Demonstration/Exploitation event of H2020 CarE-Service project about the circularity on techno-polymers, describing recycling processes and results obtained during the project
Presentation of the main ideas and first results of the European Project CarE-Service.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
Requirements for generalization of the approach to EU industryOlgaRodrguezLargo
Identifying some criteria to generalize the results of a research project on the Circular Economy on a European scale requires a broader competence on products end of life products combined with an ability to predict which will be the most relevant trend lines that will influence the technologies and economic dynamics of products end of life in the coming years.
This deliverable highlights that there various types of criteria: some are of a general nature, cross-cutting and allow the project to be strengthened in terms of its European value, while others are more specific and expendable on the three specific value chains that, by integrating them, have surely more chances to be recognized and appreciated in European terms.
The work is not limited to a mere statement of general criteria, but also provides some examples and operating suggestions for the transformation of these European criteria for valid operational suggestions for future activities of CarE-Service project.
Position paper for standardization and legislation of battery value chain of ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
This report analyzes the state of the art of the current legislation and standard regulations in general concerning technical and legal requirements, together with safety issues, relative to disassembly and re-manufacturing, transportation and storage of reusable/recyclable parts and components, extended producer responsibility (EPR) regarding new parts and products put on the market. These topics were mainly focused on the batteries value chain by identifying limits and barriers of the current legislation and standard regulations for the development of CarE Service project, and furthermore by elaborating proposals to remove these limits and barriers with the clear indications of potential benefit associated.
The contents of this report were used to elaborate this deliverable as a formal position paper with proposals on legislation and standard regulations to be submitted to the relevant European stakeholders (CEN- CENELEC, Standardization Committee, National and Regional Authorities, European Commission).
This report is a living and dynamic document due to the upcoming changes in the EU regulations for the revision of the Battery Directive, the ELV Directive and the battery sustainability initiatives.
Thus, this is the first version, potentially upgradeable up to the end of the CarE-Service project.
Demonstration/Exploitation event of H2020 CarE-Service project about the circularity on techno-polymers, describing recycling processes and results obtained during the project
Presentation of the main ideas and first results of the European Project CarE-Service.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
Requirements for generalization of the approach to EU industryOlgaRodrguezLargo
Identifying some criteria to generalize the results of a research project on the Circular Economy on a European scale requires a broader competence on products end of life products combined with an ability to predict which will be the most relevant trend lines that will influence the technologies and economic dynamics of products end of life in the coming years.
This deliverable highlights that there various types of criteria: some are of a general nature, cross-cutting and allow the project to be strengthened in terms of its European value, while others are more specific and expendable on the three specific value chains that, by integrating them, have surely more chances to be recognized and appreciated in European terms.
The work is not limited to a mere statement of general criteria, but also provides some examples and operating suggestions for the transformation of these European criteria for valid operational suggestions for future activities of CarE-Service project.
Position paper for standardization and legislation of battery value chain of ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
This report analyzes the state of the art of the current legislation and standard regulations in general concerning technical and legal requirements, together with safety issues, relative to disassembly and re-manufacturing, transportation and storage of reusable/recyclable parts and components, extended producer responsibility (EPR) regarding new parts and products put on the market. These topics were mainly focused on the batteries value chain by identifying limits and barriers of the current legislation and standard regulations for the development of CarE Service project, and furthermore by elaborating proposals to remove these limits and barriers with the clear indications of potential benefit associated.
The contents of this report were used to elaborate this deliverable as a formal position paper with proposals on legislation and standard regulations to be submitted to the relevant European stakeholders (CEN- CENELEC, Standardization Committee, National and Regional Authorities, European Commission).
This report is a living and dynamic document due to the upcoming changes in the EU regulations for the revision of the Battery Directive, the ELV Directive and the battery sustainability initiatives.
Thus, this is the first version, potentially upgradeable up to the end of the CarE-Service project.
A circular economy model for electric vehicles batteries by StellantisOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by Stellantis about circular economy model for electric vehicles in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
Circular Economy holistic approach for used batteries of electric and hybrid-...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Demonstration/Exploitation event of H2020 CarE-Service Project about circular economy holistic approach for used batteries of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles
New battery Regulation Opportunities and Criticalities by COBATOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by COBAT about the new battery regulation opportunities and criticalities in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
Requirements for innovative services and business modelsOlgaRodrguezLargo
This deliverable reports the identification of stakeholder requirements, specifications and KPIs at B2B and B2C level collected through a wide consultation of consumers, service companies and industrial stakeholders.
To this aim, diverse methods of data collection were performed including:
• Detailed interviews not only with all industrial partners in the CarE- Service consortium but also with the support of the project stakeholder group and other relevant companies in the value chain.
• Comprehensive consultation with some members of the project consumer committee and additional consumer associations.
• Exploratory open-ended discussions in the form of focus groups with diverse themes of B2C requirements for future sustainable/circular business models and services.
• European Survey of consumers’ view on non-ownership and
electrification in mobility services.
• Literature review on the state of the art of mobility services and car sharing business models
Thanks to the above data collection channels, the business model and service engineering requirements and KPIs were identified and quantified, where possible, categorized in following six value chains:
•
• B2B Business models:
- Battery re-use value chain
- Metal re-use value chain
- Techno-polymer re-use value chain
- Business model of the ICT Platform
- Business model of the SMMs
• B2C Business models
Innovative community platform for the re-use, re-manufacturing and recycling ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Demonstration event of the H2020 CarE-Service project about the ICT Platform created during the project for the re-use, re-manufacturing and recycling of metals, techno-polymers and batteries in automotive
Presentation of Electric Vehicles battery packs redesign results obtained within the framework of CarE-Service European Project.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
CarE-Service Project: Introduction general overview and objectives OlgaRodrguezLargo
Introduction, general overview and objectives of H2020 Project CarE-Service, project demonstrating innovative circular economy business models of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (E&HEVs) that will boost electric mobility services in Europe.
This project has received funding from the European Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 776851
Requirements for generalization of the approach to EU industryOlgaRodrguezLargo
This presentation shows the vision of CarE-Service project of the different European scenarios trying to understand which are the actual drivers able to make the value chains of end of life components and materials in electric and hybrid vehicles (batteries, metals, techno-polymers) the most exploitable possible.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
Requirements for innovative services and business modelsOlgaRodrguezLargo
This presentation identify requirements for various stakeholders relevant for creation of innovative services and business models for electric and hybrid vehicles developed in CarE-Service Project.
