This document discusses various topics related to tourism, including:
- Definitions of tourism from different organizations.
- The economic impacts of tourism, including international tourist arrivals and spending.
- Classifying tourists by type of activity, location preference, duration of trip, and other factors.
- Popular tourism theories like Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle and Doxey's Irritation Index.
- Examples of ecotourism in regions like Southeast Asia, China, Indonesia, and Borneo.
- Factors organizations consider when limiting the size of tourist groups, such as environmental impacts and ability to control groups.
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The UNWTO defines a tourist as someone traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. Tourism has grown significantly in recent decades due to factors like increased leisure time, improved transportation infrastructure, and lifestyle changes. There are various types and classifications of tourists based on activities, interests, age, and other demographic factors. Sustainable tourism development aims to meet current economic and travel needs without compromising future generations' ability to do the same.
The document discusses the tourism industry, providing an overview of topics like the definition of tourism and tourists, the historical development and growth of tourism, different types of tourism like domestic, inbound and outbound tourism, and factors enabling and motivating travel. It also examines organizations involved in tourism and assessments for studying the tourism industry.
The document discusses the nature of tourism as an industry. It defines key concepts such as travel, tourism, domestic tourism, and international tourism. International tourist arrivals grew by 5% in 2013, reaching over 1 billion arrivals. France, the United States, and Spain were the top three tourist destinations. The United States, Spain, and France had the highest international tourism receipts. China spent the most on international tourism expenditures. The document also discusses tourist destinations, attractions, facilities and services, and classifications of tourists.
Tourism involves temporary travel to destinations outside one's normal environment. It can include domestic travel within a country or international travel between countries. The main elements of tourism include the attractions, amenities and accessibility of destinations, as well as the various services that support travel and accommodation needs. Tourism is an important industry that provides significant economic, social and cultural benefits to communities around the world.
Geography plays an important role in tourism. Geography studies the relationship between people and their environmental setting. Tourism resources are influenced by geographic factors like climate, landscape, and culture. The characteristics of a place, including its climate and unique physical and cultural features, determine the types of tourism it can support. Certain destinations have a comparative advantage for certain types of tourism due to their geographic attributes. Climate change is also impacting tourism destinations by influencing seasons and visitor numbers.
Tourism concepts document defines key terms related to tourism including:
- Tourism is defined as activities of people traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for various purposes.
- A tourist is defined as someone staying at least one night outside their usual environment for various non-work purposes.
- Tourism can be classified into types such as inbound, outbound, domestic, and internal tourism based on the origin and destination of travelers.
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The UNWTO defines a tourist as someone traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. Tourism has grown significantly in recent decades due to factors like increased leisure time, improved transportation infrastructure, and lifestyle changes. There are various types and classifications of tourists based on activities, interests, age, and other demographic factors. Sustainable tourism development aims to meet current economic and travel needs without compromising future generations' ability to do the same.
The document discusses the tourism industry, providing an overview of topics like the definition of tourism and tourists, the historical development and growth of tourism, different types of tourism like domestic, inbound and outbound tourism, and factors enabling and motivating travel. It also examines organizations involved in tourism and assessments for studying the tourism industry.
The document discusses the nature of tourism as an industry. It defines key concepts such as travel, tourism, domestic tourism, and international tourism. International tourist arrivals grew by 5% in 2013, reaching over 1 billion arrivals. France, the United States, and Spain were the top three tourist destinations. The United States, Spain, and France had the highest international tourism receipts. China spent the most on international tourism expenditures. The document also discusses tourist destinations, attractions, facilities and services, and classifications of tourists.
Tourism involves temporary travel to destinations outside one's normal environment. It can include domestic travel within a country or international travel between countries. The main elements of tourism include the attractions, amenities and accessibility of destinations, as well as the various services that support travel and accommodation needs. Tourism is an important industry that provides significant economic, social and cultural benefits to communities around the world.
Geography plays an important role in tourism. Geography studies the relationship between people and their environmental setting. Tourism resources are influenced by geographic factors like climate, landscape, and culture. The characteristics of a place, including its climate and unique physical and cultural features, determine the types of tourism it can support. Certain destinations have a comparative advantage for certain types of tourism due to their geographic attributes. Climate change is also impacting tourism destinations by influencing seasons and visitor numbers.
Tourism concepts document defines key terms related to tourism including:
- Tourism is defined as activities of people traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for various purposes.
- A tourist is defined as someone staying at least one night outside their usual environment for various non-work purposes.
- Tourism can be classified into types such as inbound, outbound, domestic, and internal tourism based on the origin and destination of travelers.
Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries. It is influenced by factors such as increasing incomes, more leisure time, and lower travel costs. The internet has also fueled tourism growth by enabling online booking and providing information to help travelers make informed plans. Tourism involves both traveling for pleasure and the businesses that provide tours and services. It is defined as travel for leisure or business purposes that does not result in permanent residence. Tourism brings economic benefits but also requires management and coordination between various stakeholders to reconcile tourist and resident needs.
