This report offers insight on the latest trends in phishing, malware and cybercrime around the world.

1. F R A U D R E P O R T
PHISH LOCKERS OUT IN THE WILD
August 2013
RSA researchers have been increasingly witnessing the activity of highly targeted Trojans,
dubbed ‘Phish Lockers’, used at the hands of cybercriminals to steal credentials. The
Trojans are deployed as a means to present online users with a phishing page that is
generated by malware, while locking the desktop, hence the name.
This type of malware is not defined as a banking Trojan in the traditional sense. It is basic
malicious code that can manipulate certain actions on an infected PC, but it is not a rootkit
or otherwise able to actively monitor online activity, keylog or perform web injections.
Phish lockers were observed attacking banks in Latin America earlier this year, where
local pharming is a very common attack method. However, the lockers are now starting
to show up in new regions, attacking one or more banks at a time.
INSIDE THE PHISH LOCKING ROOM
Much like most banking Trojans, phish lockers are activated by trigger. When an infected
user logs into a website contained on the malware’s trigger list, the Trojan becomes
active. However, unlike banking Trojans, phish lockers don’t have a classic configuration
file. Most of the information is hardcoded into the malware and therefore cannot be
changed on the fly. The malware is compatible with all major browsers including Internet
Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera.
The first visible action that the user will see is the browser window being shut down, then
the desktop’s START button disappearing (a common occurrence with ransomware, for
example). Based on the URL initially typed into the browser, the Trojan will pop-up a
corresponding web form that looks exactly like legitimate web page, but is actually a
phishing page.

2. page 2
The phish locker malware usually comes with a few hardcoded web forms, each requiring
a relevant set of credentials from infected bank customers. Usually, the information
requested by the malware corresponds with phishing attacks targeting the particular
bank. For example, if the bank uses out-of-band SMS for transaction verification, the form
might have a request for the user’s mobile number.
When banking Trojans infect user machines, they
are present on the device and can log a user’s
keystrokes and steal documents, certificates,
cookies and other elements dictated by the
botmaster. Banking malware regularly sends logs
of stolen information to its operator, using pre-
defined domains as communication resources.
Phish lockers on the other hand, are not designed
to carry out such complex activity and use basic
methods to transmit stolen data such as email.
In order to facilitate sending emails from the
infected PC, the malware’s author programmed it
to use Extended SMTP, predefining a sender and a
few recipients that will act as a fallback
mechanism in case the data gets intercepted or
the mailbox blocked/closed for some reason.
Yet another differentiator that separates banking Trojans from phish lockers is the mode of
activity. While banking malware steals and listens for data at all times when the browser is
open, the locker closes the browser altogether, and then does the stealing. Once the
information from the locker’s web forms is sent, the malware remains inactive and does
not carry out any other malicious activity on the PC, allowing the user to regain control.
CONCLUSION
It is rather interesting to see Trojans of this type, which are considered very basic when
compared to most banking Trojans in the wild. It is even more interesting to see them
appearing in geographies where banking security is considered to be very advanced.
This phenomenon may be linked with the trend towards privatization of banking Trojans.
This has created a barrier for many cybercriminals as they are denied access to purchase
more advanced malware kits to launch attacks. This could be perhaps be pushing some
cybercriminals to write and deploy simple malicious codes that will at least get their dirty
work done.
Figure 1: Phish locker’s web form
pop-up requesting credit card
information

3. page 3
Phishing Attacks per Month
RSA identified 45,232 phishing attacks
launched worldwide in July, marking a
26% increase in attack volume in the
last month.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Source:RSAAnti-FraudCommandCenter
59406
49488
35440
33768
41834
29581 30151
27463
24347
26902
36966 35831
Jul12
Aug12
Sep12
Oct12
Nov12
Dec12
Jan13
Feb13
Mar13
Apr13
May13
Jun13
Jul13
US Bank Types Attacked
National banks continue to be the most
targeted by phishing within the U.S.
banking sector with 74% of attacks in July
while credit unions were targeted by one
out of every ten attacks last month.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source:RSAAnti-FraudCommandCenter
11% 11% 9% 9% 12% 6% 15% 8% 17% 15% 8% 11% 11%
15%
15%
14%
14%
9%
15%
15% 23%
23%
12%
19% 13% 15%
74% 74% 77% 77% 79% 79% 70% 69% 60% 73% 73% 76% 74%
Jul12
Aug12
Sep12
Oct12
Nov12
Dec12
Jan13
Feb13
Mar13
Apr13
May13
Jun13
Jul13
45232

4. page 4
Top Countries by Attack Volume
The U.S. remained the country most
attacked by phishing in July, targeted by
58% of total phishing volume. Germany
endured the second highest volume of
phishing at 9%, followed by the UK at 8%.
India, France, Canada, South Africa and
Italy were collectively targeted by 15% of
phishing volume.
UKGermanyChinaCanadaSouth KoreaAustraliaa
United Kingdom 8%
U.S. 58%
Italy 3%
South Africa 3%
India 3%
Germany 9%
France 3%
Canada 3%
48 Other Countries 10%
BrasilIndiaNetherlandsCanadaItalyChinaS AfricaUS
Top Countries by Attacked Brands
U.S. brands were once again most affected
by phishing in July, targeted by 28% of
phishing attacks. Brands in the UK, India,
Italy and China together endured one-
quarter of phishing attack volume.
Top Hosting Countries
The U.S. remained the top hosting country
in July with 45% of global phishing attacks
hosted within the country, followed by
Canada, Germany, and the UK. To date,
RSA has worked with more than 15,300
hosting entities around the world to shut
down cyber attacks.
U.S. 45%
62 Other Countries 33%
Canada 6%
Netherlands 4%
France 3%
Germany 5%
United Kingdom 4%
BrasilIndiaNetherlandsCanadaItalyChinaS AfricaUSa
United Kingdom 11%
51 Other Countries 47%
U.S. 28%
China 4%
Australia 5%
India 6%
Italy 4%

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holders. AUG RPT 0813