Define requirements on:
1. B2B level through elaboration on the three main reuse chains: batteries, metals and techno-polymers.
2. B2C level through elaboration on car sharing/renting services.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
European Green Cars Initiative Projects HELIOS Final Paper (2014)Andrew Gelston
European Green Cars Initiative Projects-
Helios Final Paper with the objectives of
Evaluating the performances of 4 positive electrode (NCA, LMO blend, LFP & NMC/ Graphite anode)
Comparative assessment of Performance (12- 15 months cycling tests) life, cost, recycling and safety characteristics
Closing the loop: Disassembly, Testing, Remanufacturing, Second Life and Recy...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation Closing the loop: Disassembly, Testing, Remanufacturing, Second Life and Recycling by Envirobat & CSIC during the last Exploitation Webinar held on 25th November 2021
This presentation collects the analysis and specification of re-use value-chains in automotive sector, specifically for electric and hybrid vehicles. It includes:
• The definition of the current State of Art of recycling processes in automotive sector (techno-polymer and metallic components) and for Li- ion batteries.
• The identification of standards and regulations currently impacting and/or limiting the proposal of innovative solutions for end-of-life E&HEVs.
• The preliminary analysis and detection of guidelines for the re- design of products in order to make them easily disassemblable, re- usable and/or recyclable.
• The collection of possible innovative solutions to be developed during CarE-Service project.
• The identification of general requirements of processes, necessary for their application in real life.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851
Presentation of the main ideas and first results of the European Project CarE-Service in the Women Day in Castilla La Mancha University (UCLM).
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
This document brings together a set
of latest data points and publicly
available information relevant for
Manufacturing Industry. We are very
excited to share this content and
believe that readers will benefit from
this periodic publication immensely.
The point of view of automotive remanufacturing operators by APRA EuropeOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by APRA Europe about the point of view of automotive remanufacturing operators in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
This report presents a preliminary analysis of the three re-use value-chains (battery, metals and techno-polymers) of CarE-Service Project in order to derive specific process requirements to be furtherly implemented and demonstrated.
The main objective is to propose an optimal management of End of Life (EoL) Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (E&HEV), requiring proper technologies and ad hoc processes. The aim is the reduction of wasted materials in landfills or incinerators and the recovery of components with residual properties as re-used products or chemical compounds as secondary raw materials. In particular, the automotive target parts are:
batteries, representing the main innovation in E&HEVs;
techno-polymers, whose amount is increased to reduce the wholeweight of E&HEVs;
and metals.
To properly derive robust requirements addressing real needs for future sustainability, a great effort has been spent involving all relevant actors for the development of innovative technical solutions for future services at all supply chain levels. Therefore, State of Art analysis and in-depth interviews have been carried out with the key-players of the future de-manufacturing value-chains. Once collected all the information, several potential scenarios have been analysed and detailed schemes of the three main value-chains have been defined.
Finally, an in-sight view of the current re-design practices and European laws and directives addressing the EoL of automotive products is drawn to identify the limits concretely bounding the market exploitation of CarE-Service results.
A circular economy model for electric vehicles batteries by StellantisOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by Stellantis about circular economy model for electric vehicles in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
Circular Economy holistic approach for used batteries of electric and hybrid-...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Demonstration/Exploitation event of H2020 CarE-Service Project about circular economy holistic approach for used batteries of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles
New battery Regulation Opportunities and Criticalities by COBATOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by COBAT about the new battery regulation opportunities and criticalities in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
Requirements for innovative services and business modelsOlgaRodrguezLargo
This deliverable reports the identification of stakeholder requirements, specifications and KPIs at B2B and B2C level collected through a wide consultation of consumers, service companies and industrial stakeholders.
To this aim, diverse methods of data collection were performed including:
• Detailed interviews not only with all industrial partners in the CarE- Service consortium but also with the support of the project stakeholder group and other relevant companies in the value chain.
• Comprehensive consultation with some members of the project consumer committee and additional consumer associations.
• Exploratory open-ended discussions in the form of focus groups with diverse themes of B2C requirements for future sustainable/circular business models and services.
• European Survey of consumers’ view on non-ownership and
electrification in mobility services.
• Literature review on the state of the art of mobility services and car sharing business models
Thanks to the above data collection channels, the business model and service engineering requirements and KPIs were identified and quantified, where possible, categorized in following six value chains:
•
• B2B Business models:
- Battery re-use value chain
- Metal re-use value chain
- Techno-polymer re-use value chain
- Business model of the ICT Platform
- Business model of the SMMs
• B2C Business models
Innovative community platform for the re-use, re-manufacturing and recycling ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Demonstration event of the H2020 CarE-Service project about the ICT Platform created during the project for the re-use, re-manufacturing and recycling of metals, techno-polymers and batteries in automotive
Presentation of Electric Vehicles battery packs redesign results obtained within the framework of CarE-Service European Project.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
CarE-Service Project: Introduction general overview and objectives OlgaRodrguezLargo
Introduction, general overview and objectives of H2020 Project CarE-Service, project demonstrating innovative circular economy business models of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (E&HEVs) that will boost electric mobility services in Europe.
This project has received funding from the European Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 776851
Requirements for generalization of the approach to EU industryOlgaRodrguezLargo
This presentation shows the vision of CarE-Service project of the different European scenarios trying to understand which are the actual drivers able to make the value chains of end of life components and materials in electric and hybrid vehicles (batteries, metals, techno-polymers) the most exploitable possible.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
Requirements for innovative services and business modelsOlgaRodrguezLargo
This presentation identify requirements for various stakeholders relevant for creation of innovative services and business models for electric and hybrid vehicles developed in CarE-Service Project.
Define requirements on:
1. B2B level through elaboration on the three main reuse chains: batteries, metals and techno-polymers.
2. B2C level through elaboration on car sharing/renting services.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
European Green Cars Initiative Projects HELIOS Final Paper (2014)Andrew Gelston
European Green Cars Initiative Projects-
Helios Final Paper with the objectives of
Evaluating the performances of 4 positive electrode (NCA, LMO blend, LFP & NMC/ Graphite anode)
Comparative assessment of Performance (12- 15 months cycling tests) life, cost, recycling and safety characteristics
Closing the loop: Disassembly, Testing, Remanufacturing, Second Life and Recy...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation Closing the loop: Disassembly, Testing, Remanufacturing, Second Life and Recycling by Envirobat & CSIC during the last Exploitation Webinar held on 25th November 2021
This presentation collects the analysis and specification of re-use value-chains in automotive sector, specifically for electric and hybrid vehicles. It includes:
• The definition of the current State of Art of recycling processes in automotive sector (techno-polymer and metallic components) and for Li- ion batteries.