Tourism is defined as the activities of persons traveling to places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. It involves travel and temporary stays in destinations. Some key points:
- Tourism requires travel but not all travel is tourism. It must be for over 24 hours and for purposes other than employment.
- It is an important economic sector, contributing over 10% to global GDP and employing over 260 million people worldwide.
- The tourism system involves the interactions between tourists, tourism promoters and suppliers, and the external environment across generating regions, transit routes, and destinations.
- There are various forms of tourism including domestic, inbound, outbound, and types like cultural, heritage, environmental,
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It defines tourism and discusses its characteristics, objectives, growth drivers, types of tourists and destinations. It also examines various forms of tourism like religious, historical and adventure tourism. Finally, it outlines the economic benefits and components of the tourism industry.
This document defines tourism and its various types according to different classifications. It begins by defining tourism as temporary travel outside a person's normal environment for purposes like leisure, business, or other activities. Tourism is then classified according to destination as either domestic or international tourism. It is also classified according to the characteristics of the tourism system and tourists. Some major types discussed are cultural tourism, ecotourism, heritage tourism, medical tourism, and disaster tourism. The impacts and examples of different tourism types are provided. Tables with data on the top international tourist arrivals and receipts by country from the World Tourism Organization are also included.
Defined and Specified,
Forms of tourism,
Types of tourism,
Tourist product,
tourist destination,
the characteristics of tourism and the importance of tourism. PLUS ! class activity.
This document defines tourism and differentiates tourists from excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, examines the nature of tours, and elucidates the characteristics of tourist products and destinations. Tourism is defined as temporary short-term movement of people outside their normal places of residence or work for non-employment purposes. The document also compares tourism to other industries and appreciates its importance, such as its significant contributions to balance of payments, employment opportunities, and cultural enrichment.
This document discusses various types of special tourism services and products that have emerged to meet the evolving needs of travelers. It identifies eco, cultural, rural, adventure, health, new age, and educational tourism as specialized segments that have grown in the leisure market. In the business travel market, it focuses on the MICE industry (meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions), and the roles of meeting planners, convention centers, event managers, and convention and visitor bureaus in organizing specialized events.
The document provides an overview of tourism concepts including definitions of tourists, excursionists, and travelers. It also discusses classifications of tourists by activity type, location preference, trip duration, and socioeconomic group. Additional sections cover components and elements of tourism, types of tourism, tourism organizations, and trends in the Indian tourism industry such as infrastructure development and private sector participation. Major Indian tourism organizations are introduced, including the India Tourism Development Corporation, World Tourism Organization, and various industry associations.
This document discusses the growth of tourism as a global phenomenon and some of the factors driving this growth. It addresses how leisure time is increasingly defining people's lives and how they spend their non-work periods. The document also touches on reasons for the increased role of tourism, including changing economies focused more on services and consumer industries. Sustainability concerns related to tourism's expansion are also mentioned. Overall, the document provides background on why tourism has become a major global activity and introduces some of the concepts and forces shaping the tourism industry.
The chapter defines tourism and differentiates between tourists and excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, including distance, length of stay, residence, and travel purpose. Tourism involves a dynamic journey element and static stay element. Tourists stay at least 24 hours while excursionists stay less than 24 hours. A tourist destination depends on attractions, amenities, and accessibility. Tourism makes unique contributions to economies and societies through jobs, cultural exchange, and promoting peace.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Whole Tourism System Model- Neil LeiperAruna Poddar
1. Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key components of tourism, including tourist generating regions, transit routes, destinations, and the tourism industry.
2. The model shows the interaction between tourists and the places they visit, and identifies push factors that encourage travel and pull factors that attract tourists to destinations.
3. The whole tourism system consists of five elements - tourists, places of origin and return, destinations, transportation routes, and tourism businesses. It depicts the flow of tourists between origins and destinations.
The document discusses definitions and concepts related to tourism. It provides definitions of tourism, tourist, excursionist, and traveler from various academic and organizational sources. It also outlines characteristics of tourism such as it being a service industry, people-oriented, multi-dimensional, and seasonal. Key factors that determine tourist destinations are also summarized such as attractions, amenities, and accessibility.
Tourism feature,significance and marketing mixsahanasneha
This document defines tourism and discusses its key concepts, nature, significance, and marketing aspects. Tourism is defined as activities of people traveling outside their usual environment for up to a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. It has three elements - man, space, and time. Tourism can be domestic, within a country, or international, between countries. It is characterized as inflexible, perishable, fixed location, requiring large financial investment, and intangible. Tourism plays a major role in economic and social development by providing entertainment, business opportunities, and employment. Tourism marketing transforms potential tourists into actual tourists through strategic, tactical, and operational marketing functions using the tourism marketing mix which includes airline, road, rail, water
The document discusses sustainable tourism and outlines its key aspects:
- Sustainable tourism aims to minimize environmental impacts and benefit local communities.
