Ahead of International Roma Day on Wednesday, NDI’s Monitoring and Evaluation team looks back on 10 years of work helping Roma political candidates, civic activists and elected officials get more involved in Slovakia’s civic life and political process.
This document discusses political participation, defining it as voluntary activities citizens undertake to influence government or support politics. It outlines different levels of participation, from simply living in a democratic system to more active involvement like voting, campaigning, protesting, or holding office. A variety of methods of participation are also listed, such as contacting officials, demonstrations, petitions, and financial contributions to political parties.
Vibhuti patel long march of indian women asian age 14 4-2019 pg11VIBHUTI PATEL
For the 17th Lok Sabha election,
major political parties
have again shied away
from fielding women. The
Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) and Congress, two of the
biggest political outfits in the country,
have given less than 12 per cent
seats to women.
Under-representation of women in
seat distribution for candidature in
the Upper and Lower Houses of the
Parliament of India and for
Legislative Assemblies and
Legislative Councils of the state
government has been debated in
SAARC countries time and again.
Our neighbouring countries have
women’s quota in parliament as follows:
Bangladesh - 13 per cent (2008),
Pakistan - 17.5 per cent (2002) and
Nepal - 33 per cent (2016).
This document discusses political participation, which it defines as voluntary activities that citizens undertake to influence government decision-making, either directly or indirectly. It outlines different types of political participation, from more active involvement like voting, campaigning, and holding office, to less active forms like signing petitions or discussions. New media like social media and the internet have enhanced political participation by facilitating online discussion and engagement with political issues and campaigns. Major campaigns like Obama's in 2008 revolutionized the use of digital tools and social media to engage supporters and spread information and messaging.
1) The document discusses the political culture of Bangladesh, outlining its key characteristics and evolution over time. It describes the different types of political cultures and the major political parties and regimes in Bangladesh's history.
2) Major political regimes discussed include the Mujib, Zia, Ershad, BNP, Awami League, and caretaker governments between 1975-2009. Key figures that led these regimes such as Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Ziaur Rahman, and Khaleda Zia are outlined.
3) The political culture of Bangladesh has been shaped by its history of independence from Pakistan and the influence of different leaders and regimes over time.
The document discusses Samoa's hybrid political system that combines Westminster democracy with traditional chiefly structures. It analyzes how custom still strongly influences electoral outcomes and policymaking through an emphasis on consensus and collective decision making. Several tensions are also explored between preserving Samoan traditions and increasing calls for more individual rights and representation in the political process.
This document discusses political participation in the UK. It outlines different forms of political participation such as voting, joining political parties, and participating in demonstrations. Younger people are more likely to engage in newer forms of participation like pressure groups, while older individuals typically participate through voting and party membership. Women are underrepresented among politicians but equally participate in other ways. Traditional participation through parties and unions has declined as issues are addressed more globally and new social and environmental movements have emerged.
New Media: Political participation presentation Albert Cherry
Political participation in the UK has traditionally involved activities like protesting, signing petitions, and joining political parties. However, these forms of participation have been declining. Internet and new media use has increased dramatically and opened up new avenues for online political participation, like e-petitions. However, inequalities still exist in who participates online, with those who are younger, better educated and wealthier more likely to be online activists. While new media can attract new people to participation, it also tends to reinforce existing offline inequalities. There are also challenges in engaging younger people, who tend to distrust politicians and feel their voices are not heard.
This document discusses political participation, defining it as voluntary activities citizens undertake to influence government or support politics. It outlines different levels of participation, from simply living in a democratic system to more active involvement like voting, campaigning, protesting, or holding office. A variety of methods of participation are also listed, such as contacting officials, demonstrations, petitions, and financial contributions to political parties.
Vibhuti patel long march of indian women asian age 14 4-2019 pg11VIBHUTI PATEL
For the 17th Lok Sabha election,
major political parties
have again shied away
from fielding women. The
Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) and Congress, two of the
biggest political outfits in the country,
have given less than 12 per cent
seats to women.
Under-representation of women in
seat distribution for candidature in
the Upper and Lower Houses of the
Parliament of India and for
Legislative Assemblies and
Legislative Councils of the state
government has been debated in
SAARC countries time and again.
Our neighbouring countries have
women’s quota in parliament as follows:
Bangladesh - 13 per cent (2008),
Pakistan - 17.5 per cent (2002) and
Nepal - 33 per cent (2016).
This document discusses political participation, which it defines as voluntary activities that citizens undertake to influence government decision-making, either directly or indirectly. It outlines different types of political participation, from more active involvement like voting, campaigning, and holding office, to less active forms like signing petitions or discussions. New media like social media and the internet have enhanced political participation by facilitating online discussion and engagement with political issues and campaigns. Major campaigns like Obama's in 2008 revolutionized the use of digital tools and social media to engage supporters and spread information and messaging.
1) The document discusses the political culture of Bangladesh, outlining its key characteristics and evolution over time. It describes the different types of political cultures and the major political parties and regimes in Bangladesh's history.
2) Major political regimes discussed include the Mujib, Zia, Ershad, BNP, Awami League, and caretaker governments between 1975-2009. Key figures that led these regimes such as Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Ziaur Rahman, and Khaleda Zia are outlined.
3) The political culture of Bangladesh has been shaped by its history of independence from Pakistan and the influence of different leaders and regimes over time.
The document discusses Samoa's hybrid political system that combines Westminster democracy with traditional chiefly structures. It analyzes how custom still strongly influences electoral outcomes and policymaking through an emphasis on consensus and collective decision making. Several tensions are also explored between preserving Samoan traditions and increasing calls for more individual rights and representation in the political process.
This document discusses political participation in the UK. It outlines different forms of political participation such as voting, joining political parties, and participating in demonstrations. Younger people are more likely to engage in newer forms of participation like pressure groups, while older individuals typically participate through voting and party membership. Women are underrepresented among politicians but equally participate in other ways. Traditional participation through parties and unions has declined as issues are addressed more globally and new social and environmental movements have emerged.
New Media: Political participation presentation Albert Cherry
Political participation in the UK has traditionally involved activities like protesting, signing petitions, and joining political parties. However, these forms of participation have been declining. Internet and new media use has increased dramatically and opened up new avenues for online political participation, like e-petitions. However, inequalities still exist in who participates online, with those who are younger, better educated and wealthier more likely to be online activists. While new media can attract new people to participation, it also tends to reinforce existing offline inequalities. There are also challenges in engaging younger people, who tend to distrust politicians and feel their voices are not heard.