• The identification of standards and regulations currently impacting and/or limiting the proposal of innovative solutions for end-of-life E&HEVs.
• The preliminary analysis and detection of guidelines for the re- design of products in order to make them easily disassemblable, re- usable and/or recyclable.
• The collection of possible innovative solutions to be developed during CarE-Service project.
• The identification of general requirements of processes, necessary for their application in real life.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851
Presentation of the main ideas and first results of the European Project CarE-Service in the Women Day in Castilla La Mancha University (UCLM).
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
This document brings together a set
of latest data points and publicly
available information relevant for
Manufacturing Industry. We are very
excited to share this content and
believe that readers will benefit from
this periodic publication immensely.
The point of view of automotive remanufacturing operators by APRA EuropeOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation by APRA Europe about the point of view of automotive remanufacturing operators in the Final CarE-Service Exploitation webinar held on 25th November 2021
This report presents a preliminary analysis of the three re-use value-chains (battery, metals and techno-polymers) of CarE-Service Project in order to derive specific process requirements to be furtherly implemented and demonstrated.
The main objective is to propose an optimal management of End of Life (EoL) Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (E&HEV), requiring proper technologies and ad hoc processes. The aim is the reduction of wasted materials in landfills or incinerators and the recovery of components with residual properties as re-used products or chemical compounds as secondary raw materials. In particular, the automotive target parts are:
batteries, representing the main innovation in E&HEVs;
techno-polymers, whose amount is increased to reduce the wholeweight of E&HEVs;
and metals.
To properly derive robust requirements addressing real needs for future sustainability, a great effort has been spent involving all relevant actors for the development of innovative technical solutions for future services at all supply chain levels. Therefore, State of Art analysis and in-depth interviews have been carried out with the key-players of the future de-manufacturing value-chains. Once collected all the information, several potential scenarios have been analysed and detailed schemes of the three main value-chains have been defined.
Finally, an in-sight view of the current re-design practices and European laws and directives addressing the EoL of automotive products is drawn to identify the limits concretely bounding the market exploitation of CarE-Service results.
Electric Mobility and Development Worldbank UITP EVConsultEVConsult
The report, prepared by the World Bank and UITP—the International Association of Public Transport, and ESMAP—the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, lays out basic principles for eMobility programs that respond to the climate, economic, fiscal, technical, institutional, and policy circumstances of different countries.
A report commissioned by T&E and Greenpeace suggests the EU can more than halve its existing carbon dioxide emissions from new cars with existing technology. The report, by Ricardo-AEA, says the right mixture of electric, hybrid and conventionally-fuelled cars will enable Europe to reach a target of 60 grams per kilometre from the average new car in 2025.
In 2011, the average emissions from new cars sold in the EU was 136 g/km. A 95g target has been set for 2020, although MEPs and ministers are still working out how this will be achieved. The USA aims to halve emissions from new cars by 2025 and environmental campaigners are keen to ensure the EU matches America’s level of ambition.
The T&E/Greenpeace study shows that a target of 60g could be achieved if up to 24% of new vehicles were electric, another 24% hybrids and the remaining 52% conventional (petrol and diesel) cars. A target of 70g would require only a modest share of electric cars (7%), which is at the very low-end of conservative market projections for electric vehicles by 2025. The remainder would come from hybrids (22%) and conventional petrol/diesel cars (71%). A supporting briefing prepared by T&E shows that the costs of technology are likely to be paid back within a few years.
T&E cars officer Greg Archer said: ‘This report helps bring some clarity about what can be achieved with existing technology and with a modest boost from sales of electric cars. Setting a 2025 target now will give the industry the regulatory certainty it needs to invest in electric alternatives now.”
The energy efficiency is the possibility and ability to carry out a production
process consume with the involves of less energy and minor environmental impact.
Life Cycle Assessment is one of the major tools involved in the economic, social and
environmental evaluation. The aim of this work is the LCA application to an Italian
company that provides to install a photovoltaic plant for the energy self-maintenance,
in order to break down costs and environmental impacts. The photovoltaic business
can be an interesting solution especially for companies which consume more energy
during the day. In the case study was highlighted that an average of 400.00 €/month
was spent, equal to about 900 kWh / month. The company installed a 10 kWp
photovoltaic system and with this implementation the energy consumption diminished
of 84% and the costs of 57%.
Multiple impacts of energy efficiency: approaches, results and insights from ...Leonardo ENERGY
They have long been around: co-, non-energy or multiple benefits of energy efficiency. Latest since 2014 with the IEA report Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency, they also arrived at the heart of political discourse in Europe. What do we know on those multiple impacts at European level, which quantifications are there? What methods can be applied for assessing multiple impacts of future policies, in order to take better informed decisions? Do we have an idea of the size of multiple impacts?
This webinar gives first answers to these questions and introduces participants to the online tool containing all quantifications from the COMBI project (“Calculating and Operationalising the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency in Europe”)
Presently most electrical/electronic equipment (EEE) is not designed for recycling, let alone for circulation. Plastics in these products account for 20% of material use, and through better design, significant environmental and financial savings could be gained.
Technological solutions and circular design opportunities already exist, but they haven’t been implemented yet.
Some challenges, such as ease of disassembly, could be resolved through better communication and by sharing learnings across the value chain.
Instead of WEEE, we should focus on developing CEEE: Circular Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
The case examples of this report show how different stages of the lifecycle can be designed so that plastics circulation becomes possible and makes business sense.
