RNA-Seq of Exosomes
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Exosomes represent a novel mode of cell communication, involved in material transport, signal transmission, and gene expression. Studies have found that ncRNAs in exosomes such as miRNAs can mediate communication between diverse cell types, including immune cells. Cellular exchanges of RNA via exosomes contribute to adaptive and innate immune responses, influencing biological reproductive developmental processes and disease onset, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Sequencing technology has advanced successfully to become one of the most used routine tools for life science research. Transcriptome profiling that uses sequencing technologies can supply valuable information. Here we bring you a standardized workflow and protocol for the isolation of exosomes and downstream analysis of exosomal RNA. https://www.cd-genomics.com/exosomal-rna-sequencing.html
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Exosome diagnostic
Exosomes are 30-150 nm tiny vesicles secreted by most cell types in vivo and in vitro. They are found in all body fluids including plasma, serum, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascite fluids, and cultured medium of cell cultures. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and RNA. Evidence has shown that exosomes act as many different roles and functions including eradication of obsolete molecules, intercellular communication, antigen presentation, dissemination of oncogenes from tumor cells, and spread of pathogens such as prions and viruses from one cell to another. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/exosome/services.htm
Medcrave Group - Microfluidic technologies
Exosomes are cell-released small membrane vesicles derived from the endolysosomal pathway with a size range of 30-150 nm. Since the first discovery in 1981, exosomes have been found to be released from various cell types and present in many biological fluids, including blood, urine, erebrospinal fluid and ascites. Significant attention has been focused on exosome molecular components (e.g. roteins, mRNA and miRNA) which have been implicated in a variety of physiological functions and pathological disease states.
Complete the table WHAT QUESTION DOES EACH ANSWER... WHAT IS THE G.pdf
Complete the table
WHAT QUESTION DOES EACH ANSWER... WHAT IS THE GOAL FOR EACH...
Methods
Definition
Question that answers
Draw it
RNA seq
RNA seq or RNA sequencing is the examination of the RNA in a sample using next-generation
sequencing by analyzing the cellular transcriptome of RNA-encoded gene expression patterns.
MeDIP-Seq
MeDIP-Seq is an abbreviation that stands for Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
Sequencing. It is a technique used to examine patterns of DNA methylation in the genome.
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their function. MeDIP-Seq can be used to answer queries such as how DNA methylation
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HM450K
HM450K stands for HumanMethylation450 BeadChip by Illumina. It is a microarray-based
technique used to examine patterns of DNA methylation in the human genome. The device
contains probes that target over 450,000 CpG sites throughout the genome, enabling researchers
to identify methylated or unmethylated regions of the genome. HM450K can be used to answer
such queries as how DNA methylation patterns differ between healthy and diseased tissues, how
they change over time, and how they are influenced by the environment.
Mass Spec
The technique of mass spectrometry (MS) is used to analyze molecules based on their mass-to-
charge ratio. Utilized frequently in proteomics research to identify and quantify proteins in
biological samples. The method entails ionizing the sample molecules, separating them
according to their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting them with a mass spectrometer. MS can be
used to determine which proteins are present in a biological sample, how much of each is
present, and how they interact.
EMSA
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay stands for EMSA. It is a technique utilized to investigate
protein-DNA interactions. A labeled DNA probe is incubated with a protein extract from cells or
tissues, followed by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel. If the protein binds to the DNA
probe, its electrophoretic mobility on the gel will change. EMSA can be used to determine which
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Exosomes are cell-released small membrane vesicles derived from the endolysosomal pathway with a size range of 30-150 nm. Since the first discovery in 1981, exosomes have been found to be released from various cell types and present in many biological fluids, including blood, urine, erebrospinal fluid and ascites. Significant attention has been focused on exosome molecular components (e.g. roteins, mRNA and miRNA) which have been implicated in a variety of physiological functions and pathological disease states.
Complete the table WHAT QUESTION DOES EACH ANSWER... WHAT IS THE G.pdf
Complete the table
WHAT QUESTION DOES EACH ANSWER... WHAT IS THE GOAL FOR EACH...
