Overview of EthicsTwo different ways of thinking about ethics .docxalfred4lewis58146
Overview of Ethics
Two different ways of thinking about ethics and business ethics
Absolutism
Relativism
1
Two Perspectives or Philosophical Paradigms
Relativism
There are universal moral and ethical standards
Absolutism
No moral standards exist universally
2
Examples
Absolutism: Stealing is wrong.
Relativism: Stealing to avoid starvation is acceptable, moral and ethical.
Rationale: There are levels of morality. In short, a family starving says that perhaps society is flawed and that a little stealing is fair and justified in this dire situation.
3
Cold Blooded Murder is wrong.
Cheating on scientific studies to prove a drug is safe is very wrong.
Telling a “white” lie may be lying but if the intent is to spare someone’s feelings from harm, well relative ethics might say it’s a little more right than wrong.
EXAMPLE
4
Free will versus Determinism (better known as fate):
If everything works out based on a universal plan of unchanging physical laws (determinism/fate/ it was meant to be), how can we say that humans have free will?
Without free will, how can humans be responsible for actions?
The rub!
5
Our choices matter
An individual’s free will interacts with others and there are outcomes with consequences
Our free will may bring the right or it may turn out to be in the wrong or just screwed up.
Possessing free will means that we have responsibility for our choices and some portion of the outcomes
Free Will
6
Utilitarianism – John Stuart Mill
Viewpoint: Do the Greatest good for the greatest Number
Orientation: Economics
Ethical Basics: Were the actions beneficial? Consequences are the measure of right or wrong (wise and unwise)
7
Consider the trend in gift giving: The utility of a gift card is remarkable. The gift giver is spared the time of selecting an appropriate gift. The “gift” transfers purchasing power to the gift card receiver to now have what they want to purchase. Economically speaking this is a good transaction.
The ethical question is does this view of gift giving meet the expectations of friendship?
Utility is an Economically oriented construct
8
Generate the most benefits as compared to disadvantages
Benefit the largest number of people; sometimes interpreted as MY people
Example – To cut costs, lay off 49% of your workforce. 51% are happy they have a job and the company stays in business.
Utilitarianism looks at short and long term consequences
9
Unforeseen consequences develop
Humans tend to downplay long term risks in favor of immediate rewards (Make this financial year quarter look good)
Humans tend to favor ourselves and then friends over others. MY PEOPLE versus the more philosophical US.
Utilitarianism suffers from serious human frailties
10
Viewpoint: There is Right and Wrong and we know the difference
Orientation: Moral Absolutism
Ethical Basics:
Do What’s Right No Matter What the Consequences
What is .
99 Homes Analytical PaperIn 2008, Great Recession swept across .docxsleeperharwell
99 Homes Analytical Paper
In 2008, Great Recession swept across the land of United States. Under the haze of the mortgage crisis, some american families failed to pay their mortgage loan and forced to be evicted from the homes they have been living for years. During the upheaval, many greedy real estate businessmen such as the role “Rick Carver” in the movie “99 Homes” who was taken by Michael Shannon earned dirty and cruel money by taking foreclosure houses forcefully from the unemployed and impoverished families. In the movie “99 Homes”, the ethic traps appear between the rigid law and ethic in the aspects of ethical fundamentalism and deontology.
In the movie “99 Homes”, Dennis Nash is a construction worker and failed to pay his house loan, then he was forced to be evicted with his mother and son by Rick Carver’s real estate company who represents the bank and the police force. Even though he tried to prove evidence and explain his circumstances that he has good reasons to explain delayed payment in the court, the judge ignores him ruthlessly. However, Rick Carver finds out his potential abilities and asks Nash to work with him and promises to pay him with good amount of money. Under the life pressure, Nash starts working with Rick as a assistant to evict other unemployed and impoverished families from their houses. After he stepped into this industry, he finds out the cruel reality about the whole society.
Ethical fundamentalism is an ethical practice that claims there is an absolute mortality that is set by an external source such as religious associations, law and corporate codes. Ethical fundamentalism gives guidance and improve certainty. When dealing with issues, ethical fundamentalism is more efficient and predictable since the rules are initially set up by an organization. However, it can also be negative. The concept of absolute morality could be too rigid and sometimes would not be agreed by everyone. In “99 Homes”, the reason that many impoverished and unemployed families failed to pay their loan is not only because they don’t work hard or they are not honest people, sometimes it is because of unexpected circumstances that cause them lose their jobs and fail to pay for the loans. Also, the impoverished people are more likely to be hurt by reality comparing with wealthy people due to their education level and growing experience. Nash loses his job under the influence of mortgage crisis, causes him fail to pay the loan, then his house is taken by the bank. In this circumstance, Nash does not do anything wrong, but he is still driven off from his own house. Rick, the police force, and the court follow the concept of ethical fundamentalism, they evict Nash by following the rigid law without considering his vulnerable circumstances and reasons, which cause an ethic trap. Also, after Nash works with Rick to evict another house owner and witnesses the hopelessness of the others, Rick says to Nash, “Don’t be soft, they all have sa.
Summary of: Gutberlet, Theresa. "Cheap Coal versus Market Access: The Role of Natural Resources and Demand in Germany’s Industrialization." Working Paper.
Presented on Mar. 11, 2013 in an Economic History class
Overview of EthicsTwo different ways of thinking about ethics .docxalfred4lewis58146
Overview of Ethics
Two different ways of thinking about ethics and business ethics
Absolutism
Relativism
1
Two Perspectives or Philosophical Paradigms
Relativism
There are universal moral and ethical standards
Absolutism
No moral standards exist universally
2
Examples
Absolutism: Stealing is wrong.
Relativism: Stealing to avoid starvation is acceptable, moral and ethical.
Rationale: There are levels of morality. In short, a family starving says that perhaps society is flawed and that a little stealing is fair and justified in this dire situation.
3
Cold Blooded Murder is wrong.
Cheating on scientific studies to prove a drug is safe is very wrong.
Telling a “white” lie may be lying but if the intent is to spare someone’s feelings from harm, well relative ethics might say it’s a little more right than wrong.
EXAMPLE
4
Free will versus Determinism (better known as fate):
If everything works out based on a universal plan of unchanging physical laws (determinism/fate/ it was meant to be), how can we say that humans have free will?
Without free will, how can humans be responsible for actions?
The rub!
5
Our choices matter
An individual’s free will interacts with others and there are outcomes with consequences
Our free will may bring the right or it may turn out to be in the wrong or just screwed up.
Possessing free will means that we have responsibility for our choices and some portion of the outcomes
Free Will
6
Utilitarianism – John Stuart Mill
Viewpoint: Do the Greatest good for the greatest Number
Orientation: Economics
Ethical Basics: Were the actions beneficial? Consequences are the measure of right or wrong (wise and unwise)
7
Consider the trend in gift giving: The utility of a gift card is remarkable. The gift giver is spared the time of selecting an appropriate gift. The “gift” transfers purchasing power to the gift card receiver to now have what they want to purchase. Economically speaking this is a good transaction.
The ethical question is does this view of gift giving meet the expectations of friendship?
Utility is an Economically oriented construct
8
Generate the most benefits as compared to disadvantages
Benefit the largest number of people; sometimes interpreted as MY people
Example – To cut costs, lay off 49% of your workforce. 51% are happy they have a job and the company stays in business.
Utilitarianism looks at short and long term consequences
9
Unforeseen consequences develop
Humans tend to downplay long term risks in favor of immediate rewards (Make this financial year quarter look good)
Humans tend to favor ourselves and then friends over others. MY PEOPLE versus the more philosophical US.
Utilitarianism suffers from serious human frailties
10
Viewpoint: There is Right and Wrong and we know the difference
Orientation: Moral Absolutism
Ethical Basics:
Do What’s Right No Matter What the Consequences
What is .
99 Homes Analytical PaperIn 2008, Great Recession swept across .docxsleeperharwell
99 Homes Analytical Paper
In 2008, Great Recession swept across the land of United States. Under the haze of the mortgage crisis, some american families failed to pay their mortgage loan and forced to be evicted from the homes they have been living for years. During the upheaval, many greedy real estate businessmen such as the role “Rick Carver” in the movie “99 Homes” who was taken by Michael Shannon earned dirty and cruel money by taking foreclosure houses forcefully from the unemployed and impoverished families. In the movie “99 Homes”, the ethic traps appear between the rigid law and ethic in the aspects of ethical fundamentalism and deontology.
In the movie “99 Homes”, Dennis Nash is a construction worker and failed to pay his house loan, then he was forced to be evicted with his mother and son by Rick Carver’s real estate company who represents the bank and the police force. Even though he tried to prove evidence and explain his circumstances that he has good reasons to explain delayed payment in the court, the judge ignores him ruthlessly. However, Rick Carver finds out his potential abilities and asks Nash to work with him and promises to pay him with good amount of money. Under the life pressure, Nash starts working with Rick as a assistant to evict other unemployed and impoverished families from their houses. After he stepped into this industry, he finds out the cruel reality about the whole society.