Technologies for circular economy for metal sheets and structural parts by Fr...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation about Technologies for Circular Economy for metal sheets and structural parts by Fraunhofer Institute during the Final Exploitation Webinar held on 25th November 2021
CarE-Service Battery Disassembling, Remanufacturing and Recycling techniques ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation of the disassembling, remanufacturing and recycling techniques in CarE-Service Project during the First Exploitation Webinar of the project held on 9th December 2020 by Envirobat
Presentation of the re-use and remanufacturing of metals components in CarE-Service Project during the First Exploitation Webinar of the project held on 9th December 2020 by Fraunhofer
CarE-Service Techno-polymer recycling by Radici GroupOlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation of the recycling process developed in CarE-Service Project during the First Exploitation Webinar of the project held on 9th December 2020 by Radici Group
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Risk management and identification of side effects
1. Authors: Jean Philippe Salvat (AVIC)
Christophe Pillot (AVIC)
Contributin Authors: Parnia Shafinejad (CNR)
Giacomo Copani (CNR)
Circular economy business models
for innovative hybrid and electric mobility through
advanced reuse and remanufacturing technologies and services
Risk management and identification of side-effects
(Deliverable 2.3)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant No 776851
2. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 1
CNR
Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Italy
LIU Linkopings Universitet Sweden
ENV Envirobat Espana Sl Spain
PROD Prodigentia - Tecnologias De Informacao Sa Portugal
CSIC
Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De
Investigaciones Cientificas
Spain
C-ECO Circular Economy Solutions Gmbh Germany
COBAT Cobat Servizi Italy
FCA Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy Spa Italy
RAD Radici Novacips Spa Italy
IMA
IMA Materialforschung Und
Anwendungstechnik Gmbh
Germany
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung der
Angewandten Forschung E.V.
Germany
AVIC Avicenne Developpement France
CIA Cia Automation And Robotics Srl Italy
EVAI E-Vai Srl Italy
JRC
JRC - Joint Research Centre
European Commission
Belgium
Project Consortium
3. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 2
This deliverable is the work performed under CarE-Service WP2 “New
circular economy business models and service engineering” and reports
outcomes of Task 2.3 “Risk management and identification of side-
effects”. It consists, for business models identified in previous activities
(T2.1 and T2.2), in the systematic characterization of the drawbacks of the
proposed business models and services (i.e. the decrease of revenues
from sales of new vehicles and parts due to the increase of re-use
practices, the environmental impact generated in the new re-use value
chains, etc.). A comprehensive logical framework of interlinked variables
has been built in order to have a complete systematic view on the
identified drawbacks and, on the other side, on the positive impacts of the
realized innovations that can compensate their effect.
The new business model identified during T2.1 and T2.2 is an innovative
car sharing service integrated with other transportation services, provided
through electric vehicles managed in a circular economy logic through
batteries reuse, metal parts remanufacturing and techno-polymers
recycling.
The major side effects of the project will consist in less business for:
- OEMs, due to less cars sold;
- Battery pack suppliers and all the battery supply chain (battery re-use
decrease the need of new batteries);
- Metal parts suppliers and metal works (remanufactured metal parts
will compete new parts);
- Techno-polymeric raw material suppliers (recycled techno-polymers
will compete with virgin raw material).
On the other hand, circular economy in the EV car sharing services will
bring major positive impacts:
- Environmental: less CO2 consumption thanks to EV but also thanks to
less battery production and metal part manufacturing from raw
materials;
- Global cost decrease at all the level of the value-chain: 2nd
life battery,
remanufacturing metal parts and recycled techno-polymer will be
cheaper; EV made with those recycled and remanufactured products
will be cheaper;
- Creation of new business: battery pack dismantling, testing and
remanufacturing, metal part remanufacturing, techno-polymer
recycling, additional business for car dismantler, new logistics
business thanks to the ICT Platform and the Smart Mobile Modules
that will be realized in the project.
This Task provides inputs for the development of economic models that
can be used for the assessment of socio-economic impacts of new circular
business models in T2.4: “Socio-economic simulation of new services and
business models”.
Executive Summary
List of Acronyms
B2B: Business to business
B2C: Business to Consumer
BM: Business Model
CA: Consortium agreement
CC: Consumer Committee
EC: European Commission
EV: Electric vehicle
GA: General Assembly
GA: Grant agreement
IB: Innovation Board
ICT: Information and Communication
Technology
IPR: Intellectual Property Right
NDA: Non-disclosure agreement
PC: Project Coordinator
PM: Project Manager
QAP: Quality Assurance Plan
RD: Dissemination/Exploitation Risk
RI: Implementation/Validation Risk
RO: Organisational Risk
RT: Technological Risk
SC: Steering Committee
SG: Stakeholders’ Group
WP: Work Package
4. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Table of Content
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results: Drawbacks and side effects
3.1. Drawbacks and side-effects of B2C-Mobility
Services
3.2. Side effect and positive impact by actors for
Battery Reuse
3.3. Side effect and positive impact by actors for
Metal Reuse/Remanufacture
4. Conclusion
P. 5
P.11
P.5
P. 4
P.4
P. 9
P.15
P.13
3.4. Side effect and positive impact by actors for
Techno-polymer recycling
5. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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1 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this deliverable is to analyse the side-effects and drawbacks emerging from new circular
business models and mobility services identified in previous project activities (Task 2.1 Task 2.2). Side
effects and drawbacks identify the negative consequences potentially introduced by the new business
models and services.
With this goal, a logical framework of interlinked variables positively and negatively affecting the
performance of new business models and mobility services was elaborated in the B2B circular
scenarios of batteries, metals, techno-polymers, as well as in the B2C scenario of new mobility
services. The systematic identification of those variables allows to include in the overall assessment
of new business models and mobility services not only their benefits, which are the driving reason of
the proposed circular economy approach on electric vehicles, but also their negative consequences,
which might undermine their success. Furthermore, this approach allows to consider interlinks among
positive and negative variables, that are often neglected when taking a specific technological
assessment perspective.
2 METHODOLOGY
The methodology for the identification of drawbacks and side effects consisted of the following steps:
1) First identification of drawbacks and side effects by a restricted group of partners that combined
their multi-disciplinary knowledge to identify drawbacks. In particular, the activity was led by the
partner Avicenne that, by operating as a consulting company in the global market of batteries, could
provide its wide business and marketing intelligence knowledge. CNR contributed in this phase by
proposing a model to exhaustively identify and represent interlinked variables. The model consisted
of two main instruments:
• Tables for the systematic identification of pros and cons of each business scenario for all involved
actors: involved actors in the value chain was the result of D2.1 for B2B business models and D2.2
for B2C business models. Taking an organizational view, the compilation of such tables requires
the systematic and exhaustive analysis of the effects of circular business models and mobility
services. Thus, it supports the analytical identification of all positive and negative consequences
of business models and mobility services;
• Maps of interlinked variables for each industrial scenario, i.e. maps for the representation of
variables determining drawbacks and of their interrelations. Variables in the maps are identified
considering the pros and cons that emerged in the previous tables.
In this first phase of the task, tables and maps were built for the B2B and B2C project scenarios, i.e.
the establishment of circular economy practices in the batteries, metals and techno polymers recovery
streams, as well as the offering of innovative mobility services.
