Lecture by economist Ronan Lyons, at the 2012 Parnell Summer School, outlining the limits to the importance of economic sovereignty - and the greater need to calculate a social return on public resources spent.
Looking at the statistics around the demographic splits and how they affect economic growth and prosperity, it becomes obvious that a Youth Movement is Required and Soon.
Slides from the Nevin Economic Research Institute's post Budget seminar. Speakers Michelle Murphy (Social Justice Ireland), Cormac Staunton (TASC) and Michael Taft (UNITE)
This document discusses fiscal policy in the United States in the context of rising inequality. It makes three key points:
1) Inequality in the US is high and growing, with the top 1% gaining significantly more income than the rest. Government can and should do more to promote equality of opportunity through public investment and insurance programs.
2) Public investment, such as in infrastructure and education, provides jobs and yields high economic returns that complement private sector growth. However, the US underinvests in these areas.
3) The US tax base is inadequate given spending needs. Moderate tax increases coupled with more progressive public spending could help address inequality without steep rate increases. Overall fiscal policy should consider both spending and
1. Developing countries share common characteristics including lower levels of living standards, productivity, and human capital compared to developed countries. They also have higher levels of inequality, poverty, population growth, and rural populations.
2. Countries are classified by income level using GDP per capita thresholds set by the World Bank. The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a holistic measure of living levels based on health, education, and income indicators.
3. Diversity exists within the common characteristics of developing countries. Absolute poverty, mortality rates, and education levels vary significantly between and within countries based on factors like location, gender, and ethnicity.
This document discusses rising income inequality in OECD countries. It finds that inequality increased in both high- and low-inequality nations from 1975 to 2010, during recessions and booms, and despite rising employment. Developments in labor earnings and markets were primary drivers, with very high incomes increasing and lower-skilled workers falling behind due to factors like non-standard work and technology benefiting high-skilled workers more. While redistribution through taxes and benefits reduced inequality, these systems became less effective at doing so in many nations. The document recommends policies to support low-income households, review tax provisions, promote skills training, and facilitate employment opportunities for underrepresented groups.
The document discusses the economic crisis and recovery in Spain from 2008-present. It describes the crisis response as initially focusing on fiscal stimulus but shifting in 2010 to structural adjustment through internal wage devaluation, labor market reforms, and fiscal devaluation. While this approach reduced macroeconomic imbalances, it also depressed domestic demand and income inequality grew. Long-term growth foundations remain weak due to issues like high debt, low investment, unemployment, and poverty. Bolder actions are needed to strengthen competitiveness and boost research, education, and social cohesion.
The end of the beginning: Private defined benefit pensions and the new normalILC- UK
Held on Wednesday, 18th January 2017 in the House of Lords, this event launched the ILC-UK report 'The end of the beginning? Private defined benefit pensions and the new normal'.
This document discusses various measures used to analyze income inequality and poverty. It defines income inequality as the unequal distribution of income across members of an economy. The Lorenz curve is introduced as a graphical representation of income distribution. Measures of poverty discussed include the headcount index, poverty gap, poverty gap index, and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index. These measures provide ways to quantify levels of poverty and income inequality within and between populations.
Looking at the statistics around the demographic splits and how they affect economic growth and prosperity, it becomes obvious that a Youth Movement is Required and Soon.
Slides from the Nevin Economic Research Institute's post Budget seminar. Speakers Michelle Murphy (Social Justice Ireland), Cormac Staunton (TASC) and Michael Taft (UNITE)
This document discusses fiscal policy in the United States in the context of rising inequality. It makes three key points:
1) Inequality in the US is high and growing, with the top 1% gaining significantly more income than the rest. Government can and should do more to promote equality of opportunity through public investment and insurance programs.
2) Public investment, such as in infrastructure and education, provides jobs and yields high economic returns that complement private sector growth. However, the US underinvests in these areas.
3) The US tax base is inadequate given spending needs. Moderate tax increases coupled with more progressive public spending could help address inequality without steep rate increases. Overall fiscal policy should consider both spending and
1. Developing countries share common characteristics including lower levels of living standards, productivity, and human capital compared to developed countries. They also have higher levels of inequality, poverty, population growth, and rural populations.
2. Countries are classified by income level using GDP per capita thresholds set by the World Bank. The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a holistic measure of living levels based on health, education, and income indicators.
3. Diversity exists within the common characteristics of developing countries. Absolute poverty, mortality rates, and education levels vary significantly between and within countries based on factors like location, gender, and ethnicity.
This document discusses rising income inequality in OECD countries. It finds that inequality increased in both high- and low-inequality nations from 1975 to 2010, during recessions and booms, and despite rising employment. Developments in labor earnings and markets were primary drivers, with very high incomes increasing and lower-skilled workers falling behind due to factors like non-standard work and technology benefiting high-skilled workers more. While redistribution through taxes and benefits reduced inequality, these systems became less effective at doing so in many nations. The document recommends policies to support low-income households, review tax provisions, promote skills training, and facilitate employment opportunities for underrepresented groups.
