The document discusses e-voting technology and outlines its pros and cons. It provides a history of e-voting development from the late 19th century to modern internet voting. Key aspects of e-voting systems like identification, ballot casting, and anonymity are examined. International standards and the status of e-voting adoption across Europe are also summarized. The presentation concludes by noting that e-voting will likely become more commonplace and that proper discussion, experience, education and expertise are important.
A CONCEPTUAL SECURE BLOCKCHAIN- BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMIJNSA Journal
Blockchain is offering new opportunities to develop new types of digital services. While research on the
topic is still emerging, it has mostly focused on the technical and legal issues instead of taking advantage of
this novel concept and creating advanced digital services. In this paper, we are going to leverage the open
source Blockchain technology to propose a design for a new electronic voting system that could be used in
local or national elections. The Blockchain-based system will be secure, reliable, and anonymous, and will
help increase the number of voters as well as the trust of people in their governments.
fingerprint based electronic voting machinesanthu652
This document presents a finger print based voting machine that uses finger print identification to allow voters to cast their votes. It consists of a microcontroller, finger print module, EEPROM, LCD display, and other components. The finger print module extracts features from the voter's finger print and matches it to stored templates to verify identities. If matched, the voter can cast their vote which is stored in EEPROM. The system aims to provide secure voting using biometric identification while overcoming issues with other methods like EVM machines. It is presented as having advantages like being cost effective, time efficient, and preventing invalid votes.
The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of using technology. It lists advantages such as helping people communicate, aim for better living, gather information, access government services, download content, improve education, provide entertainment, online shopping, and stay updated on social media. Disadvantages mentioned include technology addiction, wasting money and time, eye strain, plagiarism, neglecting chores, lack of privacy, increased cybercrime, ruined lives, and virus spreading. Overall, the document presents a list of pros and cons of technology use.
e-Democracy Conference 2011 presentation titled 'Next_Parliament (ICT Manner)' by Jani Makraduli, MSc, Vice-president of the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia
1) There are key differences between internet banking and electronic voting that make e-voting more difficult to implement securely. The identity of the voter must be kept secret unlike a bank customer, and it's harder to verify that an e-voting system is behaving correctly.
2) For a system to be trusted, it must either behave predictably as expected (black box view) or have mechanisms that are simple to understand (white box view). E-voting systems are too complex to satisfy the white box view.
3) Verifying e-voting systems requires both black box testing before elections and white box inspection of code and procedures, but complete verification is unrealistic given the complexity of systems. Transparency is important
Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions - Dijana Simic e-Democracy Conference
This document discusses necessary steps for implementing e-Democracy solutions. It addresses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. International benchmarks show varying levels of e-participation across countries. The EU and countries in Southeast Europe have undertaken initiatives to promote e-Democracy. Key success factors include political will, building social trust, removing barriers, transforming government services, and developing e-Government infrastructure. Case studies from Estonia and the US provide examples of successful e-Democracy tools and practices.
[2010] Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions - by Dijan...e-Democracy Conference
This document outlines the necessary steps for implementing e-democracy solutions. It discusses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. It provides benchmarks for e-participation and shows rankings of countries. It also describes EU and regional e-democracy initiatives and best practices like Estonia's public participation portal "Today I Decide".
A CONCEPTUAL SECURE BLOCKCHAIN- BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMIJNSA Journal
Blockchain is offering new opportunities to develop new types of digital services. While research on the
topic is still emerging, it has mostly focused on the technical and legal issues instead of taking advantage of
this novel concept and creating advanced digital services. In this paper, we are going to leverage the open
source Blockchain technology to propose a design for a new electronic voting system that could be used in
local or national elections. The Blockchain-based system will be secure, reliable, and anonymous, and will
help increase the number of voters as well as the trust of people in their governments.
fingerprint based electronic voting machinesanthu652
This document presents a finger print based voting machine that uses finger print identification to allow voters to cast their votes. It consists of a microcontroller, finger print module, EEPROM, LCD display, and other components. The finger print module extracts features from the voter's finger print and matches it to stored templates to verify identities. If matched, the voter can cast their vote which is stored in EEPROM. The system aims to provide secure voting using biometric identification while overcoming issues with other methods like EVM machines. It is presented as having advantages like being cost effective, time efficient, and preventing invalid votes.
