Keynote speech to Aviation industry leaders on 'Aviation Futures Driving Forces, Global Challenges and Potential Disruptions' shaping the next 30 years. Highlighting major factors shaping the operating environment and decision making context for governments, businesses, aviation industry players and regulators over the next three decades. A particular emphasis on emerging disruptive and potentially transformative developments in science and technology.

1. Aviation Futures - Driving Forces, Global
Challenges and Potential Disruptions
Rohit Talwar - CEO – Fast Future
ATAG Global Sustainable Aviation Summit
Geneva – April 29th 2014
rohit@fastfuture.com www.fastfuture.com

2. Contents
• Presentation p. 3
• About Fast Future p. 54
• Image Sources p. 63
• Background Notes p. 68

3. Business-Wide Forces
Shorter,
faster
business
cycles
Talent
shortages
Disruptive
innovation
Rapid
spread of
science and
technology
advances

4. Can we Change our DNA?
Play by the
Rules of the
Game
Create a
New Game

6. Our Research suggests airports need to see themselves an
as ecosystem - An integrated portfolio of models
Conceptual
Model
Infrastructure
Model
Revenue
Model
Customer
Engagement
Model
Service
Delivery
Model
Financing
Model

7. ‘Future Proofed’ Organisations
Work on 3 Horizons in Parallel
1-12 Months
Operational
Excellence
4-10 Years
Creating the
Future
1-3 Years
Drive for
Innovation
Efficiency, Growth

8. The Future is Being Created Now...

9. Economic and Political Uncertainty
and Turbulence are the ‘New Normal’

10. Continued Global Shifts Of
Influence, Wealth and
Power to Emerging Markets

11. Socio-Demographic Shifts are
Reshaping Society
Free education is a game changer

12. Sustainability Issues Will Play a
Bigger Role in Decision Making

14. Urban Futures – Chaordic Nightmare...

15. ...or Resource-Efficient Utopia

17. Citizens Have an Expanded Role e.g.
Crowd Funded Bridge - Rotterdam

18. Automation is Accelerating…
....and eliminating jobs

20. Disruptive Innovation is the Goal
e.g. Qualcomm $10M Tricorder X-Prize

21. Core TechnologiesUsed by Pioneers Now Pioneered by 2015 Pioneered by 2025
Personal Technology
Mobile phones
3G / 4G smartphones
Augmented reality
Gesture recognition
Intelligent software assistants
Mind control headsets
3D displays (Glasses free)
Intelligent interfaces
Flexible screens
Digital currency
5G phones
Biologically embedded electronics
Eyewear embedded screens
Intelligent brain-computer interfaces
Streamlining the Passenger Journey
Biometrics –voice / facial / handprint
recognition
Quick-response (QR) codes
RFID
Interactive displays
Near field communications (NFC)
Temporary airports
Biometric signature – heartbeat pattern
Body language recognition
Robotics and automated services
Virtual airports
NFC integrated into all travel documents
and passports
Use of human genomic profiles
Enhancing the Passenger Experience
Social media
Passenger-polling systems
Hybrid platforms (i.e. Google Wave)
Interactive surfaces
Virtual worlds
Vertical farming (basic)
Next generation cinematic experiences:
6D and beyond
Real-time language translation
Reality mining
Wearable displays
Immersive web
3D printing
Biomimetic Design
Haptics technology
Touchable holograms
Vertical farming (advanced)
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Infrastructure
Wireless broadband
Cloud computing
Telepresence
Big Data
Machine learning
Ambient / Embedded intelligence – the
‘Internet of Things’
Grid computing
MANETS (Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks)
Swarm intelligence
Intelligent web
Semantic web
Machine vision
Optical computers
Collective intelligence

22. Our Technologies are Evolving From
the Desktop...

23. ...to Portable and Mobile ...

24. ...to Wearable...

25. ...to Embedded...

26. ... to Grown and Grafted...