The document discusses the economic crisis and recovery in Spain from 2008-present. It describes the crisis response as initially focusing on fiscal stimulus but shifting in 2010 to structural adjustment through internal wage devaluation, labor market reforms, and fiscal devaluation. While this approach reduced macroeconomic imbalances, it also depressed domestic demand and income inequality grew. Long-term growth foundations remain weak due to issues like high debt, low investment, unemployment, and poverty. Bolder actions are needed to strengthen competitiveness and boost research, education, and social cohesion.
The end of the beginning: Private defined benefit pensions and the new normalILC- UK
Held on Wednesday, 18th January 2017 in the House of Lords, this event launched the ILC-UK report 'The end of the beginning? Private defined benefit pensions and the new normal'.
This document discusses various measures used to analyze income inequality and poverty. It defines income inequality as the unequal distribution of income across members of an economy. The Lorenz curve is introduced as a graphical representation of income distribution. Measures of poverty discussed include the headcount index, poverty gap, poverty gap index, and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index. These measures provide ways to quantify levels of poverty and income inequality within and between populations.
劉遵義 Income inequality under economic globalisation(final) 20150414Andy Kuo
The document discusses income inequality under economic globalization. It examines how globalization and technological changes have contributed to rising income inequality within and between countries. While globalization has helped lift many people out of poverty, it has also been a factor in increasing national income disparities and declining wages in some developed countries. The Gini coefficient is presented as a common measure of income inequality, with higher values indicating greater inequality.
Inequality, Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
The document discusses inequality, economic growth, and development. It covers several topics: Kuznets and income inequality; real income growth in the USA and top income shares; a global perspective on inequality between 1988-2008 showing rising incomes for the middle class in China and India. It also discusses the root causes of inequality like less progressive tax systems and market failures in education and housing. Strategies to reduce inequality include investing in education, pursuing inclusive pro-poor growth policies, and microfinance. Overall, the document examines inequality from various economic perspectives and proposes approaches to promote shared prosperity across populations.
This document is a presentation by four students - Nishat Jahan Supti, Sadman Joa Aninda, Atia Iffat Naziba, and Md Shazidul Islam - on economic inequality in developing countries. It defines economic inequality, identifies the main types as income, pay, and wealth inequality. It also explains how inequality is measured using tools like the Gini coefficient and ratio measures. The presentation then characterizes developing countries and discusses their high levels of inequality, poverty, population growth, and more. It concludes by proposing policies to reduce inequality through employment programs, education access, and other interventions.
Economic inequality is an important social issue with implications for equity, crime rates, and life satisfaction. Data shows the gap between rich and poor has grown significantly rather than diminished over time. The three richest individuals now possess more wealth than the poorest 48 nations combined. High inequality is linked to worse social outcomes like higher rates of health and social problems. It can also undermine economic growth and political stability if inequality causes social unrest. Reducing inequality through policies that boost opportunities for all members of society may help create fairer and more cohesive communities.
This document discusses income distribution in Malaysia, comparing differences across ethnic groups, geographic areas, sectors, and states. It provides data on household income levels for Bumiputera, Chinese, Indian, and other ethnicities from 1990 to 2014, showing generally increasing incomes but with unequal distribution. Income is also unequal between urban and rural areas and across states. Factors contributing to these inequalities include differences in education, asset ownership, access to capital, and employment patterns. Measures taken to address unequal distribution include employment restructuring, education upgrading, private sector participation, and Bumiputera skills development. The document also discusses income distribution from an Islamic perspective involving inheritance laws, zakat, prohibitions on interest and ho
The document discusses income inequality, which is the gap between rich and poor in terms of wealth and income distribution. It provides data on income inequality ratios between the richest and poorest 10% of populations in various countries. Income inequality varies between societies, economic systems, and over time. There are various ways to measure economic inequality numerically, including Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The document then discusses some of the key causes of income inequality like changes in labor markets, globalization, technology, and tax policies. It also discusses some of the impacts and trade-offs of income inequality.
This document summarizes an economic report analyzing the relationship between economic growth and inequality in 73 countries from 1993-2013. Two regression models were used to examine the impact of various economic variables on the rate of economic growth. The first model found a positive relationship between internal direct investment and growth. The second model found positive relationships between gross capital formation and growth. Both models found negative relationships between the GINI index, government debt, and GDP per capita with economic growth. The analysis aims to better understand how inequality impacts economic growth.
