The book reviews the proceedings of a national seminar on the role of Muslims in India's freedom movement. The seminar included papers from scholars and Islamic clergy on various aspects of Muslim contributions. Some papers discussed Muslim resistance led by figures like Tipu Sultan and Syed Ahmed Barelvi in the early 19th century. Other papers analyzed the influence of Islamic movements and how ulema supported the movement through fatwas. The book provides valuable insights into an important but often overlooked dimension of India's independence struggle.
Harappan Civilizations ICSE History & CivicsAashish Singla
Harappan Civilizations/Indus Valley Civilization
ICSE History & Civics
Grade IX ICSE History
Chapter 1. The Harappan Civilization
According to latest syllabus.
Harappan Civilizations ICSE History & CivicsAashish Singla
Harappan Civilizations/Indus Valley Civilization
ICSE History & Civics
Grade IX ICSE History
Chapter 1. The Harappan Civilization
According to latest syllabus.
Romela Zaynab is a Digital Marketing Author, Speaker, Trainer and Consultant. She blogs about Education, Motivation Freelancing, and Digital Marketing at romelazaynab.com
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
SSC/CGL
Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Architecture of Medieval India
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinentAqib Syed
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
Romela Zaynab is a Digital Marketing Author, Speaker, Trainer and Consultant. She blogs about Education, Motivation Freelancing, and Digital Marketing at romelazaynab.com
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
SSC/CGL
Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Architecture of Medieval India
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinentAqib Syed
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
By the mid of the nineteenth century, Muslims from North Africa to South-East Asia found themselves defensive in the face of European expansion. European imperialism had become a threat to Islam politically, economically, morally and culturally. It not only challenged the Muslim religio-cultural identity but it also attacked their generation old customs and traditions. European domination of the Muslim world shattered the image of Islam as an expanding worldwide force. Europe had become a constant threat to the religious and political life of the Muslims. This image gained support and popularity by the designs and policies of the European colonial powers. Many of the colonial government officials and missionaries were propagating that Europe’s expansion and domination was due to its basic cultural superiority. They were considering it their duty to educate the natives in the language, history and sciences of the West. They were also claiming that Christian values were a part of ‘enlightened’ policy to civilize.
Responses to British imperialism passed through many phases from complete rejection and violent confrontation to unquestioned admiration and slavish adoration. Some people looked European aggression as another episode of Crusades, a Christian military war against Islam. Some of the traditional Muslim religious leaders suggested that the Muslims should leave their country which was no longer under the Muslim rule following the Holy Prophet’s migration to Madina. This option proved impractical keeping in view the large number of Muslims. Another option was of jihad : a holy war to defend the faith. But the holy war was doomed to defeat because of the superior military strength of Europe. Some religious leaders suggested that the best solution was a complete boycott of their colonial masters. They decided to live aloof frosm the British and take away their children from the schools and institutions established by the English rulers. Any form of cooperation with the British was regarded as surrender to the enemy or treason with Islam. Modern education was regarded as something alien, unnecessary and a danger to religious beliefs.
If some people rejected the western culture completely, others were eager to ‘modernize’ themselves. They wanted that western cultural superiority should be acknowledged in order to survive. This was a new class of modern, educated and western-oriented people. Some of them used Islamic principles to legitimize this transformation . The traditional Islamic basis of Muslim societies had been replaced by the ideology, law and institutions of the W
“SIR SYED AHMED KHAN”
&
“ALIGARH MOVEMENT”
Early Life & Education:
He was born as Syed Ahmad Taqvi on 17 October 1817 in Delhi. His father, Mir Muttaqi was highly regarded by the Mughal dynasty, and many members of his family had held positions in the Mughal court. He was raised in a large house in a wealthy area, in accordance with Mughal traditions. His mother Azis-un-Nisa was a strong-willed religious woman who ensured that Syed and his brother received a disciplined upbringing. He was trained in Persian, Arabic, Urdu and orthodox religious subjects, and was also taught mathematics and astronomy. He was an active boy and participated in a number of sports like swimming and wrestling. He began his study of medicine but did not complete the course. His father died when Syed was still young and thus he had to abandon his formal education due to financial difficulties. He was offered positions in the Mughal court which he declined and entered the English civil service. Later on he attended the East India Company College from where he graduated with a degree in law and judicial services.
Personal Life & Legacy:
He married Parsa Begum in 1836, and the couple went on to have three children: Syed Hamid, Syed Mahmood and Amina.
He was a tireless worker who devoted his entire life to the promotion of education for the masses. A highly knowledgeable man and a prolific writer, he wrote on a number of subjects including history, politics, archaeology, journalism, literature, religion and science.
He lived the last two decades of his life in Aligarh and died on 27 March 1898, at the age of 80. His funeral was attended by thousands of people, including British officials, Muslim leaders, and his students.
