The document discusses the importance of planting the right tree in the right place. It emphasizes using native plant species that are adapted to the local environment, which reduces the need for maintenance and resources. Properly selecting trees based on factors like mature size, growth habits and environmental conditions helps ensure trees are long-lived and problems are avoided. The document also stresses providing adequate soil volumes and root zones for trees to thrive in urban environments.
cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha introGovardhan Lodha
Concept of sustainability in cropping systems and farming systems, scope
and objectives; production potential under monoculture, double cropping,
multiple cropping, alley cropping, sequential cropping and intercropping,
mechanism of yield advantage in intercropping systems.
Muskmelon is an important crop grown in India that is eaten fresh or used as a desert fruit. It is a monoecious plant that does not cross with other cucurbits like watermelon or cucumber. The pollen can affect the taste of the fruit and transfer bitterness. Several popular varieties are described that differ in traits like earliness, flavor, and disease resistance. Optimal growing conditions include sandy loam soil, temperatures between 18-24°C, and dry weather during fruit development. Pests and diseases that attack the crop include red pumpkin beetle, aphids, fruit fly, cucumber mosaic virus, and root knot nematode. Control methods include applying insecticides and removing infected plants
This document defines and describes agroforestry. It discusses how agroforestry combines trees, crops, livestock and other elements in sustainable land use systems. The document outlines five main types of agroforestry systems - silvoarable, silvopastoral, agrosilvopastoral, windbreak, and riparian forest buffers. It also discusses the productive functions of providing food, fodder, fuel and other goods, and the protective functions of wind breaks, shelterbelts and soil conservation. The benefits of agroforestry are described as environmental benefits like reduced pressure on forests, economic benefits like increased income, and social benefits like improved living conditions.
This document discusses different tillage practices and their effects. Conventional tillage destroys soil structure and is more costly due to rising fuel prices, leading to recommendations to change to minimum tillage. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage to the minimum needed for seedbeds while improving soil conditions. Studies show minimum tillage increases yields compared to conventional tillage and improves soil properties like structure and infiltration. No-till and stubble mulch tillage practices, which leave crop residues on the soil surface, provide further benefits like increased nutrient availability and moisture conservation.
The shelterwood system is a type of silviculture system that is classified as a high forest system involving concentrated regeneration. It involves the gradual removal of trees over time to allow for natural regeneration under shelter. There are several types of shelterwood systems including uniform, strip, irregular, and group systems that differ in how regeneration felling is conducted. The shelterwood system provides shelter and protection for developing regeneration through a series of preparatory, seedling, secondary, and sometimes final fellings over the regeneration period. While it provides benefits like frequent natural regeneration and protection for young crops, it can be more difficult to implement and control than clearcutting systems.
BERSEEM Trifolium alexandriannium is an annual leguminous fodder crop.
One of the most suitable fodder crops for areas below 1700 m altitude with irrigation facilities.
Remains soft and succulent at all stages of growth.
It can be grown without irrigation in areas with high water table and under water-logged conditions.
Indigenous to Egypt.
Forest mensuration involves measuring various characteristics of trees and forests, including diameter, height, age, and volume. It provides important information for tasks like estimating timber quantity, evaluating forest growth and condition, and sustainable forest management. Key concepts include measuring trees at breast height for standardization, and ensuring accurate measurements through proper use of instruments and accounting for errors. Forest mensuration underpins many aspects of forestry.
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha introGovardhan Lodha
Concept of sustainability in cropping systems and farming systems, scope
and objectives; production potential under monoculture, double cropping,
multiple cropping, alley cropping, sequential cropping and intercropping,
mechanism of yield advantage in intercropping systems.
Muskmelon is an important crop grown in India that is eaten fresh or used as a desert fruit. It is a monoecious plant that does not cross with other cucurbits like watermelon or cucumber. The pollen can affect the taste of the fruit and transfer bitterness. Several popular varieties are described that differ in traits like earliness, flavor, and disease resistance. Optimal growing conditions include sandy loam soil, temperatures between 18-24°C, and dry weather during fruit development. Pests and diseases that attack the crop include red pumpkin beetle, aphids, fruit fly, cucumber mosaic virus, and root knot nematode. Control methods include applying insecticides and removing infected plants
This document defines and describes agroforestry. It discusses how agroforestry combines trees, crops, livestock and other elements in sustainable land use systems. The document outlines five main types of agroforestry systems - silvoarable, silvopastoral, agrosilvopastoral, windbreak, and riparian forest buffers. It also discusses the productive functions of providing food, fodder, fuel and other goods, and the protective functions of wind breaks, shelterbelts and soil conservation. The benefits of agroforestry are described as environmental benefits like reduced pressure on forests, economic benefits like increased income, and social benefits like improved living conditions.
This document discusses different tillage practices and their effects. Conventional tillage destroys soil structure and is more costly due to rising fuel prices, leading to recommendations to change to minimum tillage. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage to the minimum needed for seedbeds while improving soil conditions. Studies show minimum tillage increases yields compared to conventional tillage and improves soil properties like structure and infiltration. No-till and stubble mulch tillage practices, which leave crop residues on the soil surface, provide further benefits like increased nutrient availability and moisture conservation.