- It involves maintaining resources, producing tourism services, distributing them, and consumers experiencing the destination.
- Developing sustainable tourism requires understanding customer needs, conducting market research, designing appropriate products and services, and ensuring feasibility and positive impacts.
This document provides information about a tourism systems module, including:
- Contact details for the lecturer and information about module delivery over 6 weeks with 10 chapters and assignments.
- Details of the final exam consisting of multiple choice and essay questions.
- Details of 4 continuous assessments including MCQ tests and a group assignment on a selected destination.
- A list of destinations for the group assignment is provided.
The document discusses tourism resources and planning for sustainable tourism development. It defines tourism resources as tangible objects that are used by both tourists and locals, and are perishable. It outlines factors for developing tourism resources and discusses concepts like carrying capacity and the tourist area life cycle. Tourism planning aims to maximize economic benefits while minimizing environmental, social and cultural impacts through research, community involvement, and managing use levels to avoid deterioration of resources.
This document provides information about travel and holidays, including:
1) A section on travel prepositions that matches prepositions to modes of transportation and includes exercises to complete sentences with missing prepositions.
2) A section on types of holidays that matches pictures to different types (package, skiing, backpacking, camping) and defines each with words provided in a list. It includes exercises to complete definitions and sentences.
3) A section on traveling by plane that puts steps of the process in order and includes an exercise completing a passage about checking in and boarding a flight.
4) A writing exercise prompt to respond to a friend's questions about a holiday in a 100 word letter.
English as a Foreign Language for B2 students. Topic: Food, restaurants, cooking, kitchen stuff... Linguistic contents: modal verbs, making suggestions, word formation, proverbs... All the resources are mentioned in the bibliography.
The document discusses different modes of transportation for traveling, including hiking, rail travel, and air travel. It provides details on packing for hiking tours, the types of trains available for rail travel and tips for booking tickets in advance. When traveling by air, the document recommends arriving at least 2 hours before international flights and 1 hour before domestic flights to allow time for check-in procedures. Overall, the document offers guidance and logistical information for different methods of traveling by foot, rail and air.
Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries. It is influenced by factors such as increasing incomes, more leisure time, and lower travel costs. The internet has also fueled tourism growth by enabling online booking and providing information to help travelers make informed plans. Tourism involves both traveling for pleasure and the businesses that provide tours and services. It is defined as travel for leisure or business purposes that does not result in permanent residence. Tourism brings economic benefits but also requires management and coordination between various stakeholders to reconcile tourist and resident needs.
Tourism is defined as the activities of persons traveling to places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. It involves travel and temporary stays in destinations. Some key points:
- Tourism requires travel but not all travel is tourism. It must be for over 24 hours and for purposes other than employment.
- It is an important economic sector, contributing over 10% to global GDP and employing over 260 million people worldwide.
- The tourism system involves the interactions between tourists, tourism promoters and suppliers, and the external environment across generating regions, transit routes, and destinations.
- There are various forms of tourism including domestic, inbound, outbound, and types like cultural, heritage, environmental,
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It defines tourism and discusses its characteristics, objectives, growth drivers, types of tourists and destinations. It also examines various forms of tourism like religious, historical and adventure tourism. Finally, it outlines the economic benefits and components of the tourism industry.
This document defines tourism and its various types according to different classifications. It begins by defining tourism as temporary travel outside a person's normal environment for purposes like leisure, business, or other activities. Tourism is then classified according to destination as either domestic or international tourism. It is also classified according to the characteristics of the tourism system and tourists. Some major types discussed are cultural tourism, ecotourism, heritage tourism, medical tourism, and disaster tourism. The impacts and examples of different tourism types are provided. Tables with data on the top international tourist arrivals and receipts by country from the World Tourism Organization are also included.
Defined and Specified,
Forms of tourism,
Types of tourism,
Tourist product,
tourist destination,
the characteristics of tourism and the importance of tourism. PLUS ! class activity.
This document defines tourism and differentiates tourists from excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, examines the nature of tours, and elucidates the characteristics of tourist products and destinations. Tourism is defined as temporary short-term movement of people outside their normal places of residence or work for non-employment purposes. The document also compares tourism to other industries and appreciates its importance, such as its significant contributions to balance of payments, employment opportunities, and cultural enrichment.
This document discusses various types of special tourism services and products that have emerged to meet the evolving needs of travelers. It identifies eco, cultural, rural, adventure, health, new age, and educational tourism as specialized segments that have grown in the leisure market. In the business travel market, it focuses on the MICE industry (meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions), and the roles of meeting planners, convention centers, event managers, and convention and visitor bureaus in organizing specialized events.