The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of using technology. It lists advantages such as helping people communicate, aim for better living, gather information, access government services, download content, improve education, provide entertainment, online shopping, and stay updated on social media. Disadvantages mentioned include technology addiction, wasting money and time, eye strain, plagiarism, neglecting chores, lack of privacy, increased cybercrime, ruined lives, and virus spreading. Overall, the document presents a list of pros and cons of technology use.
e-Democracy Conference 2011 presentation titled 'Next_Parliament (ICT Manner)' by Jani Makraduli, MSc, Vice-president of the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia
1) There are key differences between internet banking and electronic voting that make e-voting more difficult to implement securely. The identity of the voter must be kept secret unlike a bank customer, and it's harder to verify that an e-voting system is behaving correctly.
2) For a system to be trusted, it must either behave predictably as expected (black box view) or have mechanisms that are simple to understand (white box view). E-voting systems are too complex to satisfy the white box view.
3) Verifying e-voting systems requires both black box testing before elections and white box inspection of code and procedures, but complete verification is unrealistic given the complexity of systems. Transparency is important
Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions - Dijana Simic e-Democracy Conference
This document discusses necessary steps for implementing e-Democracy solutions. It addresses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. International benchmarks show varying levels of e-participation across countries. The EU and countries in Southeast Europe have undertaken initiatives to promote e-Democracy. Key success factors include political will, building social trust, removing barriers, transforming government services, and developing e-Government infrastructure. Case studies from Estonia and the US provide examples of successful e-Democracy tools and practices.
[2010] Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions - by Dijan...e-Democracy Conference
This document outlines the necessary steps for implementing e-democracy solutions. It discusses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. It provides benchmarks for e-participation and shows rankings of countries. It also describes EU and regional e-democracy initiatives and best practices like Estonia's public participation portal "Today I Decide".
The e-participation project of NeuchâtelePractice.eu
Author: Gerard Cervelló.
With the objective of facilitating citizen’s participation in the several electoral and consultative processes carried out periodically in the country, the Swiss government commissioned the Federal Chancellery in August 2000 with the task of examining the feasibility of e-voting.
Necessary steps for implementing e-Democracy solutionsdsimic
This document outlines the necessary steps for implementing e-democracy solutions. It discusses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. It provides benchmarks for e-participation and shows rankings of countries. It also describes EU and regional e-democracy initiatives and best practices like Estonia's public participation portal "Today I Decide".
This document discusses e-democracy and the use of information and communication technologies to allow public participation in decision making. Some key advantages of e-democracy include convenience, immediacy of information dissemination and consultations, and lower costs compared to traditional democratic processes. However, risks include the digital divide excluding some citizens, lack of transparency compared to tangible information, and security vulnerabilities of remote systems. Ensuring security, transparency, and verifiability through techniques like encryption and independent auditing is important for trustworthy e-democracy. The document also provides examples of e-democracy systems used in Mexico, Spain, and Switzerland.
How Cidway technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security, confidentiality as well as other regulatory requirements.
How Cidway technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security, confidentiality as well as other regulatory requirements.
How Cidway\'s mobile technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security & confidentiality, as well as other regulatory requirements
Internet voting has been used in national, European and local elections since 2005. An optional alternative to conventional paper voting, i-voting is available during a designated early voting period (from the tenth until the fourth day before Election Day). Voters can cast a ballot from any Internet-connected computer from any location in the world. From the election web page, voters first download a voting application and launch it in their own computers. Next they authenticate themselves using the Estonian ID-card or a mobile-ID, view the list of candidates running in their district, make their choice, encrypt it and confirm their vote with a digital signature. The entire process takes less than two minutes on average (Heiberg et al., 2015). Notably, voters can change their electronic votes an unlimited number of times during the early voting period, with each new vote annulling the previous ones. Voting at the polling station during the early voting period invalidates the ballot cast over the Internet. These provisions are in place in order to protect the secrecy of voting: a voter who was coerced or intimidated to vote a certain way can cast a new ballot and overwrite their previous vote. Until 2021, i-voters could not cast a ballot on Election Day, as their names were removed from the relevant voter lists. From 2021 on, i-voters can cast a paper ballot on Election Day, thereby invalidating their electronic vote.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court that the Government should take immediate action to remedy the situation. And yet, to date, there has been little progress in this regard, and not because the government, or political parties, disagree with the decision but due to lack of strong political will and technical know-how. Overseas voting has been allowed for in numerous countries, and i-Voting has been gaining greater currency and appeal. Technical constraints and security considerations are certainly valid but they can be addressed by developing a National Framework for Verifiable i-Voting for external voting. What is missing is appropriate legislation and political will for an external voting policy for Nepali nationals abroad.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court that the Government should take immediate action to remedy the situation. And yet, to date, there has been little progress in this regard, and not because the government, or political parties, disagree with the decision but due to lack of strong political will and technical know-how. Overseas voting has been allowed for in numerous countries, and i-Voting has been gaining greater currency and appeal. Technical constraints and security considerations are certainly valid but they can be addressed by developing a National Framework for Verifiable i-Voting for external voting. What is missing is appropriate legislation and political will for an external voting policy for Nepali nationals abroad.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court th
Advantages And Disadvantages Of E-Voting The Estonian ExperienceGina Rizzo
This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of e-voting using Estonia as a case study. The key advantages identified are reduced costs and greater convenience which boosted voter turnout. However, security risks from hacking and a potential digital divide are disadvantages. While e-voting has security risks, Estonia has implemented strategies like smartphone verification to address this. Overall, the document concludes that for Estonia, the advantages of e-voting outweigh the disadvantages.
