Roselia Salinas, Dissertation Defense, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair, PVAMU/Member of the Texas A&M University System

1. Dissertation Defense Prairie View A & M University Educational Leadership Candidate: Roselia Alaniz Salinas Dissertation Chair: William Allan Kritsonis, Ph.D. Dissertation Committee: Douglas Hermond, Ph.D. David Herrington, Ph.D. Camille Gibson, Ph.D.

2. A Comparison of Alternatively and Traditionally Certified Bilingual Elementary Teachers’ Student Achievement Scores in Selected Major Urban Texas Schools A Dissertation Defense by Roselia Alaniz Salinas Dissertation Chair: William Allan Kritsonis, Ph.D. Prairie View A & M University Educational Leadership

4. Theoretical Framework TAKS READING TAKS MATH Certification Routes Student Performance TRADITIONAL ALTERNATIVE 001. Human Development Processes 002. Student Diversity 003. Instruction & Assessment 004. Learning Processes 005. Classroom Climate 006. Student Behavior 007. Communication 008. Student Engagement 009. Technology 010. Monitors Feedback/ Flexibility 011. Family Involvement 012. Professional Development 013. Legal & Ethical Teacher Competencies

35. Review of Literature Research Question 1 Darling-Hammond (1999) – A growing body of literature confirms that effective teachers are those who comprehend their subject matter, understand student learning and development, know a wide range of teaching methods, and have developed their skills under expert guidance.

38. Major Findings Research Question 2 TAKS Reading *p≤0.05 Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills Reading Scores t-test 67.84 110 Traditional certified 54.31 80 Alternative certified _ x n 13.524 .008* 188 2.689 Equal variances assumed TAKS Reading Mean Difference Sig. (2-tailed) df t

40. Major Findings Research Question 3 TAKS Mathematics *p≤0.05 Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills Mathematics Scores t-test 69.51 63 Traditional certified 52.65 65 Alternative certified _ x n 16.862 .006* 126 2.775 Equal variances assumed TAKS Math Mean Difference Sig. (2-tailed) df t

44. Major Findings Research Question 4 Factors that helped teacher preparedness: 39.1% 63.0% 012 - Professional Development 21.7% 13.0% 008 - Student Engagement 15.2% 9.3% 006 - Student Behavior 19.6% 7.4% 003 - Instruction and Assessment Alternative Traditional Competency

62. Major Findings Research Question 5 Skills wished exposed to in teacher preparation: 5.6% 19.2% 003 - Instruction and Assessment 16.7% 23.0% 008 - Student Engagement 26.0% 27.0% 006 - Student Behavior 37.0% 21.1% 002 - Student Diversity Traditional Alternative Competency

83. A Comparison of Alternatively and Traditionally Certified Bilingual Elementary Teachers’ Student Achievement Scores in Selected Major Urban Texas Schools Dissertation Defense Candidate: Roselia Alaniz Salinas