The shelterwood system is a type of silviculture system that is classified as a high forest system involving concentrated regeneration. It involves the gradual removal of trees over time to allow for natural regeneration under shelter. There are several types of shelterwood systems including uniform, strip, irregular, and group systems that differ in how regeneration felling is conducted. The shelterwood system provides shelter and protection for developing regeneration through a series of preparatory, seedling, secondary, and sometimes final fellings over the regeneration period. While it provides benefits like frequent natural regeneration and protection for young crops, it can be more difficult to implement and control than clearcutting systems.
BERSEEM Trifolium alexandriannium is an annual leguminous fodder crop.
One of the most suitable fodder crops for areas below 1700 m altitude with irrigation facilities.
Remains soft and succulent at all stages of growth.
It can be grown without irrigation in areas with high water table and under water-logged conditions.
Indigenous to Egypt.
Forest mensuration involves measuring various characteristics of trees and forests, including diameter, height, age, and volume. It provides important information for tasks like estimating timber quantity, evaluating forest growth and condition, and sustainable forest management. Key concepts include measuring trees at breast height for standardization, and ensuring accurate measurements through proper use of instruments and accounting for errors. Forest mensuration underpins many aspects of forestry.
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
This document discusses indigenous traditional knowledge related to agricultural practices. It provides an overview of key plant production techniques using indigenous knowledge, including agroforestry, crop rotations, mixed/inter-cropping, polyculture, and water harvesting. These practices help maximize land and resource use while improving soil quality, biodiversity, and sustainability. While indigenous techniques are organic and cost-effective, the document argues they need further exploration, verification, and scientific validation to scale their application more widely.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Perrenial Fruit Treesdarshan kadam
1) The document discusses carbon sequestration potential of fruit orchards. It presents two case studies on peach and apple orchards that measured carbon stocks, fluxes, and net ecosystem carbon balance under different management practices.
2) The first case study found that sustainable management practices like no tillage and compost application increased soil carbon stocks and resulted in the peach orchard being a stronger carbon sink.
3) The second case study observed that an intensively managed organic apple orchard acted as a carbon sink, with carbon accumulation in woody portions contributing most to the net ecosystem carbon balance.
This document provides information on Populus deltoides, commonly known as eastern cottonwood. It discusses the distribution, morphology, reproduction, ecology, nursery practices, current status, and recommendations for conservation of the species. Key points include that it is native to North America but has been introduced worldwide, has triangular leaves and cottony seeds, tolerates a variety of soil conditions, reproduces through both natural regeneration and artificial propagation, and is an important species for fuel, construction materials, and erosion control. The document recommends ongoing inventory, protection of native populations, and research to increase wood production through new clones.
Este documento proporciona una breve reseña histórica del injerto en frutales, describiendo que la técnica se ha conocido desde la antigüedad en China y la Grecia clásica. Explica que el injerto une dos plantas distintas pero cercanas genéticamente para propagar una variedad aprovechando las cualidades de cada planta. Detalla algunas ventajas del injerto como propagar variedades difíciles, mejorar condiciones y resistencia a plagas. Finalmente resume los tipos básicos de injerto - hendidura, emp
Snake gourd is a tropical vine cultivated for its long, cylindrical fruits. It is rich in nutrients and used medicinally. The immature fruits and other plant parts are eaten as vegetables. Snake gourd grows best in warm, humid climates with well-draining soil high in organic matter. It is cultivated during both the summer and rainy seasons. Training is needed to support the long, soft fruits off the ground. Proper nutrient management and irrigation are important for high yields, which average 8-10 tons per hectare. The fruits have a very short shelf life and are usually sent straight to market after harvesting when tender.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el nabo (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa). Es una hortaliza herbácea originaria de la India y Europa que se adapta a climas fríos. Tiene una raíz bulbosa, cilíndrica o redonda, hojas verdes y flores amarillas. Es rico en carbohidratos, fibra y agua, bajo en grasas y calorías. Proporciona beneficios para la salud como combatir dolores, eliminar toxinas y mantener la piel saludable. Se consume principalmente en
Wind affects crop production in both beneficial and harmful ways. At low velocities below 10 km/hr, wind can help crops through processes like transpiration and photosynthesis. However, above this threshold wind can damage crops through mechanical impacts like lodging, fruit shedding, and uprooting. Management strategies to reduce wind stress include windbreaks, ridges, maintaining crop residues, and cultivar selection. Properly installed windbreaks can decrease wind speed and increase humidity and soil/air temperatures to boost yields by 6-44%.
local volume table and general volume table preparationRabindraGautam1
This document discusses volume tables, which estimate the volume of standing trees based on their dimensions. It describes three main types of volume tables: 1) those based on diameter at breast height alone, 2) those based on diameter at breast height and total height, and 3) those based on diameter, height, and form quotient. Local volume tables can be prepared directly from field data or derived from general volume tables using graphical or regression methods. The document provides detailed explanations of how to prepare local volume tables using each method.