Electronic elections provide both benefits and risks that must be balanced. The benefits include modernizing democratic processes to attract younger voters and increase turnout, as well as reducing costs. However, risks include erosion of voter trust if the technology is not properly designed and implemented. Ensuring software independence and accountability through techniques like cryptography and programming language design is important to establish trustworthiness. With careful attention to usability, security and openness, electronic voting could eventually gain voter trust while preserving democratic principles.
This document discusses e-voting controversies, challenges, and solutions. It outlines technical difficulties like those in the 2002 Florida primary with malfunctioning voting machines. It presents technical solutions used in Brazil and Estonia, including voter verifiable paper trails. It also discusses legal challenges like the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act, and technical issues of coercion and how they can be addressed through randomization and anonymous channels.
This document proposes a mobile e-voting system for Nigeria's electoral process. It describes a two-level hierarchical architecture including national and state infrastructure. Voters would use electronic voting terminals equipped with smartcard readers to authenticate and cast votes. Votes would be transmitted over a virtual private network on existing mobile networks to centralized tallying servers at the state and national levels. The system aims to improve voter participation and reduce issues like ballot stuffing that have challenged previous elections in Nigeria. Security features like public key infrastructure and voter authentication smartcards are incorporated to protect vote integrity and transparency.
Mobile, Secure E - Voting Architecture for the Nigerian Electoral Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document summarizes a study on monitoring eAccessibility in Europe.
The study aims to monitor progress on eAccessibility in selected European and non-European countries, identify best practices, and develop annual reports and a benchmarking framework. It involves surveys of national experts on technologies and policies, and consultation with stakeholders. The main outcomes will include a website, data analysis tools, and reports on various accessibility topics.
This report contains the Turkey overview of IAB digitalSCOPE 2014 Research Study. The digitalSCOPE 2014 Report enlightens media consumption and online habits in digital society. The report has been prepared with contribution of IAB Poland, IAB Bulgaria, IAB Macedonia, IAB Romania, IAB Serbia, IAB Slovakia, IAB Slovenia and IAB Turkey.
The document summarizes key details about Brazil's electoral system and its experience with e-voting over the past 20 years. It notes that Brazil has over 142 million registered voters across its cities and electoral zones. Electronic voting machines were first implemented in the late 1990s and have since been used in all national elections involving over 500,000 voting machines. The system aims to standardize and simplify the voting process while improving security, cost efficiency and speed of vote counting. On election days, over 90% of votes are usually counted within a few hours of polls closing.
The republic of Kenya comprises of eight (8) provinces now forty-seven counties. The country is located in East Africa and shares land borders with the Republics of Somalia in the East, Uganda in the West, Tanzania in the South and Ethiopia and Sudan (now South Sudan) in the North. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Kenya are the kikuyu, Luhya, and Kalenjins. In terms of religion Kenya is roughly split into 80% Christians while the rest are Muslims.
In Kenya, general elections are carried out every after five years where a head of state the President and The National Assembly representatives are elected. They are elected by the people. The national Assembly has about 220 members representing respective constituencies.
In the Local Governments they have the chairman and the Counselor. The counselors are all elected by the people of the state in the respective wards.
That is to say, in any given general elections, Kenyans vote for the president, the members of the National Assembly and the counselors.