Methods
Definition
Question that answers
Draw it
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sequenced. This enables researchers to identify methylated regions of the genome and investigate
their function. MeDIP-Seq can be used to answer queries such as how DNA methylation
influences gene expression, how it varies between cell types or tissues, and how it responds to
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contains probes that target over 450,000 CpG sites throughout the genome, enabling researchers
to identify methylated or unmethylated regions of the genome. HM450K can be used to answer
such queries as how DNA methylation patterns differ between healthy and diseased tissues, how
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biological samples. The method entails ionizing the sample molecules, separating them
according to their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting them with a mass spectrometer. MS can be
used to determine which proteins are present in a biological sample, how much of each is
present, and how they interact.
EMSA
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay stands for EMSA. It is a technique utilized to investigate
protein-DNA interactions. A labeled DNA probe is incubated with a protein extract from cells or
tissues, followed by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel. If the protein binds to the DNA
probe, its electrophoretic mobility on the gel will change. EMSA can be used to determine which
proteins bind to a particular DNA sequence, as well as to investigate the kinetics and specificity
of protein-DNA interactions. This technique is frequently employed in the field of transcriptional
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Whole Genome Sequencing
Virilizer (Vir), first isolated from Drosophila melanogaster, plays a role in sex determination. In humans, its homologue and METTL3 are involved in N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) writing. As m6A of mRNA is an important process in most eukaryotes, it is very important to understand its role and the status of factors accompanying this modification. Whole genome sequencing enables genome-wide mutation profiling in the viral mutant of Arabidopsis. https://www.cd-genomics.com/whole-genome-sequencing.html https://www.cd-genomics.com/whole-genome-sequencing.html
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posterior end may be bluntly rounded or pointed; sometimes it is tapered to a point or it may be long and filiform. Nematode identification is needed for the purposes of understanding nematode diversity, designing efficient management strategies, avoiding spreading of exotic nematodes in quarantine materials. So many methods of nematode identification has been generated over decades. Most of them are based on morphology which is also comes under classical identification techniques, but with the up-gradation of science several methods has been evolved. Among them different techniques has been mentioned here which are mainly based on the molecular tools for identification of the nematodes in a molecular level.
Extracellular RNA Communication: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapies
The document summarizes work from the Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium (ERCC) on extracellular RNA (exRNA). It describes how exRNA profiles differ between biofluids like plasma, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For example, over 60% of RNA in plasma is YRNA. It also highlights studies from the ERCC on the biogenesis of exRNAs, their potential as biomarkers for diseases like glioblastoma, and therapies using exosomes from stem cells which rescued mice from lethal liver failure.
Analysis of gene expression
Gene expression can be analyzed by determining mRNA levels and analyzing proteins. mRNA levels are usually determined by hybridizing probes to mRNA or cDNA, as in Northern blots which separate mRNA by size, or microarrays which analyze thousands of genes simultaneously. Protein analysis includes ELISA and Western blots to detect specific proteins, and proteomics uses techniques like gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to study the entire proteome.
Non Coding RNA.pdf
This document discusses non-coding RNA and its important regulatory roles. It notes that while RNA was originally thought to only act as a messenger between DNA and protein, recent evidence shows extensive transcription of non-coding sequences and diverse biological functions of non-coding RNA beyond information transfer. Different types of non-coding RNA are involved in fundamental cellular processes as well as higher-level regulatory functions. Studies have found thousands of non-coding transcripts expressed in complex organisms, and non-coding RNA is emerging as a key player in gene regulation.