Job creation & poverty alleviation in v4 countriesantalszabo
This document provides information on job creation and poverty alleviation through microcrediting in the V4 countries of Central Europe. It discusses high youth unemployment rates in the EU and V4 countries in particular. Microcredit is presented as a way to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty. The document outlines poverty levels and at-risk poverty rates in the EU and V4 countries. It provides an overview of microfinance institutions operating in each of the V4 countries and the amounts of funding available through the European Union's Progress Microfinance Facility. In summary, the document examines how microcredit can help address issues of unemployment and poverty in Central and Eastern Europe.
The document discusses government deficits and debt. It notes that government spending (G) reduces other categories like consumption and investment. It then discusses the size of the current US debt held by the public ($16 trillion) and total debt including social security ($20 trillion). A ratio of debt to GDP is used to measure indebtedness over time, which has historically risen during wars and fallen during peacetime, until recently. The document then discusses different ways to pay for government spending like taxes, borrowing, and money printing, noting each option has drawbacks.
The document discusses income inequality and GDP growth in several countries by examining their Gini coefficients. It finds that India and Mexico have relatively high Gini coefficients, indicating high income inequality, while Denmark and countries with low Gini coefficients tend to have greater GDP growth. The US has high wealth inequality though also has one of the largest economies. Singapore has the highest income inequality among developed OECD countries. Government transfers are effective at reducing inequality in most countries.
Economics: Poverty, Inequality & Development Lilliene Alleje
The document discusses various methods for measuring poverty and inequality, including Lorenz curves, Gini coefficients, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index. It also examines the relationship between economic growth, inequality, and poverty reduction. Key growth typologies include traditional sector enrichment, modern sector enrichment, and modern sector enlargement. While growth may initially worsen inequality according to Kuznet's hypothesis, policies like progressive taxation, asset redistribution, and direct transfers can help address poverty and inequality.
This document discusses wealth inequality. It defines wealth inequality as the unequal distribution of assets within a population. Wealth inequality is more pronounced than income inequality in many countries. The document examines differences between income and wealth, and predicts future shifts in global wealth distribution with China claiming a high position. It also lists statistics on concentration of wealth among the top 10% of citizens in several countries. Potential causes of and solutions to wealth inequality are reviewed, such as universal healthcare and inheritance taxes.
The document discusses the concept of place resilience and the Centre for Local Economic Strategies' (CLES) model for assessing it. CLES views resilience as making a place able to withstand economic and environmental shocks while maintaining a strong, equitable economy and society. The model examines four areas - the public economy, social economy, core economy, and commercial economy - and the relationships between them that contribute to a place's resilience. CLES has applied this model in research projects in the UK and other countries.
This slide is for reference only. do not share it to anyone.
This slide is base on the book Microeconomics by McConnell and Brue, 12th and 14th edition.
The document discusses income inequality and the Occupy Wall Street movement. It defines income inequality as the uneven distribution of income among a population. In the U.S., the gap between rich and poor has grown significantly over the past 30 years. Occupy Wall Street protested in 2011 against social and economic inequality and the control large financial institutions have. The movement drew attention to the fact that the top 20% of Americans control over half the country's wealth. Income inequality is a global issue and the gap between rich and poor continues to widen both in developed and developing nations.
Literature review and summary of recent publications, blogs and reports. Delivered July 3 2014, At University of Novi Sad Conference: The Socio-Economic Aspects of Inequality.
This document summarizes Australia's strong economic growth over the past 25 years, with average annual GDP growth of 3.25%. Low inflation, rising real wages, and low unemployment contributed to broadly shared increases in living standards. However, it notes that some Australians have missed out on these benefits. While Australia avoided severe downturns like other countries experienced in the late 1990s and 2000s, the global financial crisis presented the biggest test, to which Australian policymakers responded swiftly with fiscal stimulus, interest rate cuts, and bank funding guarantees. Overall, the document establishes that Australia has had a strong economic platform and growth has been relatively equitable, but warns that inequality has been rising and new economic challenges could threaten continued shared prosperity.
The document discusses income inequality and poverty in the United States. It measures inequality using data that shows the richest 20% earn about 10 times as much as the poorest 20%. It also examines political philosophies around redistributing income, including utilitarianism supporting it, liberalism allowing for it as social insurance, and libertarianism opposing it. The document also analyzes policies to reduce poverty like minimum wage laws, welfare, negative income taxes, and in-kind transfers, noting each have unintended effects on work incentives.
Valentia Profesional: "No soy el mejor, soy el adecuado". Bilbao #Emprende2012 Alfonso Alcántara YORIENTO
5 factores para incrementar tu valentía ante la vida profesional.
Coaching y psicología aplicadas para profesionales y emprendedores.
Ponencia en Congreso #Emprende2012 SPRI Gobierno Vasco
Una hija es asaltada y herida por un ladrón mientras su madre se despedía de ella. La hija es llevada de emergencia al hospital donde es operada. La madre, preocupada, espera noticias hasta que ve a su hija salir del hospital sana y salva, donde ambas agradecen a los doctores por su ayuda.