Social Capital, Civic Engagement And The Performancecrrcaz
1. The document analyzes social capital and civic engagement in local municipalities in Azerbaijan, based on surveys conducted in Baku, Khachmaz, and Masalli regions.
2. It finds that social ties and trust are weaker in cities like Baku compared to rural districts, contributing to lower civic participation. Respondents reported more engagement with rural municipalities than urban ones.
3. Recommendations to improve municipalities include fair elections, better personnel selection, increased funding, and building social capital and civic traditions to strengthen communities and civic engagement.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to democracy. It defines direct democracy as a system where citizens are continually involved in political decisions through elections and referendums. Representative democracy is a system where citizens elect representatives, like Members of Parliament, to make decisions on their behalf. Other terms defined include referendums, political participation, partisan de-alignment, power, legitimacy, authority, tyranny of the majority, mandate, elections, accountability, and democratic deficit. The document also lists some tasks for students related to assessing their understanding of the concepts and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different types of democracy.
This document discusses the challenges facing the Philippine political party system. It argues that the current system, with its lack of clear rules and definitions, has led parties to prioritize patronage and personality over representation and policy. This has damaged democracy by reducing elections to choosing the "least evil" candidate and preventing meaningful policy choices. The document examines what functions true political parties should serve and compares this to the reality in the Philippines. It concludes that reforming the institutional context for parties, such as establishing clearer rules and responsibilities through a political party law, could help parties better fulfill their democratic roles by reducing arbitrariness and money-focused campaigns.
The document discusses factors that affect political participation and voter turnout in the United States. It notes that while Americans vote less than citizens of other countries, they engage in other forms of participation like protests and civic groups. Barriers to voter registration like poll taxes historically suppressed turnout, but reforms like the Motor Voter Act increased registration. Higher education, age 40-70, and race (with African Americans voting at similar rates as whites with the same demographics) are linked to higher turnout.
1) While many Arab citizens favor an important role for Islam in politics, they are not necessarily opposed to democracy. There is a division between those who favor secular democracy and those who favor a democratic political system that is also Islamic.
2) Studies of political culture in the Arab world found moderate to high levels of support for democratic values like gender equality, tolerance of diverse political ideas, and civic participation, though interpersonal trust and civic participation were relatively low.
3) Personal attributes like age, gender, education level, and income generally did not have a strong association with levels of support for political Islam, though some differences were seen in some countries based on these factors.
American political culture is characterized by the widely-shared beliefs and values that citizens hold about their government. Some key aspects of American political culture include:
1. A belief in liberty, rugged individualism, and equality of opportunity over equality of results. This has led to conflicts between capitalism and democracy.
2. A tradition of democracy and civic duty, though recent decades have seen growing mistrust in government.
3. A pragmatic approach and belief that government should adhere to principles of generality, prospectivity, publicity, and due process in crafting laws and policies.
4. Tensions between more orthodox and progressive views on social issues like abortion and gay rights have fueled a "culture
The document discusses various forms of political participation, including voting, campaigning, contacting officials, and joining interest groups. It examines factors that influence participation such as income, age, race, and gender. Voter turnout in the US increased in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections due to voter mobilization efforts. However, the US generally has lower voter participation rates than other industrialized democracies. Low turnout could create participation bias that favors those who are older, employed, better educated and identify with political parties.
This document discusses political participation and voting in the United States. It provides background on voter turnout rates over time, who votes and who doesn't, and factors that influence participation. The document examines the history of voting rights and expanding suffrage. It also outlines different levels of political participation beyond just voting. Finally, the document presents arguments for and against a proposed bill to make Election Day a federal holiday and impose fines for not voting.
Political participation refers to activities citizens engage in to influence government actions or policymaking, either directly or indirectly. This can include voting, contacting officials, campaign volunteering, protesting, or running for office. According to studies, most common forms of participation in the US include watching campaigns on TV, voting, and trying to influence others' votes. Over time, voting rights have expanded from only white, male landowners to include all races, both sexes, and younger citizens due to abolition, women's suffrage, and civil rights movements challenging discriminatory policies. Today, states have little power to restrict suffrage.
This document discusses civic engagement at US universities. It provides data on trends in civic activities among Americans such as volunteering, donating to charity, and voting. It also outlines ways that students can become engaged civically through activities like volunteering, joining political groups, contacting elected officials, and discussing current issues. The document proposes developing "citizen scholars" through combining academic learning with hands-on civic activities. It describes a program at USF St. Petersburg that places students in political campaigns to encourage civic participation and evaluates its effects on students.
This document discusses several long-term factors that influence voting behavior in Britain:
1. Class was traditionally the main determinant of voting patterns, with over two-thirds of working class supporting Labour and four-fifths of the middle class supporting the Conservatives.
2. Beginning in the 1970s, voting patterns became less predictable as class became a less dominant factor, and short-term issues gained more influence over how people voted.
3. While class still influences votes today, with middle class still tending to vote Conservative and working class tending to vote Labour, fewer voters now have a strong attachment to any single party.
This document discusses different forms of citizenship and participation among young adult immigrants in Europe. It begins by introducing the concept of global citizenship and how citizenship rights have expanded beyond traditional civic, political, and social rights to include economic, cultural, digital, and transnational aspects. It then examines formal participation through political parties and civic associations, noting barriers some immigrants face. The document also explores informal participation through social networks, friends, and communities. Several case studies are presented to illustrate different experiences with citizenship and participation.
Pressure groups can enhance democracy in several ways: They represent minority interests and give citizens opportunities to participate in politics outside of parties. However, pressure groups are not politically accountable and some may wield disproportionate influence, while others have little. Overall, both pressure groups and political parties disperse power and inform the public, but parties must develop platforms representing all citizens, whereas pressure groups promote single issues.
PR developed in South America starting in the early 1900s, influenced by models from the US and Europe. From the 1960s-1990s, military dictatorships across South America censored communication and controlled PR. After democratization in the late 1990s, PR professionals have worked to establish more participative democracies. Case studies like Alcoa in Brazil show how companies use tools like newsletters and community outreach to communicate sustainability efforts and engage local stakeholders. The influence of the Catholic church, languages, and traces of colonialism shape South America's unique cultural context for PR.
