This document discusses e-voting controversies, challenges, and solutions. It outlines technical difficulties like those in the 2002 Florida primary with malfunctioning voting machines. It presents technical solutions used in Brazil and Estonia, including voter verifiable paper trails. It also discusses legal challenges like the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act, and technical issues of coercion and how they can be addressed through randomization and anonymous channels.

1. E-voting: Controversies, Legal Challenges,
and Technical Difficulties and Solutions
Presented By: Nam Phan
Contents
Introduction
Technical Difficulty: Florida Primary 2002
Technical Solution: Brasil
Technical Solution: Estonia
Controversy: Voter Verified Paper Trail (VVPT) for Electronic Ballot Audit
Legal Challenge: The Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act
Technical Difficulty & Solution: Coercion – Resistance

2. Introduction
• System Types
• Paper-based
• Direct-recording (DRE)
• Remote (Internet)
• Pros
• Speed
• Accessibility
• Cons
• Subject to programming error
• Equipment malfunctions
• Malicious Tampering

3. Florida Primary 2002
• 10,000+ new voting machines
• Unresponsive Touchscreens
• Unable to Restart
• Unsolicited restarts
• No Tests
• No Voter Verifiable Paper Trail

4. Brasil Electronic Voting System
• Completely Electronic Since 2000
• Voter Verifiable with add-on printer to DRE machines
• Auditing
• Bio-metrics planned
• No source code released
• Testing

5. Estonia & Internet Voting
• Since 2006
• Given Identification card
• Optional and only before election day
• “One person, One vote”
• Envelopes
• Public Key cryptography

6. Voter Verifiable Paper Trail
• Verified Voting movement
• https://www.verifiedvoting.org
• Petition
• Votes need permanent record to audit and tally
• Representative Rush Holt

7. The Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility
Act
• Voter-verified paper record in .5% in state jurisdiction
• Ban wireless devices
• Ban internet connections
• Band undisclosed software
• Ban uncertified tabulating machines

8. Coercion
• Adversaries
• Receipt-Freeness
• Randomization attack
• Forced abstention attack
• Simulation Attack
• Correctness
• Verifiability

9. Coercion cont’d
• Anonymous Channels
• Mixed-networks
• Fake keys
• Fake Registration

10. Bibliography
1. Juels, Ari, Dario Catalano, and Markus Jakobsson. "Coercion-Resistant
Electronic Elections." Diss. Indiana U, School of Informatics, 2002. Cryptology
EPrint Archive: Report 2002/165. 2002. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
2. Mercuri, Rebecca. "Florida Primary 2002: Back to the Future." N.p., 11 Sept.
2002. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.
3. Rezende, Pedro R.E. "Elections in Brazil." Elections in Brazil. N.p., 26 May 2004.
Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.cic.unb.br/docentes/pedro/trabs/election.htm>.
4. 1.9 Billion Digits: Brazil’s Bid For Biometric Voting By Dom Phillips Giving
Fingerprints in Brazil Used to Be a Messy Business. In November 2007, While
Registering with the Federal Police in São... "1.9 Billion Digits: Brazil’s Bid For
Biometric Voting." Http://txchnologist.com/. GE, 28 Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Feb.
2015. <http://txchnologist.com/post/25510816014/1-9-billion-digits-brazils-
bid-for-biometric>.

11. Biliography cont’d
5. McCullagh, Declan. "Shamos: Why E-voting Paper Trails Are a Bad Idea -
CNET." CNET. CNET, 21 Apr. 2008. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.cnet.com/news/shamos-why-e-voting-paper-trails-are-a-
bad-idea/>.
6. Verified Voting Foundation. "Legislation." Verified Voting. Verified Voting
Foundation, 29 Nov. 1999. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
<https://www.verifiedvoting.org/resources/vvpr-legislation/>.
7. "The Supreme Court Of Estonia." Supreme Court of Estonia. N.p., n.d.
Web. 15 Feb. 2015. <http://www.nc.ee/?id=381>.
8. "Documents about Internet Voting." Documents. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb.
2015. <http://www.vvk.ee/voting-methods-in-estonia/engindex/reports-
about-internet-voting-in-estonia/>.