This document provides an overview of introductory agroforestry concepts. It defines agroforestry as a land use system involving trees combined with crops and/or livestock. Dr. P.K.R. Nair is identified as the "Father of Agroforestry." Key features of agroforestry systems include having multiple crops including at least one tree crop to produce various outputs. Criteria for good agroforestry include maintaining productivity and sustainability. Agroforestry provides economic, social, and environmental benefits such as increased production, soil conservation, and meeting demand for food and fuel. Selection of appropriate tree species is important to reduce competition with other crops.
The document discusses concepts of urban watershed forestry and its benefits. It suggests that property taxes and stormwater permitting could incorporate tree cover amounts. Maintaining forest cover in urban planning could help watershed health by intercepting rainfall, moderating stream flows, and supporting aquatic systems. The loss of tree canopy from development increases runoff and pollution in watersheds. Urban watershed forestry seeks to better integrate trees and green space into development to improve stormwater management.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Bonsai trees require a lot of attention and care than normal garden trees and plants. At Bonsai Tree Hub ‘We teach you how to take care of bonsai tree including placement, watering, fertilizing, Pruning of roots, branches and leaves at: http://www.bonsaitreehub.com/
- Pakistan's agriculture is dependent on climate factors like temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop yields through rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns.
- Studies project decreases in wheat and rice production in Pakistan's semi-arid and arid regions due to increased temperatures reducing the length of the growing season.
- Changes in precipitation could decrease surface water supplies and shift cropping patterns, while also increasing the risk of flooding or waterlogging in some areas.
- Climate change poses challenges but also opportunities for Pakistan agriculture, which will require adapting cropping practices and developing climate-resilient varieties.
High density orcharding in fruit crops.Mahtab Rashid
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
This document provides information on growing summer vegetables. It discusses suitable climates and soil conditions for various crops like okra, tomato, and cucurbits. It provides details on variety selection, sowing times, seed rates, spacing, fertilizer requirements, pest and disease management, and expected yields for each vegetable. It also discusses multi-tier cropping systems using elephant foot yam and technologies like nursery management, polyhouse cultivation, and fertigation that can increase vegetable yields.
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Cabbage physiological disorders By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses several physiological disorders that can affect cabbage crops, including internal tipburn, black petiole, and pepper spot. It also covers issues like edema, J-rooting, magnesium deficiency, blindness, and leaf tipburn. For each disorder or issue, it provides the symptoms and possible remedies. It concludes by covering nutrient deficiencies for various minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and others; listing the symptoms and recommended corrections for each deficiency.
This document discusses plant protection equipment and focuses on sprayers. It defines plant protection as managing pests, diseases, and weeds that damage crops using pesticides, biological controls, and other approaches. Sprayers are described as machines that apply liquid chemicals to control pests and diseases on plants. The main types of sprayers discussed are hand atomizers, manually operated sprayers, engine operated sprayers, tractor PTO operated sprayers, and airplane operated sprayers. Each type is defined along with its coverage area.
This document discusses the importance of providing adequate soil volume for urban trees. It notes that trees with restricted root zones are prone to toppling, reduced growth, and short lifespans. The major impediment to establishing trees in paved areas is the lack of adequate soil volume for roots. The document recommends using structural soils or Silva Cell systems to increase root zone areas under hardscapes. It also advocates for permeable pavements when integrated with adequate soils or root zone extensions to benefit tree health, stormwater management, and water resources. Landscape code changes can be challenging, so policy decisions are another way to address the need for sufficient urban tree rooting spaces.
The document discusses best practices for protecting trees during construction projects. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located near the surface and within the drip line, known as the critical root zone. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, maps construction activities, and details measures to minimize disturbance in critical root zones like fencing and root pruning. The document outlines signs of tree stress from construction damage and treatments to help stressed trees.
This document discusses indigenous traditional knowledge related to agricultural practices. It provides an overview of key plant production techniques using indigenous knowledge, including agroforestry, crop rotations, mixed/inter-cropping, polyculture, and water harvesting. These practices help maximize land and resource use while improving soil quality, biodiversity, and sustainability. While indigenous techniques are organic and cost-effective, the document argues they need further exploration, verification, and scientific validation to scale their application more widely.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Perrenial Fruit Treesdarshan kadam
1) The document discusses carbon sequestration potential of fruit orchards. It presents two case studies on peach and apple orchards that measured carbon stocks, fluxes, and net ecosystem carbon balance under different management practices.
2) The first case study found that sustainable management practices like no tillage and compost application increased soil carbon stocks and resulted in the peach orchard being a stronger carbon sink.
3) The second case study observed that an intensively managed organic apple orchard acted as a carbon sink, with carbon accumulation in woody portions contributing most to the net ecosystem carbon balance.
This document provides information on Populus deltoides, commonly known as eastern cottonwood. It discusses the distribution, morphology, reproduction, ecology, nursery practices, current status, and recommendations for conservation of the species. Key points include that it is native to North America but has been introduced worldwide, has triangular leaves and cottony seeds, tolerates a variety of soil conditions, reproduces through both natural regeneration and artificial propagation, and is an important species for fuel, construction materials, and erosion control. The document recommends ongoing inventory, protection of native populations, and research to increase wood production through new clones.
