Chapter 2 emphasizes the significance of habits in shaping our daily lives and decisions, noting that over 40% of actions are habitual rather than deliberate choices. It highlights the profound impact of both positive and negative habits on our mindset and behavior, encouraging readers to develop good habits, particularly in self-perception and personal growth. The author shares personal experiences to illustrate the importance of focusing on individual progress rather than comparing oneself to others, promoting a mindset that values self-acceptance and the journey towards achieving personal goals.

1. Chapter 2: Develop Good Habits
William James…
It may not seem obvious, but our lives are based on a series of habits. Think
about how you start and end your day. Do you have a particular routine for
getting ready? Do you sleep on the same side of the bed every night? Most
habits are so ingrained that we are not even aware of them. You probably don’t
have to remind yourself to brush your teeth or to put clothes on before you leave
the house. You just do it. But this wasn’t always the case. You learned how to do
those things, and overtime, those actions became so automatic that you don’t
have to think about it anymore. You no longer decide to brush your teeth, you
just do it out of habit.
Our habits are so powerful that a paper published by a Duke University
researcher in 2006 found that more than 40% of the actions people performed
each day were not actual decisions, but habits. In fact, a book titled The Power
of Habits explored the effect habits have on how we operate our lives and
business. He found that found that our brain cannot tell the difference between
good or bad habits. Our brain operates in the same manner: cue, routine, and
reward. His research also found that habits are especially powerful because they
create a neurological craving- which is why bad ones are so hard to change. If
you want to develop a habit, put together a cue, a routine, and a reward, and
then cultivate a craving that drives it.

2. Habits not only influence our behavior but also our way of thinking too. If you
have a habit of worrying about the worse case scenario then you will look for all
the negative aspects of a situation and start expecting the worse outcome. In my
twenties and thirties, I had a bad habit of selling myself short. I would shy away
from trying tasks that I thought were too difficult for me because I didn’t think I
had the smarts or know how to do it. Your father once told me that my worse
habit was self-doubt. He remarked that it “permeated everything”. I reflected on
this comment, and realized that it had merit. My habit of self-doubt required me to
constantly look for reassurance in my relationship with others, in the choices I
made, and how I handled sebacks. He expressed confusion about this because
his impression was “you’ve accomplished so much.” But when you have a bad
habit of self-doubt, it doesn’t matter how much you accomplish-it will never feel
like enough. So I finally decided that I was going to develop a new habit of
thinking. I can tell you that it wasn’t and still isn’t easy. I struggle against the
tendancy to look at things a certain way, to interpret events a certain way. I have
to consciously catch myself from falling into self-doubt. But the effort is well worth
it. When you learn to look at life from a more optimistic point of view, then your
circumstances don’t seem so unsurmountable.
What is one habit that you can change right now? Is it something specific like
your diet, whether or not you exercise, or does it go deeper than that? Do you

3. have to change a certain attitude? Find one habit that you can change and then
do so. If possible, find a habit that automatically promotes positive change in
other areas of your life. For example, exercise is a great habit. It not only burns
calories, but it releases endorphins which improves your mood and gives you
more energy. Also, people who exercise are more likely to eat healthy. There is
nothing you cant’ do if you get your habits right.

4. Notes from “The Magic of Thinking Big.”
Never underestimate your own intelligence and never overestimate the
intelligence of others. Don’t sell yourself short. Concentrate on your assets.
STOP thinking: “I should have started years ago.” That’s failure thinking. Instead
START thinking “I’m going to start now, my best years are ahead of me.”
If you have a problem, “What are you doing about it?”.
Act the way you want to feel!
We think in images.
Practice adding value to things. Look for ideas to making things worth more.
Creative thinking is simply finding new, improved ways to do anything.
To do anything, we must believe it can be done.
When you believe something is impossible, your mind goes to work for you to
prove why. But, when you believe, really believe, something can be done, your
mind goes to work for you and helps you to find the ways to do it.
Think of something special you’ve been wanting to do but felt you couldn’t. Now,
make a list of reasons why you can do it.
Use the “what do you think of this suggestion approach.” Don’t be dogmatic.
Don’t announce a fresh idea as if it were handed down on a gold tablet.
Listening is more than just keeping your mouth shut. Listening means letting
what’s said penetrate your mind. So often people pretend to listen when they

