The document provides an overview of rotator cuff injuries, including definitions, types, and causes, such as impingement syndrome and tendonitis. It discusses the anatomy of the rotator cuff, including key bones and muscles, along with special tests for diagnosis and the stages of impingement. Management strategies, including diagnosis through imaging and physiotherapy, are also highlighted.

1. Rotator cuff injuries
By- kajal sansoya

2. What is rotator cuff ?
• Rotator cuff includes both rotator cuff tear
and impingement syndrome.
• Rotator cuff is made up of muscles, tendons &
bones.
• Fine adjustments of the humeral head within
the glenoid is achieved by coordinated activity
of 4 intra-related muscles, arising from the
scapula and is called rotator cuff.

3. Normal Joint Motions and Bony Positions
Around the Shoulder Joint
SCAPULA
Rotation through arc of 65 degrees with shoulder abduction
Translation on thorax up to 15 cm
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
Abduction 140 degrees
Internal/external rotation 90 degrees/90 degrees
Translation
Anterior–posterior 5-10mm
Inferior–superior 4–5 mm
Total rotations
Baseball 185 degrees
Tennis 165 degrees

4. Bones of rotator cuff-
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Clavicle
Muscles of rotator cuff-
• Supraspiantus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• subscapularis

6. Types of rotator cuff injuries
• General wear & tear
• Tendinitis
• Bursitis
• Tendon strain or tear
• Shoulder impingement

8. Impingement syndrome
• Problem associated with supraspinatus
tendon occurs when rotator cuff rubs or
catches on the bones in the shoulder.
• Impingement syndrome causes persistent pain
as the tendons are injured and swell.

10. Causes
• Complete or partial rupture of rotator cuff
• Supraspinatus tendonitis
• Subacromical bursitis
• Periarthritis
• Bicipital tendosynovitis
• # of grater trochanter
• Subdeltoid bursitis

11. Special test
• Hawkins –kennedy
• Neer impingement
• Empty cane
• Drop-arm test
• Codman’s test

12. Supraspinatus tendonitis
• Common cause of impingement syndrome.
Impingement occurs beneath the coraco-acromial
arch.
• Structures involved are acromion, head of
humerus, greater tuberosity, supraspinatus
tendon, long head of biceps.
• Major site of compression is anterior to the angle
of the acromion.
• This is called anterior impingement syndrome,
painful arc syndrome.

14. Neer’s stages of impingement stages
• Edema stage
• Tendinitis and fibrosis
• Rotator cuff tear and rupture of biceps tendon
• Bone chnages.

15. Types of impingement syndrome
Primary- impingement occurs beneath the
coraco-acromial arch and is due to sub-acromial
overloading.
Secondary- due to relative decraese in
subacromial acrh and to micro-instability of the
glenohumeral joint or scapulo-thoracic instability.
Posterior- seen in overhead atheletes like
swimmers, tennis players. Supraspinatus and
infraspinatus tendons are pinched between the
posterior and superior aspects of glenoid when
the arm is in elevated and externally rotated.

17. Painful arc syndrome
• It is a clinical syndrome which occurs when the
tendons of rotator cuff muscles becomes irritated
and inflamed as they pass through the sub-
acromial space, the passage beneath the
acromion.
• Painful arc occurs on resisted abduction between
60-120 when the inflamed tendon press against
the acromion.
• Outside the range of 60-120 abduction is pain
free.

19. Special test
• Neer impingement
• Posterior internal impingement
• Reverse impingement sign
• Supine impingement

20. Tendon strain and tear
• A partial or full tear occurs the in the tendon
connecting muscles to the bone during on
abrupt or as a result of repeat motion.
• A torn rotator cuff causes pain, weakness and
instability to move the arm freely in full range
of motion
• Pain is overhead activities and when you try to
lift.

24. Diagnosis and evaluation
• X-rays
• MRI
• Special test
• Goniometer
• MMT

26. Physiotherapy management

27. Thank you
happy reading