The document discusses case studies and storyboards related to construction business processes. It includes several UML use cases that model different aspects of a construction business such as marketing and job processes. One case shows the current marketing and advertising process which includes advertising in newspapers, word of mouth, and signs at job sites. Another case demonstrates job availability fluctuations between seasons and job types. Additional cases cover expanding job scopes, repair works, and compliance with permits and codes. Several storyboards represent workforce, material, and compliance concerns to ensure work is done correctly.

1. Running head: CASE AND STORYBOARDS
1
CASE AND STORYBOARDS
8
Case and Story Boards
Student’s Name
Institution
Cases and Storyboards
Uml case 1 for a construction business
The marketing and Advertising process
The above case shows the current process for the processes for
an affordable quality construction site. In the case. There is the
representation of how the businesses advertises in the local
newspapers and even in church bulletins. The way the business
is generated from the word of mouth and advertised to various
customers is also shown. With the mention of the prospective

2. customers getting to the job sites, the case also shows that as it
demonstrates on its own box(Gomaa,2005). There is also the
mention of how prospective customers can get information from
neighbouring houses.
2.Uml case for job process
3.Case and Story Boards
Uml use case for Fluctuation on job Availability and Job Type
and the emergencies
The above uml use case demonstrates the fluctuation on the
availability of the job and the job type. What is demonstrated
gives the lucrative seasons which are; summer, fall and spring.
It also shows the more jobs that are lucrative and which are
shown outside and how they are less time consuming. The uml
case clearly shows how the outside jobs cannot be undertaken
during the winter season. The case also puts into good use the
emergencies that may occur. The emergencies may be due to
new and even previous customers, the way emergency jobs
bring forth additional value and other things is also
highlighted(Gomaa,2005).
Uml case 4
The above uml use case puts into consideration the way gets to
continue when a contractor gets down to work. When it is
discovered that there is more work, it has to be agreed upon so
that it can get conducted in the best ways possible by a
contractor(Newman,2001).
Uml use case

3. The above uml use case shows and indicates the instances in
which repair works are conducted. Repairs arise because of
majority of things. One of the reasons may be due to defective
materials, when workmanship is of substandard among other
things. All those factors when put into consideration will make
work to get redone(Gomaa,2005).
Story Boards
The above storyboards have been put on one stot board to be 3.
They represent the workforce concerns, material concerns and
compliance structure. In the story boards, what is clear is that
all processes in the 3 story boards should be followed to the last
point with the aim of having success and getting to reach the
point that the work is done, on issues that need to be checked, it
will definitely demand for permits to be given and for work to
be undertaken. (Newman,2001)
References
Gomaa, H. (2005). Designing software product lines with UML:
from use cases to pattern-
based software architectures. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Newman, L. (2001). Proposal guide for business development
professionals. Farmington,
UT: Shipley Associates.
Newspapers,
notebook

4. Word of mouth
Job site
Construction business
Previous customer
Active job sites
Other customers
Neighbouring houses
cement
Roof

5. Tuck pointing
Decks
Workers taken off
Additional revenue
New customers
Seasons
Less time

6. Outside jobs
Less lucrative
When a contractor starts the work, there may be cases for
additional work and which has to be done.
Work Concerns
When a customer agrees the work gets to continue
A worker is sent
Defective materials
Own payment
Unreplaceable

7. Customer calls
Workforce Concerns
Team of workers for skilled labour.
Appropriate team to be chosen.
Timing crucial in the business
Workers called in sick times.
Material concerns
Materials purchased and delivered in time.
Amount, type, quality of materials researched.
Optimal situation is for customer purchase.
Other building materials purchased and paid for.

8. Compliance
Permits approved and paid for.
City, state and federal codes determined
E
1
Running head: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
6
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Topic
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Institution
Date

9. Policy Issue
There is a constant change in the field of public policy
administration as the demands of the society are increasing at a
faster rate the capacity of the available resources. A shift in
social trends coupled with the recent technological advances has
changed the way public policies are developed and
implemented. Technology has caused a major revolution,
impacting communication between leaders and their constituents
as well as the way law enforcement works. The changes in
public administration are accompanied by several policy issues.
One of the major issues that public administration has to deal
with is related to welfare policy. The income disparity in the
society is an issue of concern to public policy administrators.
This issue is related to helping those in need in the society.
Public administrators need to be concerned about the welfare of
the needy citizens. Public assistance may be offered through
income transfers where public administrators target to distribute
some of the incomes from the wealthier individuals to those
with low or income. This is done through strategies such as
public housing, Earned Income Tax Credit, Supplemental
Security Income, social insurance, revenue sourcing, education,
and health policies such as Medicaid. (Chambers, & Bonk,
2013).
Public Policy
The regulatory policy regulates order and prevents behaviors
that may endanger the well-being of the society. The regulatory
policy is implemented by imposing restrictions on citizens or
groups so that they do not engage in practices that affect the
political or social order of the society. The regulatory policy is
related to the policy issue stated above as it is aimed at
protecting the welfare of all individuals in the society. It
prevents exploitation of citizens by business people. The
regulatory policy may involve regulation of trade, public
utilities, business and safety measures. It also regulates
business markets and economic activities. For example,