Este documento proporciona una breve reseña histórica del injerto en frutales, describiendo que la técnica se ha conocido desde la antigüedad en China y la Grecia clásica. Explica que el injerto une dos plantas distintas pero cercanas genéticamente para propagar una variedad aprovechando las cualidades de cada planta. Detalla algunas ventajas del injerto como propagar variedades difíciles, mejorar condiciones y resistencia a plagas. Finalmente resume los tipos básicos de injerto - hendidura, emp
Snake gourd is a tropical vine cultivated for its long, cylindrical fruits. It is rich in nutrients and used medicinally. The immature fruits and other plant parts are eaten as vegetables. Snake gourd grows best in warm, humid climates with well-draining soil high in organic matter. It is cultivated during both the summer and rainy seasons. Training is needed to support the long, soft fruits off the ground. Proper nutrient management and irrigation are important for high yields, which average 8-10 tons per hectare. The fruits have a very short shelf life and are usually sent straight to market after harvesting when tender.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el nabo (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa). Es una hortaliza herbácea originaria de la India y Europa que se adapta a climas fríos. Tiene una raíz bulbosa, cilíndrica o redonda, hojas verdes y flores amarillas. Es rico en carbohidratos, fibra y agua, bajo en grasas y calorías. Proporciona beneficios para la salud como combatir dolores, eliminar toxinas y mantener la piel saludable. Se consume principalmente en
Wind affects crop production in both beneficial and harmful ways. At low velocities below 10 km/hr, wind can help crops through processes like transpiration and photosynthesis. However, above this threshold wind can damage crops through mechanical impacts like lodging, fruit shedding, and uprooting. Management strategies to reduce wind stress include windbreaks, ridges, maintaining crop residues, and cultivar selection. Properly installed windbreaks can decrease wind speed and increase humidity and soil/air temperatures to boost yields by 6-44%.
local volume table and general volume table preparationRabindraGautam1
This document discusses volume tables, which estimate the volume of standing trees based on their dimensions. It describes three main types of volume tables: 1) those based on diameter at breast height alone, 2) those based on diameter at breast height and total height, and 3) those based on diameter, height, and form quotient. Local volume tables can be prepared directly from field data or derived from general volume tables using graphical or regression methods. The document provides detailed explanations of how to prepare local volume tables using each method.
This document provides an overview of introductory agroforestry concepts. It defines agroforestry as a land use system involving trees combined with crops and/or livestock. Dr. P.K.R. Nair is identified as the "Father of Agroforestry." Key features of agroforestry systems include having multiple crops including at least one tree crop to produce various outputs. Criteria for good agroforestry include maintaining productivity and sustainability. Agroforestry provides economic, social, and environmental benefits such as increased production, soil conservation, and meeting demand for food and fuel. Selection of appropriate tree species is important to reduce competition with other crops.
The document discusses concepts of urban watershed forestry and its benefits. It suggests that property taxes and stormwater permitting could incorporate tree cover amounts. Maintaining forest cover in urban planning could help watershed health by intercepting rainfall, moderating stream flows, and supporting aquatic systems. The loss of tree canopy from development increases runoff and pollution in watersheds. Urban watershed forestry seeks to better integrate trees and green space into development to improve stormwater management.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Bonsai trees require a lot of attention and care than normal garden trees and plants. At Bonsai Tree Hub ‘We teach you how to take care of bonsai tree including placement, watering, fertilizing, Pruning of roots, branches and leaves at: http://www.bonsaitreehub.com/
- Pakistan's agriculture is dependent on climate factors like temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop yields through rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns.
- Studies project decreases in wheat and rice production in Pakistan's semi-arid and arid regions due to increased temperatures reducing the length of the growing season.
- Changes in precipitation could decrease surface water supplies and shift cropping patterns, while also increasing the risk of flooding or waterlogging in some areas.
- Climate change poses challenges but also opportunities for Pakistan agriculture, which will require adapting cropping practices and developing climate-resilient varieties.
High density orcharding in fruit crops.Mahtab Rashid
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
This document provides information on growing summer vegetables. It discusses suitable climates and soil conditions for various crops like okra, tomato, and cucurbits. It provides details on variety selection, sowing times, seed rates, spacing, fertilizer requirements, pest and disease management, and expected yields for each vegetable. It also discusses multi-tier cropping systems using elephant foot yam and technologies like nursery management, polyhouse cultivation, and fertigation that can increase vegetable yields.
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Cabbage physiological disorders By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses several physiological disorders that can affect cabbage crops, including internal tipburn, black petiole, and pepper spot. It also covers issues like edema, J-rooting, magnesium deficiency, blindness, and leaf tipburn. For each disorder or issue, it provides the symptoms and possible remedies. It concludes by covering nutrient deficiencies for various minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and others; listing the symptoms and recommended corrections for each deficiency.
This document discusses plant protection equipment and focuses on sprayers. It defines plant protection as managing pests, diseases, and weeds that damage crops using pesticides, biological controls, and other approaches. Sprayers are described as machines that apply liquid chemicals to control pests and diseases on plants. The main types of sprayers discussed are hand atomizers, manually operated sprayers, engine operated sprayers, tractor PTO operated sprayers, and airplane operated sprayers. Each type is defined along with its coverage area.