27. …and totally Connected via
‘The Internet of Everything’
“What happens when the smartest thing in the room is the room itself?”
Madeleine Albright

28. An Immersive Multi-Sensory Internet
is Emerging

29. Speech / gesture / image recognition, integrated analytics, knowledge management, image / video
/ voice mining, client self-service, intelligent documents, expertise systems, collaboration, secure
email, virtual assistants, intelligent agents and collective intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is Going
Mainstream

30. Collective and Collaborative

31. Data:
Death or
Glory

32. ‘Magic’ and Science are Blurring
Mapping and
Uploading the
Human Brain
Cognitive,
Genetic,
Physical and
Electronic
Enhancement of
the Human Body
The biological era is emerging

33. The Biological Era is Here

34. Science is Opening up New Horizons

35. ‘Big Science’ is the Battleground

36. New Ideas are Reshaping Industries

37. Rapid Execution e.g. Superfast Construction
Ark Hotel - Dongting Lake - China

38. Whole System Change for Driverless

39. Embracing New Paradigms –
e.g. Hyperloop

40. Virtual Collaboration
Novel and Adaptive Thinking Social Intelligence
Trans Disciplinarity
New Media Literacy
Computational Thinking
Design MindsetCross Cultural Competency
Sense MakingCognitive Load Management

41. Assets: ‘Usership’ vs. Ownership

42. Innovation: e.g. Kickstarter.com

43. Revenue: E.g. Auctions
£3088 £8791.50 £81

44. In-Flight Upgrade Auctions

45. Pay by the Pound

46. Menu Pricing
Economy, Classic, Classic Plus
Refunds, Flexibility, Seat Assignment,
Baggage, IFE, FFP Credit, Food and Beverage

47. From Classes and Segments to
Choices on the Service Spectrum
• Experience
• Service
• Seat
• Food and Beverages
• Boarding
• Entertainment
• Language
• FFP Miles
• Luggage
• Lounge
• Offers
• Transport
• +++

48. ‘Agony and Ecstasy’
Based Search

49. Flight Personalisation –
SeatExpert / SeatGuru

50. Reverse Auction - Back Bid

51. Transparency and Price Guarantees

52. Management -
Tackling Complexity
• Customer Interface
• Process
• Organisation
• Information /
Systems
• Regulatory
• Human

53. Conclusions –
Total Sustainability
• Foresight / Curiosity
• Sense making
• Accelerated learning
• Tolerance of
uncertainty
• Scenario thinking
• Coping with
complexity
• Networking

54. About Fast Future

55. Fast Future –
Core Services
• Live Events - Speeches, briefings and workshops for executive management
and boards of governments, investment funds, development agencies ,
companies, airlines, airports, hotels, venues, CVB’s and associations
• Future Insights - Customised research on emerging trends, future scenarios,
technologies and new markets
• Immersion - ‘Deep dives’ on future trends, market developments, emerging
issues and technology advances
• Strategy - Development of strategies and business plans
• Innovation - Creation of business models and innovation plans
• Engagement - Consultancy and workshop facilitation

56. Fast Future
• Research, consulting, speaking, leadership
• 5-20 year horizon - focus on ideas, developments, people,
trends and forces shaping the future
• Clients
– ING, ABN Amro, Laing O’Rourke
– Marks and Spencer
– Airports - Aeroports de Paris / Schiphol Group
– Vancouver Airport Services
– Industry Associations – ICCA, ASAE, PCMA, MPI
– Corporates - GE, Nokia, Pepsi, IBM, Intel, Orange,
O2, Siemens, Samsung, GSK, SAPE&Y, KPMG,
Amadeus, Sabre, Travelport, Travelex, ING,
Santander, Barclays, Citibank, DeutscheBank
– Governments - Dubai, Finland, Nigeria, Singapore,
UK, US
– Convention Bureaus – Seoul, Sydney, London, San
Francisco, Toronto, Abu Dhabi, Durban, Athens,
Slovenia, Copenhagen
– Convention Centres – Melbourne,
Adelaide, Qatar, QEIICC
– Hotels - Accor Group, Preferred,
– Intercontinental
– PCO’s - Congrex, Kenes

57. Our Services
Bespoke research; Identification &
Analysis of Future Trends, Drivers &
Shocks
Accelerated Scenario
Planning, Timelining &
Future Mapping
Identification of
Opportunities for
Innovation and Strategic
InvestmentStrategy Creation &
Development of
Implementation
Roadmaps
Design & Facilitation of
Innovation, Incubation &
Venturing Programmes
Expert Consultations &
Futures Think Tanks
Personal Futuring for Leaders
and Leadership Teams
Public Speaking, In-
Company Briefings,
Seminars and Workshops

