W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent social scientist, civil rights activist, and the first Black American to earn a PhD from Harvard in 1895. He criticized the vocational education approach advocated by leaders like Booker T. Washington, arguing it perpetuated racial inferiority and called for direct action against racial discrimination. The document also highlights Du Bois's major sociological contributions and thoughts on education and community among African Americans, as well as the impact of his work on sociology and the quest for racial justice.