The document provides an overview of tourism concepts including definitions of tourists, excursionists, and travelers. It also discusses classifications of tourists by activity type, location preference, trip duration, and socioeconomic group. Additional sections cover components and elements of tourism, types of tourism, tourism organizations, and trends in the Indian tourism industry such as infrastructure development and private sector participation. Major Indian tourism organizations are introduced, including the India Tourism Development Corporation, World Tourism Organization, and various industry associations.
This document discusses the growth of tourism as a global phenomenon and some of the factors driving this growth. It addresses how leisure time is increasingly defining people's lives and how they spend their non-work periods. The document also touches on reasons for the increased role of tourism, including changing economies focused more on services and consumer industries. Sustainability concerns related to tourism's expansion are also mentioned. Overall, the document provides background on why tourism has become a major global activity and introduces some of the concepts and forces shaping the tourism industry.
The chapter defines tourism and differentiates between tourists and excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, including distance, length of stay, residence, and travel purpose. Tourism involves a dynamic journey element and static stay element. Tourists stay at least 24 hours while excursionists stay less than 24 hours. A tourist destination depends on attractions, amenities, and accessibility. Tourism makes unique contributions to economies and societies through jobs, cultural exchange, and promoting peace.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Whole Tourism System Model- Neil LeiperAruna Poddar
1. Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key components of tourism, including tourist generating regions, transit routes, destinations, and the tourism industry.
2. The model shows the interaction between tourists and the places they visit, and identifies push factors that encourage travel and pull factors that attract tourists to destinations.
3. The whole tourism system consists of five elements - tourists, places of origin and return, destinations, transportation routes, and tourism businesses. It depicts the flow of tourists between origins and destinations.
The document discusses definitions and concepts related to tourism. It provides definitions of tourism, tourist, excursionist, and traveler from various academic and organizational sources. It also outlines characteristics of tourism such as it being a service industry, people-oriented, multi-dimensional, and seasonal. Key factors that determine tourist destinations are also summarized such as attractions, amenities, and accessibility.
Tourism feature,significance and marketing mixsahanasneha
This document defines tourism and discusses its key concepts, nature, significance, and marketing aspects. Tourism is defined as activities of people traveling outside their usual environment for up to a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. It has three elements - man, space, and time. Tourism can be domestic, within a country, or international, between countries. It is characterized as inflexible, perishable, fixed location, requiring large financial investment, and intangible. Tourism plays a major role in economic and social development by providing entertainment, business opportunities, and employment. Tourism marketing transforms potential tourists into actual tourists through strategic, tactical, and operational marketing functions using the tourism marketing mix which includes airline, road, rail, water
The document discusses sustainable tourism and outlines its key aspects:
- Sustainable tourism aims to minimize environmental impacts and benefit local communities.
- It involves maintaining resources, producing tourism services, distributing them, and consumers experiencing the destination.
- Developing sustainable tourism requires understanding customer needs, conducting market research, designing appropriate products and services, and ensuring feasibility and positive impacts.
This document provides information about a tourism systems module, including:
- Contact details for the lecturer and information about module delivery over 6 weeks with 10 chapters and assignments.
- Details of the final exam consisting of multiple choice and essay questions.
- Details of 4 continuous assessments including MCQ tests and a group assignment on a selected destination.
- A list of destinations for the group assignment is provided.
The document discusses tourism resources and planning for sustainable tourism development. It defines tourism resources as tangible objects that are used by both tourists and locals, and are perishable. It outlines factors for developing tourism resources and discusses concepts like carrying capacity and the tourist area life cycle. Tourism planning aims to maximize economic benefits while minimizing environmental, social and cultural impacts through research, community involvement, and managing use levels to avoid deterioration of resources.
This document provides information about travel and holidays, including:
1) A section on travel prepositions that matches prepositions to modes of transportation and includes exercises to complete sentences with missing prepositions.
2) A section on types of holidays that matches pictures to different types (package, skiing, backpacking, camping) and defines each with words provided in a list. It includes exercises to complete definitions and sentences.
3) A section on traveling by plane that puts steps of the process in order and includes an exercise completing a passage about checking in and boarding a flight.
4) A writing exercise prompt to respond to a friend's questions about a holiday in a 100 word letter.
English as a Foreign Language for B2 students. Topic: Food, restaurants, cooking, kitchen stuff... Linguistic contents: modal verbs, making suggestions, word formation, proverbs... All the resources are mentioned in the bibliography.
The document discusses different modes of transportation for traveling, including hiking, rail travel, and air travel. It provides details on packing for hiking tours, the types of trains available for rail travel and tips for booking tickets in advance. When traveling by air, the document recommends arriving at least 2 hours before international flights and 1 hour before domestic flights to allow time for check-in procedures. Overall, the document offers guidance and logistical information for different methods of traveling by foot, rail and air.
The document discusses various types of accommodation options when traveling including hotels rated by stars (1-5 stars), business hotels, capsule hotels, ryokans, resorts, motels, youth hostels, dude ranches, guest houses, bed and breakfasts, small hotels, self-catering accommodations, inns, and caravans. It provides brief descriptions of each type, highlighting their key features and facilities.