2) The initial proposal of tables and maps was improved and validated including the wider perspective
of OEMs, companies in the recycling and remanufacturing chains, ICT platforms specialists and
logistics providers, in a validation workshop that was organized in the frame of a project General
Assembly (Madrid, 28-30/10/2019). In such a workshop, project partners representing those
perspectives were split in four groups and were requested to comment, improve and validate the
initial proposal. Results of the workshop were used to enlarge the initial framework and to finalise the
maps of drawbacks and side effects. In the next chapter results are presented for each addressed
business scenario.
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3 RESULTS: Drawbacks and side effects
Drawbacks and side effects were analysed for the four main business scenarios addressed in the
project: the offering of innovative mobility services and the establishment of new circular business
models in the battery, metals and techno-polymers recovery chains from electric vehicles.
3.1 Drawbacks and side-effects of B2C-Mobility Services
The new shared mobility services will generate positive impacts for consumer in terms of reduction of
mobility costs and “easy of transportation” due to the integration of all transportation means and
non-ownership model. However, vehicle non-ownership may constitute a drawback for some
customers, since owning a car is still something that many customers prefer. In addition, in general,
sharing models’ risk to limit the “mobility freedom”, i.e. the possibility to move at any time without
planning the trip.
Considering automotive OEMs, increase of sharing transportation would reduce the sales of cars to
private individuals, which is now the main market of car manufacturers. On the other hand, sales of
cars to sharing/renting/fleet companies will increase due to their increased activity. In addition, it can
be expected that customers in this revenue stream will renovate their vehicles more frequently
compared to private citizens, due to their need to offer customers up-to-date vehicles.
From the car sharing/renting companies’ perspective, the diffusion of new mobility services in Europe
will have the positive effect to increase their market and turnover, due to the higher number of
customers that will be served. In addition, according to the CarE-Service goals, the value-added of the
provided services will increase, generating new reasons for strategic differentiation from competitors
and new sources for potential additional profits. However, as a side effect, a higher competition will
be faced not only in the direct market, but also in the use of available resources and infrastructure
needed for operations of electric vehicles (charging stations, energy, maintenance, etc.). Furthermore,
the complexity of the business will considerably increase due to the new circular economy paradigm
in fleets management and to the integration of sharing/renting services into wider integrated service
models including other transportation means (Train, e-bikes, subway, airports).
Taking the perspective of End-Of-Life actors, remanufacturers will mainly face advantages from the
establishment of circular economy-based mobility services. In fact, the introduction of re-
used/remanufactured parts in vehicles as a standard fleets management paradigm will generate
significant market increase for them. However, increased market and the CarE-Service platform will
generate new competition from companies that will enter this sector. Market will increase also from
recyclers’ point of view. In addition, the latter could establish more solid partnerships with OEMs in
order to include recycled materials into fleets vehicles (and new vehicles in general). However, for
recyclers, drawbacks could be faced as a consequence of the wider re-use/remanufacturing approach,
that will prolong the usage of parts before they are recycled. Consequently, parts quality at the
recycling time will be lower and their value reduced. Furthermore, the availability of recyclable parts
will be postponed in time, due to longer use cycles.
Considering the suppliers of new parts for electric vehicles (batteries, metals and techno-polymers),
an evident side-effect of the new business models will be the increased competition of re-
manufactured/re-used parts: the increased future availability of such parts will offer customers the
option to choose between new and not-new (cheaper) parts, with a consequent market reduction for
the first ones. However, on the other hand, producers of new parts could consider the opportunity to
adapt their business to the re-use/remanufacturing market, i.e. producing new parts with higher re-
use/remanufacturing potential and even entering themselves in the new market (becoming producers
of new parts and remanufacturers at the same time).
7. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Dismantlers will potentially increase their business because of the systematic disassembly and
management of high value-added parts of electric vehicles, that at the moment they do not handle
and are not ready to treat. On the other hand, they will have to acquire knowledge on the new electric
vehicles products and will have to modify their sites in order to host disassembly operations that imply
particular attention to safety and ergonomics.
Finally, maintenance companies will benefit from the establishment of the envisaged circular
economy paradigm, since this will imply that vehicles will potentially need more
maintenance/upgrade services. In fact, such a service (prolonging vehicles use life through periodic
remanufacturing and upgrade operations) could represent a new value proposition per se which could
potentially differentiate automotive service providers and increase their market. On the other side,
they will have to invest in order to introduce new technologies and processes to offer structured and
efficient maintenance/upgrade services for electric vehicles, which represent in fact a new product of
higher complexity and with higher safety standards. Indeed, in case maintenance is provided by OEMs,
the reduction of sales of new vehicles could be compensated by the increase of maintenance/upgrade
activities. Table 1 summarises main pros and cons for each involved actor.
In addition to the positive and negative impacts for the various stakeholders, the new mobility services
and circular economy business models will have impacts on the environment and sustainability. For
example:
• The diffusion of electric car sharing will increase environmental sustainability due to lower
emissions and lower number of circulating vehicles (because of higher saturation). However, on
the other side, it will require more energy to be produced.
• Circular economy of electric vehicles will reduce negative environmental impact thanks to re-use,
remanufacturing and recycling but, on the other hands, remanufacturing, recycling and reverse
logistics processes will generate themselves an environmental impact.
• Then, as a side effect, taxes collected by the government on gasoline will decrease.
Combining all this information, the map of side effects of new mobility services and circular business
models is proposed in Fig.1.
In addition to general drawbacks and side-effects above reported, an analysis was carried out to
identify more specific drawbacks and side-effects in the three re-use value chains (batteries, metals
and techno-polymers), considering the peculiarities of the three streams of materials. Information
was collected during a workshop organized in the frame of a project general assembly (in Madrid,
October 2019). In such a workshop, project partners were split in groups based on their competence
and expertise in the three value chains. Results are reported in paragraphs 3.2-3.4.
8. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Table 1. Main pros and cons for actors of the re-use chains (B2C)
Actors Pros Cons (Side effects)
Consumers • Reduced mobility cost
• No vehicle ownership burden
• Losing vehicle ownership
• Reduction of mobility freedom
OEM • Increase sales for fleets (B2B)
• Higher cars substitution rate
• Reduced sales to private
individuals (B2C)
Car sharing companies
& Fleet management
companies
• More customers and market
increase
• Higher added value of provided
services
• More competition as the number
of car-sharing companies increase
• More competition in the use of
resources
• Increased business complexity
Remanufacturers • Increased market for
remanufactured parts
• Higher competition of newcomers
in the remanufacturing business
Recyclers • Increased market for recycled
materials
• Higher integration with OEMs
• Lower value of recycled parts
• Postponement in time availability
of recyclable parts
New part’s providers
(Battery, metal and
techno-polymer)
• Potential integration with
remanufacturing/recycling
businesses
• Higher value of new parts in order to
be remanufactured/recycled
• Competition with remanufactured
parts
Dismantlers • Business opportunities • New knowledge and investments
to manage disassembly of electric
vehicles
Maintenance
companies
• New market and business
opportunities thanks to circular
economy of electric vehicles
• Differentiation from traditional
maintenance providers
• New processes and technologies
(investments) for maintenance
and upgrade of electric vehicles
9. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Figure 1. New car sharing with EVs and services Side effect map
10. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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3.2 Side effect and positive impact by actors for Battery Reuse
Battery re-use could mean different business models:
- Battery pack re-use directly in a new application, typically, stationary application where
energy density is not so important than in the EV business.
- Battery pack and module dismantle, then test the cell, the module, the pack and make a new
pack with old module or old cells.
- Battery pack reuse directly in a car: some cars may need to have a full capacity battery to get
high range but some other cars, used by short-distance driver may need less energy and the
old battery could be enough.
In this regard, Table 2 provides a study of possible drawbacks for each player impacted by the battery
re-use business model.
The main side effect of battery reuse, but also battery recycling, is the business decrease for all the
battery supply chain: Battery suppliers will sale less product. That mean that raw material extractors,
component producers (cathode, anode, electrolyte, separators), cell producers, will all loose
business. On the other hand, pack producer will be less dependent on cell supply chain located mostly
in Asia. Cell suppliers and component suppliers will be less dependent on raw material suppliers and
recycling or reuse batteries is a way to secure the supply chain. Cobalt is mainly extracted in Congo
while Lithium is coming from South America, poor countries in which extraction is also carried out
without proper safety measures and sometimes by children. Then, reuse of battery will reduce CO2
emission coming from battery manufacturing, component manufacturing and raw material extraction.
From the customer perspective there will be economic benefits due to lower battery price whilst,
technically, the durability of charging and discharging rate of the batteries is still doubtful. Customers
can be found in completely new applications (stationary application, e-bikes) or in the same initial
application.
For the OEM, side effects are not clearly identified today as the legislation is not yet known. Depending
on the legislation, OEM could have to warranty the old battery and may be responsible in case of
accident when used in a new application. Again, depending on the future legislation, the OEM may be
not in charge of recycling anymore.
For Fleet management and car sharing, they could be responsible of the battery during the second
life and depending on the legislation may have to manage this. On the other hand, they may benefit
from revenues coming from old batteries.
In the case re-using the battery in the same application, the price of reused parts is lower, but the
lifetime and the range of the car will be lower, too.
For remanufacturers, the re-use of battery has clearly a positive impact as they will have more
business to dismantle the pack, test the elements and repack the battery. On the other hand, as it is
clearly a new business, we will see an increase of the competition due to new remanufacturers
entering the market that could be specialist in batteries, pack dismantlers, OEM, battery testing
companies. Today there are clearly multiple possible business model depending on the level of vertical
integration. Because of battery re-use in a 2nd
life, Recyclers business will be postponed. Logistic
providers will have to face with higher risk for storage and transportation of old batteries. On the
other hand, they will have more business due to increase transportation needs of reverse logistics.
The logistical network (storage, transportation) will have to manage more dangerous product as an
old battery is less safe than a new one. Old battery transport and storage will be more expensive. On
the other hand, more business will be generated due to increase transportation needs of reverse
logistics.
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Actors Pros Cons (Side effects)
Raw material
extractors
• Less business due to both battery
recycling and battery re-use
Cell component
suppliers
• Less dependence on the rare
materials: Cobalt, Lithium…
• Less business due to both battery
recycling and battery re-use
Cell suppliers • Less dependence on the cell
component supply chain
• Less business due to both battery
recycling and battery re-use
Battery pack
suppliers
• Less dependence on cell supply
chain located mostly in Asia
today
• Less business due to both battery
recycling and battery re-use
Customers • Lower price of battery
• Less dependence on the
battery supply chain
• Life time of the battery
OEM (Car
Manufacturer)
• Depending on the future
legislation the OEM will may
be not in charge of recycling
• Manage the proper warranty of the
old battery
Fleet management
companies (B2B)
• Sales of old batteries • Could be responsible of the old
battery during the 2nd life
Car sharing
companies (B2C)
• Sales of old batteries • Could be responsible of the old
battery during the 2nd
life
Remanufacturers • New business: cell, module
and pack test and re-packed
• Competition of new
remanufacturing companies
entering the market
• Investment have to be made to
enter the business
Recyclers • Postpone battery availability for
recycling
Logistics providers
carriers &
transporters
• More business due to increase
transportation needs of
reverse logistics
• More risk related to transport and
storage of old batteries
•
Car Dismantlers • More business if they manage
the battery dismantling
• Invest to create specific areas for
batteries dismantling
Table 2. Main actors’ side-effects table for Reusing Battery (B2B)
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3.3 Side effect and positive impact by actors for Metal parts (Remanufacturing)
Table 3 summarizes pros and cons of new metals remanufacturing business model for involved actors.
New part supplier and steel works and will experience business decrease due to higher use of
remanufactured parts compared to new ones. On the other hand, new parts suppliers may be involved
in the metal part remanufacturing.
Metal raw material suppliers will be penalized due to the lower need of new metals for new products.
but, due to the loss of performance of remanufactured metals, it is are not significantly impacted
because metal parts that are not reused are send for recycling today.
For OEM & car workshop, which are the main target of re-designed concept, there will be an increase
of product portfolio with the aim of new Circular Vehicle design with possibility of upgrading and
maintaining the parts. In addition, there will be a fulfilment of CO2 reduction regulation on
manufacturing the vehicles with using reused and remanufactured parts for OEM. OEM & car
workshop will probably get remanufactured metal parts at lower cost than new parts, but they will
have to deal with less quality.
The consumer may perceive vehicles with lower quality compared to original ones. On the other hand,
the consumer could also benefit indirectly from lower service price offered by the car sharing services
thanks to lower car cost.