This document discusses the importance of providing adequate soil volume for urban trees. It notes that trees with restricted root zones are prone to toppling, reduced growth, and short lifespans. The major impediment to establishing trees in paved areas is the lack of adequate soil volume for roots. The document recommends using structural soils or Silva Cell systems to increase root zone areas under hardscapes. It also advocates for permeable pavements when integrated with adequate soils or root zone extensions to benefit tree health, stormwater management, and water resources. Landscape code changes can be challenging, so policy decisions are another way to address the need for sufficient urban tree rooting spaces.
The document discusses best practices for protecting trees during construction projects. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located near the surface and within the drip line, known as the critical root zone. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, maps construction activities, and details measures to minimize disturbance in critical root zones like fencing and root pruning. The document outlines signs of tree stress from construction damage and treatments to help stressed trees.
Gardening with Native Plants - A Gardener’s Guide for MissouriRetiz16x
This chapter discusses landscaping with native plants in Missouri and provides several benefits of using native plants:
1) Native plants are well-adapted to the climate and soils of Missouri which means they require less maintenance than non-native plants.
2) Using a variety of native trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses provides food and shelter for local wildlife throughout the seasons.
3) Native plant gardens can help with stormwater management by absorbing rainwater and reducing runoff through the use of plants with deep roots in rain gardens and bioretention areas.
Homeowner’s Introducing Native Plant Information Sheets - Springfield Townshi...Fujita64g
This document provides information about native plant species in Springfield Township, Michigan. It discusses how the township received an EPA grant to create an educational database on over 230 native plant species. The document is the first in a series that will explain the benefits of using native plants, what native plants are, and how residents can use them in their landscapes. It highlights how native plants perform important environmental functions, are adapted to the local conditions, attract wildlife, and have other benefits over non-native species. The document also aims to dispel common myths about native plants, such as that they cause allergies or are weedy/a fire hazard.
CA: A Bay-Friendly Landscaper's Guide to MulchSotirakou964
Mulch is any material spread over soil to enhance plant growth and landscape appearance. Using mulch can save money by reducing weeds, labor costs, and water use. The document discusses how mulch creates healthy landscapes, controls weeds, conserves water, and reduces labor costs. Applying mulch made from recycled plant trimmings and leaves is beneficial as it builds healthy soil, protects plants, and reduces waste going to landfills.
This document discusses watersheds and water quality issues. It defines a watershed as the total land area that drains into a waterbody. Major pollutants from urban watersheds are described as nutrients, sediment, bacteria, and toxic chemicals carried by stormwater runoff. The document uses Reedy Creek in Virginia as an example of an impaired urban watershed and discusses the causes of impairment including increased stormwater volume and lack of best management practices. It recommends various solutions for homeowners to help improve watershed health such as reducing impervious surfaces, planting native trees and plants, properly managing lawns and fertilizers, and removing invasive species.
1. The document discusses creating sustainable landscapes through using native plants, conserving resources, preserving habitat, and managing stormwater.
2. Key steps to creating a sustainable landscape include building healthy soil, selecting plants suited to the site's conditions, using efficient irrigation methods, and practicing natural lawn care techniques.
3. When designing a sustainable landscape, it is important to investigate the site conditions such as sunlight, drainage, soil type, and location of structures to select appropriate plantings.
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know beforeMTNativeLandscapes
1) Native plants are species that occur naturally in a particular region without human intervention and have evolved with the local ecosystem.
2) Cultivars are plant varieties selected for desirable traits that can be propagated, while maintaining those traits, but are not necessarily native to the region.
3) When planting natives, it is important to choose species from the local area, as they are best adapted to the local soil, moisture, sunlight conditions. This improves their chances of thriving with less maintenance.
4) Designing gardens with native plant communities mimics the natural ecosystems and provides food and habitat for local wildlife like pollinators. It creates a low-maintenance, sustainable landscape.
Shorline Plants of Pigeon Lake - Shoreline health is critical for a healthy lake. This is is a 3-part presentation filled with photos from Pigeon Lake on to steward the shoreline plants.
This document discusses naturalizing landscapes with native plants, meadows, and rain gardens. It notes that native plants are indigenous to the local area, require less maintenance, and are beneficial to wildlife by providing food and habitat. Meadows are a low-maintenance alternative to turfgrass lawns that provide beauty and habitat for butterflies and birds. Rain gardens are shallow, planted areas that collect runoff, acting as a natural filter while adding plant diversity and beauty to the property. They are easy to design and maintain by digging a shallow area and planting water-tolerant species.
Explore the benefits of using SE U.S. native plants in the home landscape for exceptional beauty and reduced maintenance. Discuss the influence of introduced plants on the horticulture industry, cultivars v.s. species, and more..
This document discusses tree biology, benefits of trees, and challenges for trees in the urban environment. It covers tree anatomy including xylem, phloem, rays, bark, leaves, branches, and roots. It highlights benefits of urban trees like stormwater management, air pollution reduction, energy savings, and increased social well-being. However, it also notes stresses on trees from urban conditions such as limited space, poor soils, and proximity to people and infrastructure. Maintaining large, long-lived trees is important for maximizing environmental services.