This document discusses various ways of travelling, including by plane, train, bus, car, boat, bicycle, motorbike, hot air balloon, helicopter, and ship. It asks the question "How can you travel?" and lists plane and train as two common ways to travel.
The document describes a burglary crime. A burglar was climbing up to an open window when a dog started barking. The burglar threw stones at the dog to try to silence it while burgling the house. However, the police arrived and arrested the burglar while he was in the process of committing the crime. The summary is in 3 sentences as requested.
The document provides information about main tourist attractions in London, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus, the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, Notting Hill, Portobello Market, and Camden Market. It also gives some facts about London being the capital of England and the UK, with over 7.5 million inhabitants, and discusses the monarchy and government.
Thor is a 15-year-old raven who lives in the Tower of London with his family of 9 birds. He likes living in the Tower where he is fed daily by the Beefeaters, who are the guards of the Tower. According to a local legend, the ravens must remain in the Tower or else the Tower and Britain will fall, though Thor does not believe this legend. Thor writes a postcard to his friends describing his life in the Tower of London with his family and the Beefeaters who guard the tower.
This document outlines different types of holidays and related vocabulary terms. It discusses cultural holidays, cycling holidays, cruise holidays, skiing holidays, hiking holidays, and golf holidays. Additionally, it provides vocabulary words for strait, territory, peninsula, accommodation, transportation, cemetery, and monument.
The document contains a list of terms related to travel, transportation, accommodations, and activities that one may encounter when planning and taking a trip. Some of the terms referenced include modes of transportation like planes and trains, locations like airports and hotels, travel documents like tickets and passports, amenities like private bathrooms and room service, activities like sightseeing and skiing, and roles like tour guides and flight attendants.
This document contains vocabulary related to travel, sightseeing, and going on holiday. It includes words like visa, hotel, luggage, transportation methods like plane, train, boat, and activities like hiking, visiting art galleries and restaurants, sightseeing at places of interest. It also asks questions about travel preferences, experiences visiting places, and opinions on traveling to space.
Useful phrases and vocabulary: before holidayetwinning2
This document provides useful grammar, vocabulary, time expressions, and adjectives for talking about travel plans and intentions. Key phrases include "to be going to" for plans, "will/won't" for predictions, locations like "at the seaside" or "in the mountains", activities like "go camping" or "take photographs", and descriptors like "warm", "wonderful", or "boring".
London is a major tourist destination known for its four world heritage sites, royal parks, and iconic landmarks along the River Thames such as the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge, Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, and Buckingham Palace. It is also home to famous institutions like the British Museum and National Gallery as well as numerous shopping, entertainment, and nightlife venues in West End. The document provides photos of various landmarks in London such as Big Ben, Tower Bridge, London Eye, St. Paul's Cathedral, and more to illustrate the city's many attractions.
The document provides guidance on writing postcards from a holiday trip. It explains that postcards are written to friends and family to tell them about enjoyable activities while on vacation, such as visiting beaches, riding rollercoasters, exploring cities, and visiting museums. The document offers tips for writing a postcard, including using greetings, describing the weather and activities, commenting on the food and people, and signing off with your return date and signature.
The document provides an overview of travel and tourism including defining tourism, different types of tourism, business models in the travel industry, tourism statistics globally and in India, adventure tourism opportunities in India, new tourism products, key sectors and service providers in the tourism industry, the economic contribution of tourism, and factors that could drive future growth in tourism. It also discusses specific tourism operators and options in India like SOTC.
This document discusses some common reasons people travel such as beaches, sports and adventure, and seeing different architecture from various time periods like medieval and ancient structures. It suggests traveling to experience white sandy beaches, outdoor activities, and visiting colorful palaces and buildings from different eras of history.
Amusement parks are places where people go with family and friends to have fun on rides and attractions. Some common rides found at amusement parks include roller coasters, free falls, Ferris wheels, pirate ships, bumper cars, kamikaze rides, water slides, swingers, merry-go-rounds, octopuses, and sky screamers.
The document defines tourism and discusses its history and evolution over time. It provides several definitions of tourism from various organizations. Tourism involves travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. It is distinct from regular travel in that it involves travel outside one's usual environment for a period of less than a year. International tourism has grown significantly in recent decades and brings large economic benefits.
Ecotourism can have both positive and negative socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts on destinations. Positively, it can increase financial opportunities for local communities, preserve natural habitats, and promote cultural pride and awareness of environmental issues. However, large tourist volumes can damage fragile ecosystems, introduce foreign values that weaken indigenous cultures, and increase costs of living in local communities. Proper management strategies are needed to maximize ecotourism's benefits while minimizing its risks and downsides.
Here is a summary of the positive and negative effects of ecotourism:
Positive Effects:
- Generates income and employment for local communities from tourism activities like guiding tours. This enhances economic development.