劉遵義 Income inequality under economic globalisation(final) 20150414Andy Kuo
The document discusses income inequality under economic globalization. It examines how globalization and technological changes have contributed to rising income inequality within and between countries. While globalization has helped lift many people out of poverty, it has also been a factor in increasing national income disparities and declining wages in some developed countries. The Gini coefficient is presented as a common measure of income inequality, with higher values indicating greater inequality.
Inequality, Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
The document discusses inequality, economic growth, and development. It covers several topics: Kuznets and income inequality; real income growth in the USA and top income shares; a global perspective on inequality between 1988-2008 showing rising incomes for the middle class in China and India. It also discusses the root causes of inequality like less progressive tax systems and market failures in education and housing. Strategies to reduce inequality include investing in education, pursuing inclusive pro-poor growth policies, and microfinance. Overall, the document examines inequality from various economic perspectives and proposes approaches to promote shared prosperity across populations.
This document is a presentation by four students - Nishat Jahan Supti, Sadman Joa Aninda, Atia Iffat Naziba, and Md Shazidul Islam - on economic inequality in developing countries. It defines economic inequality, identifies the main types as income, pay, and wealth inequality. It also explains how inequality is measured using tools like the Gini coefficient and ratio measures. The presentation then characterizes developing countries and discusses their high levels of inequality, poverty, population growth, and more. It concludes by proposing policies to reduce inequality through employment programs, education access, and other interventions.
Economic inequality is an important social issue with implications for equity, crime rates, and life satisfaction. Data shows the gap between rich and poor has grown significantly rather than diminished over time. The three richest individuals now possess more wealth than the poorest 48 nations combined. High inequality is linked to worse social outcomes like higher rates of health and social problems. It can also undermine economic growth and political stability if inequality causes social unrest. Reducing inequality through policies that boost opportunities for all members of society may help create fairer and more cohesive communities.
This document discusses income distribution in Malaysia, comparing differences across ethnic groups, geographic areas, sectors, and states. It provides data on household income levels for Bumiputera, Chinese, Indian, and other ethnicities from 1990 to 2014, showing generally increasing incomes but with unequal distribution. Income is also unequal between urban and rural areas and across states. Factors contributing to these inequalities include differences in education, asset ownership, access to capital, and employment patterns. Measures taken to address unequal distribution include employment restructuring, education upgrading, private sector participation, and Bumiputera skills development. The document also discusses income distribution from an Islamic perspective involving inheritance laws, zakat, prohibitions on interest and ho
The document discusses income inequality, which is the gap between rich and poor in terms of wealth and income distribution. It provides data on income inequality ratios between the richest and poorest 10% of populations in various countries. Income inequality varies between societies, economic systems, and over time. There are various ways to measure economic inequality numerically, including Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The document then discusses some of the key causes of income inequality like changes in labor markets, globalization, technology, and tax policies. It also discusses some of the impacts and trade-offs of income inequality.
This document summarizes an economic report analyzing the relationship between economic growth and inequality in 73 countries from 1993-2013. Two regression models were used to examine the impact of various economic variables on the rate of economic growth. The first model found a positive relationship between internal direct investment and growth. The second model found positive relationships between gross capital formation and growth. Both models found negative relationships between the GINI index, government debt, and GDP per capita with economic growth. The analysis aims to better understand how inequality impacts economic growth.
Job creation & poverty alleviation in v4 countriesantalszabo
This document provides information on job creation and poverty alleviation through microcrediting in the V4 countries of Central Europe. It discusses high youth unemployment rates in the EU and V4 countries in particular. Microcredit is presented as a way to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty. The document outlines poverty levels and at-risk poverty rates in the EU and V4 countries. It provides an overview of microfinance institutions operating in each of the V4 countries and the amounts of funding available through the European Union's Progress Microfinance Facility. In summary, the document examines how microcredit can help address issues of unemployment and poverty in Central and Eastern Europe.
The document discusses government deficits and debt. It notes that government spending (G) reduces other categories like consumption and investment. It then discusses the size of the current US debt held by the public ($16 trillion) and total debt including social security ($20 trillion). A ratio of debt to GDP is used to measure indebtedness over time, which has historically risen during wars and fallen during peacetime, until recently. The document then discusses different ways to pay for government spending like taxes, borrowing, and money printing, noting each option has drawbacks.
The document discusses income inequality and GDP growth in several countries by examining their Gini coefficients. It finds that India and Mexico have relatively high Gini coefficients, indicating high income inequality, while Denmark and countries with low Gini coefficients tend to have greater GDP growth. The US has high wealth inequality though also has one of the largest economies. Singapore has the highest income inequality among developed OECD countries. Government transfers are effective at reducing inequality in most countries.