This document discusses landscaping considerations for a road project, including planting trees for shade, screening glare, aesthetics, and erosion control. It recommends planting large shade trees along the roadside for traffic, flowering trees at intersections and crossings, and climbers on retaining walls. In medians less than 1.5m wide, only grasses would be used, while wider medians would include shrubs like bougainvillea and Thavetia nerifolia. Near urban areas, pollution-reducing trees like neem and mango are suggested. Tall trees and shrubs are recommended near schools and hospitals to filter noise. Waterlogged areas would be planted with trees like eucalyptus
This document summarizes key aspects of tropical rainforests, including their location, climate characteristics, soil type, vegetation layers, threats, and causes of deforestation. Tropical rainforests are located between 5-10 degrees north and south of the equator in countries like Brazil, Indonesia, and the Amazon Basin. They have high temperatures, rainfall, and humidity that support the growth of deep, nutrient-poor soils and several vegetation layers ranging from emergent trees to an understory. Common threats include slash-and-burn agriculture, fires, logging, cattle ranching, and agriculture which have significantly reduced tropical rainforest coverage due to unsustainable practices.
This document summarizes the key characteristics of an effective urban forest for stormwater management. It discusses 10 factors: 1) providing large volumes of soil, 2) maintaining species diversity, 3) irrigating trees with small storms from hard surfaces, 4) storing roots and stormwater under pavement, 5) planting and maintaining trees correctly, 6) growing canopy and trunk rapidly, 7) developing dark green canopies, 8) allowing trees to reach maturity, 9) covering hard surfaces with canopy, and 10) rigorously sweeping and composting leaves. The document provides examples and research to support the importance of each factor for maximizing stormwater interception and management benefits from urban trees.
¿Why are trees so important? If we all plant some 10,0000 trees each we can prevent climate catastrophe, regenerate lost soils, increase biodiversity and preserve vital ecosystems & cycles. Trees are the biggest and oldest living beings on Earth. But around 75% of the ancient forest are vanished for human action.
So it's urgent for us to know and understand trees, how to plant them, how to care for them,how to return them to their most important place in nature.In this class we will learn about tree biology and tree functions as well as their influence in our culture.
Nature is the integral element that inspires us with those possibilities that one may not imagine without its existence. I beleive, the best teacher who teaches us about seasonality, ecosystem, colours, texture, fragrance, sounds (with wind and water), shade and light is nature, for its diversity and dynamism. All these components are used in landscape designing. The prime goal for landscape design must be designing in tune with the ecosystem and then integrating this goal with the functionality, experiences, colours, seasons etc. And if we start doing that, we will be able to support the ecosystems more in today’s world where nature is being badly affected and that needs lot of attention from all of us.
Deforestation is a major issue in Venezuela, Colombia, and Bolivia. In Venezuela, deforestation is occurring to clear land for coca production, and the government is not taking action to address it or educate people about its impacts. Deforestation contributes to water shortages in Venezuela. Parts of the tropical forest in these countries are being destroyed, removing important trees and habitat. Stronger protections and laws are needed to preserve the remaining forests.
This document provides guidance on designing landscapes for small spaces. It discusses considering the functional, maintainable, environmental, and cost aspects of a sustainable design. A critical site analysis is recommended, including conducting a soil test, noting light and moisture conditions, and identifying microclimates. The site analysis should include a client interview, site survey, and identification of soil, drainage, plant materials, structures and other areas/elements. Additional tips provided include using curved lines for informal designs, emphasizing unity through plant repetition, and focusing on simplicity over variety in small spaces.
Similar to Right Tree Right Place (Socash) 2009 Rtrp Fnps (20)
1. “Plant the Right Tree in the Right Place”
The Florida Native Plant Society
Jimmy Socash, ASLA, JFS Design Inc.
Pembroke Pines, Fl.
2. Right Tree-Right Place…
History...
Long Standing Statement-
18th Century!
Post WWII Urbanization
Importance to plant trees
in the urban landscape
3. Right Tree-Right Place…
Today...
The National Arbor Day
Foundation
Tree City USA Bulletin
Utility Companies
Temperate to Tropical
4. ENVIRONMENTAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN:
•Use plant material that is native and self sustaining.
• Increase the life expectancy of plant material with “Right
Place” right installation and right maintenance methods.
• Reduce unneeded maintenance:
trimming, shaping, fertilization, pest control.
• Reduce water consumption.
• Incorporate BIODIVERSITY through introduction of new
or little-used native species.
5. Agencies and Organizations
Implementing and using
Right Tree-Right Place
principles
National Arbor Day
Foundation
Municipalities and
governing agencies
Utility Companies
6. IFAS “Florida Friendly Yards” Program
9 Principles:
1. Right Tree; Right Place
2. Water Efficiently
3. Fertilize Appropriately
4. Mulch
5. Attract Wildlife
6. Manage Yard Pest Responsibly
7. Recycle
8. Reduce Stormwater Runoff
9. Protect the Waterfront
7. “Naturescape” - Broward County
Incorporation of Florida-Friendly landscapes to conserve
water, protect water quality, and create wildlife habitat.