International organizations play important roles in the international system by establishing norms of behavior and helping to solve international issues. There are two main types of international organizations - intergovernmental organizations like the UN, EU, and ASEAN which are established by state governments, and non-governmental organizations which focus on more specialized functions. While the UN has limited powers, it is still seen as important for addressing problems when national governments cannot solve them alone. Parliamentary diplomacy, or the role of parliaments in foreign policy, varies depending on a country's political system and history but generally involves oversight and influence on a country's foreign relations and policy.
Enhancing Women’s Representation In LegislaturesManushiIndia
The document discusses enhancing women's representation in legislatures in India. It argues that the government's bill for women's reservation suffers from serious flaws, such as compulsory unseating of incumbent members and lack of incentive for women legislators to nurture constituencies. As an alternative, it proposes a bill requiring political parties to nominate women candidates for one-third of constituencies without reserving seats, which would allow women to be elected on their own merit and strengthen women's political participation over time. It also calls for broader electoral reforms to curb criminalization and corruption in politics.
This document discusses the concept of citizenship from several perspectives. It begins by defining citizenship as membership in a political community that confers both rights and responsibilities. It then discusses the growing significance and theoretical ambiguity surrounding citizenship. Citizenship is examined through the lenses of liberal democracy, Marxism, and in terms of its civil, political, and social dimensions. The document also explores the nature of citizenship and the civic culture needed to support citizenship in a liberal democracy. Overall, it provides a wide-ranging overview of the complex and contested concept of citizenship from various theoretical standpoints.
IntroductionofIntermediateConnectionstoHastenAcculturationandAssimilationofMi...Jacob North
The document discusses efforts by the City of Independence, Oregon to better integrate its large Latino minority population into the political, social, and economic structures of the dominant Anglo culture. Programs established include a community liaison position and community events to increase Latino citizens' access to resources and participation in civic life. While cultural assimilation is occurring, it is slow due to differences between Anglo and Latino cultural practices. The author argues assimilation theory does not fully capture this complexity and proposes a modified theory is needed.
This document summarizes two articles from the journal of the American Institute of Planners. The first article by Sherry R. Arnstein discusses a "ladder of citizen participation" with rungs representing different levels of citizen power, from nonparticipation to citizen control. The second article by William W. Goldsmith examines the ghetto as a potential resource for black economic development, arguing that without leadership and political power, ghettos risk becoming internal colonies, but that community development and mobilizing economic and political power could help black communities.
Social Capital, Civic Engagement And The Performancecrrcaz
1. The document analyzes social capital and civic engagement in local municipalities in Azerbaijan, based on surveys conducted in Baku, Khachmaz, and Masalli regions.
2. It finds that social ties and trust are weaker in cities like Baku compared to rural districts, contributing to lower civic participation. Respondents reported more engagement with rural municipalities than urban ones.
3. Recommendations to improve municipalities include fair elections, better personnel selection, increased funding, and building social capital and civic traditions to strengthen communities and civic engagement.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to democracy. It defines direct democracy as a system where citizens are continually involved in political decisions through elections and referendums. Representative democracy is a system where citizens elect representatives, like Members of Parliament, to make decisions on their behalf. Other terms defined include referendums, political participation, partisan de-alignment, power, legitimacy, authority, tyranny of the majority, mandate, elections, accountability, and democratic deficit. The document also lists some tasks for students related to assessing their understanding of the concepts and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different types of democracy.
This document discusses the challenges facing the Philippine political party system. It argues that the current system, with its lack of clear rules and definitions, has led parties to prioritize patronage and personality over representation and policy. This has damaged democracy by reducing elections to choosing the "least evil" candidate and preventing meaningful policy choices. The document examines what functions true political parties should serve and compares this to the reality in the Philippines. It concludes that reforming the institutional context for parties, such as establishing clearer rules and responsibilities through a political party law, could help parties better fulfill their democratic roles by reducing arbitrariness and money-focused campaigns.
The document discusses factors that affect political participation and voter turnout in the United States. It notes that while Americans vote less than citizens of other countries, they engage in other forms of participation like protests and civic groups. Barriers to voter registration like poll taxes historically suppressed turnout, but reforms like the Motor Voter Act increased registration. Higher education, age 40-70, and race (with African Americans voting at similar rates as whites with the same demographics) are linked to higher turnout.
1) While many Arab citizens favor an important role for Islam in politics, they are not necessarily opposed to democracy. There is a division between those who favor secular democracy and those who favor a democratic political system that is also Islamic.
2) Studies of political culture in the Arab world found moderate to high levels of support for democratic values like gender equality, tolerance of diverse political ideas, and civic participation, though interpersonal trust and civic participation were relatively low.
3) Personal attributes like age, gender, education level, and income generally did not have a strong association with levels of support for political Islam, though some differences were seen in some countries based on these factors.
American political culture is characterized by the widely-shared beliefs and values that citizens hold about their government. Some key aspects of American political culture include:
1. A belief in liberty, rugged individualism, and equality of opportunity over equality of results. This has led to conflicts between capitalism and democracy.
2. A tradition of democracy and civic duty, though recent decades have seen growing mistrust in government.
3. A pragmatic approach and belief that government should adhere to principles of generality, prospectivity, publicity, and due process in crafting laws and policies.
4. Tensions between more orthodox and progressive views on social issues like abortion and gay rights have fueled a "culture
The document discusses various forms of political participation, including voting, campaigning, contacting officials, and joining interest groups. It examines factors that influence participation such as income, age, race, and gender. Voter turnout in the US increased in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections due to voter mobilization efforts. However, the US generally has lower voter participation rates than other industrialized democracies. Low turnout could create participation bias that favors those who are older, employed, better educated and identify with political parties.
This document discusses political participation and voting in the United States. It provides background on voter turnout rates over time, who votes and who doesn't, and factors that influence participation. The document examines the history of voting rights and expanding suffrage. It also outlines different levels of political participation beyond just voting. Finally, the document presents arguments for and against a proposed bill to make Election Day a federal holiday and impose fines for not voting.
Political participation refers to activities citizens engage in to influence government actions or policymaking, either directly or indirectly. This can include voting, contacting officials, campaign volunteering, protesting, or running for office. According to studies, most common forms of participation in the US include watching campaigns on TV, voting, and trying to influence others' votes. Over time, voting rights have expanded from only white, male landowners to include all races, both sexes, and younger citizens due to abolition, women's suffrage, and civil rights movements challenging discriminatory policies. Today, states have little power to restrict suffrage.