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Genomic Technologies for Biomarker Discovery
Biomarkers can be classified into two major groups, disease-related and drug-related biomarkers. Disease-related biomarkers are very helpful for clinical stratification, identification of patients within the general population, disease staging, and evaluation of the likely outcome of disease. In contrast,drug-related biomarkers are biological or clinical characteristics that provide valuable information on prognosis and survival after therapeutic intervention. Such predictive factors can be employed to identify subgroups of patients who are most likely to respond to a given treatment, to create a treatment plan, and to assess the efficacy, adverse reactions, and complications of therapy. An ideal biomarker should be easily, specifically, stably, and inexpensively measured in a noninvasive or minimally invasive way with high analytical specificity and sensitivity. https://www.cd-genomics.com/chip-seq.html
Whole Genome Sequencing
Virilizer (Vir), first isolated from Drosophila melanogaster, plays a role in sex determination. In humans, its homologue and METTL3 are involved in N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) writing. As m6A of mRNA is an important process in most eukaryotes, it is very important to understand its role and the status of factors accompanying this modification. Whole genome sequencing enables genome-wide mutation profiling in the viral mutant of Arabidopsis. https://www.cd-genomics.com/whole-genome-sequencing.html https://www.cd-genomics.com/whole-genome-sequencing.html
Data Analysis of 16S 18S ITS Amplicon Sequencing Results.pdf
16S/18S/ITS Amplicon Sequencing provides rapid, easy and effective access to the exploration of microbial identification, diversity and classifications in complex communities, considering the majority of natural microorganisms can not be isolated and cultured clonally. The genetic materials are easy to recover from environmental samples, and the NGS technology greatly advances and perfects the metagenomics studies. https://www.cd-genomics.com/16s-18s-its-amplicon-sequencing.html
Sequencing-based Genotyping Assays
Sequencing-based genotyping assays bring genotyping and genomics research to a crossroads. CD Genomics, as an advanced genomics service provider, has equipped sequencing-based genotyping technologies as well as SNP array services for our global customers. We deliver SNP and SNV discovery, genotype screening, and subsequent association analysis results, dedicated to facilitating research in pharmacogenomics, molecular breeding, genetics, and more. https://www.cd-genomics.com/snp-microarray.html
Data Analysis of 16S 18S ITS Amplicon Sequencing Results
16S/18S/ITS Amplicon Sequencing provides rapid, easy, and effective access to the exploration of microbial identification, diversity and classifications in complex communities, considering the majority of natural microorganisms can not be isolated and cultured clonally. The genetic materials are easy to recover from environmental samples, and the NGS technology greatly advances and perfects the metagenomics studies. https://www.cd-genomics.com/16S-18S-ITS-Amplicon-Sequencing.html
How to Sequence the lmmune Repertoire
The adaptive immune system plays an extremely important role in fighting against pathogens and cancers as well as protecting the body. The basis of the adaptive immune system is fundamentally dependent on the great diversity of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs) that recognize epitopes from a large variety of exogenous antigens and endogenous factors. T cells and B cells are the two major cell populations of the adaptive immune system, which are key measures of immune complexity. Meanwhile, the complementary determining region (CDR) exists in pounTCR and BCR, containing CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, with CDR3 being the most variable and playing a significant role in antigen recognition. The study of immune repertoire is essential to understanding the immune profile. It ultimately reveals the discovery of new infection factors and potentially aids the development of antibodies/vaccines, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. https://www.cd-genomics.com/Immune-Repertoire-Sequencing.html
Our Comprehensive Agrigenomics Solutions
CD Genomics is dedicated to providing a comprehensive list of genomics and microarray solutions for agriculture, including genome, exome, transcriptome, and metagenome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and targeted sequencing and genotyping that focus on a subset of regions or genes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). https://www.cd-genomics.com/Whole-Genome-Sequencing.html
Microbial Identification
Traditional culture-dependent microorganism identification methods lean heavily on morphology, physiology, pathology, and biochemical testing, which are time consuming and labor-intensive. The advances of genetic technologies in recent decades have shined a light on microbial identification and promoted the soaring of microbiota research and the progress of medical science. https://www.cd-genomics.com/microbioseq/microseq-microbial-identification.html
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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
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https://ashpc.eu/
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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Complex titration with EDTA.