10. regulatory policy should prohibit activities that tarnish free
markets such as the creation of monopolies which harm the
small business individuals. The main aim of the regulatory
policy is to promote equity and social justice. (Durant, 2014).
The regulatory policy may cover a number of areas which
include; safety, minimum wages, environmental impact, and
financial businesses such as banking and insurance. It protects
people from the consumption of harmful products by outlining
the regulatory measures that have to be met by manufacturers of
these products. It also ensures that natural resources are used
prudently and that these resources are distributed equally. This
also goes hand in hand with safeguarding the environment when
extracting the natural resources. The policy prevents economic
disasters at both regional and national levels. This is done
through the enforcement of policies that allow effective
operation of the economy. The regulatory policy also plays an
important role in encouraging competitive markets. The
regulatory activities of the regulatory policy may be classified
as either economic or social. The economic regulatory activities
are designed to control rates and market entry conditions. Social
regulatory activities are designed to control exposures and
externalities that may compromise human health and safety.
They include workplace safety regulations and regulations
governing the discharge of pollutants into the environment.
Equal employment opportunities in different agencies and
education programs are also covered under the social regulation
activities. (Chambers, & Bonk, 2013).
Policy Modification
Policy administrators are responsible for ensuring that services
are delivered to the public. Therefore, they are in a position to
identify problems associated with public policies that are not
envisioned to the policy makers. By considering the substantive
impact of a policy, public administrators can propose
modifications of the policy. Policy modifications should be
aimed at creating healthy conditions for sustained benefits of
the policy. The type of policy modification chosen depends on

11. the country’s structural policies. These include labor and
product market policies which may impact labor force
participation, the rate of structural unemployment as well as the
labor productivity growth potential. The method of policy
modification chosen may have a positive or negative impact on
one or more policy issues. (McGann, 2016).
Some of the policy modifications that can be made on the
regulatory policy and impact the welfare of the people in a
positive way include imposing higher requirements in terms of
product quality and safety and removing outdated anti-
competitive regulations. The higher quality regulations can
create an incentive for firms to compete on quality. Customers
will thus have more protection from harmful products. Doing
away with the anti-competitive regulations may help remove the
barriers to the entry of new and innovative products in the
market. This is likely to lead to more innovations and creativity.
Businesses will be encouraged to be innovative in order to
increase their competitive advantages. This benefits the
consumers as they receive high-quality products and they will
be assured of getting the value of the money they spend on
products. (Carroll, & Common, 2013).
Other policy modifications may, however, have a negative
impact on the welfare policy. These modifications may include
deregulation of the regulatory policy and removal of the red
tape. Regulated economies are likely to benefit the most.
Removal of the market entry regulations may be harmful
especially to the welfare of the small businesses. It is associated
with creating competitive pressures which lead to the extinction
of small businesses. This, therefore, would be a discouragement
to young entrepreneurs and the economy stagnates. Removing
the red tape could also have a negative impact on the welfare of
the people. If there are no regulations in terms of product
safety, businesses may compromise on quality in order to
maximize profits. Consumers’ safety may also be compromised.
It is important to maintain a high-quality requirement for all
businesses. (Durant, 2014).

12. The Constitution
Most of the regulations produced by federal agencies are not
voted on by the Congress. The Congress has increasingly ceded
most of its lawmaking power to the executive branch. This has
led to a hands-off approach by the Congress on matters
concerning regulation, which has many deleterious
consequences. To serve their constituents better, individual
Congress members need to re-assert their authority in the
regulatory policy. This would be beneficial because it is the
duty of the Congress to ensure that federal regulations comport
with the law. There are three ways through which the Congress
can reassert its authority in the regulatory policy. The first one
is heightening congressional attention from the leadership in
both chambers. This could be done through regular notifications
to the Congress member about all the newly proposed rules as
well as the pending final rules. Another way that the Congress
can use is, using the Congressional Review Act; it can prevent
some rules from taking effect. This act provides that any
representative or senator can introduce a resolution of
disapproval which can prevent the new regulation from taking
effect once approved by both chambers and the president. The
third step is that the Congress can enact a legislation which
would need congressional votes of approval before a regulation
takes effect. An example is the REINS Act. (McElligott, 2016).
ReferencesTop of Form
Top of Form
Top of Form
Top of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Carroll, P., & Common, R. (2013). Policy transfer and learning