Car sharing companies and fleet management will receive benefits with less expensive car.
From the remanufacturing point of view, this type of businesses will be a totally new opportunity to
increase market share and profits: at the moment there is no company doing reforming of automotive
parts for cars. Thus, it will be a completely new business to be undertaken by new players or by car
dismantler themselves. However, those players producing remanufactured metal parts will have to
manage carefully the quality due to intrinsic loss of performance induced by the process.
For Recyclers, they will have to wait longer to source metal parts to be recycled (the business will be
postponed).
Logistics and carriers’ businesses will grow due to the increased request of parts transportation
(reverse logistics and flows among various supply chain actors), supported by the CarE-Service
Platform.
This new business mode will cause a market loss for suppliers of new metal parts, due to the new
circular parts acquisition strategy.
On the other hand, a new business that do not exist today will grow. The metals remanufacturing
business will be carried out by new entrants or existing players like car dismantlers or metal parts
suppliers. Dismantlers will experience benefits and opportunities for increased market share. In
addition, there will also be clear social and environmental benefits due to less raw material
consumption and emissions.
13. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Actors Pros Cons (Side effects)
New parts providers • Could enter the remanufacturing metal
parts business
• Less revenues, new
competitors
Raw material
suppliers
• Lower request of new metals
for new parts due to
competition of
remanufactured parts
Steel works • Less revenues
OEM • Increase the product portfolio: New
car/Vehicles with Circular Economy
purpose
• Reduce the metal part cost
• Fulfillment of future regulations for re-
manufacturing and reduce of CO2
• Parts with lower value and
lower quality
Consumers • May benefit to have lower price
services thanks to lower cost car paid
by the fleet management
• Perceive less quality cars
Car workshop • Lower cost of the remanufactured
metal part
• Have to manage the quality
of the remanufacturer part
Car sharing
companies & Fleet
management
companies
• the upgrade of cars through
remanufactured metals will Reduce the
cost
• Perceive less quality cars
Remanufacturers • Completely new business Must manage the quality of the
remanufacturer part
Recyclers • Less revenues or at least
postponed of the business
Logistics providers
carriers &
transporters
• More business due to increase
transportation needs of reverse
logistics
Dismantlers • No change, if they NOT go into the re-
manufacturing market
Table 3. Main actors’ side-effects table for remanufacturing metal parts (B2B)
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3.4 Side effect and positive impact by actors for Techno-polymer recycling
Currently recycled techno-polymers come from post-industrial use (i.e. they are production scrap,
thus material with good technical properties because it has not been used). The novelty of the
business model consists in recycling techno-polymer parts from post-consumer use. Presently, car
dismantlers do not recycle techno -polymer parts for the automotive value chain, rather they sell them
as spare parts or throw them away as waste. With new partnerships, there may be possibilities to
create value in more ways such as through recycling of techno-polymer parts that have previously
been considered waste. Remanufacturing process are not yet possible in the techno-polymer value
chain since it is not possible to rework on plastics that have been damaged.
For this techno polymer recycling Business Model, the following side effects are analysed based on
the table of stakeholder’s effects.
The first side effect is the loss of revenues for raw material suppliers. Year after year, recycled polymer
will increase and subtract market to suppliers of virgin raw material.
Tier one suppliers will benefit from lower cost raw material coming from recycling. It could be good
for their margin and increase the product portfolio but, on the other hand, it will also add competition
between product coming from new and recycled raw materials.
OEM and car workshops will increase their product portfolio and make products “greener”: cars
manufactured with recycled materials. Then OEM could expect lower cost for techno-polymer
coming from recycling.
Car dismantler will have new opportunities to sell dismantled techno-polymer to recyclers at higher
price, but they will have to invest in technical and human resources to properly selectively recover
the post-consumers techno polymers.
Finally, scrap dealers will clearly lose business, but logistics’ providers will increase their revenues
due to an increase of transportation needs for reverse logistics.
Actors Pros Cons (Side-effects)
Tier 1 suppliers • Increase of the product
portfolio with product coming
from recycling
• Less business and more competition
for tiers 1 supplier due to lower cost
of components made from recycling
techno polymers.
Raw material suppliers • Less revenues, less raw material
sold thanks to techno polymer
recycling business
OEM • Increase the product
portfolio: new car/Vehicles
with Circular Economy
purpose
• Could expect lower cost for
techno polymer coming from
recycling
Car workshops • Increase the product
portfolio: new car/Vehicles
with Circular Economy
purpose
15. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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• Could expect lower cost for
techno polymer coming from
recycling
Car Dismantlers • Business opportunities to sale
at higher price techno
polymer to the recyclers
• Investment in new technologies
• Lack of knowledge
Recyclers • Big opportunities
• Waste reduction
• No deficit of material quality
Polymer scrap dealers • May enter the recycling
business
• Loss of business
Logistics providers:
carriers & transporters
• More business due to
increase transportation needs
of reverse logistics
Table 4. Main actors’ side-effects table for techno-polymers recycling (B2B)
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4 CONCLUSION
The deliverable has been focused on the side-effects generated for each re-use value chains (battery,
metal and techno-polymer) as well as shared mobility services (B2C). The methodology for the
identification of drawbacks and side effects consisted in the following steps:
1) first identification of drawbacks and side effects by a restricted group of partners, that combined
their multi-disciplinary knowledge to identify drawbacks. In particular, the activity was led by the
partner Avicenne that, by operating as a consulting company in the global market of batteries, could
provide its wide business and marketing intelligence knowledge. CNR contributed in this phase by
proposing and introducing a model to exhaustively identify and represent interlinked variables. Such
a model consisted in two main instruments:
• Tables for the systematic identification of pros and cons of each business scenario for all involved
actors
• Map of interlinked variables determining drawbacks and interrelations. Variables in the maps can
be identified considering the pros and cons that emerged in the previous tables.
A workshop has been then conducted with all consortium partners in the frame of a project general
assembly. During the workshop, three groups were created, each one on a specific re-use value chain.
in order to analytically analyse specific drawbacks for each type of products.
The major identified side effects of the project can be summarized in a loss of business for:
- OEMs, due to less cars sold;
- Battery pack suppliers and all the battery supply chain (battery re-use decrease the need of new
batteries);
- Metal parts suppliers and metal works (remanufactured metal parts will compete new parts);
- Techno-polymeric raw material suppliers (recycled techno-polymers will compete with virgin raw
material).