Most African Electoral bodies IEBC not an exception right from their inception to date, even with latest advancements in technology, still use a primitive paper based methods during voting; this system is characterized by manual form filling to chose leaders and transfer of the information from manual data capture forms to computerized datasheets, this has led to an excessive number of mistakes making their way into the final vote counts hence leading to confusion at the time of announcing the results. The main advantage of paper-based systems is that ballot papers are easily human auditable. The disadvantages outweigh the advantages for instance the need to print ballot papers is a slow, expensive, inflexible, environmentally hostile process, visual impairments, or literacy limitations and also last minute changes to the voter register are difficult to accommodate among others.
This document presents a case study on using Google Maps to report election results from the 2010 Kenyan referendum. It discusses problems with previous elections, outlines objectives to develop a geospatial approach displaying results, and methodology which included collecting constituency boundary and results data, importing it into Google Fusion Tables, and mapping the results. The results showed support for the referendum, with opportunities to reduce errors and increase transparency in releasing election data to the public online.
This document discusses using cloud technologies to provide social services. It outlines Oracle's strategy of using a service-oriented architecture and componentized enterprise functional architecture to deliver social welfare and human services applications in the cloud. The document aims to address common myths about public sector cloud usage, including that everything will go to the public cloud, that you're either cloud or not cloud, that clouds are one size fits all, that cloud will lock you in, and that reducing costs is the sole benefit of cloud. It emphasizes the importance of a hybrid cloud model and standards-based interoperability.
As global evangelist, thought leader and ICT futurist I was asked to present my views on how ICT-enablement of the future Social Security systems in the Gulf Cooperation Council area could look like - and what recommendations I would make to enable the states to leapfrog on their Social Service Delivery. This presentation together with the detailed insight on my blog post (http://digitizesociety.blogspot.com/2014/04/ict-and-social-services-presentation-to.html) explain my view on current trends and directions as well as challenges that many Social Security / Social Welfare agencies face as they try to increase efficiency and effectiveness utilizing digitalization.
The e-participation project of NeuchâtelePractice.eu
Author: Gerard Cervelló.
With the objective of facilitating citizen’s participation in the several electoral and consultative processes carried out periodically in the country, the Swiss government commissioned the Federal Chancellery in August 2000 with the task of examining the feasibility of e-voting.
Necessary steps for implementing e-Democracy solutionsdsimic
This document outlines the necessary steps for implementing e-democracy solutions. It discusses issues like access, socio-political factors, trust and privacy. It provides benchmarks for e-participation and shows rankings of countries. It also describes EU and regional e-democracy initiatives and best practices like Estonia's public participation portal "Today I Decide".
This document discusses e-democracy and the use of information and communication technologies to allow public participation in decision making. Some key advantages of e-democracy include convenience, immediacy of information dissemination and consultations, and lower costs compared to traditional democratic processes. However, risks include the digital divide excluding some citizens, lack of transparency compared to tangible information, and security vulnerabilities of remote systems. Ensuring security, transparency, and verifiability through techniques like encryption and independent auditing is important for trustworthy e-democracy. The document also provides examples of e-democracy systems used in Mexico, Spain, and Switzerland.
How Cidway technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security, confidentiality as well as other regulatory requirements.
How Cidway technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security, confidentiality as well as other regulatory requirements.
How Cidway\'s mobile technology can help deploy mGov & mVoting solutions, providing the appropriate level of security & confidentiality, as well as other regulatory requirements
Internet voting has been used in national, European and local elections since 2005. An optional alternative to conventional paper voting, i-voting is available during a designated early voting period (from the tenth until the fourth day before Election Day). Voters can cast a ballot from any Internet-connected computer from any location in the world. From the election web page, voters first download a voting application and launch it in their own computers. Next they authenticate themselves using the Estonian ID-card or a mobile-ID, view the list of candidates running in their district, make their choice, encrypt it and confirm their vote with a digital signature. The entire process takes less than two minutes on average (Heiberg et al., 2015). Notably, voters can change their electronic votes an unlimited number of times during the early voting period, with each new vote annulling the previous ones. Voting at the polling station during the early voting period invalidates the ballot cast over the Internet. These provisions are in place in order to protect the secrecy of voting: a voter who was coerced or intimidated to vote a certain way can cast a new ballot and overwrite their previous vote. Until 2021, i-voters could not cast a ballot on Election Day, as their names were removed from the relevant voter lists. From 2021 on, i-voters can cast a paper ballot on Election Day, thereby invalidating their electronic vote.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court that the Government should take immediate action to remedy the situation. And yet, to date, there has been little progress in this regard, and not because the government, or political parties, disagree with the decision but due to lack of strong political will and technical know-how. Overseas voting has been allowed for in numerous countries, and i-Voting has been gaining greater currency and appeal. Technical constraints and security considerations are certainly valid but they can be addressed by developing a National Framework for Verifiable i-Voting for external voting. What is missing is appropriate legislation and political will for an external voting policy for Nepali nationals abroad.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court that the Government should take immediate action to remedy the situation. And yet, to date, there has been little progress in this regard, and not because the government, or political parties, disagree with the decision but due to lack of strong political will and technical know-how. Overseas voting has been allowed for in numerous countries, and i-Voting has been gaining greater currency and appeal. Technical constraints and security considerations are certainly valid but they can be addressed by developing a National Framework for Verifiable i-Voting for external voting. What is missing is appropriate legislation and political will for an external voting policy for Nepali nationals abroad.