Economics: Poverty, Inequality & Development Lilliene Alleje
The document discusses various methods for measuring poverty and inequality, including Lorenz curves, Gini coefficients, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index. It also examines the relationship between economic growth, inequality, and poverty reduction. Key growth typologies include traditional sector enrichment, modern sector enrichment, and modern sector enlargement. While growth may initially worsen inequality according to Kuznet's hypothesis, policies like progressive taxation, asset redistribution, and direct transfers can help address poverty and inequality.
This document discusses wealth inequality. It defines wealth inequality as the unequal distribution of assets within a population. Wealth inequality is more pronounced than income inequality in many countries. The document examines differences between income and wealth, and predicts future shifts in global wealth distribution with China claiming a high position. It also lists statistics on concentration of wealth among the top 10% of citizens in several countries. Potential causes of and solutions to wealth inequality are reviewed, such as universal healthcare and inheritance taxes.
The document discusses the concept of place resilience and the Centre for Local Economic Strategies' (CLES) model for assessing it. CLES views resilience as making a place able to withstand economic and environmental shocks while maintaining a strong, equitable economy and society. The model examines four areas - the public economy, social economy, core economy, and commercial economy - and the relationships between them that contribute to a place's resilience. CLES has applied this model in research projects in the UK and other countries.
This slide is for reference only. do not share it to anyone.
This slide is base on the book Microeconomics by McConnell and Brue, 12th and 14th edition.
The document discusses income inequality and the Occupy Wall Street movement. It defines income inequality as the uneven distribution of income among a population. In the U.S., the gap between rich and poor has grown significantly over the past 30 years. Occupy Wall Street protested in 2011 against social and economic inequality and the control large financial institutions have. The movement drew attention to the fact that the top 20% of Americans control over half the country's wealth. Income inequality is a global issue and the gap between rich and poor continues to widen both in developed and developing nations.
Literature review and summary of recent publications, blogs and reports. Delivered July 3 2014, At University of Novi Sad Conference: The Socio-Economic Aspects of Inequality.
This document summarizes Australia's strong economic growth over the past 25 years, with average annual GDP growth of 3.25%. Low inflation, rising real wages, and low unemployment contributed to broadly shared increases in living standards. However, it notes that some Australians have missed out on these benefits. While Australia avoided severe downturns like other countries experienced in the late 1990s and 2000s, the global financial crisis presented the biggest test, to which Australian policymakers responded swiftly with fiscal stimulus, interest rate cuts, and bank funding guarantees. Overall, the document establishes that Australia has had a strong economic platform and growth has been relatively equitable, but warns that inequality has been rising and new economic challenges could threaten continued shared prosperity.
The document discusses income inequality and poverty in the United States. It measures inequality using data that shows the richest 20% earn about 10 times as much as the poorest 20%. It also examines political philosophies around redistributing income, including utilitarianism supporting it, liberalism allowing for it as social insurance, and libertarianism opposing it. The document also analyzes policies to reduce poverty like minimum wage laws, welfare, negative income taxes, and in-kind transfers, noting each have unintended effects on work incentives.
Valentia Profesional: "No soy el mejor, soy el adecuado". Bilbao #Emprende2012 Alfonso Alcántara YORIENTO
5 factores para incrementar tu valentía ante la vida profesional.
Coaching y psicología aplicadas para profesionales y emprendedores.
Ponencia en Congreso #Emprende2012 SPRI Gobierno Vasco
Una hija es asaltada y herida por un ladrón mientras su madre se despedía de ella. La hija es llevada de emergencia al hospital donde es operada. La madre, preocupada, espera noticias hasta que ve a su hija salir del hospital sana y salva, donde ambas agradecen a los doctores por su ayuda.
El documento presenta varios ejemplos de personas valientes que utilizaron el arte y la creatividad para defender causas en las que creían a pesar de los desafíos y el miedo. Incluye poetas, músicos, pintores y cineastas que lucharon por la paz, los derechos humanos y la justicia a través de su trabajo.
La felicidad es el estado emocional de una persona feliz, una ilusión de bienestar y satisfacción, una paz interior. Valentía es actitud o sentimiento que puede tener una persona ante una situación de posible peligro o miedo, una actitud que sólo los seres humanos pueden tener y lo puede resolver con actitud e ilusión de poder cumplir con su meta. El documento discute las ilusiones de la felicidad y la valentía, describiendo la felicidad como un estado emocional de bienestar y satisfacción, y la valentía como una act
Este documento describe la difícil situación que enfrentan las mujeres en Afganistán bajo el gobierno fundamentalista. Se les niegan todos los derechos y libertades, y viven bajo estrictas restricciones que incluyen prohibiciones a la educación, el trabajo y la libertad de movimiento. Muchas mujeres se ven obligadas a casarse a una edad temprana y sufren violencia doméstica, lo que a veces las lleva al suicidio. Los dibujos tristes de los niños afganos reflejan esta realidad opresiva.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y altas tasas de desempleo en 2020 debido a los bloqueos y restricciones. A medida que se implementan las vacunas, se espera que la actividad económica se recupere en 2021 aunque el panorama sigue siendo incierto.