58. Example Projects
• Public and private client research e.g. :
– Reinventing the Airport Ecosystem
– Development of Market Scenarios, emerging trends and strategies for key clients
– Government and OECD Scenario Projects – e.g. Migration 2030, Future of Narcotics, Chemical Sector, Family 2030
– Scenarios for the global economy for 2030 and the implications for migration
– Designing Your Future (Published August 2008) – book written for the American Society of Association Executives & The
Center for Association Leadership
– Global Economies – e.g. The Future of China – the Path to 2020
– The Shape of Jobs to Come – Emerging Science and Technology Sectors and Careers
– Winning in India and China
– The Future of Human Resources
– Exploiting the Future Potential of Social Media in UK Small to Medium Enterprises
– Convention 2020 – the Future of Business Events
– Future Convention Cities Initiative – Maximising Long-term Economic Impact of Events
– One Step Beyond – Future trends and challenges for the events industry
– Hotels 2020: Beyond Segmentation – Future Hotel Strategies
– The Future of Travel and Tourism in the Middle East – a Vision to 2020
– Future of Travel and Tourism Investment in Saudi Arabia

59. Hotels 2020 – Objectives
• Identify key drivers of change for
the globally branded hotel sector
over the next decade
• Examine the implications for:
 Hotel strategy
 Brand portfolio
 Business models
 Customer targeting
 Innovation

60. • Global strategic foresight study to help the meetings industry prepare for
the decade ahead - Industry-wide sponsors
• Multiple outputs Nov 2009 – December 2011
• Current studies on future strategies for venues and destinations
Convention 2020

61. Rohit Talwar
• Global futurist and founder of Fast Future Research.
• Award winning speaker on future insights and strategic
innovation – addressing leadership audiences in 40 countries on
5 continents
• Author of Designing Your Future
• Profiled by UK’s Independent Newspaper as one of the Top 10
Global Future Thinkers
• Led futures research, scenario planning and strategic
consultancy projects for clients in telecommunications,
technology, pharmaceuticals, banking, travel and tourism,
environment, food and government sectors
• Clients include 3M, BBC, BT, BAe, Bayer, Chloride, DTC De
Beers, DHL, EADS, Electrolux, E&Y, GE, Hoover, Hyundai, IBM,
ING, Intel, KPMG, M&S, Nakheel, Nokia, Nomura, Novartis,
OECD, Orange, Panasonic, Pfizer, PwC, Samsung, Shell,
Siemens, Symbian, Yell , numerous international associations
and governments agencies in the US, UK, Finland, Dubai,
Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and Singapore.
• To receive Fast Future’s newsletters please email
rohit@fastfuture.com

62. • 50 key trends
• 100 emerging trends
• 10 major patterns of change
• Key challenges and choices for
leaders
• Strategic decision making framework
• Scenarios for 2012
• Key futures tools and techniques
• Published August 2008
• Price £49.95 / €54.95/ $69.95
• Email invoice request to
rohit@fastfuture.com
Designing Your Future
Key Trends, Challenges and Choices

63. Image Sources

64. Image Sources p.1
Page:
1. Left, right:
http://twistedsifter.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/multiple-exposure-airplane-take-off-hannover-airport-ho-yeol-ryu.jpg
http://siliconrepublic.com/fs/img/big%20data%20650%20shutterstock_104929805.jpg
3. Clockwise:
http://leadingchange21.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/fast-pace-spedometer1.jpg
http://netshare.typepad.com/.a/6a00e54efb5ca08834010536c7d88e970b-320wi
http://www.healthtrust.org/dis/images/leftImage.png
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2009/07/090727140349-large.jpg
4. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EJhAZaiyA8E/TfRRHfKzDMI/AAAAAAAAAGo/JmTQLz1z0xc/s320/6a00d8341c65c453ef010536d4981b970c-800wi.jpg
5. http://www.iata.org/publications/ceo-brief/oct-2013/PublishingImages/commercial-airline-profitability.png
6. http://www.amadeus.com/airlineit/resources/reinventing_the_airport_ecosystem/img/amadeus-reinventing-the-airport-ecosystem-2012-en-infographic.jpg
7. From left to right:
http://www.kleinfelderinsurance.com/img/commercial_insurance.jpg
http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2012/03/autonomous-car.jpg
http://www.diseno-art.com/images/Audi_Quattroflex_1.jpg
8. http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfuture/624_351/images/live/p0/0x/b6/p00xb6yp.jpg
9. Left, right:
http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/2009/1101091207_400.jpg
http://tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/bitcoin.png%3Fw%3D640
10. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Map_of_emerging_markets.JPG
11. Clockwise:
http://inclusionparadox.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Multi-generational_Latino.jpg
http://batonrouge.myhomecareblog.com/files/2011/07/active_seniors4.jpg