This is unfortunate because developing countries account for 80% of the global population, and given their economic and socio-political dilemmas and their track record of contentious elections, these countries arguably stand to benefit most from this exciting new paradigm.
Millions of Nepalis living and working abroad are currently disenfranchised and cannot exercise their constitutional rights to participate in national and local elections. The constitutional provision has been reiterated by a decision of the Supreme Court th
Advantages And Disadvantages Of E-Voting The Estonian ExperienceGina Rizzo
This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of e-voting using Estonia as a case study. The key advantages identified are reduced costs and greater convenience which boosted voter turnout. However, security risks from hacking and a potential digital divide are disadvantages. While e-voting has security risks, Estonia has implemented strategies like smartphone verification to address this. Overall, the document concludes that for Estonia, the advantages of e-voting outweigh the disadvantages.
Electronic elections provide both benefits and risks that must be balanced. The benefits include modernizing democratic processes to attract younger voters and increase turnout, as well as reducing costs. However, risks include erosion of voter trust if the technology is not properly designed and implemented. Ensuring software independence and accountability through techniques like cryptography and programming language design is important to establish trustworthiness. With careful attention to usability, security and openness, electronic voting could eventually gain voter trust while preserving democratic principles.
This document discusses e-voting controversies, challenges, and solutions. It outlines technical difficulties like those in the 2002 Florida primary with malfunctioning voting machines. It presents technical solutions used in Brazil and Estonia, including voter verifiable paper trails. It also discusses legal challenges like the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act, and technical issues of coercion and how they can be addressed through randomization and anonymous channels.
This document proposes a mobile e-voting system for Nigeria's electoral process. It describes a two-level hierarchical architecture including national and state infrastructure. Voters would use electronic voting terminals equipped with smartcard readers to authenticate and cast votes. Votes would be transmitted over a virtual private network on existing mobile networks to centralized tallying servers at the state and national levels. The system aims to improve voter participation and reduce issues like ballot stuffing that have challenged previous elections in Nigeria. Security features like public key infrastructure and voter authentication smartcards are incorporated to protect vote integrity and transparency.
Mobile, Secure E - Voting Architecture for the Nigerian Electoral Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document summarizes a study on monitoring eAccessibility in Europe.
The study aims to monitor progress on eAccessibility in selected European and non-European countries, identify best practices, and develop annual reports and a benchmarking framework. It involves surveys of national experts on technologies and policies, and consultation with stakeholders. The main outcomes will include a website, data analysis tools, and reports on various accessibility topics.
This report contains the Turkey overview of IAB digitalSCOPE 2014 Research Study. The digitalSCOPE 2014 Report enlightens media consumption and online habits in digital society. The report has been prepared with contribution of IAB Poland, IAB Bulgaria, IAB Macedonia, IAB Romania, IAB Serbia, IAB Slovakia, IAB Slovenia and IAB Turkey.
The document summarizes key details about Brazil's electoral system and its experience with e-voting over the past 20 years. It notes that Brazil has over 142 million registered voters across its cities and electoral zones. Electronic voting machines were first implemented in the late 1990s and have since been used in all national elections involving over 500,000 voting machines. The system aims to standardize and simplify the voting process while improving security, cost efficiency and speed of vote counting. On election days, over 90% of votes are usually counted within a few hours of polls closing.