La valentía no es ser fuerte o listo, sino enfrentar los miedos ya sea por otros o por uno mismo. A veces se aprende a ser valiente desde pequeño para enfrentar lo que vendrá, pero otras veces no es necesario prepararse y solo hay que vivir la vida. La historia de la familia Bravo ha enseñado a enfrentar los retos de la vida.
El documento contiene una serie de frases relacionadas con la valentía. Algunas frases destacan que la valentía consiste en enfrentar los miedos y problemas en lugar de esconderse de ellos, y que los valientes ven las oportunidades donde los cobardes ven incertidumbre. Otras frases enfatizan la necesidad de ser fuerte para enfrentar los desafíos de la vida y luchar por los sueños y creencias propias.
El documento define la valentía como el valor que nos permite luchar por lo que vale la pena y superar nuestros miedos, aunque requiere fortaleza interior. Explica que a veces la valentía implica asumir responsabilidad por nuestros errores y defender lo correcto aunque nos cueste, y que producir personas dignas de respeto.
Por qué mueren los heroes. Reflexión Bíblica, Valores, Cristianismo, Valentía...Juan Carlos Carcamo
Los héroes son seres especiales que dejan un legado. El mayor heroe de la historia se llama Jesucristo, debemos aprender de sus enseñanzas y reconocer su legado
El documento resume las principales celebraciones y eventos de la Semana Santa, incluyendo el Domingo de Ramos, el Lunes Santo, el Martes Santo, el Miércoles Santo, el Jueves Santo, el Viernes Santo, el Sábado de Gloria y el Domingo de Resurrección. También enfatiza la importancia de dedicar la Semana Santa a la oración y reflexión sobre los misterios de la Pasión y Muerte de Jesús.
La valentía se refiere a la manifestación externa del valor y puede ser jactanciosa u ostentosa. El valor, en cambio, es una cualidad interna que conlleva esfuerzo, tesón y decisión para afrontar situaciones difíciles cuando la obligación o necesidad lo requieren, aunque de forma callada e invisible. La valentía busca el lucimiento propio mientras que el valor antepone otros motivos por encima del riesgo personal.
El documento habla sobre la importancia de vivir en comunidad y convivir de forma armónica mediante el uso de valores y normas de urbanidad. Incluye actividades para desarrollar valores como la responsabilidad, la sinceridad, la amistad, el perdón, el coraje, el amor, la libertad, el respeto y la tolerancia. El objetivo final es aprender a aceptar a los demás y llevarse bien en la sociedad.
El documento describe cómo Jesús no vino al mundo para condenar, lastimar o hacer caer a la humanidad, sino para ofrecer su amor. Sin el amor de Jesús, las personas viven con temor, egoísmo, rencor y pierden la esperanza. Jesús no vino a castigar o abandonar, sino a enseñar a través de su sacrificio en la cruz a valorar a los demás y ayudar a los que sufren. Jesús vino a enseñar a convertir los errores en virtudes y a vivir una vida de amor como él, no a
El documento describe una serie de valores importantes para enseñar a los niños, incluyendo la libertad, honestidad, valentía, veracidad, humildad, amor, paz, respeto, responsabilidad y tolerancia social. Explica brevemente cada uno de estos valores y por qué son importantes para las relaciones interpersonales y la sociedad.
La Cuaresma y Semana Santa son periodos importantes en el calendario litúrgico de la Iglesia Católica. La Cuaresma, de 40 días, es un tiempo de preparación espiritual para la Pascua a través del ayuno, la oración y la penitencia. La Semana Santa conmemora los eventos finales de la vida de Jesús, incluyendo su entrada triunfal a Jerusalén, la Última Cena, crucifixión y muerte. El punto culminante es el Triduo Pascual, que comprende el Jueves Santo, Vi
Este documento describe la importancia de enseñar valores como la generosidad, obediencia, perseverancia, respeto al bien común y tolerancia a los niños. Explica que los niños aprenden valores a través del ejemplo de sus padres y maestros, así como actividades como compartir juguetes, cumplir con tareas y conocer otras culturas. También recomienda usar cuentos, juegos y semanas temáticas para reforzar la enseñanza de valores.