About Sir Syed Ahmad Khan:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was a Muslim philosopher, social activist and educator who founded of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. He was deeply devoted to the cause of education and believed that widespread education was the only way to enlighten the masses. A distinguished scholar, he was a progressive thinker who played a major role in promoting social, scientific, and economic development of Indian Muslims. Even though he religiously followed Islam, he was troubled by the rigidity of the orthodox outlook of the Muslims. His life-long interest in religion manifested itself in the form of several volumes of a modernist commentary on the Quran. In addition he also began a sympathetic interpretation of the Bible. But above everything else, it was his dedication towards the cause of education that defined him as a person. He believed in promoting Western–style scientific education and was instrumental in setting up several schools for implementing this purpose. He was a British loyalist and formed the Muslim League to promote pro-British attitudes and activities, thus raising suspicion in the minds of Indian politicians. Nonetheless, he commanded great respect from both Hindus and Muslims for
Afghanistan power system development project final project under Massive Open...Atiqur Rahman Barbhuiya
Afghanistan is at the bottom 10% globally in electricity consumption per capita and only 28% of its population is connected to the grid. In June 2015 Afghanistan’s access to electricity rate is estimated at about 25% with about 1 million residential connections.
The demand for electricity is increasing steadily, and it is estimated that Afghanistan would require 3,000 MW of electricity to suffice its needs by 2020.
This project is conceived to solicit external aid from private and Donor agencies to meet the challenges described above and creating a framework for a sustainable, decentralised power supply using renewable energy sources. The project is preparedfor partial fulfillment of obtaining a certificate under Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Financing for Development (FFD): Unlocking Investment Opportunities
Th is brochure highlights the best practices followed under the
program and reflects the impact of the roads on the lives of people living in diffi cult geographical terrains in Himachal Pradesh (HP) and Rajasthan. The rural roads sector, which is a State subject, also
lacked adequate planning and management due to
poor coordination between multiple funding streams
and agencies. Investing in rural roads was given low
priority and viewed in isolation from the need for
State and National Highways.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. Book Reviews
Role of Muslims in the Freedom Movement of India (ed) Abdul Ali and Zafarul Islam,
Institue of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 2007, Contents, Preface, List
of papers, Bibliography, pages 235, Hard cover, Price not mentioned.
The book under review is the outcome of proceedings of a national level seminar on
the role of Muslims in the Freedom movement of India held at Aligarh Muslim University
on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the country’s First War of Independence under
the aegis of Department of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh during 1819th March, 2005. The significant feature of the seminar was participation of prominent
members representing Islamic clergy and teaching faculty. There were fifty five papers that
were presented and discussed during seven academic sessions. Out of these 55 papers
twelve papers have been incorporated in the book under review since these covered
almost all the vital aspects of focal theme of the seminar. Besides, the contributions were
not only from the researchers and teaching faculty of the universities and research
institutions but also from the enlightened scholars of Islam associated with teachings of
Islam in various Madarsas. Hence on one side we have views of different shades of
ideologies pursued by scholars of history and on the other the roles played by ulema of
Islam in Freedom movement.
The Freedom Movement, as popularly conceived of, was not the sole agenda
of a particular political party but it had moved the masses to revolt against the British Raj
and even aam aadmi in his or her own capacity contributed in this movement. It may be
borne in mind that even littérateurs like Sir Sayyad Ahmad and poets like Hasrat Mohani
with their creative writings spread the message of this movement far and wide. The papers
that were presented provide scholarly treatments to the genesis of the movement. Naseem
Ahmad, former Vice Chanecellor , Aligarh Muslim University in his inaugural address
justified the timing of the seminar since the attempts to underplay the role of leaders of
minorities in freedom movement is playing havoc with the social fabric of our country.
Though there is no denial of the fact that the country has a majority of Hindus, nevertheless
the Muslims and other minorities never conceived India as an adopted land. Instead they
consider themselves as an integral part of constituents of population aggregates of this
country. Naseem Ahmad spoke that Muslims have not come from outside but are the
converts to Islam and hence have a deep sense of belonging to this country and therefore
contributed in country’s economic, cultural, intellectual and spiritual progress through the
ages. Those who happened to visit the Cellular Jail in Port Blair and moved along with local
residents would hear names like Pir Ali, Ali Karim, Mahdi Ali, Sher Ali etc. who are legends
and icons in the freedom movement. Naseem Ahmad gave example of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
who dared to publish a book under the tile of Asbab Baghawat-e-Hind wherein he squarely
blamed the British rulers for the outbreak of 1857 revolt. The objectives with which
Aligarh Muslim University was established envisaged that students from various
Source: http://www.muslimsocieties.org
2. communities would not only pursue higher education, develop scientific temper but also
imbibe the secular traditions of India and thus would be impediment in growing gulf
between the Hindu and the Muslims engineered by the British Raj officials to continue their
subjugation through pursuing the policy of “divide and rule”.