5. aren’t listening at all. They’re just waiting for the other person to pause so they
can take over with the talking.
COPY p. 114
CHAPTER: 1
Run your own race: Don’t compare yourself to others
You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So
you have to trust the dots will somehow connect in your future. If you believe that the dots will
connect down the road, it will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you
off the well worn path.
-Steve Jobs
In running, it is said that stride is everything. I didn’t realize just how much work
goes into preparing for a race until I ran my first 5K and then 10 K earlier this
year.
One of the biggest challenges in running a race is staying pace with yourself and
not others at the start of the race. It is tempting to start out strong and fast, to
keep up with everyone else, but such efforts are often not sustainable. For
example, if you start at a 6 minute per mile pace but your actual pace is closer to
9 minutes per mile, then you will likely run out steam before you reach the finish
line. You want to push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone, but not so far

6. that you “hit the wall.” We all have our own range of personal best. Spend the
time finding yours. It will be worth it!
In running, the trick is to notice people passing you at the start but not be
distracted or discouraged by their speed or your position relative to theirs. More
often than not, you will eventually pass half of those speedy starters later in the
race because they haven’t yet learned the benefits of pacing themselves. You
don’t want to give up halfway through the race simply because you put all energy
at the beginning but left nothing for the end. Try to stay in the here any now and
enjoy the process of reaching your goal. Think of your most recent challenge in
life. Are you at the beginning, the midpoint or the end? How can you enjoy where
you are right now rather than where you hope to be later on?
There are many times in your life when you cannot control the outcome of a
situation or event. You may have worked really hard at something and still not
get the results you want. When that happens, don’t let your disappointment or
frustration get the best of you. Instead, use that energy to figure out how to best
deal with the disappointment. Similarly, don’t worry about the other person in any
situation because you can’t control the other person. You can only control
yourself. The energy it takes you to look at what the other person is doing only
takes critical energy away from you, and prevents you from reaching your full
potential. Stay focused on your own progress , rather than the perceived
progress of others. It’s not easy to see someone else have what you want. We

7. have points in our life when we feel like everyone else has more than we do or is
doing better than we are. If you are not careful, you may busy yourself with trying
to get what the other person has instead of what may be better for you. If you
stay focused on yourself and be grateful for what you have and what you can do
then you won’t be sidetracked by all these comparisons. The following story from
my life will illustrate this point.
I was a very good student and often received many academic awards. In high
school, I continued to perform well, but wasn’t accepted into any “top” schools
due to my mediocre test scores. I choose Cal State University, Long Beach
(CSULB) because it was close to home, and it was a decent school. It was hard
not to compare myself to others when I learned that several of my other friends
were accepted into better schools. I was worried that a degree from a state
college would put me at a disadvantage later on in life.
At the beginning of my second year at CSULB, I was selected for a 4 year
scholarship program for minority students. I was surprised because I hadn’t
applied for the scholarship nor considered myself eligible. In fact, I didn’t even
consider myself a minority since I am part Caucasian. Yet somehow, I was
accepted along with 5 other students. We were expected to conduct research on
mental health issues and then present those findings to conferences around the
United States. It was only natural that we would eventually find ourselves
competing against each other for the best research projects, the best professors,

8. and the best opportunities to present our work. If one of the other students
attained the research project I coveted, then I would assume that it was because
they were smarter than me or luckier than me, or prettier than me. Why else
would someone else be so fortunate? Our minds like to fill in the blanks when we
can’t find an immediate solution-even if the solution is illogical.
After many restless nights, I finally came to realize that the best use of my time
was to stay focused on my own work and to perform to the my best of my ability
regardless of the success of others because that it the only thing I could control.
This insight served me well. Four years later, I received the Outstanding Student
Award from the Psychology Department as well as the Golden Key National
Honor award. Eight years later I was the only student from that group to earn a
Ph.D.
If you base your success by comparing yourself to others then you will never be
satisfied. It is easy to notice those who are taller than you, thinner than you, nicer
than you or more fortunate than you. The truth is that there will always be
someone who has more then you, and someone who have less than you. I
recently read that test scores and measures of achievement only tell you where a
student is at the time, but they don’t tell you where a student could end up. I was
a good example of that. Develop a good mindset and you can take yourself
farther than you ever imagined to go-even if that means going at a slower pace

