Paratuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most obstacles limit animal breeding sector all over the world. The current study aimed to detect the etiology of PTB in tissues of clinically suspected small ruminants using histopathological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Clinical examination showed 10 (26.4%) PTB suspected cases out of the total (38) examined animals. The suspected cases were euthanized, necropsied, gross lesions were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and molecular procedures. Grossly intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes thickening, corrugations and edematous swellings were recorded. Semi-thin sections of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes stained with toluidine blue demonstrated MAP organism inside epithelium cells and macrophages. RT-PCR detected MAP IS900 gene in all suspected cases (100%), thus we recommend using RT-PCR as a rapid sensitive method in the diagnosis of PTB.
Key-words: Paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Semi thin sections, Toluidine blue, IS900 gene
ABSTRACT- The biochemical and histopathological changes in rats experimentally infected with T. evansi isolated from camels in El-Gadarif State, Sudan, were studied. A number of 18 adult male outbred albino rats, weighing between 133-137g were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each (A,B and E). Group A and B were intraperitoneally infected with T. evansi (Showak stabilate) with 1×104 trypanosoma for the inoculum. Group B was given quinapyramine sulphate (20 mg/kg bwt) after parasitaemia was evident. Group E was left healthy uninfected controls for the stabilate. There was significant reduction in serum glucose and phosphorus; compared to significant increase in Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and total protein in groups (A and B). Microscopically, the brain tissues of the infected rats revealed acute congestion of the meningeal capillaries, perivascular oedema, neuronecrosis (vaculation), gliosis and trypomastigotes in dilated capillaries. The lung revealed oedema, congestion, multifocal alveolar emphysema, hyperplasia of the peri-bronchiolar lymphoid tissues and haemorrhages. The spleen showed extensive haemorrhages, haemosiderosis and aggregation of histiocytes resulting in multinuclear giant cells formation. The kidneys showed acute congestion of the glomerular tufts. All tissues obtained showed exactly the same histopathological changes. No significant histopathological alterations were observed in the liver and heart. The most consistent histopathological changes were seen in the brain, lungs, spleen and kidneys. These changes were consistent with trypanosome infection and were confirmed by the presence of trypanosomes in most of the tissue sections examined.
Key-words- histopathological, biochemical, changes, T. evansi, dromedary camels, Sudan
CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM
Pleomorphic bacillus
Oval, central/subterminal spores
Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas
Four distinct toxins
Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal
Gas gangrene in humans
CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI
Large, pleomorphic bacillus
Oval, subterminal spores
Strict anaerobe
Type A – causes gas gangrene
Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality
CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM
Oval, subterminal, bulging spores
Proteolytic
Gas gangrene in humans
Infection – exogenous/endogenous
Exogenous – implanted foreign particles
Endogenous – clean surgical procedures
ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS
Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue
Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue
Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins
GAS GANGRENE
Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass
Etiology
C. perfringens
C. novyi
C. septicum
C. histolyticum
Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks
C. perfringens – 10–48 hours
C. septicum – 2–3 days
C. novyi – 5–6 days
Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part
Accumulation of gas – crepitus
Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis on clinical grounds
Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism
SPECIMEN
Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound
Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab
Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments
C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores
C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli
C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores
Naegler reaction
Reverse CAMP test
Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene
Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly
Hyperbaric oxygen
Pantoea dispersa: Is it the Next Emerging “Monster” in our Intensive Care Uni...Prof. Mridul Panditrao
Prof. Mridul Panditrao, discusses, a case report; presentation, with unusual symptoms, unusual lab findings, unusual progression, but the same old ususal fatal outcome, in spite of trying everything. The main cause of thisultimately turned out to be Uncommon Genus Pantoea species dispersa. He adds the lextensive literatute Review too
Paratuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most obstacles limit animal breeding sector all over the world. The current study aimed to detect the etiology of PTB in tissues of clinically suspected small ruminants using histopathological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Clinical examination showed 10 (26.4%) PTB suspected cases out of the total (38) examined animals. The suspected cases were euthanized, necropsied, gross lesions were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and molecular procedures. Grossly intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes thickening, corrugations and edematous swellings were recorded. Semi-thin sections of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes stained with toluidine blue demonstrated MAP organism inside epithelium cells and macrophages. RT-PCR detected MAP IS900 gene in all suspected cases (100%), thus we recommend using RT-PCR as a rapid sensitive method in the diagnosis of PTB.