65. Image Sources p.2
12. http://www.wallpaperex.com/wallpapers/green_environmental_issues_mac_wallpapers_hd_634101_jpeg-wide.jpg
13. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Y_VW1n5Z54A/TBf0sjq-etI/AAAAAAAACXM/J_wOQ9kRtug/s1600/MEGACITIES_2310.gif
14. http://cdn.theatlanticcities.com/img/upload/2013/05/06/shutterstock_132797276/largest.jpg
15. http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v303/wreckless13/Zeitgeist/TVP2010A/aircraft.jpg
16. http://infrastructureintel.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/infrastructurespending20301.png
17. http://inhabitat.com/rotterdams-wooden-luchtsingel-footbridge-is-a-fantastic-piece-of-crowdfunding-architecture/
18. http://infocult.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/employee-of-the-month.jpg
19. http://www.careercapitalist.com/.a/6a00d8345275cf69e201a3fca52fe1970b-450wi
20. http://www.qualcommtricorderxprize.org/
22. http://wp.streetwise.co/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/10_DesktopComputer.jpeg
23. Clockwise:
http://quietfurybooks.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/original-cell-phone.jpg
http://blogs.cio.com/sites/cio.com/files/u7727/Smartphones.jpg
http://images.thenews.com.pk/updates_pics/apple-unviels-ipad-air_10-22-2013_123439_l.jpg
24. Clockwise:
http://cdn2.ubergizmo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Google_Glass_features_in_flux.jpeg
http://cdn-static.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/mobiles/samsung-gear-myvouchercodes.jpeg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-StC2ZrWjsfE/T-PV9BO5xsI/AAAAAAAACII/8-DlVgXSrUY/s1600/fuelband3.jpg
26. http://www.mondolithic.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/You-Are-Only-Coming-Through-In-Waves.jpg
27. http://smartdesignworldwide.com/thinking/wp-content/uploads/internetofthings_480x324_final.jpg
28. http://www.telecom-cloud.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Immersive-Media-Paradigm.jpg
29. http://overthemoonscifi.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/brain-mind.jpeg

66. Image Sources p.3
30. http://michalryjak.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/applying-collaborative-innovation-to-design-thinking.jpg
31. http://www.plumvoice.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/deeplearning.gif
32. Top, bottom:
http://www.newsyaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/digital-brain.jpg
http://www.pakalertpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Transhuman-Symbolism-in-Prometheus.png
33. http://scienceline.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/genes.jpg
34. Clockwise:
http://www.midwich.com/common/userfiles/midwich/cube-cubeX.png
http://www.printedelectronicsworld.com/images/v5/articles/820x615/main3149.jpg
http://www.rumormillnews.com/pix5/nbic8.jpg
http://crnano.org/srg-iii-pov-animation2.gif
35. http://cdn.ientry.com/sites/webpronews/article_pics/avatar2045.jpg
36. http://blog.ocad.ca/wordpress/envr4c03-fw2011-01/files/2011/09/vertical-farm-seatle-01.jpg
37. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2083883/Ark-Hotel-construction-Chinese-built-30-storey-hotel-scratch-15-days.html
38. http://www.instablogsimages.com/1/2011/10/03/bmw_autonomous_car_dtcci.jpg
39. http://s3files.core77.com/blog/images/2013/05/high-speed-tube-01.jpg
40. http://www.iftf.org/uploads/media/IFTF_FutureWorkSkillsSummary_01.gif
41. Left, right:
http://3008docklands.com.au/article/neighbourhood/1490
http://www.answers.com/topic/cloud-computing
42. Top, bottom:
http://assets.sbnation.com/assets/828858/kickstarter-project-goal-800.jpeg
http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/20/2644358/kickstarter-success-product-development-revolution
44. http://d13z1xw8270sfc.cloudfront.net/origin/187940/china_southern_airlines_boeing_787-81b_dreamliner_b-2727_ai148_34925_43.jpg
45. http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/612353-samoa-air.jpg

67. Image Sources p.4
46. http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/static/managed/img/660/371/frontier.jpg?ve=1&tl=1
47. http://img.planespotters.net/photo/139000/original/A6-EDI-Emirates-Airbus-A380-800_PlanespottersNet_139568.jpg
48. Top, bottom:
http://www.apex-foundation.org/wp-content/uploads/hipmunk-same-price-better-flight.png
http://www.bossstart.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Hipmunk.jpg
49. http://www.cntraveler.com/dam/blogs/perrinpost/photos/uncategorized/2008/02/11/seatexpertcom.png
50. http://www.frugaltravelguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/backbid.png
51. http://www.tecnohotelnews.com/2012/05/puede-cambiar-tingo-el-modelo-de-comercializacion-de-los-hoteles
52. http://infolific.com/images/fun/metaphor-for-complexity.gif
53. http://startingyourbiz.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/man-taking-leap-of-faith1.jpg