9. from time to time. Dare to believe that all the dots will connect down the road
even when it looks there is no clear pattern in your life.
Similarly, try not to measure your happiness against what you perceive of others
to be or fall into the trap of “keeping up with the Jones’”. First of all, you're
probably only seeing the "best" part of their prosperity, either intentional on their
part, or not. People often live beyond their means, driving fancy cars, living in
expensive homes and taking lavish vacations, while digging themselves deeper
into debt, and or forfeiting their future; spending when they should be saving.
Sometimes you have to make tough sacrifices to get where you want to be in life.
Don’t be afraid to make tough choices. To every end there is a new beginning.
And if for some reason, you choose something that is rewarding and fulfilling but
doesn’t put much in your pocket- don’t worry. Studies by Sonja Lyubomirsky
found that our external circumstances predict only 10% of our total happiness.
The remaining 90% comes from our own mindset. We have more control over
our happiness than we realize.
How do you run your own race? Look within yourself. What is important really
important to you? How do you really wish to measure your worth? By how much
your fancy shoes cost, or by how good your word is? Will you measure your
success by what titles you have after your name, or by how brave you are in the
face of physical and/or ethical challenges? By how much money or possessions
you have compared to others or by how much quality time you spent with those
you love? The truly ironic thing is, the most respected and admired people, are

10. those who strive to be respected and admired by themselves, not others, and not
for the "things" they may have, but for the ethical people they have become.
Abraham Lincoln is a good example of someone who ran his own race.
Most people remember Lincoln for being one of the most influential
presidents of our nation’s history. What many people may not know is that
it took many years and numerous political setbacks and losses to finally
achieve his goals. At age 23, Lincoln ran for the state legislature, lost his
job, and was turned down for law school. That same year, he started a
business on borrowed money, but a year later he was bankrupt. At age 28,
he was defeated as speaker of the state legislature. At 33, he ran for the
United States House of Representatives but lost. He tried again at age 39,
and lost again. At age 45, he ran for the US Senate and lost. At 47, he ran
for his partry’s vice presidential nomination and lost. He lost again at age
49. Finally, at 53, he became the 16th
president of the United States. He had
a lot of opposition, even within his own party, when he tried to end slavery.
What qualities do you value? Is it being compassionate, kind, or patient? Then
strive to make those qualities your own, and practice them until they become
habit, especially when there is no one there to notice. One of the best measures
of a person's character is how they act when no one is watching, and how they
act towards others who cannot help or promote them.

11. Be wise. There will be many times when it is reasonable and even advantageous
to look to others for inspiration, ideas, or encouragement. But do so only if it
serves as a positive motivator, and thus brings you closer to your goals. If such
comparisons only drag you down or lead you to ruminate over what you think you
cant do or don’t have or don’t know, then discipline yourself enough to stay
focused on what you can control. Use that energy to learn, grow, and share your
knowledge with others. I like the saying “never compare your insides to someone
else’s outsides.”
Here is one technique that you can practice for running your own race. It is called
visualization. There is a lot of research on how to apply visualization to achieve
your goals. In fact, there is an entire industry devoted to using visualization as a
means of improving the peak performance of athletes. Studies have shown that
visualization increases athletic performance by improving motivation,
coordination and concentration. It also supports relaxation and reduces fear and
anxiety associated with performance. Indeed, studies have been done with
runners who visualized running the race while being hooked up to a biofeedback
machine. The results of these tests showed that the muscle and brain wave
activities were similar to what they would have been if those athletes were
actually performing the act.
According to research using brain imagery, visualization works because neurons
in our brain, cells that transmit information, interpret imagery as equivalent to real
life action. When we visualize an act, the brain generates an impulse that tells

12. our neurons to “perform” the movement. This establishes a new neural pathway
that primes our body to act in a way consistent to what we visualized in our
minds. All of this occurs without actually performing the physical activity itself. In
essence, our brain cannot tell the difference between reality and visualization.
Let’s imagine that your goal is to run a10K. Close your eyes and imagine yourself
finishing the race and crossing the finish line. Hold that mental image for as long
as possible. Try to visualize this image in all it’s details. What do you notice?
What does it feel like? Take time to look around and see everything. What do you
hear? Is there a crowd? Is there someone shouting your name in excitement?
Imagine what it feels like to touch someone’s hand, or to stretch your legs. Try to
engage all of your senses such as vision, touch, taste, and smell. The more you
can engaged you can become with this visualization the better. Another type of
visualization involves envisioning each of the action steps necessary to achieve
the outcome you want. As mentioned earlier, try to focus on completing each of
the steps you need to achieve your goal, but not the overall goal itself. If you are
running a race, then it would be visualize your legs running well- arms relaxed,
breathing controlled. In your mind, break the run into sections and visualize how
you will run each part, thinking about your pace, gait, and split time. Imagine
what it will feel like when you hit “the wall” that point in the race where your body
wants to stop, but your will doesn’t. What will you do to break past it?
Rather than using your mental energy to compare yourself to others, use it to
stay focused on your progress. Anticipate that setbacks will happen, and then

