Roles and Responsibilities of a Nurse. Some patients may be unable to cater to their medical bills due to long hospital stays, humble backgrounds, or unexpectedly high medical bills. In such a situation the nurse in charge is likely to notice the reason, this could be the patient’s overstay at the hospital even after they have been discharged, the patient may as well make several phone calls asking for financial assistance from relatives and friends or the patient might ask if it is possible not to buy some of the drugs prescribed since they are expensive. In this case, the nurse will suspect the financial difficulty that the patient is facing and therefore do their research on the patient’s background information. Financial and social information is key in determining the patient’s situation. The nurse, therefore, calls the department in charge of social work in the hospital to inquire more about the patient’s information and the reason behind their difficulty in their clearance of the hospital bill. This information will determine by what process the patient will be assisted concerning their bill. For some patients, the hospital bill may just have exceeded their budget by some amount and for such a situation the patient is asked to pay what they have and then the rest of the bill is waived while for some patients they cannot completely pay their bill and may not have any medical cover. For such a situation the patient is waived fully.             The roles of the nurse in a primary healthcare are several. According to this case, the nurse is responsible for the assessment and planning of a nursing care requirements. These requirements may include ensuring that all the vital equipment are available in the ward, the emergency tray is well set, all the necessary drugs are available and that the ward is in a good condition at all times. Another responsibility of a nurse manager is the supervision of junior staff. These are like the nurses' intern, student nurses as well as the casual staff in the ward.  The nurse is also responsible for the patient’s welfare. This may include things like the patient’s financial status, the social background which will help in determining how to help the patient to cater to their bill. Health education is part of the nurse’s responsibility. It is the patients’ right to know their health status and how they can handle it and therefore the nurse has to educate them on some of their health issues (Warshawsky et al., 2019).             During the delivery of nursing responsibilities, the nurse is likely to face some challenges such as excessive workload at the hospital due to the shortage of nurses which also causes longer working hours and fatigue at the hospital (Khoran et al., 2018). Another challenge is workplace hazards such as needle pricks, exposure to bloodborne pathogens, and even cold and flu. Another challenge is workplace violence in the workplace. This is common in the psychiatric institutions. How.

1. Roles and Responsibilities of a Nurse.
Some patients may be unable to cater to their medical bills due
to long hospital stays, humble backgrounds, or unexpectedly
high medical bills. In such a situation the nurse in charge is
likely to notice the reason, this could be the patient’s overstay
at the hospital even after they have been discharged, the patient
may as well make several phone calls asking for financial
assistance from relatives and friends or the patient might ask if
it is possible not to buy some of the drugs prescribed since they
are expensive. In this case, the nurse will suspect the financial
difficulty that the patient is facing and therefore do their
research on the patient’s background information. Financial and
social information is key in determining the patient’s situation.
The nurse, therefore, calls the department in charge of social
work in the hospital to inquire more about the patient’s
information and the reason behind their difficulty in their
clearance of the hospital bill. This information will determine
by what process the patient will be assisted concerning their
bill. For some patients, the hospital bill may just have exceeded
their budget by some amount and for such a situation the patient
is asked to pay what they have and then the rest of the bill is
waived while for some patients they cannot completely pay their
bill and may not have any medical cover. For such a situation
the patient is waived fully.
The roles of the nurse in a primary healthcare are
several. According to this case, the nurse is responsible for the
assessment and planning of a nursing care requirements. These
requirements may include ensuring that all the vital equipment
are available in the ward, the emergency tray is well set, all the
necessary drugs are available and that the ward is in a good
condition at all times. Another responsibility of a nurse
manager is the supervision of junior staff. These are like the
nurses' intern, student nurses as well as the casual staff in the

2. ward.
The nurse is also responsible for the patient’s welfare. This may
include things like the patient’s financial status, the social
background which will help in determining how to help the
patient to cater to their bill. Health education is part of the
nurse’s responsibility. It is the patients’ right to know their
health status and how they can handle it and therefore the nurse
has to educate
them on some of their health issues (Warshawsky et al., 2019).
During the delivery of nursing responsibilities, the
nurse is likely to face some challenges such as excessive
workload at the hospital due to the shortage of nurses which
also causes longer working hours and fatigue at the hospital
(Khoran et al., 2018). Another challenge is workplace hazards
such as needle pricks, exposure to bloodborne pathogens, and
even cold and flu. Another challenge is workplace violence in
the workplace. This is common in the psychiatric institutions.
However, there are ways to prevent such challenges from
occurring. The need to employ more nurses and equal allocation
of duties will help in reducing the workload and working hours
in the hospital. To reduce the workplace hazards the nurses
should wear protective gear such as gloves and face masks to
prevent infections. Balancing of gender in the workplace will
help to reduce violence such as attacks by psychiatric patients.
The nurse in charge ensures a well-balanced work schedule to
allow the nurses to interact and hence create a good working
environment in the hospital. A peaceful problem solving among
the employees also leads to a good working team. Setting goals
for patient care also helps create a good working environment.
The patient population that faces the most health disparities is
the elderly, the infants and toddlers, and those patients with
congenital disorders. The immune system of the elderly as well

3. as those who are young is not strong enough to fight back
infection and therefore they are likely to get sick easily. Those
patients with histories of substance abuse are also at risk of
health disparities due to organ damage and infection. (Bourgois
et al., 2017).
References
Bourgois, P., Holmes, S. M., Sue, K., & Quesada, J. (2017).
Structural vulnerability:
competency: findings from a national study.
JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration
,
49
(5), 249-255.
Khoran, M., Alhani, F., & Hajizadeh, E. (2018). Nurses'
challenges in health
operationalizing the concept to address health disparities in
clinical care.
Academic medicine: journal of the Association of
American Medical Colleges
,
92
(3), 299.
Warshawsky, N., & Cramer, E. (2019). Describing nurse
manager role preparation and assessment skills in Iran and
another country: an integrative review.
Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences
,
5
(1), 38.