Key-words: Paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Semi thin sections, Toluidine blue, IS900 gene
ABSTRACT- The biochemical and histopathological changes in rats experimentally infected with T. evansi isolated from camels in El-Gadarif State, Sudan, were studied. A number of 18 adult male outbred albino rats, weighing between 133-137g were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each (A,B and E). Group A and B were intraperitoneally infected with T. evansi (Showak stabilate) with 1×104 trypanosoma for the inoculum. Group B was given quinapyramine sulphate (20 mg/kg bwt) after parasitaemia was evident. Group E was left healthy uninfected controls for the stabilate. There was significant reduction in serum glucose and phosphorus; compared to significant increase in Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and total protein in groups (A and B). Microscopically, the brain tissues of the infected rats revealed acute congestion of the meningeal capillaries, perivascular oedema, neuronecrosis (vaculation), gliosis and trypomastigotes in dilated capillaries. The lung revealed oedema, congestion, multifocal alveolar emphysema, hyperplasia of the peri-bronchiolar lymphoid tissues and haemorrhages. The spleen showed extensive haemorrhages, haemosiderosis and aggregation of histiocytes resulting in multinuclear giant cells formation. The kidneys showed acute congestion of the glomerular tufts. All tissues obtained showed exactly the same histopathological changes. No significant histopathological alterations were observed in the liver and heart. The most consistent histopathological changes were seen in the brain, lungs, spleen and kidneys. These changes were consistent with trypanosome infection and were confirmed by the presence of trypanosomes in most of the tissue sections examined.
Key-words- histopathological, biochemical, changes, T. evansi, dromedary camels, Sudan
CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM
Pleomorphic bacillus
Oval, central/subterminal spores
Anaerobic. saccharolytic, abundant gas
Four distinct toxins
Alpha toxin is hemolytic, demonecrotic and lethal
Gas gangrene in humans
CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI
Large, pleomorphic bacillus
Oval, subterminal spores
Strict anaerobe
Type A – causes gas gangrene
Large amounts of edema fluid, little or no observable gas, high mortality
CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM
Oval, subterminal, bulging spores
Proteolytic
Gas gangrene in humans
Infection – exogenous/endogenous
Exogenous – implanted foreign particles
Endogenous – clean surgical procedures
ANAEROBIC WOUND INFECTIONS
Simple wound contamination – no invasion of tissue
Anaerobic cellulitis – invasion of fascial planes, minimal toxin production, no invasion of muscle tissue
Anaerobic myositis – gas gangrene, invasion of muscle tissue, abundant formation of exotoxins
GAS GANGRENE
Rapidly spreading, edematous myonecrosis in association with severe wounds of extensive muscle mass
Etiology
C. perfringens
C. novyi
C. septicum
C. histolyticum
Incubation period – 7 hours to 6 weeks
C. perfringens – 10–48 hours
C. septicum – 2–3 days
C. novyi – 5–6 days
Increasing pain, tenderness and edema over the affected part
Accumulation of gas – crepitus
Untreated – profound toxemia and prostratio
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis on clinical grounds
Laboratory – confirmation of diagnosis and identification of infecting organism
SPECIMEN
Films – edge of affected area, tissue from necrotic area, exudate from deeper part of wound
Exudate collected from depth of wound – collected by capillary pipette or swab
Necrotic tissue/muscle fragments
C. perfringens – Gram-positive bacilli without spores
C. septicum – boat- or leaf-shaped pleomorphic bacilli
C. novyi – large bacilli with oval or subterminal spores
Naegler reaction
Reverse CAMP test
Surgery – most important therapeutic and prophylactic measure in gas gangrene
Damaged tissue removed extensively and promptly
Hyperbaric oxygen
Pantoea dispersa: Is it the Next Emerging “Monster” in our Intensive Care Uni...Prof. Mridul Panditrao
Prof. Mridul Panditrao, discusses, a case report; presentation, with unusual symptoms, unusual lab findings, unusual progression, but the same old ususal fatal outcome, in spite of trying everything. The main cause of thisultimately turned out to be Uncommon Genus Pantoea species dispersa. He adds the lextensive literatute Review too
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene. Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is a branch of medication that deals with health issues that arise unambiguously, or prove tough to manage in tropical and subtropic regions.
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Tropical Medicine & Hygiene research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
ABSTRACT- A number of 18 adults male outbred albino rats, weighing between 133-137g were used to investigate the drug susceptibility of Trypanosoma evansi strain isolated from naturally infected dromedary camels in Umbadir area, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The rats were divided into 3 groups (C, D and F) of 6 animals each. Group C and D were infected intraperitoneally with T. evansi (Umbadir stabilate) with 1×104 Trypanosome for the inoculum. Group D rats were given quinapyramine sulphate (20 mg/Kg bwt) after parasitaemia was evident. Group F was left as healthy uninfected control for the stabilate. When parasite counts were one or more parasites per field, counting in haemocytometer were used for exact number of parasite per cubic millimeter using Neubaeur’s counter. Parasites from tail blood were first fixed, stained and diluted in trypanosome diluting reagent. The parasites were diluted to the level that can be easily counted in WBC counting chamber in the haemocytometer. The total number of parasites was expressed as log10 number of parasites per ml of blood. The presence and degree of parasitaemia were determined daily for each rat by examining tail blood. The identity of the local stabilates of Trypanosoma evansi was confirmed through adopting PCR where primers that target the internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA were used. There was significant reduction in serum glucose and potassium as well as significant increase in total protein, urea, calcium, albumin and cholesterol in group C. The Umbadir stabilate showed low mortality and high sensitivity to quinapyramine sulphate.