13. figure out how you are going to get past those setbacks when they do. If you
have to slow down, then simply adjust your pace. Remember, you are only racing
against yourself. There are a few techniques that you can practice to run your
own race…. REVISE…
Visualization is a way of creating a mental image of a desired goal. This is not
the same as day dreaming or “think it and you will be it” philosophy. It helps to
stay positive in the face of adversity, but that alone when not get you the desired
outcome. Visualization involves practicing all the steps you will need to get where
you want to be. You start with one manageable step at time, develop mastery,
and then go on to the next step until you have completed all the steps related to
your goal.
Visualization is a way of creating a mental image of a desired goal. This is not
the same as day dreaming or “think it and you will be it” philosophy. It helps to
stay positive in the face of adversity, but that alone when not get you the desired
outcome. Visualization involves practicing all the steps you will need to get where
you want to be. You start with one manageable step at time, develop mastery,
and then go on to the next step until you have completed all the steps related to
your goal.
There is a lot of research on how to apply visualization to achieve your goals. In
fact, there is an entire industry devoted to using visualization as a means of
improving the peak performance of athletes. Studies have shown that
visualization increases athletic performance by improving motivation,

14. coordination and concentration. It also supports relaxation and reduces fear and
anxiety associated with performance. Indeed, studies have been done with
runners who visualized running the race while being hooked up to a biofeedback
machine. The results of these tests showed that the muscle and brain wave
activities were similar to what they would have been if those athletes were
actually performing the act.
According to research using brain imagery, visualization works because neurons
in our brain, cells that transmit information, interpret imagery as equivalent to real
life action. When we visualize an act, the brain generates an impulse that tells
our neurons to “perform” the movement. This establishes a new neural pathway
that primes our body to act in a way consistent to what we visualized in our
minds. All of this occurs without actually performing the physical activity itself. In
essence, our brain cannot tell the difference between reality and visualization.
Let’s imagine that your goal is to run a10K. Close your eyes and imagine yourself
finishing the race and crossing the finish line. Hold that mental image for as long
as possible. Try to visualize this image in all it’s details. What do you notice?
What does it feel like? Take time to look around and see everything. What do you
hear? Is there a crowd? Is there someone shouting your name in excitement?
Imagine what it feels like to touch someone’s hand, or to stretch your legs. Try to
engage all of your senses such as vision, touch, taste, and smell. The more you
can engaged you can become with this visualization the better. Another type of
visualization involves envisioning each of the action steps necessary to achieve

15. the outcome you want. As mentioned earlier, try to focus on completing each of
the steps you need to achieve your goal, but not the overall goal itself. If you are
running a race, then it would be visualize your legs running well- arms relaxed,
breathing controlled. In your mind, break the run into sections and visualize how
you will run each part, thinking about your pace, gait, and split time. Imagine
what it will feel like when you hit “the wall” that point in the race where your body
wants to stop, but your will doesn’t. What will you do to break past it?
Rather than using your mental energy to compare yourself to others, use it to
stay focused on your progress. Anticipate that setbacks will happen, and then
figure out how you are going to get past those setbacks when they do. If you
have to slow down, then simply adjust your pace. Remember, you are only racing
against yourself.
(For the second technique look at notes on The Magic of Thinking Big).

16. But in a different chapter….
The first comes from a theoretical perspective called Acceptance and
Commitment Therapy or ACT. This perspective is different from traditional
Cognitive Behavior Therapy or CBT because INSTEAD of identifying and
challenging negative thoughts patterns you use “diffusion” to change your
relationship to the thought (i.e.comparison) or feeling. Defusion operates under
the premise that we become fused with certain negative thoughts about
ourselves, our abilities, or our circumstances. Suppose you think that you are not
“good enough” or “can’t” do a task as well as someone else. You may ruminate
over and over about your perceived weaknesses. You may even start to notice
more and more weaknesses if you look long enough. If you are not mindful and
aware of this internal dialogue then you will begin to believe and then act as if
those thoughts were true. Psychologists call this a “Self Fulfilling Prophosy.”
The goal of defusion is to form a different relationship with your thought so that
you are able to separate yourself from the negative thought or feeling that you
are having at the moment. Three of my favorite defusion strategies are: “Thanks
Mind”, “I am having the thought that”, and “Putting the thought or feeling into a
musical tune such as Happy Birthday.” For example, I have a friend who is an
accountant. He was worried about being audited by the government. He started
to compare himself to everyone who had been audited in the past and soon