Un grupo de personas se aferraba a una cuerda colgante de un helicóptero, incluyendo a 10 hombres y 1 mujer. La cuerda no podía soportar el peso de todos y alguien tenía que soltarse para que los demás no cayeran. La mujer se ofreció voluntariamente para soltarse, diciendo que como madre, esposa, hija y profesional siempre anteponía los intereses de los demás a los propios. Los hombres aplaudieron emocionados su sacrificio, pero terminaron soltándose y cayendo todos
This document summarizes the key points made in a presentation on creating a fair society in Northern Ireland. It notes that unprecedented cuts have targeted disabled people and those in poverty, with 58% of all cuts impacting these groups. It highlights that the poorest families pay the highest taxes and live on very little income. Despite legislation promoting rights and equality, these cuts are exacerbating inequality. The presentation calls for building an alliance to advocate for a vision of a society with equal rights and opportunities for all.
Talk by Dr Simon Duffy for Citizen Advice Derbyshire Districts, June 7th 2017. He explores the reality poverty is mitigated and created by the political system and particularly examines tax-benefit changes between 1997 and 2014.
Robert Wade Lecture 'Inequality and the West' - 16 July 2013BridgetWilliamsBooks
Inequality and the West: Capitalism at a Tipping Point
Political economist Robert Wade talks about rising inequalities in the Western world, placing New Zealand in the context of international debates.
He is a contributor to Inequality: A New Zealand Crisis.
This document analyzes the implications of Brexit for the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that in the short term, Brexit will lead to uncertainty as the government delays major decisions until negotiations are further along. This may cause funding and policy paralysis. In the long term, Brexit could reduce EU funding and public spending on services. It may also exacerbate social tensions and divisions in communities. The voluntary sector has an important role to play in bringing people together and ensuring vulnerable voices are heard during the Brexit process.
Webinar and virtual report launch: Lockdown not shutdown – The myths and real...ILC- UK
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Sovereignty is over-rated, society is under-rated - Ronan Lyons Parnell Summer School 2012
1. SOVEREIGNTY IS OVER-RATED,
SOCIETY IS UNDER-RATED
An economist‟s thoughts on Ireland‟s future
Ronan Lyons, Balliol College (Oxford)
Parnell Summer School, 13 August 2012
2. Outline
• Sovereignty: Ireland‟s economic sovereignty is in long-
term decline – but that‟s no real cause for concern
• Society: Ireland‟s policymakers need to step up and start
valuing society
• Ireland’s future: economically easy, politically
challenging?
3. Sovereignty: the current consensus
• The current consensus
SIPTU: “Formal loss of economic
on Ireland‟s economic sovereignty [occurred] when Ireland
negotiated a bail out during the
sovereignty is along winter of 2010...”
the following lines:
• “You either have
economic sovereignty or
you don‟t” Enda Kenny, St Patrick's Day 2012:
"You're all welcome to the hooley
• “Ireland lost its economic that's going to take place all through
sovereignty in December 2013 as our country celebrates its
return to economic sovereignty!"
2010”
4. Sovereignty‟s history not encouraging
Trade policy
Exchange rate policy
From the
early Interest rate policy
With ERM,
1970s, Irelan Ireland lost Fiscal policy?
d lost its From the
its exchange mid-1990s,
external rate policy in Ireland lost As of
trade policy the 1980s 2010s, have
its ability to we lost fiscal
and 1990s set interest policy also?
rates
5. The reality: sovereignty‟s a continuum
• No country is 100% sovereign – answering only to its
taxpayers…
• Economic sovereignty is not like a light switch, either on
or off – it is a continuum
• Ultimately in order to borrow, a country has to run its
plans and its budgets past the lender
• In Ireland‟s case, replacing the markets as the primary
lender with the EU-IMF changes very little
• Likewise, a return to the markets will change very little
• It certainly does not mean that Ireland is sovereign enough to be
fiscally irresponsible again
6. The reality: sovereignty‟s a continuum
• No country is 100% sovereign – answering only to its
taxpayers… and with good cause!
• On paper it may sound great not to have to answer to
anyone else but… "no island is an island"
• Just like a country, a student loses economic sovereignty
when they take a loan to go to higher education – so does
a family when it borrows to buy a house
• But they are investing in their futures
• Borrowing in and of itself – which brings about constraints
on our behaviour – is not a bad thing
• In fact no country has ever become prosperous without
large-scale borrowing
7. Don‟t mourn lost sovereignty!
• So what some might call "loss of economic sovereignty" is
a prerequisite for a good standard of living!
• Thus discussions about Ireland‟s economic sovereignty
framed in terms of the bond market largely miss the point
• Neither the incidental change in Ireland's economic sovereignty
score brought about by borrowing at preferential rates from the EU
and IMF nor a return to more standard borrowing patterns is
important in the grand scheme of things
• What is important is what Ireland borrows for
• Is Ireland borrowing for the past or the future?