- Raises environmental awareness among both locals and tourists through interpretation and education. This fosters conservation values.
- Sustains local traditions and culture by showcasing them to visitors. This boosts cultural pride.
- Funds generated support conservation of natural areas that attract ecotourists. This aids protection of biodiversity.
Negative Effects:
- Overcrowding at popular ecotourism sites can degrade the environment through pollution, litter, and trampling of vegetation.
- Large visitor numbers may
Rural tourism is growing in importance worldwide. It provides economic opportunities for rural communities while allowing visitors to experience rural lifestyles and activities. The document discusses definitions of rural tourism and examples from around the world. Top rural tourism destinations include Ontario, Canada known for agri-tours of farms and Dunedin, New Zealand for its scenic landscape and proximity to wildlife. Rural tourism is beneficial as it generates income for rural areas and encourages preservation of local culture and environment.
This document discusses the anthropology of tourism. It provides statistics showing that tourism has grown tremendously over the past decades to become one of the largest industries worldwide. It also discusses some of the positive and negative impacts of tourism on destinations. Additionally, it examines factors like "push" and "pull" factors that influence why people travel, the relationship between hosts and guests, and the importance of understanding a destination's "genius loci" or unique identity to develop responsible tourism.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It discusses different types of tourism like leisure, business, and visiting friends and relatives. It also examines the integrated model of tourism which shows how travelers interact with tourism promoters, suppliers, and the external environment. Some factors that influence tourism development are discussed like social trends, political policies, the economy, culture/environment, and technology.
Policy Setting for Improved Linkages Between Agriculture, Trade and Tourism: Strengthening the Local Agrifood sector and Promoting Healthy Food in Agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Tuvalu
In collaboration with and Pacific Community, CTA, PIPSO and SPTO.
Funafuti, Tuvalu, 7 & 10 September 2018
The document discusses the impacts of tourism on developing economies. It begins with an introduction stating that while tourism provides economic benefits, it can also have environmental, social, and cultural impacts if not properly managed. It then provides details on the various impacts under sections on environment (1.1.1), sociocultural (1.1.2), and economic (1.1.3). Specific examples of impacts in Thailand (2.3) and India (2.4) are also discussed.
This document discusses the key components and elements of the tourism industry. It outlines three dimensions of sustainable tourism: environmental, economic, and social. It then goes on to describe the various types of environments impacted by tourism, including natural, farmed, built, and wildlife environments. It also discusses the economic benefits and costs of tourism, as well as how sustainability can be achieved in the economic dimension. Finally, it covers the social dimension of tourism and how sustainability relates to stakeholders such as local communities and foreign tourist operators.
This chapter provides an overview of tourism by defining key terms, describing different perspectives on tourism, and examining approaches to studying tourism. It outlines the various components of tourism, from tourists and resources to industries and management. Statistics are presented on the scale of the global tourism industry and top destinations. The economic, social, and cultural benefits and disadvantages of tourism are also summarized.
The Concept Of Ecotourism And Its Effects On The EnvironmentAshley Fisher
The document discusses the concept of ecotourism, defining it as environmentally conscious travel that enjoys and appreciates nature while promoting conservation and providing local socio-economic benefits. It examines claims that ecotourism minimizes the negative impacts of mass tourism and contributes to environmental preservation. The document questions whether ecotourism achieves these goals in practice or is a viable solution to environmental problems, given issues with implementation and regulations in areas where ecotourism programs operate.
Presentation made to Environmental Professionals of Sri Lanka Renton123
The document discusses sustainable tourism options for Sri Lanka and proposes ways to ensure social and economic benefits. It notes trends like Asia becoming a major tourism hub and travelers seeking authentic experiences. It advocates developing niche tourism that respects communities and environment through low-impact accommodations and activities. Tourism can benefit communities through jobs and conservation if managed well with strict protection of natural and cultural assets.
The Development Of Sustainability In The Tourism IndustrySheena Crouch
The document discusses the development of sustainability in the tourism industry, specifically focusing on tour operations. It aims to measure awareness levels and current practices that have enabled sustainable development. Tour operators combine travel services and sell packaged tours. This study aims to recognize plans that have enabled tour operators to remain profitable despite competition. Undifferentiated products and small margins characterize many British tour operators, with companies like Thomson, Airtours, and First Choice dominating the market.
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International Organisations And Development Of TourismPatricia Johnson
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2. Content of this
presentation…
Introduction to tourism
The impacts of tourism
Economic impacts of tourism
defining ecotourism
Tourism concepts and
applications
Reference
4. First Definition for Tourism
The first definition of tourism was made by Guyer Feuler in 1905.
UNWTO Definition of Tourism
"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business and other purposes."
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
5. Tourism is different from travel
In order for tourism to happen, there must be a displacement
But all travel is not tourism.