This document discusses civic engagement at US universities. It provides data on trends in civic activities among Americans such as volunteering, donating to charity, and voting. It also outlines ways that students can become engaged civically through activities like volunteering, joining political groups, contacting elected officials, and discussing current issues. The document proposes developing "citizen scholars" through combining academic learning with hands-on civic activities. It describes a program at USF St. Petersburg that places students in political campaigns to encourage civic participation and evaluates its effects on students.
This document discusses several long-term factors that influence voting behavior in Britain:
1. Class was traditionally the main determinant of voting patterns, with over two-thirds of working class supporting Labour and four-fifths of the middle class supporting the Conservatives.
2. Beginning in the 1970s, voting patterns became less predictable as class became a less dominant factor, and short-term issues gained more influence over how people voted.
3. While class still influences votes today, with middle class still tending to vote Conservative and working class tending to vote Labour, fewer voters now have a strong attachment to any single party.
This document discusses different forms of citizenship and participation among young adult immigrants in Europe. It begins by introducing the concept of global citizenship and how citizenship rights have expanded beyond traditional civic, political, and social rights to include economic, cultural, digital, and transnational aspects. It then examines formal participation through political parties and civic associations, noting barriers some immigrants face. The document also explores informal participation through social networks, friends, and communities. Several case studies are presented to illustrate different experiences with citizenship and participation.
Pressure groups can enhance democracy in several ways: They represent minority interests and give citizens opportunities to participate in politics outside of parties. However, pressure groups are not politically accountable and some may wield disproportionate influence, while others have little. Overall, both pressure groups and political parties disperse power and inform the public, but parties must develop platforms representing all citizens, whereas pressure groups promote single issues.
PR developed in South America starting in the early 1900s, influenced by models from the US and Europe. From the 1960s-1990s, military dictatorships across South America censored communication and controlled PR. After democratization in the late 1990s, PR professionals have worked to establish more participative democracies. Case studies like Alcoa in Brazil show how companies use tools like newsletters and community outreach to communicate sustainability efforts and engage local stakeholders. The influence of the Catholic church, languages, and traces of colonialism shape South America's unique cultural context for PR.
International organizations play important roles in the international system by establishing norms of behavior and helping to solve international issues. There are two main types of international organizations - intergovernmental organizations like the UN, EU, and ASEAN which are established by state governments, and non-governmental organizations which focus on more specialized functions. While the UN has limited powers, it is still seen as important for addressing problems when national governments cannot solve them alone. Parliamentary diplomacy, or the role of parliaments in foreign policy, varies depending on a country's political system and history but generally involves oversight and influence on a country's foreign relations and policy.
Enhancing Women’s Representation In LegislaturesManushiIndia
The document discusses enhancing women's representation in legislatures in India. It argues that the government's bill for women's reservation suffers from serious flaws, such as compulsory unseating of incumbent members and lack of incentive for women legislators to nurture constituencies. As an alternative, it proposes a bill requiring political parties to nominate women candidates for one-third of constituencies without reserving seats, which would allow women to be elected on their own merit and strengthen women's political participation over time. It also calls for broader electoral reforms to curb criminalization and corruption in politics.
This document discusses the concept of citizenship from several perspectives. It begins by defining citizenship as membership in a political community that confers both rights and responsibilities. It then discusses the growing significance and theoretical ambiguity surrounding citizenship. Citizenship is examined through the lenses of liberal democracy, Marxism, and in terms of its civil, political, and social dimensions. The document also explores the nature of citizenship and the civic culture needed to support citizenship in a liberal democracy. Overall, it provides a wide-ranging overview of the complex and contested concept of citizenship from various theoretical standpoints.
IntroductionofIntermediateConnectionstoHastenAcculturationandAssimilationofMi...Jacob North
The document discusses efforts by the City of Independence, Oregon to better integrate its large Latino minority population into the political, social, and economic structures of the dominant Anglo culture. Programs established include a community liaison position and community events to increase Latino citizens' access to resources and participation in civic life. While cultural assimilation is occurring, it is slow due to differences between Anglo and Latino cultural practices. The author argues assimilation theory does not fully capture this complexity and proposes a modified theory is needed.
This document summarizes two articles from the journal of the American Institute of Planners. The first article by Sherry R. Arnstein discusses a "ladder of citizen participation" with rungs representing different levels of citizen power, from nonparticipation to citizen control. The second article by William W. Goldsmith examines the ghetto as a potential resource for black economic development, arguing that without leadership and political power, ghettos risk becoming internal colonies, but that community development and mobilizing economic and political power could help black communities.
Side event on Roma and Sinti at HDIM 2018 - CPRSI statementDan Pavel Doghi
SIDE EVENT: Racism, intolerance and violence against Roma and Sinti in the OSCE area
Organizers: OSCE ODIHR CPRSI - ERRC - Central Council of German Sinti and Roma
Venue: Warsaw, 14 September 2018
This document discusses strategies for sustaining civic engagement. It identifies barriers to participation such as lack of civics education and voter suppression. It describes a spectrum of civic actions from lightweight to heavyweight. Tactical actions are reactive while strategic actions work to implement long-term policy goals. Sustaining engagement requires countering fatigue, recognition for contributions, gamification, civic education, connecting actions to daily life, building community, and empowerment.
This document defines political culture and discusses theories of political culture in liberal democracies and authoritarian countries. It summarizes Almond and Verba's theory of civic culture, which identifies three types of political cultures (parochial, subject, participant) and argues a stable democracy requires a blending of these, especially a majority of participants. It also discusses theories of political trust, social capital, and post-materialism and how governments may respond to political culture.
Speech - Dan Pavel Doghi, CPRSI ODIHR, at: Digital High-Level-Conference laun...Dan Pavel Doghi
Speech: Dan Pavel Doghi, Chief of the Contact Point for Roma and Sinti, OSCE/ODIHR
Event: Digital High-Level-Conference launching the new “EU Roma Strategic Framework for Equality, Inclusion and Participation” until 2030
Panel 1: Fighting and preventing antigypsyism & discrimination
This document summarizes an interview with Professor Robert H. Taylor, an expert on Myanmar politics, about the politics of ethnicity in Myanmar. Some key points:
- Prof. Taylor wrote a recent monograph arguing that failing to depoliticize ethnicity in Myanmar could be "disastrous" for its constitutional order.
- Ethnicity has become deeply entrenched in Myanmar politics due to factors like colonial policies that reified ethnic groups, and its continued politicization after independence unlike in other Southeast Asian countries.
- The politics of ethnicity is one of the biggest challenges to Myanmar's democratic transition process, as it was a cause of failure in the 1950s as well.
This document summarizes a speech given by Miranda Vuolasranta at a dialogue seminar on Roma inclusion in Brussels. Some key points:
1) The seminar aimed to promote mutual dialogue and an open examination of the human rights situation facing Roma in Europe today.
2) Roma must be enabled to participate in planning, implementing, and evaluating measures to improve their situation at local, national, and international levels.
3) The inadequate implementation of Roma human rights is one of the most severe human challenges in Europe today, as violent attacks against Roma are increasing amid economic crises.
4) Cooperation is needed at the EU level to address issues facing Roma
We need to go back to value based politics by matthews bantsijangMatthews Bantsijang
1) The document calls for a return to value-based politics in South Africa, arguing that current politics have moved away from service-oriented values like truth, welfare of the people, and opposition to individual benefit.
2) It states that corruption, dirty politics, and the prioritization of materialism and power over social policies have damaged South African democracy and society.
3) The document concludes by calling for political cooperation over confrontation, and for political parties and leaders to adhere to written and unwritten rules of decency and the national interest over personal gain.
We need to go back to value based politics by matthews bantsijangMatthews Bantsijang
1) The document calls for a return to value-based politics in South Africa, arguing that current politics have moved away from service-oriented values like truth, welfare of the people, and opposition to individual benefit.
2) It states that corruption, dirty politics, and the prioritization of materialism and power over social policies have damaged South African democracy and society.
3) The document concludes by calling for political cooperation over confrontation, and for political parties and leaders to adhere to written and unwritten rules of decency and the national interest over just the pursuit of power.
Abstract
Looking at the recent political development in Nigeria, the transition from Civilian to Civilian administration, the process that led to the transition was fundamentally initiated, designed, guided and imposed on the people by the democratic dictators, however Democracy is far more penetrating process than the ritual of election and more also that the transfer of democratic leadership with a super imposed party constitution without the opening of political parties and with restricted political space, hold a manipulated periodic election, not minding the participation of vote of the people because of repressive nature of our authoritarian leadership. The fact that beclouded the Democratic elite hostility has been blown open by the inability of the Democratic propaganda to ratify the bankruptcy of the capitalist pattern of democracy, this Democracy which consist in the failure of participation and also concern of the mediocrity of leader. The abstract shall demonstrate the inherent danger in Exclusive Democracy in Nigeria.
Key Word: Participatory Democracy a Dead End in Nigeria.
Ran Greenstein Race highlights 2023.docxjudithnhlapo1
This document discusses the concept of race from a sociological perspective. It begins by defining race as a social construct rather than a biological one, noting that physical differences between human groups have been used to justify unequal treatment and access to resources throughout history. The emergence of race as a systematic concept is traced to the rise of European colonialism, capitalism, and the development of modern science from the 16th century onward. While early philosophers like Kant acknowledged both shared human descent and the consolidation of racial differences over time in response to environment, their work was open to misinterpretation and helped spread Eurocentric views of racial hierarchies. The document examines the historical and social forces that have shaped racial identities and meanings over time.
This document discusses the role of civil society in foreign policymaking. It makes three key points:
1) Globalization has diminished the power of nation-states and increased the influence of civil society organizations in daily life and policymaking.
2) Civil society plays a pivotal role in bringing attention to issues like poverty, human rights, and the environment in both local communities and international forums.
3) For foreign policy to effectively address global challenges, a new conceptual framework is needed that shifts power to civil society and its representation of local interests in policy decisions.
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Europe for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation
2.3: Civil Society Project
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
Results of the panel:
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
LGBTI Rights Project Business Plan 2015Sean Maloney
This document outlines a business plan for a new program called the International LGBTI Strategies and Policies Program at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. The program aims to make LGBTI rights a pillar of geostrategic thinking by bridging the gap between grassroots LGBTI activism and policymakers globally. It will include scholarly research, forums for activists and policymakers, and programming to combat LGBTI discrimination. A five-year growth plan details expanding the program's scope, budget, fundraising, and personnel to become a global thought leader on these issues.
The document summarizes the goals and activities of the Centrist Democratic Movement (CDM) in the Lambigit region of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. It discusses the CDM's vision of building solidarity and subsidiarity through grassroots participation. It outlines the CDM's growth in membership and activities from 2010 to 2011, including empowering district councils, holding assemblies, and developing local leaders. The summary highlights the CDM's focus on centrist democratic ideology and human dignity to transform society through an active and committed new generation of leaders.
The document summarizes the goals and activities of the Centrist Democratic Movement (CDM) in the Lambigit region of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. It discusses the CDM's vision of building solidarity and subsidiarity through grassroots participation. It outlines the CDM's growth in membership and activities from 2010 to 2011, including organizing district councils, hosting forums, and developing local leaders. The summary emphasizes the CDM's focus on promoting human dignity and volunteerism to address the Philippines' democratic deficits through community involvement.
Similar to Roma Summary Report from Participatory Analysis Sessions with Roma Leaders and Activists in Slovakia (20)
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Roma Summary Report from Participatory Analysis Sessions with Roma Leaders and Activists in Slovakia
1. Linda Stern - NDI, Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning
Tomas Hrustic - NDI, Slovakia
Ethnic Minorities and
Political Mainstreaming
Summary Report from Participatory
Analysis Sessions with Roma Leaders and
Activists in Slovakia
March 2015
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
2. Participatory Evaluation Initiative
This report summarizes findings
from a series of Participatory
Analysis Sessions held with Roma
leaders and activists across
Slovakia in March 2015. The
sessions launched a 12-month,
participatory evaluation initiative
funded by the National
Endowment for Democracy
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
❖ Objective: To deepen the understanding of
the Institute’s underlying theory of democratic
change for Roma political empowerment in
Central and Eastern Europe.
❖ Strategy: To engage Roma leaders and
activists as analytical partners in the design,
implementation and utilization of a
retrospective evaluation of NDI’s 10 year
program in Slovakia.
4. Purpose
Participatory Analysis
Sessions (PAS)
The sessions marked the first
step in a participatory
evaluation initiative in
which NDI and its partners
developed a shared purpose
and set of questions for the
12-month evaluation.
5. Methodology
Participatory Method
Participatory methods share four characteristics:
❖ User-friendly instruments
❖ Participant-generated data
❖ Joint analysis of local issues
❖ Co-construction of knowledge
Under this approach, NDI engaged participants
in the generation and analysis of data through
small group deliberation, prioritization and
interpretation of results.
❖ Line of Inquiry
1. What were the most important helping
and hindering factors for mainstreaming
Roma into civic and political life over the
last 10 years?
2. In which factors did NDI’s program most
intervene?
3. What questions should the evaluation
attempt to answer?
❖
6. Participatory Analysis Sessions
Participatory Analysis Sessions
Roma Population Density
Period of Field Work: February 28 - March 8, 2015
Purposive Sample: Participants were selected, non-
randomly, from four regions in Slovakia, three of
which have significant Roma populations.
Participant Profiles: Participants represented
Roma activists, politicians and elected officials,
many of whom had worked with NDI over the last
10 years.
8. What were the most important factors that hindered Roma
participation in civic and political life over the past 10 years?
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
10. Historic Disenfranchisement
Participants prioritized the legacy of historic disenfranchisement as a
major barrier to mainstreaming the political and civic participation of
Roma over the last ten years. Despite the fact that Roma have lived
in what is now present-day Slovakia since the 14th century, Roma
identity has been the subject of State suspicion for centuries.
In the 20th century, under fascism, Roma lost their rights to land,
citizenship, and then their lives in the holocaust. Under communism,
Roma were subject to systematic assimilation programs that
displaced people from their communities, culture and language, while
Roma women were sterilized to reduce the overall Roma population.
In the transition to a market-led economy, Roma have suffered
geographic, economic and social marginalization. Participants
prioritized the historic legacy of disenfranchisement because it
continues to alienate Roma from their ethnic and political identity,
making it difficult to mobilize Roma constituents to fully realize their
political rights in Slovakia today.
Sign banning entry of itinerant Roma and travelers, 1920s
11. Negative Impacts of Poverty
Post-communism, the Roma lost many of the public
services previously provided by the State. The majority of
the Roma have been pushed literally and figurative to the
outskirts of society, living in informal settlements without the
support of public roads, public utilities or public
transportation.
Participants prioritized the negative impacts of poverty as
undermining their ability to mobilize other Roma. The
burden of eking out a living occupies the majority of
peoples’ time and energies, with little left for political or civic
activities. During elections, poverty makes Roma
communities vulnerable to predatory politicians who easily
entice desperate people to sell their votes for cheap gifts of
alcohol, food and money.
There are no mainstream politicians who have the courage to
solve the Roma issue. In the past, many politicians would come
to the Roma segregated settlements and see how absolutely
horrible the situation was and they promised to help. But they
soon found out that they couldn’t gain political points by
advocating for the Roma. ~Roma Activist, Bratislava
12. Endemic & Structural Racism
After joining the EU, Slovakia harmonized its legislation,
signing international human rights treaties. However, the
human rights reality on the ground is different. Roma and
non-Roma NGOs also are not monitoring [human rights]
effectively. In the past, if a Roma citizen were killed the
NGOs would go to the autopsy to find our the cause of
death. Today, there is no reaction, even when Roma children
are abused by the police. The cases of racism are less
visible, but the atmosphere toward Roma is still negative. ~
Roma Activist, Bratislava
Participants noted the persistence of racism against Roma from all
quarters of Slovak society. Negative stereotypes of Roma are not
only reinforced by the Slovak media, but are replicated throughout
Europe, “internationalizing racism” against the Roma and
confirming mainstream prejudices. Participants noted that during
elections, mainstream politicians find they can easily tap into long-
held anti-Roma sentiments for populist wins in the local, regional
and national elections.
With accession to the EU, mainstream politicians have come under
more scrutiny from the international community and have learned
to use more politically correct language when publicly referencing
Roma. In place of overtly racist bombast, a new political rhetoric
of “self-help” has emerged. Although the largest recipients of state
benefits are non-Roma, politicians and policy makers consistently
highlight Roma as needing to address “their own problems” and
cease being a burden on the state. Within an increasingly anti-
Roma environment, the State has introduced a new policy of
mandatory work, deploying “community activators” to mobilize
Roma labor for municipal projects.
13. Low Educational Attainment
Participants noted low levels of education among
Roma populations as a major barrier to mainstreaming
Roma into political and civic life. Driven by
exclusionary practices within the education system,
Roma children are frequently segregated from
mainstream children within schools, or are deemed
mentally disabled and sent to special schools where
they receive low quality education.
Lack of basic literacy and numeracy skills not only
exclude Roma from economic advancement, but
exacerbate barriers to social services and thwart their
political participation at the local level. Educational
and language barriers dissuade Roma from
participating in municipal meetings where they might
hold local officials accountable for the use of EU funds
earmarked for the improvement of Roma settlements.
The Roma don’t know their legal rights. The majority
population is fully aware of that fact and are fine with
it. He who is uneducated cannot gain power
~ Roma Activist, Banska Bystrica
14. Lack of Civic & Political Awareness
Participants prioritized a lack of political literacy as a
serious hindering factor that makes the Roma electorate
vulnerable within the mainstream political system.
During elections Roma constituents may be easily
manipulated by mainstream parties who place Roma on
their party lists as tokens, but offer no real policy
solutions. Participants also noted that many Roma
candidates also lack training, basing their campaigns on
emotional appeals in place of political strategy.
After elections, poor understanding of their rights
increases the power of local officials — both Roma and
non-Roma —who can bend Roma constituents to their
political will and/or exclude them from local decision-
making processes.
Roma voters are often manipulated and threatened by mayors before elections. They tell them “if
you don’t vote [the way I say], you won’t receive your benefits [from the state].” The Roma are
hostages of the system and easily manipulated at election time. If the Roma want to engage in civic
activism, it is dependent upon the willingness or unwillingness of the local mayor. Many give up
their local activism because of threats, bullying and the misuse of power. ~ Roma Activist, Kosice
15. Lack of Political Unity
Participants believed divisions within the Roma community
were driven by both internal and external forces.
Geographic isolation of Roma communities, from
mainstream society, as well as from other Roma
settlements, hinders unifying Roma citizens under a
common political purpose. Generational divisions between
established and aspiring Roma leaders and activists,
undermine the potential energy and sustainability of a
broader social movement. Roma women who aspire to
political activism and leadership may be frowned upon by
their local communities.
Lastly, participants noted the fractious antecedents of
Roma national politics immediately after the Velvet
Revolution in which over 20 separate Roma political
parties vied for leadership. While that number has fallen to
three Roma parties, they are unable to unite the Roma
electorate under a common banner.
It is easier to create unity at the local level, around
concrete projects. It is difficult to translate that [unity
and process] to the national level ~ Roma Activist,
Bratislava
16. What were the most important factors that helped Roma
participate in civic and political life over the past 10 years?
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
17. Capacity of Roma Citizenry to Engage
Participants noted the increasing capacity of Roma to move into all areas
of Slovak society over the past 10 years. They noted a number of
contributing factors, including: the establishment of the Office of the
Government Plenipotentiary for Roma Communities; affirmative action
programs that support Roma in completing middle school, high school
and/or vocational training; and an increase in university scholarships
earmarked for Roma students. This has led to higher educational
attainment, which has helped to improve employment and living
conditions for the Roma.
Along with support for education, participants noted the standardization
of the Roma language as an important factor in their civic and political
participation. At the State level, participants noted the EU accession
process as a key lever for opening up space for Roma at every level of
society. As a consequence, Roma have seen more legislation that helps
to remove barriers to their participation. Of note was the Anti-
Discrimination Law that prohibits the exclusion of minorities from access
to public goods, such as education, healthcare and social services.
Participants also noted the newly proposed Construction Act that would
legalize the land around Roma settlements; and the amendment to the
Vote Buying Act that punishes equally both vote buyers and sellers under
the law. Lastly, participants noted that between 2001 and 2011 more
citizens identified themselves as Roma on the National Census.
Although there is still a lot of anti-Roma sentiment,
there are members of the majority who want to
give the Roma opportunities and who want to
work and live together. ~ Roma Activist, Kosice
18. Roma Role Models
Participants identified the creation of positive Roma role
models as an important factor in increasing Roma civic and
political engagement over the past ten years. They believed
that positive media coverage of Roma professionals and
activists has helped to counter the negative stereotypes the
majority population have of the Roma. However, most
importantly they have served to bolster the confidence of
other Roma to engage in areas of Slovak society where
they have historically been excluded.
Participants emphasized that the increased number of
capable Roma candidates running for office — whether
they won or not — provided positive role models for Roma
in the political arena. Positive images have helped to
motivate a new generation of Roma leaders and activists
who are now building alliances with like-minded Roma and
non-Roma.
19. Roma Political Skills
Participants believed that the improvement in political skills
was a key factor in expanding political space for Roma
leaders. They credited political training that helped them run
higher quality political campaigns that included: developing
clear pro-Roma policy platforms and messages, outreaching
voters through door-to-door campaigns, and mobilizing
volunteers at the local level. Participants emphasized the
importance of outreaching both Roma and non-Roma
constituencies — something they had not considered as
feasible before the campaign training.
Participants noted that as a consequence of their higher
quality campaigns, mainstream parties and politicians also
began placing more emphasis on Roma issues during their
campaigns. Most importantly, some mainstream political
parties have begun to see capable Roma candidates as
politically valuable assets who can bring to their parties
expertise and credibility on Roma issues — beyond the
tokenism of the past.
jf
20. Local Activism & Community Support
Participants saw as important, the emergence of
more individual activists at the local and regional
levels. Although most of the activists are from small
and diverse civic organizations within the Roma
settlements, their work and local leadership have
helped to mobilize grassroots pressure, which has
great potential for strengthening municipal
accountability.
As these local Roma actors began to mobilize Roma
citizens around diverse issues, they also began
reaching out to each other to cooperate and engage
the local municipalities. Community members
watching the local grassroots activities also gained a
sense of agency and hope that they, as citizens,
could make a difference in their communities.
jf
21. Access to Social Media & Social Networks
Participants prioritized social media and networking as
important factors in helping to bring Roma more fully into
civic and political life. On the one hand, better access to
the internet and social media facilitated the dissemination
of more civic and political information to Roma. Their use
of social media also prompted mainstream media to pay
more attention to Roma candidates during the election,
as well as provide more accurate information about them.
On the other hand, participants noted that social media
— along with cross regional training — had allowed the
Roma participants to exchange news, information and
new ideas with like-minded Roma across Slovakia, as
well as across Central and Eastern Europe. Participants
believed the opportunity to interact and network with
other Roma created a greater sense of hope and change,
especially among the younger generation.
25. Improved Political Skills
Participants ranked highly, NDIs contribution to improving
the quality of Roma candidates’ political skills during and
after the elections. Participants believed that NDI’s
training helped to prepare Roma candidates and political
parties to design and implement higher quality election
campaigns that addressed the concerns of all population
groups. Once in office, NDI training helped to support
Roma elected officials in the execution of their duties.
To a great extent, we have NDI to thank
for the election of Roma mayors and
councilors.
~ Roma Activists (Kosice)
26. Increased Capacity of Roma Citizenry
While multiple factors have contributed to the overall
capacity of Roma to participate in more areas of Slovak
society, participants noted NDI’s support to the Roma in
helping them to more fully enter the political arena.
Politics is about power. In this way NDI has indirectly given
us power to resolve the issues facing this country.
~ Roma Activists (Kosice)
27. **Strengthening Civil Society
Participants noted that NDI came to Slovakia at a time
when democratic processes and institutions were weak,
and civil society was still emerging. The larger society,
including the Roma, did not fully understand the meaning
of civic and political participation. Participants felt that
NDI’s early work contributed to strengthening the nascent
“Third Sector” in Slovakia by providing opportunities for
young leaders to receive training and experience that later
would be brought to bear in civic activism.
** “Strengthening Civil Society” was recorded but not ranked among the most important helping
and hindering factors to address. However, it was identified as one of the factors to which NDI most
strongly contributed.
28. Increase in Roma Role Models
Participants discussed the increase in positive Roma role
models during a number of the analysis sessions. They
noted that Roma role models serve as drivers and
motivators for change, encouraging other Roma to
engage more fully in Slovak society. Participants felt NDI’s
work had contributed to the increase of positive Roma
role models in the political arena, most notably at the
national level, with the election of Peter Pollak to
parliament. However, participants noted as equally
important, the local Roma mayors, councilors and
community activists that continue to motivate and
energize the Roma to engage in civic and political life.
29. Increased Civic & Political Awareness
Participants credited NDI’s programming with raising the
political and civic awareness of Roma at the local,
regional and national levels. They felt NDI’s activities were
essential for motivating and activating Roma as civic and
political actors. Along with raising awareness,
participants felt that NDI’s support also contributed to
strengthening the ability of Roma to apply pressure to
their representatives at the grassroots level.