13. in public policy and management: International contexts,
content, and development.
Chambers, D. E., & Bonk, J. F. (2013). Social policy and social
programs: A method for the practical public policy analyst.
Boston: Pearson.
Durant, R. F. (2014). Why public service matters: Public
managers, public policy, and democracy.
McElligott, G. (2016). Beyond Service: State Workers, Public
Policy, and the Prospects for Democratic Administration.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
McGann, J. G. (2016). The fifth estate: Think tanks, public
policy, and governance.
Running Head: Database
1
Database
3
Database
Student Name
Institution Affiliate
The database is defined as the package of software that is
developed and implemented with the purpose of managing data
files in a digital and organized format. Database lifecycle is
usually identified as the documentation and observation process
of the development and implementation of the database
programs, which is consisted with five major stages. These
stages represent the phases which are planning, development,
evaluation, and implementation.
The initial stage is planning which involves the collection of

14. information that is necessary and theoretical framework
preparation that regards requirements of which the database
program is created. the developers plan platforms which the
program of the database is designed and allocates associated
budget. The analysis stage mainly involves evaluation critically
of the development planning of database.Here a number of
developers have to assess the database development plan with
elements such as time-period, cost, platforms of development
and forecasts the results.
In the third stage of database life cycle is design or
development. This is a stage where all parameters of the logical
design of operations of the database are finalized and
development of the program is carried out. Implementation is a
stage where the program begins to operate as a user controlled
application aimed at performing a particular task.
Maintenance is usually the last stage in this cycle.This stage
performs operations such as troubleshooting, testing and
maintaining features of the database program. This stage usually
starts immediately after the database program is implemented
and it's a process that is continuous to cater for any
considerable problem that may appear in the database, thus
requiring to be re-planned or simply re-design for another
implementation cycle.
References
Bouchrika, I. (2014). Learn database systems with
implementation and examples. Place of publication not
identified: Lulu Com.
Rob, P., Coronel, C. & Crockett, K. (2008). Database systems:
design, implementation & management. London: Cengage
Learning.

15. Current Processes and Systems for Affordable Quality
Construction
Customer Base and Information
· The contractor keeps customer information in a notebook.
· In addition to new customers, the contractor has repeat
business from previous customers.
Marketing and Advertising
· The contractor currently advertises in local newspapers and
church bulletins.
· New business is also generated through word of mouth
advertising from previous customers.
· Prospective customers may visit an active job site for contact
information where the workers on site will give them a business
card.
· Signs are posted on the job site with the company information.
· If a prospective customer asks for a reference on a completed
job to showcase the quality of his work, he will offer an address
of a previous customer’s house and tell the prospective
customer to feel free to view it.
· When on a job site, the contractor will look at neighboring
houses. If he spots one that needs work, he will knock on the
door and tell the homeowner he is working on their neighbor’s
house and noticed that works needs to be done on their house
too, so offers information on the needed repairs and gives them
a business card.
The Job Process
· Jobs are usually one to two weeks in length.
· The contractor gets a call from a potential customer. The job
is discussed over the phone. The contractor then goes to the
location to assess the job and offers a verbal estimate on the
spot or in a day or two by phone or in person.

16. · If the homeowner agrees on the estimate, a contract is created
and then signed by both parties. After the work is completed,
payment is made.
· In some cases, the repairs may be done through an insurance
claim if it qualifies and is approved.
· Payment is consequently made solely by the homeowner or in
addition to funds received through an insurance claim.
· When offering the estimate, the contractor explains what is
wrong and why in simple terms to educate the homeowner
· If the contractor sees additional repairs that should be done,
he will inform the homeowner to generate additional projects.
Types of Jobs
· Outside Jobs: Cement, Roof, Tuck pointing, Chimneys,
Decks, Windows, Doors
· Inside Jobs: Room Remodeling, Electrical, Plumbing,
Flooring,
Fluctuation on Job Availability and Job Type
· Construction has its busy and slow seasons, as well as,
lucrative and not as lucrative types of jobs.
· The lucrative seasons are spring, summer and fall.
· The more lucrative jobs are outside jobs because they are less
time-consuming.
· Outside jobs cannot be done in the winter or in inclement
weather
· Doing inside jobs in the lucrative seasons reduces the
lucrativeness of the job due to the need for a variety of workers
and skills as well as the timing for these workers and more
time-consuming work.
Emergencies
· Emergency jobs may occur with previous or new customers
· Emergency jobs allow for additional revenue because a higher
price can be charged