8. Outline
• Sovereignty: Ireland‟s economic sovereignty is in long-
term decline – but that‟s no real cause for concern
• Society: Ireland‟s policymakers need to step up and start
valuing society
• Ireland’s future: economically easy, politically
challenging?
9. The status quo, 1: economic policy
• The Irish government 80000
spends almost €70bn a 70000
year 60000
Other spending
• €45bn is spent on health, 50000 Capital
Education
education and social welfare 40000 Health
• €5bn is spent on Social welfare
30000
infrastructure for the future Other taxes
20000 Other revenues
• The Irish government has Social Solidarity
10000
revenues of €50bn #REF!
0 Direct taxes
• Mostly VAT, income tax and Indirect taxes
social insurance
10. The status quo, 2: economics
• “Economists only care about markets, right?”
• Why do economists focus so much on markets?
• Signals about how society‟s scarce resources should be used
• How is public money raised and spent?
• Largely without any signals about the return society gets on
spending that money – an accounting basis (costs only)
• Hardly surprisingly in the absence of this that markets have come
up with their own simplistic but ultimately meaningless rules-of-
thumb (such as debt-to-GDP ratios or primary balances)
• Let‟s move to an economic basis – not just costs, but
benefits as well (“here's the return society got from
spending this amount on that public good”)
11. Can‟t we just measure happiness?
Ireland is happy! Ireland is unhappy!
Irish Times, Jan 4 2012
Irish Times, Dec 23 2011
"Irish are among the
"The EU Survey on Income
unhappiest of 58
and Living Conditions
nationalities, according to a
showed 79 per cent of the
poll by WIN-Gallup
Irish population aged 18
International of “net
and over reported
happiness”, or the
themselves in 2010 to have
percentage of people who
been happy all or most of
considered themselves
the time over the four
happy, minus the
weeks prior to the
percentage who considered
interview."
themselves unhappy."
Happiness seems to be “adaptive”: people learn to cope with their
circumstances… but does that mean we should leave people in poverty?
12. The answer is in valuing society
• “Priceless” just means zero to an accountant!
• There are a variety of ways of understanding the benefit
society gets from the resources it uses
• Usage statistics
• Willingness-to-pay surveys
• House prices contain a lot of information on natural and social
amenities
• “Why do economists love markets so much?” revisited:
• Because people love them! Where no obvious market
exists, people end up creating one – even if it isn‟t immediately
obvious
• E.g. paying more to live near good schools, the coast or a Luas
stop
15. What‟s this got to do with the IMF?!
• The short and medium term is (perhaps understandably)
dominated with emergency measures to reduce the deficit
from levels that will cripple the next generation with debt
• But getting out of one crisis does not mean we‟ve
prevented the next one – need to focus on the long-run
basis for spending money
• This involves connecting up monies raised with monies
spent, ensuring that society is getting the best possible
return
• Measuring that well will stop “the markets” having to use rule-of-
thumb statistics on public debt
16. Outline
• Sovereignty: Ireland‟s economic sovereignty is in long-
term decline – but that‟s no real cause for concern
• Society: Ireland‟s policymakers need to step up and start
valuing society
• Ireland’s future: economically easy, politically
challenging?
17. Ireland‟s fiscal issues are clear
• Overall: Connect money raised with money spent
• Higher education: Switch third-level to “equity stake” to
fund exceptional service, risk share & avoid debt aversion
• Social welfare: destroy inequalities in the system (and
save money!) by treating social welfare as other income
• Healthcare: pick a model and stick to it! (Preferably
Singapore-style model, with a healthcare „pension‟)
• Income tax: tax credits back in line with other countries –
minimum tax rate for wealthiest to ensure fairness
• Property tax: the obvious hole in public finances and the
best way [with a site value tax] of connecting money
raised with money spent (through local government)
18. Broader economic issues also clear
• Competitiveness:
• The awareness in Ireland of our need to sell internationally to fund
domestic standard of living is as good as anywhere globally
• Pensions and demographics:
• Much less awareness around need for mandatory defined-
contribution pension system and radical increase in working age (I
expect to work into my 80s)
• Ratio of working years to retired has gone from almost 10:1 to less
than 2:1 – crippling our children with debt
• The eurozone crisis:
• In brief, nothing more complicated than savers not wanting “haircut”
while it becomes increasingly obvious borrowers can‟t repay
• Either default or devalue (inflate) – certainly no need to break up
euro
19. The challenge is political
• Very easy for an economist to say – I don‟t have to get
elected!
• The challenge then becomes engaging and informing…
• Firstly the political class, who frame the choices and ultimately
make the decisions
• Secondly the general electorate, who have the final say
20. Thank you!
• Looking forward to comments, questions and the
discussion
• Keep in touch, if you‟d like, via:
• www.ronanlyons.com
• @ronanlyons on Twitter