The republic of Kenya comprises of eight (8) provinces now forty-seven counties. The country is located in East Africa and shares land borders with the Republics of Somalia in the East, Uganda in the West, Tanzania in the South and Ethiopia and Sudan (now South Sudan) in the North. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Kenya are the kikuyu, Luhya, and Kalenjins. In terms of religion Kenya is roughly split into 80% Christians while the rest are Muslims.
In Kenya, general elections are carried out every after five years where a head of state the President and The National Assembly representatives are elected. They are elected by the people. The national Assembly has about 220 members representing respective constituencies.
In the Local Governments they have the chairman and the Counselor. The counselors are all elected by the people of the state in the respective wards.
That is to say, in any given general elections, Kenyans vote for the president, the members of the National Assembly and the counselors.
Most African Electoral bodies IEBC not an exception right from their inception to date, even with latest advancements in technology, still use a primitive paper based methods during voting; this system is characterized by manual form filling to chose leaders and transfer of the information from manual data capture forms to computerized datasheets, this has led to an excessive number of mistakes making their way into the final vote counts hence leading to confusion at the time of announcing the results. The main advantage of paper-based systems is that ballot papers are easily human auditable. The disadvantages outweigh the advantages for instance the need to print ballot papers is a slow, expensive, inflexible, environmentally hostile process, visual impairments, or literacy limitations and also last minute changes to the voter register are difficult to accommodate among others.
This document presents a case study on using Google Maps to report election results from the 2010 Kenyan referendum. It discusses problems with previous elections, outlines objectives to develop a geospatial approach displaying results, and methodology which included collecting constituency boundary and results data, importing it into Google Fusion Tables, and mapping the results. The results showed support for the referendum, with opportunities to reduce errors and increase transparency in releasing election data to the public online.
This document discusses using cloud technologies to provide social services. It outlines Oracle's strategy of using a service-oriented architecture and componentized enterprise functional architecture to deliver social welfare and human services applications in the cloud. The document aims to address common myths about public sector cloud usage, including that everything will go to the public cloud, that you're either cloud or not cloud, that clouds are one size fits all, that cloud will lock you in, and that reducing costs is the sole benefit of cloud. It emphasizes the importance of a hybrid cloud model and standards-based interoperability.
As global evangelist, thought leader and ICT futurist I was asked to present my views on how ICT-enablement of the future Social Security systems in the Gulf Cooperation Council area could look like - and what recommendations I would make to enable the states to leapfrog on their Social Service Delivery. This presentation together with the detailed insight on my blog post (http://digitizesociety.blogspot.com/2014/04/ict-and-social-services-presentation-to.html) explain my view on current trends and directions as well as challenges that many Social Security / Social Welfare agencies face as they try to increase efficiency and effectiveness utilizing digitalization.
As Global thought leader on Digitalization of Governments, I was asked to address the Minister of ICT and Senior Government leaders at a conference in Port Louis. My first presentation was around how Governments can leapfrog using ICT. The key message is that Governments carefully need to assess the right path of development to ensure right service for right citizen.
As Global thought leader on Digitalization of Governments, I was asked to address the Minister of ICT and Senior Government leaders at a conference in Port Louis. My keynote presentation addressed how ICT innovations - especially in LDC's and MDC's can greatly improve eGovernment implementation success - especially if three key prerequicites are remembered: Good Master Data, Good Identification of Citizen and Good Communication Infrastructure. Also outlined a number of recommendations that Governments can follow to be successful with eGovernment Implementations.
As Global expert in Public Secor and Social Welfare Digitilization, I was asked to address how EU Member States and the EU commission can use ICT to combat poverty by creating effective and efficient Social Policies for Minimum Income Support. I have elaborated on the slides in a blog post on my blog: http://digitizesociety.blogspot.com/2014/04/ict-enablement-of-minimum-income-support.html
Ulrich Wiesner discusses the risks of e-voting and issues with transparency and verifiability. Cryptographic proposals aim to provide voter receipts for verification while maintaining vote secrecy, such as Prêt-à-Voter and Bingo Voting. However, e-voting poses challenges in implementation, usability, and complexity that make fully verifiable and transparent systems difficult to achieve in practice. Transparency and verifiability of election results are essential principles for democratic elections.