17. · Workers may have to be taken off a current job to tend to
these emergencies which in turn delay the schedule for any
current jobs.
Work Concerns
· After the contractor starts the work, it may be discovered that
additional work needs to be done before for the initial job can
be finished. This is because of issues revealed after the work
begins revealing issues that were not visible during the initial
job estimate. Consequently, additional work and charges are
added to the estimate.
· If the customer agrees, then the work continues. If the
customer cannot afford it then the contractor will discuss a
payment plan with the homeowner so that the work can continue
or the work stops until the homeowner secures additional funds.
Repairs on Completed Work
· Sometimes the customer will call after the work is done
because some corrections need to be made.
· It may not necessarily be due to substandard workmanship, but
rather defective materials.
· If the materials were defective, the contractor will replace the
materials with payment from his own pocket because some
items cannot be returned after they have been used.
· If the item can be returned and replaced then that is done.
However, that occurs very rarely.
· When a repair is needed on the work that was performed, he
sends someone to fix it within 24-48 hours. However, if an
order for material needs to be made for the repair to be done,
then the repair will be done as soon as the material comes in.
· Other
Workforce Concerns
· The contractor has teams of workers skilled for various jobs.
· Depending on the type of job, the appropriate team will be
scheduled.
· Timing is crucial in the construction business Scheduling must

18. be done with the correct workers for the correct jobs in a
sequence of stepped processes (for example, plumbing must be
completed before walls are erected. And walls must be put up
before tiles can be added.)
· Workers may call in sick which in turn holds up the
subsequent workers and work schedule. Substitute sub-
contractors may be contacted to keep the job on schedule, but,
are at a premium cost.
Material Concerns
· Materials must be purchased and delivered in time for the
workers to begin and complete their job.
· The proper amount, type and quality of materials must be
researched and then purchased.
· The optimal situation is for the customer purchase the larger
and more personal items and just have the contractor install
them
· Other building materials are purchased and paid for by the
contractor to be reimbursed by the homeowner on completion of
the job.
Compliance
· Permits must be approved and paid for before construction can
begin
· City, State and Federal codes must be adhered to with
inspections periodically done on initial stages before the next
stages can be started. Sometimes there is time delay with
inspection scheduling
· EPA regulations and guidelines must be followed. Independent
testing for hazardous materials such as asbestos or lead must be
conducted prior to construction to determine if additional clean-
up is required. If additional clean-up from a certified appointed
company is required. Additional charges are incurred. If the
homeowner cannot afford them, the job is cancelled.
· Company must be bonded and insured.

19. Running head: PROJECT SCOPE
1
PROJECT SCOPE
2
Project Scope
Name:
University Affiliation:
Date:
Project Scope
Project objective
To create a Salesforce Customer Relationship Management
system for Affordable Quality Construction that will ensure that
the company manages its employees and the customers
effectively to increase business profits within a period of three
months at a cost of $1000
Scope determinants for the use of Salesforce CRM
Functionality and Performance
1. Close more deals
Contact management-key contacts, internal account discussions,
history of key activities, customer communications, and insights
from social media.
Salesforce Inbox- streamlines the workflows, retrieve customer
data when needed

20. Opportunity management- teams deals in terms of the stage, the
products, the competition, and the quotes
Salesforce engage- able to connect the sales force to the
customers, campaigns, understand the prospects (Goodey,
2013).
Sales collaboration- get experts have access to competitive
information and keep tabs on the deals
2. Get more leads
Lead management- able to track the leads, optimize campaigns
and make smarter decisions
Marketing automation- effectively manage online campaigns to
generate more leads
Sales data – have the rightful data of sales and get connected to
the best key decision makers
Partner management- build a better network of partners, share
objectives, activities, and goals securely
3. Accelerate productivity
Lighting dialer- have the ability to call customers and make
notes instantly
Mobile- become mobo friendly and carry your office
everywhere
Workflow and approvals- enjoy flexible approvals processor
that awards discounts to customers and monitor expenses
(Rackham & DeVincentis, 1999).
Email integration, file Sync, and share- send emails and files to
customers and employees in one click.

21. Requirements
Hardware and Software
The CRM project will require 10 computers and laptops,
Salesforce CRM software, internet cables, data center and VPN
Resources and Time needed to implement Salesforce
Marketing manager- oversee the integration of the campaigns,
the sales executive, and the system performance
10 Sales executives – for contacting and meeting the customers
Time to implement the Salesforce- 3 months
Behavioral constraints
Employees
Difficult in learning how the CRM system works
Longer time to teach the employees on how to operate the
system
Feeding wrong information without noticing (Goodey, 2013).
Customers
Limited access to their emails for campaigns discounts and
offers
Spamming the campaign emails when they are too frequent and
a lot
References
Rackham, N., & DeVincentis, J. R. (1999). Rethinking the sales

22. force: Redefining selling to create and capture customer value.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Goodey, P. (2013). Salesforce CRM: The Definitive Admin
Handbook. Birmingham: Packt Publishing.