Key-words- Drug susceptibility, T. evansi, Dromedary camels, Sudan
Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Feline MycoplasmosisIOSRJAVS
Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (formerly known as Haemobartonellafelis) are the causes of hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats. The parasites attach to the surface of the red blood cell, and have the potential to cause severe alterations of the cell’s shape, resulting in anaemia. A three-year-old tom cat was presented in University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of lethargy, reduced appetite and fever for past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed increased temperature(103º – 105º F), blanched mucous membranes and lymphadenopathy. Upon peripheral blood smear examination small coccoid organisms could be noticed in the periphery of the RBCs. Hematobiochemical examination revealed anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and decreased haematocrit values. The blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction which confirmed mycoplasmosis due to Mycoplasma haemofelis. The animal was treated with intravenous administration of oxytetracycline@ 10mg/kg BW for five days along with prednisolone and vitamin supplements. Uneventful clinical recovery was noticed 7 days post therapy.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Enjoy PMDC material on
thinkwithdr.shadab.blogspot.com
Download the past paper from dec 2019.
Follow the video lectures on basic subjects for step 1 on youtube channel "think with dr shadab"
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene. Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is a branch of medication that deals with health issues that arise unambiguously, or prove tough to manage in tropical and subtropic regions.
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Tropical Medicine & Hygiene research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
ABSTRACT- A number of 18 adults male outbred albino rats, weighing between 133-137g were used to investigate the drug susceptibility of Trypanosoma evansi strain isolated from naturally infected dromedary camels in Umbadir area, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The rats were divided into 3 groups (C, D and F) of 6 animals each. Group C and D were infected intraperitoneally with T. evansi (Umbadir stabilate) with 1×104 Trypanosome for the inoculum. Group D rats were given quinapyramine sulphate (20 mg/Kg bwt) after parasitaemia was evident. Group F was left as healthy uninfected control for the stabilate. When parasite counts were one or more parasites per field, counting in haemocytometer were used for exact number of parasite per cubic millimeter using Neubaeur’s counter. Parasites from tail blood were first fixed, stained and diluted in trypanosome diluting reagent. The parasites were diluted to the level that can be easily counted in WBC counting chamber in the haemocytometer. The total number of parasites was expressed as log10 number of parasites per ml of blood. The presence and degree of parasitaemia were determined daily for each rat by examining tail blood. The identity of the local stabilates of Trypanosoma evansi was confirmed through adopting PCR where primers that target the internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA were used. There was significant reduction in serum glucose and potassium as well as significant increase in total protein, urea, calcium, albumin and cholesterol in group C. The Umbadir stabilate showed low mortality and high sensitivity to quinapyramine sulphate.
Key-words- Drug susceptibility, T. evansi, Dromedary camels, Sudan
Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Feline MycoplasmosisIOSRJAVS
Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (formerly known as Haemobartonellafelis) are the causes of hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats. The parasites attach to the surface of the red blood cell, and have the potential to cause severe alterations of the cell’s shape, resulting in anaemia. A three-year-old tom cat was presented in University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of lethargy, reduced appetite and fever for past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed increased temperature(103º – 105º F), blanched mucous membranes and lymphadenopathy. Upon peripheral blood smear examination small coccoid organisms could be noticed in the periphery of the RBCs. Hematobiochemical examination revealed anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and decreased haematocrit values. The blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction which confirmed mycoplasmosis due to Mycoplasma haemofelis. The animal was treated with intravenous administration of oxytetracycline@ 10mg/kg BW for five days along with prednisolone and vitamin supplements. Uneventful clinical recovery was noticed 7 days post therapy.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Enjoy PMDC material on
thinkwithdr.shadab.blogspot.com
Download the past paper from dec 2019.