68. Background Notes

69. The Ark Hotel
• Builders in China put up the Ark Hotel - a 30-storey 183,000-square-foot
hotel in 15 days / 360 hours. None of the workers suffered any injuries
during the construction process.
• The hotel was built on Dongting lake in the Hunan Province, by Broad
Group, a Chinese construction company which specialises in sustainable
architecture. Tests suggest that the building should be able to withstand a
magnitude 9 earthquake. The China Academy of Building Research claims
the hotel is five times more quake-resistant than conventional buildings.
• All the materials were prefabricated and sections were built to specification
off-site, so there was very little wastage during the construction process.
Source: Daily Mail, 09/01/2012: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2083883/Ark-Hotel-construction-Chinese-built-30-storey-hotel-scratch-15-days.html

70. The Ark Hotel
• Reportedly, the builders took just 46 hours to finish the main structural
components and another 90 hours to finish the building enclosure.
• The structure is soundproofed and thermal-insulated. There is air quality
monitoring in every room.
• The pervious record of the same firm is was a smaller 15-story building
constructed in just six days.
Source: Daily Mail, 09/01/2012: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2083883/Ark-Hotel-construction-Chinese-built-30-storey-hotel-scratch-15-days.html

71. Land Airbus - China
• Inhabitat (2013) reports that TBS China has unveiled the Land Airbus – a
giant car-swallowing bus that could potentially hit the streets of China.
• The vehicle is longer than previous versions, it can bend around corners,
and it travels along rails to enable smaller vehicles to pass underneath.
• The innovative urban transportation solution has a high-tech interior that is
entered via a glass elevator that drops down at air lift stations. While
passengers are getting on and off the vehicle, there is no hold up in traffic –
cars just keep going under the Land Airbus.
• TBS China claims that, compared to Metro, the new public transportation
vehicle would cost less, have a shorter construction period and almost
match passenger capacity.
Source: Inhabitat, 09/15/13: http://inhabitat.com/land-airbus-straddling-bus-as-the-future-of-public-transportation-in-the-city/

72. Hyperloop - The Future of Travel
• Hyperloop is a conceptual system that could transport passengers in pods
at near-supersonic speed – the vision of billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk.
• This transport concept could provide a viable alternative to short-haul travel,
high-speed rail and travelling by car.
• Hyperloop could reduce the journey time between Los Angeles and San
Francisco to just 30 minutes, compared to 75 minutes by plane and 5.5
hours by car.
• The concept is based on pods travelling through a low-pressure tube that
would be suspended above the ground.
Source: Future Travel Experience, 15/08/2013: http://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2013/08/hyperloop-the-future-of-travel-or-pure-science-fiction/

73. Hyperloop - The Future of Travel
• Pods would have a compressor on the front to pass the air to the rear and
some of the air would be used to create a cushion underneath the pod on
which it could ride. Electric induction motors at the beginning, middle and
end points of the tube would be used to accelerate and decelerate the pods.
• Musk believes the whole system could run on solar power, ticket prices
should be as low as $20.
• The Hyperloop could reduce travel times greatly and provide excellent
passenger experience. However, one of the biggest challenges is that much
of the technology that is needed for Hyperloop to become a reality doesn’t
yet exist.
Source: Future Travel Experience, 15/08/2013: http://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2013/08/hyperloop-the-future-of-travel-or-pure-science-fiction/

74. Hyperloop - The Future of Travel
• Development costs for the project are estimated at $6Bn - ten-times less than
the cost of the high-speed rail link between San Francisco and LA. Much more
than that would be needed for developing and testing new technologies.
• Also, the preliminary concept envisages a system of tubes and capsules that
would travel directly above the California highway between LA and San
Francisco.
• It is not clear how long will it take to convince the government and the public
that a building a futuristic transport system directly above a highway is a
sensible and safe idea.
Source: Future Travel Experience, 15/08/2013: http://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2013/08/hyperloop-the-future-of-travel-or-pure-science-fiction/