Mujeeb Asharf in his paper entitled “The role and significance of Uprisings
and Muslim revolutionaries in the Freedom struggle of India” traced Muslim resistance to
British rule from Tipu Sultan’s struggle against British imperialists who awakened the
Indian rulers and gave a clarion call to form a united front against the Bristish.This is
followed by Syed Ahmed Barelvi during the First half of the 19th century when his Wahabi
movement swept through entire lenghth and breadth of the country. His appeal to all
Muslims and Hindus to overthrow the foreign rulers gave impetus to a large number of
graduates who declined to serve the British masters. He along with his disciple Maulana
Shah Ismail was killed in Balakot in 1831. Mujeeb concluded that it would fallacious to
consider one party solely responsible for achieving independence and deny the
contributions made by revolutionary heroes like Asrafuddin Ahmad Choudhary of Comilla,
General Shanawaz Habibur Rahman and other associates of Subhash Chandra Bose.
Professor Mahmudul Haq’s paper on influence of ‘neo-Hanbalism on the freedom
movement’ highlights the role of Haji Mohsinuldin Ahmad (d.1862) popularly known as
Dudu/Dudhu Miyan who spearheaded the resistance movement of the poor Muslim
peasants of East Bengal against the European Indigo planters and neo zamindars in areas
like Dhaka, Faridpur, Pabna etc. Besides this the author also throws light on role of Titu Mir
(d. 1831) who was the leader of the movement of Bengal peasants opposing the neo
feudalism created by the British through the instrument of ‘Permanent Settlement of 1793’.
Zafarul Islam in his paper on the role of Fatawa in the freedom movement focus upon the
fact that many important programs of the freedom movement were supported by the
ulama through their fatawa and this was an important part of multidimensional role of
former. Gulfishan Khan’s paper on some Early Colonial experiences of Ulema and Delhi
Madarasa wherein the researcher indicates that the onslaught of consolidation of the
British political authority in north India was to undermine the basic foundations of the
traditional /non formal education the ulama did not deter them to perform their
multifaceted roles with renewed consciousness and perhaps even with more vigor by
teaching, preaching and debating , writing books and pamphlets on issues of importance.
Ali Ahmad’s paper on impact of 1857 revolt on the emergence of Muslim educational
movements concluded that that the 1857 Indian revolt led to the emergence of the Aligarh
Movement and Deoband Movement which respectively played significant role in
advancement of modern and Islamic education on one hand and in the struggle of Freedom
movement on the other. Muhammad Ismail’s paper on the role of Bengali Muslims in the
Freedom movement of India in the 19th century highlighted the role of Titu Mir and his
lieutenant Ghulam Masum Khan . Abdul Ali’s paper on the role of Maulana Barakatullah
Bhopali in the freedom struggle brought forth the fact that his idea of forming a secular
government in exile in Kabul, though did not materialize during his life time nevertheless
the “Provisional Indian Government” formed by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was formed
Source: http://www.muslimsocieties.org
3. on the model envisaged by Maulana Barakatullah Bhopali. Abdul Qadir Jafari’s paper on
role of Moulavi Liaqat Ali Allahabadi (1817-1892) who was expelled from the army on
account of alleged anti-government activities. The author elaborated upon his ‘jehad’
against the British and later his confinement in the infamous Cellular jail of Port Blair
where he breathed his last. Muhammad Javed Ansari’s paper on the role of Maulana
Mahmudul Hasan in the freedom struggle who founded ‘Jamiyat-al-Ansar’ in 1878- an
organization of his students and disciples with the aim to (i) propogate the teaching of
Islam,(ii) to keep alive the spirit of Jihad against the British rule and (iii) to prepare youth
from India and abroad for Jihad against the British rule. Masud Ahmad’s paper on
contributions of Hasrat Mohani in the freedom movement emphasized that Maulana Hasrat
Mohani with his poetry and essays infused zeal for freedom in the young hearts. His Urdu
magazine “Urdu-i-Moalla” though was a literary periodical but its editorial and incisive
analysis of British policies invited wrath of the British establishment that considered
Maulana Hasrat Mohani a “dangerous enemy”. They suspected his involvement in anti
government activities including the ‘silk conspiracy’ and ‘kakori case’. Shakil A. Samdani’s
essay on Tipu Sultan’s lone battle to save foreign domination and his sacrifice to this cause
of independence remains a milestone in Indian history of Independence.Journalist Syed
Naseer Ahamed presented an overview of the role of Muslims in India’s struggle for
freedom.Mr. Kabir Ahmad Khan contributed a select bibliography on the role of Muslims in
the freedom struggle.
The book is a useful reference for the scholars who are seeking knowledge to
understand the role of Muslims in the struggle of India’s Independence. It would wrong to
ignore the role of Muslims in the freedom struggle. Prejudice against other communities is
a common feature of large societies that contain a plurality of communities. This book
would bridge the gap of knowledge on role of Muslim minority in achieving country’s
Independence. The absence of ISBN number would be a hindrance in cataloguing the book.
Dr. S.H.M.Rizvi
Formerly with Anthropological Survey of India
Now based at Delhi
Source: http://www.muslimsocieties.org