On the other hand, circular economy in the EV car sharing services will bring major positive impacts:
- Environmental: less CO2 consumption thanks to EV but also thanks to less battery production and
metal part manufacturing from raw materials;
- Global cost decrease at all the level of the value-chain: 2nd
life battery, remanufacturing metal
parts and recycled techno-polymer will be cheaper; EV made with those recycled and
remanufactured products will be cheaper;
- Creation of new business: battery pack dismantling, testing and remanufacturing, metal part
remanufacturing, techno-polymer recycling, additional business for car dismantler, new logistics
business thanks to the ICT Platform and the Smart Mobile Modules that will be realized in the
project.
This Task will provide inputs for the development of economic models that can be used for the
assessment of socio-economic impacts of new circular business models in T2.4: “Socio-economic
simulation of new services and business models”.
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Interconnection of variable side-effects between B2B and B2C
List of Tables
Table 1. Main actors’ side-effects table in the market (B2C)
Table 2. Main actors’ side-effects table for Reusing Battery (B2B)
Table 3. Main actors’ side-effects table for Metal parts (B2B)
Table 4. Main actors’ side-effects table for Techno-polymer (B2B)
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Review of the Deliverable
D 2.3 - Risk management and identification of side-effects
Reviewer Name Brenda Nansubuga
Reviewer Organization Linköping University
Deliverable lead beneficiary Avicenne
Due date of the deliverable 2019-11-30
Received date of the
deliverable by the lead
beneficiary
2019-12-05
Submission date of the review 2019-12-05
Overall Assessment of
the deliverable
⃝ The required level of quality is met, and the deliverable put
forward additional insights which can be beneficial for the progress
of the project.
⃝The required level of quality is met perfectly and no major
improvement is needed. I suggested some minor improvements.
X The required level of quality is met but there are major
improvements to be made before submission of the deliverable.
⃝ In order to meet the required level of quality of the deliverable,
I have major concerns that may delay the submission of the
deliverable.
This project has received funding from the European Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No
776851
19. Risk management and identification of side-effects
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Review assessment
1. Is the information contained in the deliverable technically sound and complete?
⃝ Yes X Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
2. Is any critical information missing in the content of the deliverable?
X No ⃝ Yes
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
3. Does the deliverable compliant with the relevant project objectives, targets and KPIs related to its
topic?
⃝ Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
X Not clearly stated but compliant ⃝ Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
4. Does the objective of the deliverable is clearly stated and compliant with the relevant project
objectives, targets and KPIs related to its topic?
⃝ Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
X Not clearly stated but compliant ⃝ Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
5. Does the method of the deliverable is clearly stated and appropriate for the scope and objective
of the deliverable?
XClearly stated and appropriate ⃝ Clearly stated but can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but appropriate ⃝ Not clearly stated and can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
6. Does the key messages and results of the deliverable are clearly stated and compliant with the
relevant project objectives, targets and KPIs related to its topic?
⃝ Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but compliant X Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
20. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 19
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
7. Does the layout of the deliverable is compliant with the project template?
X Compliant ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
The dissemination level of this Deliverable is supposed to be public, therefore the template for
public Deliverables should be used.
8. Does the language style of the deliverable meet the required quality level?
⃝ Yes X Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
Only minor explanations and clarifications are requested to better specify some concepts and
ideas.
9. Can the deliverable benefit from additional stakeholder expectations (consortium or
external stakeholder expectations such e.g. consumers or other value chain
stakeholders)?
⃝ The deliverable is completely aligned with both consortium and external expectations
X The relevance of additional expectations can be added to the deliverable
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
10. Does the illustrations, drawing and tables of the deliverable clear and comprehensive?
⃝ Yes X Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
11. Does the abbreviations, references and/or formulas of the deliverable clear and comprehensive?
X Yes ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
21. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 20
Review of the Deliverable
D 2.3 - Risk management and identification of side-effects
Reviewer Name Alessandra Melchioni
Reviewer Organization E-VAI / FNM Group
Deliverable lead beneficiary AVICENNE
Due date of the deliverable 30.11.2019
Received date of the
deliverable by the lead
beneficiary
26.11.2019
Submission date of the review 29.11.2019
Overall Assessment of
the deliverable
X The required level of quality is met, and the deliverable put
forward additional insights which can be beneficial for the progress
of the project.
⃝The required level of quality is met perfectly and no major
improvement is needed. I suggested some minor improvements.
⃝ The required level of quality is met but there are major
improvements to be made before submission of the deliverable.
⃝ In order to meet the required level of quality of the deliverable,
I have major concerns that may delay the submission of the
deliverable.
This project has received funding from the European Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No
776851
22. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 21
Review assessment E-VAI
12. Is the information contained in the deliverable technically sound and complete?
X Yes ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
13. Is any critical information missing in the content of the deliverable?
X No ⃝ Yes
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
14. Does the deliverable compliant with the relevant project objectives, targets and KPIs related to its
topic?
X Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but compliant ⃝ Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
15. Does the objective of the deliverable is clearly stated and compliant with the relevant project
objectives, targets and KPIs related to its topic?
X Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but compliant ⃝ Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
16. Does the method of the deliverable is clearly stated and appropriate for the scope and objective
of the deliverable?
X Clearly stated and appropriate ⃝ Clearly stated but can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but appropriate ⃝ Not clearly stated and can be improved
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
17. Does the key messages and results of the deliverable are clearly stated and compliant with the
relevant project objectives, targets and KPIs related to its topic?
X Clearly stated and compliant ⃝ Clearly stated but compliancy can be improved
⃝ Not clearly stated but compliant ⃝ Not clearly stated and compliancy can be improved
23. Risk management and identification of side-effects
Page 22
⃝ Other responses, please state:
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
18. Does the layout of the deliverable is compliant with the project template?
X Compliant ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
The dissemination level of this Deliverable is supposed to be public, therefore the template for
public Deliverables should be used.
19. Does the language style of the deliverable meet the required quality level?
X Yes ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
Only minor explanations and clarifications are requested to better specify some concepts and
ideas.
20. Can the deliverable benefit from additional stakeholder expectations (consortium or
external stakeholder expectations such e.g. consumers or other value chain
stakeholders)?
X The deliverable is completely aligned with both consortium and external expectations
⃝ The relevance of additional expectations can be added to the deliverable
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
21. Does the illustrations, drawing and tables of the deliverable clear and comprehensive?
X Yes ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications:
22. Does the abbreviations, references and/or formulas of the deliverable clear and comprehensive?
X Yes ⃝ Can be improved
Comments/suggestion/specifications: