature levels, has already begun. Since 1900; the global
temperature has risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius (Mathez, 2009). It
is very important that all governing bodies need to pull forces
together in order to reduce the effects of climate change in the
world. Comment by Dila Const: Vague statement…how
many years?
The establishment of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) in 1988 was aimed at bringing together the
world’s leading experts on the earth’s climate change to gather,
asses and disseminate scientific information about climate
change with a view of informing international and national
policy makers (Mathez, 2009). IPCC spearheaded conferences
and treaties which were aimed at bettering the climate change
situation. This paper will discuss the current status of the Kyoto
Treaty and what should be done about the Kyoto Protocol and
global warming in the future. Moreover, this paper will discuss
recent climate change conferences and treaties and how the
conferences and treaties are related to the Kyoto Treaty and the
United States. Comment by Dila Const: Gases?
The Kyoto Protocol, 1997
The United Nations Conference on climate change took
place in 1997. The United Nations took into consideration of
global warming in Kyoto Japan (McGovern 2006). In the period
between 2008 and 2012 The Giants’ industrial nations had
promised to reduce the use of greenhouse emission on gasses.
(Archer, 2012). The conference was of great importance because
it was the first agreement between countries on reducing the
emission of greenhouse gases. This protocol’s main feature was
mandatory targets on emissions, which ranged from -8 percent
to +10 percent of the countries’ individual 1990 emission levels
(McGovern, 2006). The industrialized nations were in
agreement to reduce the emission of the greenhouse effects by
half. By the year 2012, the emission of the greenhouse gases
were 5.2 percent on average. Comment by Dila Const: what
does this mean?
The Kyoto Protocol was seen to be an effective way to
reduce the menace of global warming. However, it was faced
with problems during the process of fulfilling its mandate. For
example, the United States of America, although they signed the
agreement, they never ratified. Canada ratified the treaty in
2001 but set up a level that other countries were unable to
achieve. The Canadian minister for environment said that
Canada was applying its legal right to withdraw. The United
States followed suit the same year and withdrew from the
agreement. The end result of the Kyoto Protocol was not nearly
as successful as it was projected to be, and it left the world in a
worse place than when it started, with many areas needing
improvement (McGovern, 2006).
Although some of the most industrialized nations withdrew
from the agreement including the United States, the Kyoto
Protocol played a major role in reducing the greenhouse
emissions by 12.5 percent which was the main cause of global
warming. Today, climate change is still a very big issue in the
world. Kyoto protocol was international law and still exists.
Although is not still active, many countries will use it as a
reference point regarding the process of securing the world from
global warming. Moreover, some of the agreements were
sparked from the failure of the Kyoto Protocol, for example, the
Paris agreement, and some adjustments were made to bring
about fairness in all of the members.
Paris Agreement, 2015
Like the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, the Paris Agreement also
brought all stakeholders on the same table with the aim of
laying out measures to reduce the effects of global warming. As
mentioned earlier, the Paris Agreement was as a result of the
failure of the Kyoto Treaty in Brazil. The developed nations
were never left behind. The developed nations were to help
them in fighting climate change. By November 4, 2016, 134 out
of 197 countries ratified the agreement after the treaty entered
to force phase. The main objective of this treaty was to
strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change
by keeping global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels this century and to pursue efforts to
reduce the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius even
further (Popovski, 2019). The main difference between the
Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Protocol is that the Parties have
undertaken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris
agreement. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol where they were
mitigated, the Paris Agreement provides a free will to the
nations on whether they need to reduce the greenhouse gases or
not. Comment by Dila Const: Underdeveloped? Comment by
Dila Const: What is force phase? Comment by Dila Const:
What was mitigated?
The United States disconnected from the Paris agreement on
June, 2017(Popovski, 2019). Few months after Donald Trump
took power, the Republican president announced that the United
States will cease to all the activities that pertain Paris
Agreement on the climate of 2015. Donald Trump termed the
agreement like the one that disadvantages the United States to
the exclusive benefit of other countries. During his campaign,
he swore that he would put the country’s interests first.
Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement was
instigated of what he believed that the Chinese are hamstringing
the United States’ economy. This has resulted in negotiations in
Germany where the headquarters for Framework Conventions on
Climates Change (FCCC) is situated at to discuss on the
rulebook. All countries including the United States will bind
them for a period of 4 years which was to end in 2020. Climate
change activists are campaigning that the United States is still
in the Paris Agreement and are pressuring the government to
attend negotiations in Germany. According to Trump, this is not
to end soon. Recently, the United States government is trying to
sabotage the Chinese economy by applying taxes on all
imported goods from China. This will mean as long as China is
in the Paris Agreement, the United States will not be part of it.
Comment by Dila Const: …will cease all activities related
to the Paris agreement… Comment by Dila Const: as
Comment by Dila Const: by his belief
Comment by Dila Const: rewrite…what does this mean?
Comment by Dila Const: Why do you believe this is
related to the Paris Agreement?
Conclusion
As the years go by, global warming is hitting the world hard
without sympathy. Countries like Australia and Libya have
recorded the highest temperatures ever recorded by the World
Meteorological Organization of 40 degrees Celsius and 58
degree Celsius respectively. Both the Kyoto and Paris Protocol
have in some way played a big role in reducing the impact of
global warming. The Kyoto Protocol was aimed at raising the
awareness on the issue the world was experiencing on climate
change. Moreover, the United Nations have several conferences
on climate change and layout measures on how the effects can
be reduced. Global warming is not an solitary concept; instead,
it requires the attention of all the countries in the world. We are
all affected by climate change in one way or another and we
should prevent the future generations from being affected.
Although there are always improvements that can be made, each
protocol and agreement set into place is one step closer towards
progress and fixing the damage that humans have done to the
world (Archer, 2012).
Comment by Dila Const: …to layout measure?
References
Archer, D. (2012). Global warming : understanding the forecast.
Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, ©2012. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-
ms.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat01480a
&AN=mrgn.004604929&site=eds-live&scope=site
Barry W. Brook. (2009). Climate Change: The Science of
Global Warming and Our Energy Future . By Edmond A.
Mathez ; student companion by Jason E. Smerdon .: Columbia
University Press . $55.00. xxii + 318 p.; ill.; index.
978‐0‐231‐14642‐5 . 2009 . The Quarterly Review of
Biology, 84(4), 407. https://doi.org/10.1086/648143
McGovern, J. (2006). The Kyoto Protocol. Pittsburgh, PA:
Dorrance Pub.
Popovski, V. (2019). The implementation of the Paris
Agreement on climate change. London: Routledge.
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Running head KYOTO POSITION PAPER1KYOTO POSITION PAPER6.docx

  • 1. Running head: KYOTO POSITION PAPER 1 KYOTO POSITION PAPER 6 Kyoto Position Paper Student Professor February 1, 2019 Introduction Over the years, climate change has been the biggest problem the facing the world today. One of the main causes of climate change is as a result of the effects of human activities. One of the aspects that are used to measure climate change is global warming. This phenomenon, which measures the rise in global temperature levels, has already begun. Since 1900; the global temperature has risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius (Mathez, 2009). It is very important that all governing bodies need to pull forces together in order to reduce the effects of climate change in the world. Comment by Dila Const: Vague statement…how many years? The establishment of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 was aimed at bringing together the world’s leading experts on the earth’s climate change to gather, asses and disseminate scientific information about climate change with a view of informing international and national policy makers (Mathez, 2009). IPCC spearheaded conferences
  • 2. and treaties which were aimed at bettering the climate change situation. This paper will discuss the current status of the Kyoto Treaty and what should be done about the Kyoto Protocol and global warming in the future. Moreover, this paper will discuss recent climate change conferences and treaties and how the conferences and treaties are related to the Kyoto Treaty and the United States. Comment by Dila Const: Gases? The Kyoto Protocol, 1997 The United Nations Conference on climate change took place in 1997. The United Nations took into consideration of global warming in Kyoto Japan (McGovern 2006). In the period between 2008 and 2012 The Giants’ industrial nations had promised to reduce the use of greenhouse emission on gasses. (Archer, 2012). The conference was of great importance because it was the first agreement between countries on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This protocol’s main feature was mandatory targets on emissions, which ranged from -8 percent to +10 percent of the countries’ individual 1990 emission levels (McGovern, 2006). The industrialized nations were in agreement to reduce the emission of the greenhouse effects by half. By the year 2012, the emission of the greenhouse gases were 5.2 percent on average. Comment by Dila Const: what does this mean? The Kyoto Protocol was seen to be an effective way to reduce the menace of global warming. However, it was faced with problems during the process of fulfilling its mandate. For example, the United States of America, although they signed the agreement, they never ratified. Canada ratified the treaty in 2001 but set up a level that other countries were unable to achieve. The Canadian minister for environment said that Canada was applying its legal right to withdraw. The United States followed suit the same year and withdrew from the agreement. The end result of the Kyoto Protocol was not nearly as successful as it was projected to be, and it left the world in a worse place than when it started, with many areas needing improvement (McGovern, 2006).
  • 3. Although some of the most industrialized nations withdrew from the agreement including the United States, the Kyoto Protocol played a major role in reducing the greenhouse emissions by 12.5 percent which was the main cause of global warming. Today, climate change is still a very big issue in the world. Kyoto protocol was international law and still exists. Although is not still active, many countries will use it as a reference point regarding the process of securing the world from global warming. Moreover, some of the agreements were sparked from the failure of the Kyoto Protocol, for example, the Paris agreement, and some adjustments were made to bring about fairness in all of the members. Paris Agreement, 2015 Like the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, the Paris Agreement also brought all stakeholders on the same table with the aim of laying out measures to reduce the effects of global warming. As mentioned earlier, the Paris Agreement was as a result of the failure of the Kyoto Treaty in Brazil. The developed nations were never left behind. The developed nations were to help them in fighting climate change. By November 4, 2016, 134 out of 197 countries ratified the agreement after the treaty entered to force phase. The main objective of this treaty was to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels this century and to pursue efforts to reduce the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius even further (Popovski, 2019). The main difference between the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Protocol is that the Parties have undertaken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris agreement. Unlike the Kyoto Protocol where they were mitigated, the Paris Agreement provides a free will to the nations on whether they need to reduce the greenhouse gases or not. Comment by Dila Const: Underdeveloped? Comment by Dila Const: What is force phase? Comment by Dila Const: What was mitigated? The United States disconnected from the Paris agreement on
  • 4. June, 2017(Popovski, 2019). Few months after Donald Trump took power, the Republican president announced that the United States will cease to all the activities that pertain Paris Agreement on the climate of 2015. Donald Trump termed the agreement like the one that disadvantages the United States to the exclusive benefit of other countries. During his campaign, he swore that he would put the country’s interests first. Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement was instigated of what he believed that the Chinese are hamstringing the United States’ economy. This has resulted in negotiations in Germany where the headquarters for Framework Conventions on Climates Change (FCCC) is situated at to discuss on the rulebook. All countries including the United States will bind them for a period of 4 years which was to end in 2020. Climate change activists are campaigning that the United States is still in the Paris Agreement and are pressuring the government to attend negotiations in Germany. According to Trump, this is not to end soon. Recently, the United States government is trying to sabotage the Chinese economy by applying taxes on all imported goods from China. This will mean as long as China is in the Paris Agreement, the United States will not be part of it. Comment by Dila Const: …will cease all activities related to the Paris agreement… Comment by Dila Const: as Comment by Dila Const: by his belief Comment by Dila Const: rewrite…what does this mean? Comment by Dila Const: Why do you believe this is related to the Paris Agreement? Conclusion As the years go by, global warming is hitting the world hard without sympathy. Countries like Australia and Libya have recorded the highest temperatures ever recorded by the World Meteorological Organization of 40 degrees Celsius and 58 degree Celsius respectively. Both the Kyoto and Paris Protocol have in some way played a big role in reducing the impact of global warming. The Kyoto Protocol was aimed at raising the awareness on the issue the world was experiencing on climate
  • 5. change. Moreover, the United Nations have several conferences on climate change and layout measures on how the effects can be reduced. Global warming is not an solitary concept; instead, it requires the attention of all the countries in the world. We are all affected by climate change in one way or another and we should prevent the future generations from being affected. Although there are always improvements that can be made, each protocol and agreement set into place is one step closer towards progress and fixing the damage that humans have done to the world (Archer, 2012). Comment by Dila Const: …to layout measure? References Archer, D. (2012). Global warming : understanding the forecast. Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, ©2012. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy- ms.researchport.umd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat01480a &AN=mrgn.004604929&site=eds-live&scope=site Barry W. Brook. (2009). Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future . By Edmond A. Mathez ; student companion by Jason E. Smerdon .: Columbia University Press . $55.00. xxii + 318 p.; ill.; index. 978‐0‐231‐14642‐5 . 2009 . The Quarterly Review of Biology, 84(4), 407. https://doi.org/10.1086/648143 McGovern, J. (2006). The Kyoto Protocol. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Pub. Popovski, V. (2019). The implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change. London: Routledge.