75. Frontier Airlines – A La Carte Pricing
Model
• In December 2013 Frontier Airlines became the first U.S. airline to unveil a
new “menu-pricing” fare structure, in which passengers can choose from
among three different pricing levels: Classic Plus, Classic, and Economy.
• Classic Plus ticket – costs about $55 more than a Classic ticket on a New
York-Los Angeles one-way flight; it’s fully refundable, and includes priority
boarding, advanced seat assignments, two free checked bags, free DirecTV, a
150-percent frequent flier mileage credit, a snack and a "premium" beverage.
• Classic ticket – costs about $25 more than the Economy ticket, gets
passengers advanced seat assignments, two free checked bags, free DirecTV,
and a 125-percent frequent flier mileage credit. Ticket change fees are $50,
down from the normal $100.
Source: BudgetTravel.com, 22/12/13: http://www.budgettravel.com/blog/frontier-debuts-new-a-la-carte-pricing-model,10316/

76. Frontier Airlines – A La Carte Pricing
Model
• Economy – no free perks included in this category, or increased mileage
earnings. Frontier charges economy passengers $15 for the first checked
bag, and $25 for the second. Snacks on long flights are $3.
• Air Canada has had a similar price structure for years. some U.S airlines
are rumored to be thinking about moving in this direction, including
American Airlines.
• Menu pricing has proven to be a money-maker for Air Canada and is very
popular among passengers.
Source: BudgetTravel.com, 22/12/13: http://www.budgettravel.com/blog/frontier-debuts-new-a-la-carte-pricing-model,10316/

77. Various Airline Pricing Schemes
• ‘’Pay-by-the-pound’’ model is only one of several weird, possibly
unwelcomed ways that flights might be priced down the line.
• Before Samoa Air announced plans to introduce the model, Ryanair was
speculating with a “fat tax” on overweight passengers.
• Samoa Air CEO Chris Langton seems to agree that ‘’pay-as-you-weigh”
structure “may provide significant benefits to airlines, passengers and
society at large”.
• Samoa Air flies very small planes (12-seaters), and its clientele tends to
be on the heavy side. Passengers account for far larger percentage of the
total mass than fliers do on the big planes flown by mainstream carriers.
Source: TIME, 08/04/2013: http://business.time.com/2013/04/08/air-travel-by-the-pound-and-other-odd-airline-pricing-schemes/

78. Various Airline Pricing Schemes
• For the vast majority of airlines with hundreds of fliers in per flight
weighing each passenger with baggage would be a logistical nightmare.
Airlines could also face boycotts and charges of discrimination.
• Therefore instead of weight-based pricing, passengers are more likely to
encounter more and more “debundling” of airfares.
• A study by IdeaWorks highlights three airline pricing models that aim to
boost ancillary revenues.
• One model is pure a la carte sales practised by low-fare carriers like Spirit
Airlines, in which pretty much everything other than basic transportation
costs extra and is priced individually.
Source: TIME, 08/04/2013: http://business.time.com/2013/04/08/air-travel-by-the-pound-and-other-odd-airline-pricing-schemes/

79. Various Airline Pricing Schemes
• Other models present travellers with a range of pricing options that allow
customers to pick (and pay for) the flight and package of services that best
suit their needs. These fare structures have proven to be quite lucrative for
airlines –the average Spirit passenger pays $103 in ancillary fees per
round trip.
• Other pricing models:
• Variable pricing system – In this model passengers agree to pay based on
the cost of fuel at the time of takeoff. Customers would pay one price
when they book flights, and then later could be charged more if fuel prices
rise between the time of purchase and departure.
Source: TIME, 08/04/2013: http://business.time.com/2013/04/08/air-travel-by-the-pound-and-other-odd-airline-pricing-schemes/

80. Various Airline Pricing Schemes
• Personalised pricing model – in this model airfares that show up in web
searches are determined partly on the individual’s travel and purchase
history, as well as factors like one’s marital status and nationality.
• Travel advocates argue that such a pricing scheme amounts to “profiling”
and that it would particularly discriminate against business travellers and
others that have limited flexibility with flight times.
• The world’s biggest airlines are among those supporting Resolution 787,
the proposed initiative that would allow such “personalized” pricing.
Source: TIME, 08/04/2013: http://business.time.com/2013/04/08/air-travel-by-the-pound-and-other-odd-airline-pricing-schemes/

81. The World’s Top Innovative Companies
in Travel
• 1. AIRBNB
• The Fast Company rates Airbnb as the most innovative travel company for
making the most of its hosts. By the summer of 2014, Airbnb is expected
to usurp the InterContinental Hotels Group and Hilton Worldwide as the
world's largest hotel chain--without owning a single hotel.
• The startup allows users to rent out their spare rooms or vacant homes to
strangers. It surpassed 10 million stays on its platform in 2013 and
doubled its listings to 550,000 in 192 countries. The company also tripled
revenue to an estimated $250 million.
Source: Fast Company, 2014: http://www.fastcompany.com/3026370/most-innovative-companies-2014/the-worlds-top-10-most-innovative-companies-in-travel