17. convinced himself that he would lose not only his job but his livelihood as well.
He started to act as if the anticipated negative outcome was already happening
to him.
To remedy this, I suggested that he do the following. Every time he experienced
a negative thought or feeling, I instructed him to first say, “thanks mind for
reminding me that I have been worried about this”. Such acknowledgement
creates an awareness of what we are thinking and feeling at the time, and this
can slow down those negative thoughts. Next, he would sing the thought that
most frightened him to the tune of Happy Birthday, “this could happen to me, this
could happen to me, this could happen to me, this could happen to meee”
Finally, he was instructed to redirect his attention to what he could control rather
than get caught up on what he feared would happen to him. Sometimes it was
focusing on his breathe going in and out, sometimes it was staying grounded on
the here and now, and sometimes it was visualizing a positive outcome.
Chapter 2: Develop Good Habits
William James…
It may not seem obvious, but our lives are based on a series of habits. Think
about how you start and end your day. Do you have a particular routine for
getting ready? Do you sleep on the same side of the bed every night? Most
habits are so ingrained that we are not even aware of them. You probably don’t

18. have to remind yourself to brush your teeth or to put clothes on before you leave
the house. You just do it. But this wasn’t always the case. You learned how to do
those things, and overtime, those actions became so automatic that you don’t
have to think about it anymore. You no longer decide to brush your teeth, you
just do it out of habit.
Our habits are so powerful that a paper published by a Duke University
researcher in 2006 found that more than 40% of the actions people performed
each day were not actual decisions, but habits. In fact, a book titled The Power
of Habits explored the effect habits have on how we operate our lives and
business. He found that found that our brain cannot tell the difference between
good or bad habits. Our brain operates in the same manner: cue, routine, and
reward. His research also found that habits are especially powerful because they
create a neurological craving- which is why bad ones are so hard to change. If
you want to develop a habit, put together a cue, a routine, and a reward, and
then cultivate a craving that drives it.
Habits not only influence our behavior but also our way of thinking too. If you
have a habit of worrying about the worse case scenario then you will look for all
the negative aspects of a situation and start expecting the worse outcome. In my
twenties and thirties, I had a bad habit of selling myself short. I would shy away
from trying tasks that I thought were too difficult for me because I didn’t think I
had the smarts or know how to do it. Your father once told me that my worse

19. habit was self-doubt. He remarked that it “permeated everything”. I reflected on
this comment, and realized that it had merit. My habit of self-doubt required me to
constantly look for reassurance in my relationship with others, in the choices I
made, and how I handled sebacks. He expressed confusion about this because
his impression was “you’ve accomplished so much.” But when you have a bad
habit of self-doubt, it doesn’t matter how much you accomplish-it will never feel
like enough. So I finally decided that I was going to develop a new habit of
thinking. I can tell you that it wasn’t and still isn’t easy. I struggle against the
tendancy to look at things a certain way, to interpret events a certain way. I have
to consciously catch myself from falling into self-doubt. But the effort is well worth
it. When you learn to look at life from a more optimistic point of view, then your
circumstances don’t seem so unsurmountable.
What is one habit that you can change right now? Is it something specific like
your diet, whether or not you exercise, or does it go deeper than that? Do you
have to change a certain attitude? Find one habit that you can change and then
do so. If possible, find a habit that automatically promotes positive change in
other areas of your life. For example, exercise is a great habit. It not only burns
calories, but it releases endorphins which improves your mood and gives you
more energy. Also, people who exercise are more likely to eat healthy. There is
nothing you cant’ do if you get your habits right.

20. Notes from “The Magic of Thinking Big.”
Never underestimate your own intelligence and never overestimate the
intelligence of others. Don’t sell yourself short. Concentrate on your assets.
STOP thinking: “I should have started years ago.” That’s failure thinking. Instead
START thinking “I’m going to start now, my best years are ahead of me.”
If you have a problem, “What are you doing about it?”.
Act the way you want to feel!
We think in images.
Practice adding value to things. Look for ideas to making things worth more.
Creative thinking is simply finding new, improved ways to do anything.
To do anything, we must believe it can be done.
When you believe something is impossible, your mind goes to work for you to
prove why. But, when you believe, really believe, something can be done, your
mind goes to work for you and helps you to find the ways to do it.
Think of something special you’ve been wanting to do but felt you couldn’t. Now,
make a list of reasons why you can do it.
Use the “what do you think of this suggestion approach.” Don’t be dogmatic.
Don’t announce a fresh idea as if it were handed down on a gold tablet.
Listening is more than just keeping your mouth shut. Listening means letting
what’s said penetrate your mind. So often people pretend to listen when they

21. aren’t listening at all. They’re just waiting for the other person to pause so they
can take over with the talking.
COPY p. 114