It had a snowball effect. Even those Roma who
had not participated in NDI’s workshops started
to be more motivated and inspired
~ Roma Activists (Bratislava)
30. Increased Access to Social Media & Social Networks
Participants identified networking as a follow-on effect of
NDI’s political training. NDI facilitated information
exchanges, first through the workshops themselves and
then through social media platforms. The NDI program
helped training participants to keep in touch after the
workshops and to continue exchanging experiences in
applying their new skills. As more Roma emerge as
mayors and municipal councilors, participants noted the
need to continue strengthening these kinds of peer-to-
peer learning networks. In the initial stages of NDI’s programming, Roma did not need
networks. They first needed information and skills for local
activism. Later, when Roma started to become more politically
active, networking became more necessary.
~ Roma Activists (Presov)
32. What questions should the participatory
evaluation attempt to answer?
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
33. NDI Training Programs?
Many of the Roma leaders were not only participants in
NDI’s past workshops, but had become trainers
themselves. Therefore, they were interested in answering
questions on the effectiveness of the targeting,
recruitment and training processes they were replicating,
as well as the downstream effects of the training itself.
Almost all the groups noted that they were not interested
in the quantity of Roma participants, but the qualitative
outcomes and impacts of the NDI-sponsored training.
Participants wanted to use the answers to these
questions to better target the recruitment and training of
new Roma activists to ensure they were investing in
people who would continue to engage in the political
process.
34. Political Mainstreaming?
Like NDI, Roma activists and leaders also wondered if the
mainstreaming approach to political and civic participation
was effective. Given the challenges outlined above,
participants debated the efficacy of integrating into a deeply
flawed and discriminatory political system. Some participants
wanted to know if closer cooperation with Roma political
parties would have been more effective in gaining votes.
They also wanted to know if the program had increased the
number of Roma citizens engaging in politics and the
elections, particularly Roma women voters. They were
interested in understanding the program’s contribution to
diminishing the barriers between Roma and non-Roma, and
raising the profile of positive Roma role models.
35. Political Parties & Candidates?
In discussing political competition, participants wanted
the evaluation to answer tactical questions as well as
strategic questions about their engagement in
mainstream political parties. Specifically, they were
interested in evaluating the effect of their candidacies on
raising Roma issues in Slovakia’s larger political and
policy discourse. Not only were they interested in an
inventory of Roma candidates on political party lists, but if
and how their presence within political parties focussed
attention and commitment to addressing Roma issues.
36. Public Opinion & Voter Mobilization?
Roma leaders and activists were interested in
understanding the hearts and minds of both Roma
and non-Roma constituencies during the elections. Of
particular concern to participants was the influence of
ethnicity and racism on voting behavior. Roma
leaders wanted the evaluation to provide insight into
when and why non-Roma voters would vote for Roma
candidates, as well as why Roma voters might prefer
mainstream, non-Roma candidates.
37. Campaign Strategies?
Roma activists and politicians were interested in understanding
the factors of success in mainstream political competition at
the local, regional and national levels. They wanted to know
the success rate of Roma candidates in non-Roma
communities, as well as the success rates for Roma versus
non-Roma candidates in general. The participants also were
interested in understanding the downstream effects of
successful Roma candidates and if multiple Roma candidates
split the vote to the benefit of non-Roma candidates. In
addition, participants wanted to identify the kinds of
qualifications for Roma candidates that would garner the
support of Roma voters, as well as the kinds of support Roma
constituents were willing to provide Roma candidates during
their campaigns
38. Elections & Vote-Buying?
Participants also recognized that Roma communities
were extremely vulnerable to the vote-buying tactics of
predatory political parties and local officials. They
wanted the evaluation to answer questions on the
degree of vote buying in Roma communities, the
strategies used in vote buying and the motivation of
Roma voters to sell their votes. They also wanted to
know if NDI’s programs had contributed to diminishing
vote-buying over the past 10-years, and which anti-vote
buying strategies and messages were most effective.
39. Roma Elected Officials?
Much discussion centered around the qualities and
qualifications of Roma elected officials at the municipal level.
On one hand, participants wanted the evaluation to identify the
capacity gaps of Roma elected officials that hindered the
effective execution of their administrative duties. They also
wanted to know if Roma mayors would be willing to undergo
additional training to address those gaps. On the other hand,
participants wanted the evaluation to provide insight into how
effectively Roma mayors and local councilors understood and
represented the needs of their constituencies, both Roma and
non-Roma. Participants were particularly interested in
understanding the dynamics between local mayors and
councilors and the frequency with which Roma councilors were
coopted by non-Roma mayors.
40. Civic Engagement Post-Elections?
Discussion also centered around the lack of accountability at
the municipal level, in part due to the indifference of non-Roma
mayors and council members to Roma needs, and in part due
to a lack of engagement of Roma community members post-
elections. Therefore, participants wanted the evaluation to
identify if and how Roma citizens were receiving information
from their local councils on issues of concern to them, and if
they were attending local council sessions. They also wanted
the evaluation to identify if Roma community members were
continuing to monitor the needs of the local community and the
municipality’s response to those needs. Lastly, participants
wanted the evaluation to provide insight into the motivations
and incentives for engagement among Roma citizens after the
elections.
41. Pro-Roma Policies?
Given the herculean efforts of Roma leaders and
activists, participants wanted to know if NDI’s program
had helped Roma leaders to affect the legislative
process at the national and local levels.
42. Roma Networks?
A number of participants discussed the secondary effect of
NDI’s training program in bringing together Roma activists and
leaders who had not worked together previously. Therefore,
participants wanted to know if new networks had been created
among Roma candidates, if those networks had helped Roma
elected officials in their jobs and if the networks were
sustainable. They also wanted the evaluation to assess the
benefits and viability of a Roma elected councilor and/or
mayoral association. Participants were also concerned with
creating generational change and therefore wanted to evaluate
the extent to which older Roma activists were passing on their
experiences and expertise to younger Roma activists.
44. Analytical Partnership
Next Steps:
❖ Form a Roma Advisory
Committee
❖ Design Community-Based
Participatory Research
(CBPR) projects in
selected Roma
communities
❖ Train Roma Research
Assistants
45. Summary Report
For more information on this report or NDI’s Participatory Evaluation
Initiative, please contact:
Linda Stern
Director of Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning
lstern@ndi.org
Participatory Evaluation Initiative
46. This research has been made possible through the support of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED)
Copyright (c) National Democratic Institute 2015. All rights reserved. Portions of this work may be reproduced and/or translated for noncommercial purposes provided NDI is
acknowledged as the source of the material and is provided copies of any translations.