Important part of Broward County’s Integrated
Water Resource Plan (IWRP)
8. Use of Native Trees...
LIVE OAK GUMBO LIMBO
Quercus virginiana Bursera simaruba
9. Use of Native Trees...
JAMAICA CAPER SIMPSON’S STOPPER
Capparis cynophallophora Myricianthes fragrans
13. Focus
50% of the Earth’s population will be urban
Urban Heat Islands
Right Tree-Right Place
Tropical Urban Environments
Step to carbon sequestration
14. Principles of …
Right Tree-Right Place
1. Environmental
Factors
2. Right Tree Factors
3. Right Place Factors
Bill O’Leary
15. 1. Environmental Factors
Temperature- minimum and maximum year round climatic
Precipitation and Moisture- climatic
Altitude- (especially pertinent in tropical areas)
Soil Conditions
Pests and susceptibility to local diseases
Air Pollution (urban areas)
16. 2. Right Tree Factors...
Ultimate mature size
Canopy and root zone
requirements
Pruning maintenance
program
Debris-seed, fruit, leaf
drop
WILD TAMARIND
Lysiloma spp.
17. 2. Right Tree Factors...
Deciduous or evergreen
(tropical trees also)
Growth habit, form, crown
and shape
Shade and Cooling-
temperature moderation
factors
Esthetics- flowering trees,
esthetic shade value,
vista and view value
GUMBO LIMBO
Bursera simaruba
18. 3. Right Place Factors...
Highways and byways-
sight triangles,
streetscapes, medians
Buildings- proximity to,
framing and screening
Overhead and
underground utilities-
electrical, water, sewer,
tv, telephone
Along walkways,
courtyards and small
SILVER BUTTONWOOD urban parks
Conocarpus erectus var. “Sericeus”
19. 3. Right Place Factors...
Limited root zone area
Encroachments on to
adjacent properties
Parking lots and
parking islands
SABAL PALM
Sabal palmetto
20. Consequences of Planting the WRONG
TREE in the WRONG PLACE
Inappropriate use of NATIVE Tree Species
MAHOGANY
Swietenia mahagoni
21. Wrong Tree Consequences…
Wrong tree, Wrong Place
damage to infrastructure, roadways,
buildings, utilities
Shortened life span of plant material
Trees, Palms, etc.
Excessive Maintenance
trimming, mowing, shaping, excessive irrigation, fertilization, weed and
pest control, use of petro-chemical derivatives gas-powered machines,
causing increased global warming
24. Trees Susceptible to Toppling
Obstruction of Waterways and Canals
Invasive Exotics Are Susceptible to Toppling Inhibiting
Drainage and Causing Upland Flooding
Design: Evaluate Situations, Remove Exotics, Use of
Native Habitat Restoration.
25. Species Susceptible to
Breakage…
Same Consideration as Toppling Evaluate and Design Accordingly
29. The sorry status of our urban
tree canopy…
33% - Nation-wide Average
10% - Miami-Dade County Average
3% - Hialeah (American Forests Survey, 1996)
30% TREE CANOPY GOAL for MIAMI-DADE STREET
TREE MASTER PLAN
By 2020…11 years ! ! !
33. CPTED
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
34. Project Implementation…
Quality grown plant material-Grades and Standards
Contract growing
Competent landscape inspections
Rejection of unacceptable plant material
Maintenance-initial and long term, and its
importance.
35. Benefits
Benefits of greening of urban sub-tropical areas:
Economical
Environmental
Social
Esthetics
Focus on attainable short-term goals and projects.
Maintain perspective of long-term goals.
39. “Meeting the Goals
of the Miami-Dade County
Street Tree Master Plan”
•Planning
•Planting
•Pruning
•Education and Growth
•Best Management Practices (BMP)
ROOT ZONE GROWING AREA
“Design the soil space under and adjacent to the hardscape
to sustain root growth – good trees well connected to the
ground only develop if the roots have room to grow”
“Miami-Dade County Street Tree Master Plan”
Page 7- March 2007
40. “The major impediment to establishing trees in paved urban areas
is the lack of an adequate volume of soil for tree root growth.”
Urban Horticulture Institute
December 2000
41. Trees Growing in Confined Soil
Spaces
are Prone to Toppling…
…Rate of growth is greatly
reduced…and… will be short-
lived.
“Better to plant a 50 cent tree in a
5 dollar hole than a 5 dollar tree in
a 50 cent hole”
42. Make Bigger Planting Spaces.
Mi
n
Ma
ax
x
M
Mi
n?
JAMES URBAN, FASLA, ISA
Balance the size of paved and soil areas.
43. How Much Soil ?
Larger Trees
1200 CF
Soil Volume =
20’ x 20’ x 3’ depth
20” Trunk
Diameter e
e siz
tre me
of u
o vol
ti l
Ra soi
to More Soil
JAMES URBAN, FASLA, ISA
20” Trunk Diameter Tree will require
20’ x 20’ x 3’ deep soil volume (min.).
44. Make Space for Roots.
JAMES URBAN, FASLA, ISA
Design spaces for roots under the pavement and
utilize different approaches to root space design
as conditions change
45. Roots grow well beyond
canopy edge
Dr. Ed Gilman, U of Florida
Trees that normally grow a very expansive root
system can become stressed and grow poorly in
urban landscapes where soil space is limited
The result can be poor tree health, damaged
sidewalks and curbs, and other problems
46. “Downtown Kendall Urban Center District”
“Street Trees: …minimum caliper of six (6) inches and a minimum
clear trunk of eight (8) feet at the time of planting.”