82. Luxury Travel Trends
• Travellers engage in at least one of the following four activities while at an airport -
eating (and drinking), shopping, working or relaxing.
• A network of business-class lounges, duty-free shops and food courts have been
developed to help travellers to better spend their time. Airlines are now seeking to
distinguish their brands further by offering addition services designed to meet the
demands and desires of their business- and first-class customers.
• Luxury consumers’ desire to cram more value, information, entertainment and
choice into each moment is growing exponentially. Travel time is a multi-tasking
opportunity and airlines that stand out are the ones that allow their customers to go
beyond the four aforementioned activities and experience something new.
Source: Telegraph, 23/06/2013: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/717/luxury-travel-trends-aviation-innovations.html

83. Luxury Travel Trends
• Some airports, airlines and travel brands are servicing the growing need
for immersive experiences while in transit.
• 1) Virgin Atlantic – in February 2013 the airline opened the Gallery in the
Air, enabling Upper Class passengers on the carrier’s New York to London
routes to purchase original artworks by Ben Eine while on board. A
selection of the British artist’s works were displayed at clubhouses in JFK,
Newark and Heathrow airports, while passengers could view a virtual
gallery tour of ten one-off pieces during their flight. The artworks were
priced at £2,500 to £15,000, and could be purchased by placing a 25 per
cent deposit with Virgin Atlantic cabin attendants.
Source: Telegraph, 23/06/2013: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/717/luxury-travel-trends-aviation-innovations.html

84. Luxury Travel Trends
• 2) UA Cinemas opened an IMAX theatre in Hong Kong International airport in late 2012.
Travellers with long layovers can watch IMAX movies in 2D or 3D. The IMAX theatre has
the largest cinema screen in Hong Kong.
• 3) The Museum Space at the Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris is designed to showcase
French artistic and cultural heritage. The museum space was opened in January 2013
and offers free access to passengers. Exhibitions in the Museum Space change every
six months.
• 4) British Airways completed ‘UnGrounded’, an 11-hour innovation lab that took place
during a transatlantic flight from San Francisco to London in March 2013. 100
participants chosen by the BA advisory board were tasked with designing a platform that
addressed the misalignment of emerging science and technology talent and
development opportunities. When the flight landed, participants presented their ideas at
the annual Decide Now Act Summit.
Source: Telegraph, 23/06/2013: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/717/luxury-travel-trends-aviation-innovations.html

85. Luxury Travel Trends
• 5) In May 2013 Quantas collaborated with publishing house Hachette on a
collection of bespoke books entitled ‘Stories for Every Journey. Each book is
designed to last for the duration of one of the airline’s routes and features a unique
cover, as well as a foreword and a personal note from the Qantas CEO. The books
are available for free to Qantas Platinum Fliers on a variety of routes.
• 6) The Mexican government launched ‘Mayan Parade’ on 21 December 2012, an
exhibition in airports across Europe and North and South America to celebrate
Mayan culture at the end of the Mayan calendar. Artists from Mexico, the US, and
Brazil were invited to decorate fibreglass statues of the Mayan emperor Pakal.
Each sculpture features a QR code linking to augmented reality content on the
exhibition.
Source: Telegraph, 23/06/2013: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/717/luxury-travel-trends-aviation-innovations.html

86. Luxury Travel Trends
• 7) During 2013 SXSW conference and festival, American Airlines
announced their ‘Napkin Pitch Contest’ onboard flights to Austin, Texas –
where the festival takes place. Passengers were invited to outline an
entrepreneurial venture on the airline’s branded napkins and submit it to
their lounge at the Austin Convention Center or the Startup America
Lounge at the Austin Hilton.
• Apanel of business and innovation experts awarded winners with bundles
of American Airlines air miles.
• The Telegraph suggests that travellers increasingly seek unique status
boosters from their travel experiences – not only at their destination but
before and while getting there.
Source: Telegraph, 23/06/2013: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/717/luxury-travel-trends-aviation-innovations.html