This document discusses the importance of transparency in the certification processes for electronic voting (e-voting) systems. It outlines some key topics regarding e-voting certification, including who should certify the machines and what criteria should be used. It then examines the meaning of electoral transparency and how e-voting should provide the same degree of transparency as traditional voting methods. The document analyzes examples of certification practices in France and Belgium, and proposes that non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) between certifiers and vendors pose problems for transparency. It identifies issues with NDAs used in Finland that could prevent fair certification and public oversight of e-voting devices. The concluding remarks stress that certification without transparency will undermine public confidence in e-voting.
- Estonia held its first binding internet election in 2005 and has since used internet voting in four total elections. Internet voting turnout has increased from over 9,000 voters in 2005 to over 100,000 voters in 2009.
- Estonia has high internet usage rates, with over 60% of the population using the internet daily. Their mandatory national ID card system, introduced in 2002, serves as verification for internet voting and many other e-services.
- Estonia's internet voting system uses an "envelope" model where votes are encrypted before being sent to election servers and counting applications. Various security and transparency measures are in place, including video monitoring of server facilities and public source code.
This document discusses the challenges and risks of remote electronic voting (e-voting) over the internet. It outlines some of the key requirements for a remote e-voting system, such as ballot secrecy and strong voter authentication. It also examines several challenges in more depth, like ensuring the system is transparent and auditable to non-experts, preventing the buying and selling of votes, and addressing risks of coercion and home computer security issues. The document proposes some solutions to these challenges, like allowing voters to change their votes an unlimited number of times and prioritizing paper votes over electronic ones.
The VDAB is the main public employment service provider in Flanders, Belgium, with 5000 employees serving 4 million customers. It has an annual budget of €520 million and partners with private employment services. VDAB uses Oracle solutions including Siebel Campaign Management and Business Intelligence to automatically match jobseekers to vacancies, communicate opportunities across channels, and gain insights to better serve customers and partners.
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1. The European
Perspective on
Pros and Cons
in E-Voting
Systems
shutterstock/Montage: E&L
E-Voting Conference Robert Krimmer
Copenhagen, June 17th, 2010
2. What is it with Electronic Voting
that makes it so interesting
and of high dispute at the same time?
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 2
3. Development
1. Face-to-Face Society
Rome, Athens, Vikings, italian/german city states
Swiss Landsgemeinde
2. Territorial Society
French Revolution, United States,
3. Global Society
Information, CommuniCation und Transaction
world-wide over the Internet
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 3
4. History
Four Stages of Election Administration Development
1. Turn of 20th Century: Development of first election
automation machines – Werner von Siemens,
Thomas Edison
2. After Second Worldwar: First ideas of nationwide
instant electronic voting
3. 1970‘s: Development of Electronic Direct Recording
Machines, legally binding
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 4
5. History (II)
4. New Millennium
- Debates get serious; Countries with full coverage of
electronic voting machines
- first multi-national recommendations/standards
available and discussed in practice
5. Recent
- Internet voting used in national elections (Estonia)
- NEDAP Voting machines banned
(Ireland, Netherlands, Germany)
- First experiences with observation of e-voting
- Methodologies for observation thereof emerging
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 5
6. Definition
Electronic Voting is using electronic means
(information and communication technologies/ICT)
in at least the casting of the vote
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 6
7. Forms of Elections
Place Controlled Uncontrolled
(Polling Station) (At Home)
Optical Scanners
Medium
Paper Polling Station Postal Voting
Electronics EVM Internet Voting
Kiosk Voting
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 7
9. How does E-Voting Work?
In General, E-Voting is based on the separation of
• Unique identification of the voter, and
• The casting of the vote, and keeping it secret
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 9
10. How does E-Voting Work?
Who? What?
Voter Vote
(Identification) (Ballot Casting)
How?
June 10
X
IP-Addresses, Message Content
Sequence, Time
E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 10
11. How does E-Voting Work?
How to keep the voter anonymous?