TYPICAL MINIMUM SIZE OF 18’ OVERALL HEIGHT
SITE PLAN PROVIDES STREET TREES BUT…
IN 3’ X 3’ SQUARES…(27 C.F. OF SOIL VOLUME )!
WILL THESE TREES GROW?
HOW LONG WILL THEY LAST?
WHERE IS THE 1200 C.F. OF SOIL VOLUME?
47. “CU-STRUCTURAL SOILS” AND
PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS
Cornell University
1. INCREASE ROOT ZONE AREA…
Use “CU Structural Soils” or
“Deeproot Silva Cell” Applications
2. USE PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS…
48. “CU-STRUCTURAL SOILS”...
Cornell University
Comprised of two main components:
1. Rigid Stone “lattice”
Lattice are load-bearing stones for stability and
interconnected voids that allows root penetration, air and
water movement.
2. Quantity soil (heavy clay loam or loam)
Clay holds most of the water and nutrients.
With…
Gelscape Hydrogel combines with the mix and works as a
non-toxic, non-phytotoxic tackifier.
50. “CU-Structural Soils” and Permeable
Pavements...
Street trees
CU-Structural Soil helps
create large enough
volumes of soils under
constructed pavements.
CU-Structural Soil should
have a depth of at least 24”,
but it is preferred to have
36”.
Parking Lots and Plazas
Trees planted in Landscape
Islands will
benefit from CU-Structural
Soils and Permeable
Pavements.
55. “Deeproot Silva Cells”...
1. Increased Soil volumes enable large trees
to flourish…
3. Healthy trees…increase real estate
values…
5. Underground bioretention areas manage
stormwater on-site…
7. Large tree canopies reduce urban heat-
island effect and improve air quality…
9. Expanded soil-volumes reduce rainfall
runoff…
58. Permeable Pavements…
When integrated with “CU-
Structural Soils” or “Deeproot
Silva Cells” …
“Vegetation is watered,
reducing the need for irrigation …
Ground water is recharged
Water resources are preserved
Stormwater runoff is reduced
Stormwater runoff quality is
improved.”
www.CoolCommunities.org
59. Permeable Pavements…
U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) CERTIFIABLE
“Pervious pavements can be made of concrete, asphalt, open-celled stones, and gravel, that
are mixed in a manner that creates an open cell structure allowing water and air to pass
through. For example, porous concrete can pass 3-5 gallons of water per minute, which is far
greater than most conceivable rain events and highly effective in controlling storm water
drainage. “
www.CoolCommunities.org
60. Respect the Base of the Tree.
Trunk Flare
Zone of rapid
taper
JAMES URBAN, FASLA, ISA
Do not pave in the area of the tree’s future trunk flare.
62. Tree Grates…
Tree grates. Many cities install decorative metal grates around
newly planted trees. As the trunk grows, it may end up fighting the
encircling obstacle. Though some tree grates are designed so that the
innermost section can be removed as the trunk expands, rarely do
municipalities remove them promptly enough. The grate girdles the
trunk, stopping the flow of water and chemicals between the top and
bottom of the tree. If the tree doesn’t die first, it may lift the grate
and create a hazard for pedestrians.
“New Urban News”
February 2005
63. Landscape code changes are
oftentimes tedious and lengthy…
Departmental Policy Decisions can
bypass this…
64. INCORPORATE USE OF CULTIVARS
Use of tree species developed for
urban environments.
Marshall Tree Farm
Quercus virginiana
Quercus virginiana
Marshall Tree Farm
‘Cathedral’
Quercus virginiana
‘Highrise’
65. BIODIVERSITY IN THE URBAN
LANDSCAPE
Use and introduction of several native species and use
of new unused native species.
A necessity to address tendency to “monoculture” use
of only a few tree species.
69. ELECTRICAL AND SITE LIGHTING
Lightpoles
Landscape Islands
are for trees
Coordination with
Electrical Engineer-
15’ Clearance for all
trees
Overhead Power Lines
Screening of Ground-
Mounted Equipment
71. USE OF APPROPRIATE NATIVE
PLANTS…
FICUS HEDGE / Ficus benjamina COCOPLUM HEDGE / Chrysobalanus icaco
Non-native exotic Native
Will mature as a 50’ x 50’ tree 15’ at maturity
Grows quickly Moderate growth rate
Will require frequent topping Very little trimming required
2-3 times per year Less need for irrigation,
Photo shows result if topping fertilization, pest control, etc.
is not continually done. Less maintenance intensive
Other native species available
72. LONG TERM GOALS...
Increase Environmental Awareness
Right Tree-Right Place -Concept and Implementation
Enforcement and installation of Florida No. 1 Plant Material
at time of installation
Proper pruning and continual maintenance commitment
Environment – Economics – Esthetics
Preservation and Protection of the Natural Environment
(air, water, soil, etc.) for future generations.
Restoration of Recoverable Natural systems
Economic Opportunities and Benefits
Improve the Esthetics and Beautification for the Urban
Landscape