Follow the video lectures on basic subjects for step 1 on youtube channel "think with dr shadab"
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
RU DVM 10th batch group c (Created by Md. Rafiul Alam Naim)
1. WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION
ON
“INTERNSHIP AT CVASU”
Presented by
Group-C
DVM 10th Batch
Department of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences
University of Rajshahi
4. FACULTIES OF RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS UNDER FACULTY OF
AGRICULTURE
1. FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
2. FACULTY OF ARTS
3. FACULTY OF SCIAL SCIENCE
4. FACULTY OF FINE ARTS
5. FACULTY OF LAW
6. FACULTY OF BUSINESS
STUDIES
7. FACULTY OF SCIENCE
8. FACULTY OF LIFE & EARTH
SCIENCE
9. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
a) DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY
AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
b)DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
AND AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION
c) DEPARTMENT OF CROP
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
d)DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
5. CHITTAGONG VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY (CVASU), KHULSHI, CHITTAGONG
S. A. QUADARY TEACHING VETERINARY
HOSPITAL (SAQTVH) UNITS
1. FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (FVM)
2. FACULTY OF FISHERY
3. FACULTY OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
i. Dept. of Anatomy & Histology
ii. Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry &
Pharmacology
iii. Dept. of Animal Science & Nutrition
iv. Dept. of Microbiology & Veterinary
Public Health
v. Dept. of Pathology & Parasitology
vi. Dept. of Genetics & Animal
Breeding
vii. Dept. of Dairy & Poultry Science
viii. Dept. of Agricultural Economics &
Social Science
ix. Dept. of Medicine & Surgery
FARM ANIMAL
PET ANIMAL
SURGERY
POULTRY & AVIAN
OBSTETRICS
&
GYNECOLOGY
PRTC &
SPECIALIZED
DIAGNOSIS
AMBULATORY
CLINICS
CONSULTANCY
6. OUR EXPECTATIONS
TO APPLY THEORETICALLY GATHERED KNOWLEDGE PRACTICALLY IN THE FIELD.
TO KNOW HOW TO DIAGNOSE A DISEASE BY OBSERVING CLINICAL SIGNS AND
PERFORMING VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
TO KNOW THE LINE OF TREATMENT AGAINST THE DISEASES.
TO DEVELOPE OUR CONFIDENCE LEVEL ON HANDLING A DISEASE.
TO GATHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOME MAJOR SURGICAL CASES.
15. COMMON CASES AT PET UNIT
1 TICK INFESTATION
2 RABIES
3 MYASIS
4 ALOPECIA
5 WOUND
6 ENDOPARASITIASIS
7 DERMATITIS
8 VITAMIN MINERAL DEFICIENCY
9 PREGNENCY DIAGNOSIS
10 VACCINATION
16. TICK INFESTATION
CLINICAL SIGN
1. Presence of ticks at ear &
several body parts
2. Restlessness
TREATMENT
1. Ivermectin
2. Hematinic Preparation
17. ALOPECIA OF DOG
CLINICAL SIGN
1. Loss of hear
2. Dermatitis
TREATMENT
1. Povidone-Iodine (Viodin)
2. Neomycin-Bacitracin
(Nebanol)
3. Cetirizine HCl (Alatrol)
18. MYASIS OF DOG
CLINICAL SIGN
1. Maggot in the wound
2. Non-infectious wound
TREATMENT
1. Removal of maggots & Povidone
Iodine wash (Viodin)
2. Neomycin-Bacitracin locally use
(Nebanol)
3. Dress-Gel-FR / Oil of Terpentine
19. VACCINATION
Dog
DHPP + Lepto – S/C
Rabisin – I/M
------ 1st vaccination at 3 month of age
------ Boostering: 1 year intervally
Cat
Novivac Cat- S/C
Rabisin- I/M
------ 1st vaccination at 3 month of age
------ Boostering: 1 year intervally
23. FOWL POX
Clinical Sign
Pock lesion in the head, face and
non-feathered part of the body
Treatment
Pow. Oxytetacycline
Pulv. KMnO₄ for sprying
Monolorric Acid (Pulv. Fra-C-12)
24. INFECTIOUS BURSAL
DISEASE (GUMBORO)
Post mortem findings
Hemorrhage in the breast and thigh
muscle
Swollen of bursa with hemorrhage
Swollen of kidney
Lining hemorrhage in between
proventriculus and gizzard
Treatment
Sol. Ciprofloxacin
Kidney and Liver Tonic (Liq. Digestim)
Immune Stimulant (Liq Immolyte)
44. HOW FAR THE EXPECTATIONS FULFILLED
It was a great pleasure for all of us getting the
opportunity to perform as an intern-student in
SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, CVASU.
Now, our practical knowledge is much more
enriched than previous.
We are now confident about handling a disease.
EXPECTATION
ACHIEVED
95%
45. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. Prof. Dr. Bhajan Chandra Das
Director, SAQTVH, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences
University
2. Prof. Dr. A. K. M. Saifuddin
Director, External Affairs, CVASU.
3. Prof. Dr. Bibek Chandra Sutradhar
4. Prof. Dr. Mizanur Rahman
5. Prof. Dr. Azizunnesa
6. DR. Sazeda Akter
7. Dr. Suchandan Sikder
8. DR. Tuli Dey
9. DR. Tanjila Hasan
10. DR. Pranab Paul