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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
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RNA-Seq of Exosomes
- 1. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles featuring a double-layer lipid membrane structure, 30-150 nm in size. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes into body fluids, which play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and DNA. The delivery of their cargo RNA molecules is a mainstream hypothesis to explain biological effects. Exosomes hold high potential in sev- eral ongoing preclinical and clinical studies, such as disease biomarkers development, early diagnosis, recur- rence detection, drug resistance detection, and drug use guidance. Sequencing technology has advanced successfully to become one of the most used routine tools for life science research. Transcriptome profiling that uses sequencing technologies can supply valuable information. Here we bring you a standardized workflow and protocol for the isolation of exo- somes and downstream analysis of exosomal RNA. Workflow for RNA-Seq of Exosomes Exosomes have been detected in almost all eukaryotic fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, and cell culture media. Sample Preparations The Characterizations of Exosomes Bioinformatics Analysis Exosome Enrichment and Isolation RNA Sequencing Exosomes are derived from the endosomal system, and the molecular mech- anisms of biogenesis include ESCRT-dependent and -independent biogene- sis processes. It has been found that certain exosomes are highly enriched in ncRNA and are involved in initiating the process of exosome biosynthesis, re- lease, and uptake. In some cases, exosomes are transported to more distant sites even if neighboring cells can interact with or utilize them. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the differences in exosomal RNA content to study vari- ous mechanisms involved in exosome biogenesis and uptake. CD Genomics is a preeminent service provider specialized in exosome RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Based on cutting-edge platforms, we deliver end-to-end services with more usable reads from low input RNA and in-depth scientific and technical support. Our scientists help you discover new classes of exo- some-based RNA biomarkers and the hidden potential in biological data, predict potential functions and pat- terns of interactions between pathways, and reveal intercellular signaling communication mechanisms. – From Exosome Isolation to Bioinformatics Analysis Exosome RNA Sequencing The Broad Prospects of Exosome Transcriptome Research Exosome Biogenesis & Uptake Research The Heterogeneity of Exosomes Different exosome populations are highly diverse in their cellular origins, bio- genesis, sizes, functions, cargos, or membrane markers, suggesting distinct roles in biology and therapeutic applications. Studying the intrinsic heteroge- neity of exosomes may facilitate the study of exosome subpopulation classifi- cation and interactions. The Functions of Exosomes Exosomes represent a novel mode of cell communication, involved in materi- al transport, signal transmission, and gene expression. Studies have found that ncRNAs in exosomes such as miRNA can mediate communication be- tween diverse cell types, including immune cells. Cellular exchanges of RNA via exosomes contribute to adaptive and innate immune responses, influenc- ing biological reproductive developmental processes and disease onset, in- cluding cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Clinical Application of Exosomes Exosome-encapsulated RNAs have been shown to act as highly specific bio- markers for a variety of pathological conditions and may contribute to tumori- genesis and metastasis. Diagnostic development and liquid biopsy biomarker screening and validation studies are now frequently facilitated by content analysis of exosomal RNAs (various small non-coding RNA, lncRNA and mRNA fragments) from a large number of samples. Exosome isolation is based on the size, density, and content of surface proteins. The two most frequently used approaches for the isolation of exosomes involved extraction kits and ultracen- trifugation. Commercial extraction kits provide a simple and straightforward method for exosome isolation. Ultracentrifuga- tion allows the achievement of highly purified exosomes, while it is a lengthy and difficult process. Exosome identification is necessary to distinguish exosomes from other vesicles and macromolecular protein complexes. Exosome identification mainly uses transmission electron mi- croscopy (TEM) depending on its morphological characteristics, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) relying on sizes and con- centrations, and Western blot (WB) for detecting signature pro- teins. Exosomes contain microRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNA, and ncRNAs in different subsets. Long RNA, including lncRNA and mRNA, can be detected simultaneously by whole transcrip- tome sequencing. Small RNA sequencing can detect miRNA, siRNA, and other endogenous small RNA. It starts with library construction for sequencing, including exosomal small RNA library, long RNA sequencing library, and exosomal total RNA library. Exosomal RNA length distribution and quantitative analysis, dif- ferential exosomal RNA expression analysis, exosomal RNA and binding site prediction, GO and KEGG pathway analysis, interactive network analysis, coding-non-coding genes co-ex- pression network analysis, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analysis. Contact CD Genomics for more inspiration and service content.