Three criteria are used simultaneously in order to characterize a trip as
belonging to tourism:
It involves a displacement outside the usual environment:
Type of purpose: the travel must occur for any purpose different from being
remunerated from within the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism was
restricted to recreation and visiting family and friends are now expanded to
include a vast array of purposes;
Duration: only a maximal duration is mentioned, not a minimal. Tourism
displacement can be with or without an overnight stay.
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
6. Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.
The World Tourism Organization defines
tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes".
Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity.
In 2011, there were over 983 million international tourist arrivals worldwide,
representing a growth of 4.6% when compared to 940 million in 2010.
International tourism receipts grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2011,
corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
7. In 2011, international travel demand continued to recover from the losses
resulting from the late-2000s recession, where tourism suffered a strong
slowdown from the second half of 2008 through the end of 2009.
After a 5% increase in the first half of 2008, growth in international tourist
arrivals moved into negative territory in the second half of 2008, and ended
up only 2% for the year, compared to a 7% increase in 2007.
The negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries
due to the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide
decline of 4.2% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and a
5.7% decline in international tourism receipts.
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
8. In 1994, the United Nations classified
three forms of tourism in its
Recommendations on Tourism
Statistics:
Domestic tourism, involving residents of
the given country traveling only within
this country.
Inbound tourism, involving non-
residents traveling in the given country.
Outbound tourism, involving residents
traveling in another country.R'tist @ Tourism, PU
9. World tourism statistics and rankings
Most-visited countries by international tourist arrivals
The World Tourism Organization reports the following ten countries as the
most visited in terms of the number of international travellers. In 2011,
Turkey overtook the UK to become the sixth most visited country.
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
10. International tourism receipts
International tourism receipts grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in
2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010.
The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the
top ten tourism earners for the year 2011, with the United States by far
the top earner
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
11. International tourism expenditure
The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the
top ten biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 2011.
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
14. CLASSIFYING TOURISTS
By Product
Mass Tourism: Package tour
Alternative Tourism: Ecotourism
By nature of the activity
Active: Adventure tourism,
Ecotourism, Golf
Passive: Sightseeing, Beach, Cruise
Location preference
Coastal, Rural, City, Mountains,
Lakes
Duration of trip
Day trip, weekend trip, annual
holiday
Psychographic
Allocentric
Mid-centric
Psychocentric
By age/socio-economic group
Backpackers
DINKS
SINKS
Empty Nesters
Boomers
Youths
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
15. Tourist Typologies
Dalen (1989)
Traditional Materialists
Traditional Idealists
Modern Materialists
Modern Idealists
American Express (1989)
Adventurers
Worries
Dreamers
Economizers
Indulgers
Valene Smith
Explorers
Elite Tourists
Offbeat tourists
Unusual tourists
Incipient mass tourists
Mass Tourists
Perreault &Dorden (1979)
Budget tourists
Adventure tourists
Homebody tourists
Vacationer
Moderates
Cohen (1972)
Recreational tourists
Diversionary tourists
Experimental tourists
Experiential tourists
Existential tourists
Gray (1970)
Wanderlust
Sunlust
Plog (1977)
Psychocentric
Allocentric
Peters Inventory of Tourist attractions
Cultural attractions
Traditional attractions
Scenic attractions
Entertainment attractions
Other attractions
Iso Ahola
Push-Pull Factors
Cooper Tourism Demand
Life Cycle Factors
Life style FactorsR'tist @ Tourism, PU
16. Tourism Theories
Leiper’s Tourism System Model (1990)
Stanley plog’s model of Destination preferences
Stanley Plog’s psychographics model (1974)
Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC - 1980)
Doxey’s Irritation Index (Irridex - 1975)
Matheison and Wall Travel – Buying Behavior Model (1982)
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
17. Tourism System
Leiper’s model, which was suggested in 1979
and adapted in 1990
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
18. Stanley plog’s Tourist model of Destination
preferences (1980)
Smith(1990) argued that the allocentric-psychocentric model fails to
support the hypothesized association between personality types and
destination preferences.
Litvin (2006) tested Plog’s model by showing that ideal destination and
the destination most recently visited differ.
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
19. Stanley Plog’s psychographics model (1967)
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
Allocentric Near Allocentric
Mid - Centric
Near Psychocentric Psychocentric
22. Matheison and Wall Travel – Buying Behavior Model (1982)
Mathieson and Wall (1982) suggested a linear five-
stage model of travel buying behaviour
R'tist @ Tourism, PU
23. Key Perspectives to Tourism
Tourism impacts are likely to change over time as a
destination area develops (Butler, 1980).
The impacts are also affected by time (when),
location (where) and seasonality.
Tourism impacts also occur beyond the destination.
24. Key Perspectives to Tourism
Tourism also has an impact on tourists themselves.