• Electronic Voting Machines: having separate
machines/application for identification & vote casting
• Remote Electronic Voting: Cryptographic Algorithms to
establish Anonymity either
(1) before
(2) during
(3) or after vote casting
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 11
12. International Standards on
E-Voting
• Council of Europe Recommendation on E-Voting
• OASIS Election Markup Language (EML)
• Gesellschaft für Informatik / Bundesamt für Sicherheit
in der Informationstechnik Protection Profile
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 12
13. Recommendation of the
Council of Europe (I)
Development:
• Task to develop legal, operational and technical
standards for e-voting
• With consideration of the Member States different
electoral systems
• 30th September 2004: Adoption of the
Recommendation Rec(2004)11 by the Commitee of
Ministers of the Council of Europe
• http://www.coe.int/democracy
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 13
14. Recommendation of the
Council of Europe (II)
Council of Europe 2004:
• Task to develop legal, operational and technical
standards for e-voting
• Legal standards:
Common legal standards complying with the
principles of universal, free, equal and secret suffrage
• Operational standards:
Covering all phases of the electoral process
• Technical requirements:
Towards accessibility, interoperability,
security of the vote and monitoring
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 14
15. Protection Profile
• Technical Standard for Security Requirements
for E-Voting
• Developped by German Informatics Society
• It is a certified protection profile
• Follows Common Criteria Methodology
• Common Criteria is an internationally agreed and
accredited methodology for certification of IS
• http://www.bsi.de/cc/pplist/pplist.htm#PP0037
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 15
16. Why E-Voting?
Voter Administration Politicians
Increasing voter Count quicker and Inclusion
mobility more reliable
Support for the voter in
casting the vote Improve voter register Innovation
Increase accessibility Reduce costs on the Change in the
for handicapped long run electorate
voter (+/-)
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 16
17. Where?
Status Quo in Europe
AUSTRIA FRANCE
• Three non-binding remote • National discussion, mainly for
voting tests 2003, 2004, 2006 citizens living abroad
• Feasibility report on e-voting • Test election in 2003,
• Student Union Election 2009 Law first half 2006
ESTONIA • Use in 2009
• First binding Remote Internet GERMANY
voting in national election (2% • E-Voting Machines were in use
of voters voted online) (presentation Dr. Wiesner)
• Only one test beforehand • Over 40 remote electronic
• 106.000 voters in local voting tests (binding and
election Oct 2009 non-binding)
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 17
18. Where?
Status Quo in Europe
IRELAND PORTUGAL
• Bought e-voting machines for • 2004 EU Election and 2005
whole country Parliamentary election non-
• 2004 had to postpone use binding tests (local & remote)
because of lack of trust in • Big evaluation effort
system SPAIN
NETHERLANDS • Several tests and evaluation
• Had nearly full coverage with thereof
local e-voting machines • MadridParticipa with
• Internet voting for citizens networked kiosk machines
abroad • E-Voting part of 2004 e-gov
• Challenge Paper voting law for basque autonomy
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 18
19. Where?
Status Quo in Europe
SWITZERLAND BELGIUM
• Three pilots for remote • First E-Voting Machines in
electronic voting 1991
• Many non- and legally binding • Extended 1994 to 22%, 1999
tests 44%
• Basle introduces for voters • Strategy report
abroad
• Berne, St.Gallen discussing FINLAND
• Trial with Internet Voting
NORWAY Machines in Polling stations
• Pilot Scheme 2011 • Repeated on paper after court
ruling
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 19
20. E-Voting Readiness Index Model
Information Society Context
National
Context Individual
eGovernment application Level
eGovernment application
Technologica
l
eVOTING
eVOTING
Diffusion
Legal
Political
Context
Context
The E-Voting Readiness Index Contextual Model, Ronald Schuster
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 20
21. 10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
20,00
Juni 10
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Political Context
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
21
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Scored Political Context
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Voting and Participation
Center for Electronic
Competence Center
22. 10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
6,00
8,00
June 10
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Legal Context
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Scored Legal Context
Portugal
E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
22
Venezuela
23. 10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
June 10
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
InfoSoc Context
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Scored InfoSoc Context
Portugal
E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
23
24. 10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
0,00
5,00
June 10
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
E-Voting Context
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Scored E-Vote Context
E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
24
Venezuela
25. 0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
Austria
Belgium
June 10
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
ERI - Scored Dimensions
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
25
Legal
InfSoc
E-Vote
Political
27. Summary
• E-Voting technology is to support the people
• E-Voting needs proper discussion and experience
• Denmark has good starting conditions
• At one point in time e-voting will not be avoidable
• Proper education and qualification of
- polling station officers
- technical operators
- observers
- voters
experts needed, incl. knowledge transfer
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 27
28. Contact
SEE YOU AT EVOTE2010, 21-24 July 2010
Robert Krimmer
Managing Director
E-Voting.CC
Competence Center for
Electronic Voting and Participation
Pyrkergasse 33/1/2
A-1190 Vienna
r.krimmer@e-voting.cc
www.e-voting.cc
June 10 E-Voting Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark 28