Ethical fundamentalism is an ethical practice that claims there is an absolute mortality that is set by an external source such as religious associations, law and corporate codes. Ethical fundamentalism gives guidance and improve certainty. When dealing with issues, ethical fundamentalism is more efficient and predictable since the rules are initially set up by an organization. However, it can also be negative. The concept of absolute morality could be too rigid and sometimes would not be agreed by everyone. In “99 Homes”, the reason that many impoverished and unemployed families failed to pay their loan is not only because they don’t work hard or they are not honest people, sometimes it is because of unexpected circumstances that cause them lose their jobs and fail to pay for the loans. Also, the impoverished people are more likely to be hurt by reality comparing with wealthy people due to their education level and growing experience. Nash loses his job under the influence of mortgage crisis, causes him fail to pay the loan, then his house is taken by the bank. In this circumstance, Nash does not do anything wrong, but he is still driven off from his own house. Rick, the police force, and the court follow the concept of ethical fundamentalism, they evict Nash by following the rigid law without considering his vulnerable circumstances and reasons, which cause an ethic trap. Also, after Nash works with Rick to evict another house owner and witnesses the hopelessness of the others, Rick says to Nash, “Don’t be soft, they all have sa.
Summary of: Gutberlet, Theresa. "Cheap Coal versus Market Access: The Role of Natural Resources and Demand in Germany’s Industrialization." Working Paper.
Presented on Mar. 11, 2013 in an Economic History class
Summary of the second half of: North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, Steven B. Webb, and Barry R. Weingast, eds. In the Shadow of Violence: Politics, Economics, and the Problems of Development. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Presented on Feb. 24, 2013 in an Economic History class
Book summary of: Mowery, David C., and Nathan Rosenberg. Paths of Innovation: Technological Change in 20th-Century America. Cambridge (GB): Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Presented on Feb. 10, 2013 in an Economic History class
rief overview over economic models of self-image concerns, plus some ideas for extensions, in time for Christmas break on Dec. 4, 2013, presented in a Management class on Judgement and Decision Making
Trust and Parochialism in a Culture of CrimeMichael Kirmes
Working Paper: Meier, Stephan, Lamar Pierce, and Antonino Vaccaro. Trust and Parochialism in a Culture of Crime. Working Paper, 2013.
Presented on Feb. 20, 2013
Paper presentation of Carlson, Mark, Kris James Mitchener, and Gary Richardson. “Arresting Banking Panics: Federal Reserve Liquidity Provision and the Forgotten Panic of 1929.” Journal of Political Economy 119, no. 5 (2011): 889–924.
Presented Feb 19, 2013
Seminar paper presentation of Baye, Michael R., Dan Kovenock, and Casper G. de Vries. “Rigging the Lobbying Process: An Application of the All-Pay Auction.” The American Economic Review 83, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 289–94.
Presented Nov. 27, 2012
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
4. Alexander Hamilton: a case in (gun) point
Hamilton’s duel considered
before as a case of rule-
following:
• Axelrod 1986
• North 1990
Rationality of Duelling:
• Allen & Reed 2006
• Kingston & Wright 2010
5. Opportunism
- might possibly die
- might possibly never see family again
- family may suffer
- creditors may suffer
- might possibly kill Burr, whom he has no
“ill will” against
- will “hazard much and gain nothing”
- adds to the number of “bad examples”
+ Live
- cannot be “in future, useful … in crises of
public affairs”
6. Pre-programmed Behavior
- might possibly die
- might possibly never see family again
- family may suffer
- creditors may suffer
- might possibly kill Burr, whom he has no
“ill will” against
- will “hazard much and gain nothing”
- adds to the number of “bad examples”
7. „Unchooseable“Options
- might possibly die
- might possibly never see family again
- family may suffer
- creditors may suffer
- might possibly kill Burr, whom he has no
“ill will” against
- will “hazard much and gain nothing”
- adds to the number of “bad examples”
+ Live
- cannot be “in future, useful … in crises of
public affairs”
Ruled out by
Code of Honor
9. Lexicographic preordering of Rules 2
+ Conforms to Code of Honor
- Violates religious principles
- Violates moral principles
- Violates obligations towards creditors
+ Conforms to religious principles
+ Conforms to moral principles
+ Fulfills obligations towards creditors
- Violates Code of Honor
10. Rules as Reasons
+ Conforms to Code of Honor
- Violates religious principles
- Violates moral principles
- Violates obligations towards creditors
- might possibly die
- might possibly never see family again
- family may suffer
- creditors may suffer
- might possibly kill Burr, whom he has no “ill will”
against
- will “hazard much and gain nothing”
- adds to the number of “bad examples”
+ Conforms to religious principles
+ Conforms to moral principles
+ Fulfills obligations towards creditors
+ Conforms with Law
- Violates Code of Honor
+ Live
- cannot be “in future, useful … in crises of public affairs”