25. Some Fundamental Truths
about Tourism
1. Tourism consumes resources and creates waste.
2. Tourism has the ability to over-consume resources.
3. Tourism competes with other resource users and
needs to do this to survive.
4. Tourism is private sector dominated.
26. Economic Costs of Tourism
Inflation
Increase in prices of land, houses and food that can
occur as a result of tourism.
Lies heavily on the demand.
27. Economic Costs of Tourism
Leakage
Goes out of the local economy to pay for imported
items, expatriate salaries or franchise fees.
28. Economic Costs of Tourism
Seasonal Character of Jobs
Job (and therefore income) insecurity
No guarantee of employment from one season to the
next
Difficulties in getting training, employment-related
medical benefits, and recognition of their experience
Unsatisfactory housing and working conditions.
32. Ecotourism in Southeast Asia
Malaysia
A leader in national park and nature reserve management
Focus on Natural Ecosystem Management
Combined with ecotourism principles
Taman Negara National Park (West Malaysia)
Sarawak and Sabah on Borneo (East Malaysia)
Benefitted from Malaysia’s growing middle class
Indonesia
Most popular ecotour destination until 1997 political crisis
Focus on Ecotourism to replace agriculture & fishing in nature
reserves
Pro-poor economic development
Initial success has struggles in recent years
Major problems with illegal logging and burning of rainforests to
clear land
35. Tour Group Size
Smallest Average Largest
Group Group Group
Mean 4.5 11.4 24.7
Median 2 8 15
Range 1 - 22 3 - 60 4 - 125
Do you intentionally limit tour group sizes?
Yes 34 (81%) No 8 (19%)
If yes, what is your size limit?
Mean: 14.9
Median: 14.5
Range: 6 - 40
36. Reasons Limiting Tour Group Size – p.1
IMPACTS:
1. Impacts are greater with more than 16 persons
2. To reduce/lessen impact/damage (7)
3. To ensure sustainable impact
4. To minimize cultural concerns/impacts (3)
5. Prevent negative impacts on culturally sensitive areas
6. To minimize environmental impacts (3)
7. To ensure privacy
8. Lower impact from camping
9. We will limit tour size to one person to some pristine environments to
lessen environmental and animal damage
SERVICE:
1. Guides are unable to have personal contact and control the situation
with more than 17 persons
2. More than eight is a mob
3. Ease of handling/controlling smaller groups (2)
4. Some private groups may exceed our maximum
5. Logistics of moving too large a group in the destination region
6. Manageable, yet profitable, size
7. We break our larger groups into smaller groups of four to five persons
each for daily activities
37. Role of Tourism
As an instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and
sustainable human development
Promotes national integration and international understanding and
gives support to local handicrafts and cultural activities
Foreign exchange earnings
Domestic tourism plays a vital role in achieving the national
objectives of promoting social and cultural cohesion and national
integration
Contribution to generation of employment is very high
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University
37
38. Semantic barriers of communication for
Tourism
Lack of common language
Poor vocabulary
Use of jargons
Poor grammar, punctuation
Round about verbiage
Lack of clarity in the message
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University
38
40. Reference list.
by shweta gaur, Data Analyst (Knowledge Resource
Centre) at Azim Premji Foundation on Mar 11, 2011
Reymarie Oohlala, Lobby Ambassador at Pan Pacific
Hotel singapore on Sep 19, 2013 2,244
tofujay on Oct 07, 2012
Ramakrishna Kongalla, Assistant Professor at Indian
Institute of Tourism & Travel Management on Dec 31, 2012
Ramakrishna Kongalla, Assistant Professor at Indian
Institute of Tourism & Travel Management on May 22, 2013
Alan Lew, Professor at Northern Arizona University on Apr
27, 2008
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University
40
Editor's Notes
Economic recession, the impacts of natural disasters such as tropical storms and changing tourism patterns can all have a devastating effect.
Economic recession, the impacts of natural disasters such as tropical storms and changing tourism patterns can all have a devastating effect.
Photos: Guilin and Yunnan, China, by A.A.Lew
Photo: Yunnan, China, by A.A.Lew
Photo: Yunnan, China, by A.A.Lew
Chin, L.M. et al. (2000) Ecotourism in Bako National Park, Borneo: Visitors’ Perspectives on Environmental Impacts and their Management in Journal Of Sustainable Tourism. Vol. 8 (1), pp. 20-35. Available from: http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jost/008/0020/jost0080020.pdf. Accessed: 28 February 2008.
Borchers, H. (2002) Ecotourism As A Conservation Strategy In Komodo National Park, Indonesia. University Of Auckland, NZ. Available from: http://www.devnet.org.nz/conf2002/papers/Borchers_Henning.pdf. Accessed: 28 February 2008.
Photo: Java, Indonesia, by A.A.Lew
Photo: Balikpapan, Indonesia, by A.A.Lew
Photo: Khumbu, Nepal, by A.A.Lew
Photo: Sarawak, Indonesia, by A.A.Lew