87. Nextpedition – Surprise Vacation
Planning
• Nextpedition was developed by American Express, primarily targeting
twentysomethigs, and creates trips based on a person’s travel profile without the
person knowing where she/ he is going until the last minute.
• A short survey is used to find a person’s travel sign. Then three of the top travel
signs that suit are person are revealed, one of these can be chosen. The next step
is to request a consultation plus connecting the Nextpedition Facebook app to a
profile. A specialist plans the trip without revealing any details. Just before the trip,
the traveller receives the necessary documents plus a digital handheld travel
console which reveals the itinerary.
• Domestic trips start at $1,000; Europe trips start at $2,500; 7-day minimum;
booking must be done at least 30 days in advance.
Source: Travel+Leisure, 04/05/2011: http://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-blog/carry-on/2011/4/5/nextpedition-surprise-vacation-planning

88. Reinventing the Travel Space
• These companies are reinventing the travel space:
• Room 77:
• Based on a concept that if customers can chose a seat on a plane, they
should also be able to chose their room. Room 77 offers the chance to see
what individual rooms within a hotel look like, and how to book that room.
The database includes more than 560,000 rooms.
• BusinessTravel.com:
• Aims to capture the business of corporate travel for small business with 20
employers or less. There are over 40 million of these enterprises in the US
alone.
Source: Eye for Travel, 30/09/2011: http://www.eyefortravel.com/distribution-strategies/innovation-travel-meet-6-new-companies-who-are-reinventing-travel-space

89. Reinventing the Travel Space
• The hotel search facility enables travellers to find a business hotel with all
the necessary requirements.
• Gogobot:
• Gogobot has already gained many national and international awards. The
ethos of Gogobot is that when travellers plan a trip, they should get the
advice and tips from the extended network of friends, family and colleagues,
and from people who travel like them.
• Hipmunk:
• A brand new style of flight meta-search that aims to, in their own words, “take
the agony out of travel planning.” It tells things that other meta-search sites
don’t.
Source: Eye for Travel, 30/09/2011: http://www.eyefortravel.com/distribution-strategies/innovation-travel-meet-6-new-companies-who-are-reinventing-travel-space

90. Reinventing the Travel Space
• like which will be “dark flights” for plane sleepaholics. It then shows in a
clearer than clear capacity- the cheapest, the quickest, the shortest stopover,
and more.’
• HotelTonight:
• This is an app for iPhone and Android, which gives consumers the
opportunity to book a same-day hotel whilst on the move, direct through their
mobile phones. The business model is to use distressed hotel inventory to fill
last minute rooms with last minute guests. Deals can knock off up to 70% of
the usual hotel price.
Source: Eye for Travel, 30/09/2011: http://www.eyefortravel.com/distribution-strategies/innovation-travel-meet-6-new-companies-who-are-reinventing-travel-space

91. Reinventing the Travel Space
• Backbid:
• Allows travellers with flexible hotel reservations to post to Backbid and let
other hoteliers in the same area offer them a cheaper rate or more incentives
to move over the booking to them.
• HotelTonight was the winner of the 2011 EyeforTravel North American
Innovation Award, held as part of TDS North America. Hipmunk was the
runner up.
Source: Eye for Travel, 30/09/2011: http://www.eyefortravel.com/distribution-strategies/innovation-travel-meet-6-new-companies-who-are-reinventing-travel-space

92. TINGO
• Tingo is part of Trip Advisor and focuses on hotels.
• With Tingo, consumers book the hotel whenever they want, and the service
automatically re-books in the future at a lower price if the rate drops. No
extra work's involved from user's side. Users get notified about lower price,
rebooking and the difference refunded.
• Price transparency is expected to become the norm, coming also to airlines
and other parts of travel ecosystem.
Source: Mashable, 07/12/12: http://mashable.com/2012/12/07/innovation-index-travel/

93. Additional Sources
• Genetic profiling - https://www.23andme.com/
• X Prize - Breakthrough innovation projects - http://www.xprize.org/
• Google brain uploading - http://digitaljournal.com/article/352787
• Brain mapping projects - http://www.technologyreview.com/news/513011/why-obamas-brain-
mapping-project-matters/
• Global Future 2045 (immortality) http://2045.com/
• Human enhancement - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_enhancement
• Wearable technology – Google Project Glass - http://www.google.com/glass/start/
• Emotiv Epoc Brain-Computer Interface - http://www.emotiv.com/
• AI Essay Grading Software - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/science/new-test-for-
computers-grading-essays-at-college-level.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
• Crypto currencies –
– http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2013/09/25/3855973.htm
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptocurrencies
• Autonomous cars -
– http://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/6357/Tesla-
Working-on-Autonomous-Car.aspx
– http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2013-09/google-self-driving-car