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Ruby OOP: Objects over Classes Aman King king@thoughtworks.com RubyConf India 2010
What is OOP?
What is a class?
What is an object?
But before the serious stuff …
Detouring through a comic book universe … Image copyrighted by respective owners Source: http://www.comics.org/
Coming back …
What is an object?
Something that takes birth …
exhibits some behavior …
interacts with other objects …
and finally dies off  or  is simply forgotten …
all in an effort to solve a problem.
What is a class?
A container for related behavior …
that a new object can start off with.
A class itself is an object …
used to create other objects.
When creating a new object,  a class calls the object’s  private initialize method.
Typically a class is named …
referenced via  a global constant variable.
A class object can have singleton methods added to it.
These singleton methods can be invoked wherever the class object is accessible …
aka  “class-level methods”.
Why use classes?
Some possible reasons
An object remembers the class used to create it …
explicit type checking  using kind_of? …
implicit type checking  using case syntax …
implicit type checking  using rescue syntax.
A class can build on other classes:  inheritance.
A class can share state  across multiple objects:  @@class_variables.
Some good reasons
A named container of behavior can have more behavior added to it.
Any added behavior becomes part of all objects created by that class.
A class can represent  a common pattern of initialization.
Classes improve  readability and maintainability.
What a class is not?
The fundamental building block  of an application.
A strong data type.
An enforcement of  contract or limitations  on how objects can behave.
Ruby’s object focus
Classes are objects.
No static method-lookup tables:  chain of ancestors.
Singleton methods.
Private access modifier  is object-level.
Duck typing.
Finding hints in the real world …
Objects over classes: Consequences
Classes and hierarchies  no longer limit you.
Think through the usage of class-level methods and variables: globals?
Understanding meta-programming is easier.
Effective and confident  use of meta-programming.
Final words
Objects are first-class citizens.
Classes are useful but secondary.
Thank you king@thoughtworks.com http://www.wikyblog.com/AmanKing

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Ruby OOP: Objects over Classes