We often talk about rights, but do you know what does the term ‘rights’ mean? Rights are rules of interaction between people. They place constraints and obligations upon the actions of the state and individuals or groups. For example, if one has a righto life, this means that others do not have the liberty to kill him or her. Rights are defined as claims of an individual that are essential for the development of his or her
own self and that are recognized by society or State. These are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement and are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed to people or owed to people, according to some legal system, socialconvention, or ethical theory. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization,being regarded as established pillars of society and culture.
But the rights have real meaning only if individuals perform duties. A duty is somethingthat someone is expected or required to do. Parents, for example, have a duty totake care of their child. You have duties towards your parents. A teacher has a dutyto educate students. In fact, rights and duties are two wheels on which the chariotof life moves forward smoothly. Life can become smoother if rights and duties go
hand in hand and become complementary to each other. Rights are what we want others to do for us whereas the duties are those acts which we should perform for others. Thus, a right comes with an obligation to show respect for the rights of others.
The obligations that accompany rights are in the form of duties. If we have the right to enjoy public facilities like transport or health services, it becomes our duty to allow others to avail the same. If we have the right to freedom, it becomes our duty notto misuse this and harm others.
We often talk about rights, but do you know what does the term ‘rights’ mean? Rights are rules of interaction between people. They place constraints and obligations upon the actions of the state and individuals or groups. For example, if one has a righto life, this means that others do not have the liberty to kill him or her. Rights are defined as claims of an individual that are essential for the development of his or her
own self and that are recognized by society or State. These are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement and are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed to people or owed to people, according to some legal system, socialconvention, or ethical theory. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization,being regarded as established pillars of society and culture.
But the rights have real meaning only if individuals perform duties. A duty is somethingthat someone is expected or required to do. Parents, for example, have a duty totake care of their child. You have duties towards your parents. A teacher has a dutyto educate students. In fact, rights and duties are two wheels on which the chariotof life moves forward smoothly. Life can become smoother if rights and duties go
hand in hand and become complementary to each other. Rights are what we want others to do for us whereas the duties are those acts which we should perform for others. Thus, a right comes with an obligation to show respect for the rights of others.
The obligations that accompany rights are in the form of duties. If we have the right to enjoy public facilities like transport or health services, it becomes our duty to allow others to avail the same. If we have the right to freedom, it becomes our duty notto misuse this and harm others.
India, most popularly acknowledged as the land of spiritual beliefs, philosophical thinking, culture, has also been the birthplace of quite a few number of religions out of which some of them exist in this era as well.
‘Religion’ is entirely a matter of choice, perception and belief.
People in this country have a strong faith and dependence when it comes to their religion as they perceive that religion adds meaning and reason to their lives.
When it comes to people who are extremely devoted to their religion, they leave no stone unturned in showing a substantial amount of fidelity towards their respective religion.
This presentation was made by me for college exams. Please give due credit .
Like, comment( positive or negative) .I will try to improve . Thanks. Enjoy.
Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
Rights of Children In the Constitution
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
● Article - 16 helps us to establish a welfare state. There are a lot of disadvantaged and backward classes is our society - who have faced discrimination since time immemorial and still led down because of social stigmas. Article - 16 also helps us to uplift these disadvantaged sections by giving them Equal Opportunities in Employment and Appointment.
● Article -16 deals with very important question of reservation.
● At the time of Constitutional Assembly Debate on Article - 16 ,
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar referred Reservation as “Compensatory Benefits”.
● Under Article -16, the guarantee against discrimination is limited to employment and appointment under the State.
● This right is available to citizens only.
● Article 15 is more general and deals with all cases of discrimination which do not fall under Article -16.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this webinar is to provide insight into the Constitutional Provisions relating to the Fundamental Rights. This webinar is the third from the Webinar series on Constitution. The scope of this webinar is confined to discussing the definition of State and "Law". Furthermore, the provisions relating to Right to Equality and its corollary rights have been elaborately discussed with illustrations and precedents to gain a holistic understanding of each of the provisions.
India, most popularly acknowledged as the land of spiritual beliefs, philosophical thinking, culture, has also been the birthplace of quite a few number of religions out of which some of them exist in this era as well.
‘Religion’ is entirely a matter of choice, perception and belief.
People in this country have a strong faith and dependence when it comes to their religion as they perceive that religion adds meaning and reason to their lives.
When it comes to people who are extremely devoted to their religion, they leave no stone unturned in showing a substantial amount of fidelity towards their respective religion.
This presentation was made by me for college exams. Please give due credit .
Like, comment( positive or negative) .I will try to improve . Thanks. Enjoy.
Fundamental Duties are enshrined under Part IV A of the Constitution of India. The duties though not justifiable but are integral to constitutional spirit.
Rights of Children In the Constitution
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
● Article - 16 helps us to establish a welfare state. There are a lot of disadvantaged and backward classes is our society - who have faced discrimination since time immemorial and still led down because of social stigmas. Article - 16 also helps us to uplift these disadvantaged sections by giving them Equal Opportunities in Employment and Appointment.
● Article -16 deals with very important question of reservation.
● At the time of Constitutional Assembly Debate on Article - 16 ,
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar referred Reservation as “Compensatory Benefits”.
● Under Article -16, the guarantee against discrimination is limited to employment and appointment under the State.
● This right is available to citizens only.
● Article 15 is more general and deals with all cases of discrimination which do not fall under Article -16.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this webinar is to provide insight into the Constitutional Provisions relating to the Fundamental Rights. This webinar is the third from the Webinar series on Constitution. The scope of this webinar is confined to discussing the definition of State and "Law". Furthermore, the provisions relating to Right to Equality and its corollary rights have been elaborately discussed with illustrations and precedents to gain a holistic understanding of each of the provisions.
Suits Against Government In India, Article 300 of the Constitution governs the suability of the state. It states that the Union Government and State Government
can be sued, subject to the provisions of the law made by the Parliament and the state legislature respectively.
The rights, which are enshrined in the Constitution, are called ‘Fundamental Rights’. These rights ensure the fullest physical, mental and moral development of every citizen. They include those basic freedoms and conditions which alone can make life worth living.
This presentation talks about the interdependence of rights and duties in jurisprudence. It also mentions the views of SC and the role of state in the same.
Essay Questions Exam #1 Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm Emmanuel .docxbridgelandying
Essay Questions Exam #1
Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm
Emmanuel
1. What are the differences between domestic law and international law? What are the sources for international law?
Domestic law is enforced by legit government. Codified by a legitimate government. Domestic law is dominated by dominated by culture. No true international law
International law – 1) a nation can consent to be bound by international law (agree to a treaty)
2)a convention (comes out of the UN) UN has to be signed by each country- international contract. 3) also consent by custom & practices.
2. What is "enfranchisement"? Discuss the amendments in the US Constitution that applies to
Enfranchisement- to admit to the privileges of a citizen and especially to the right of suffrage
Amendments
· 15th – blacks
· 19th –deals with women rights
· 23th –Washington D.C. can vote
· 24th – abolish property tax vote
· 26th – Lower voting age to 18 years
David Lopez
3. What is “ethics”? What is “morality”? What are the differences between ethics, morality and the law? Briefly discuss legal obligations, professional obligations and organizational obligations.
As mentioned in chapter 5, at the most basic level, ethics constitutes right or wrong behavior. It is a branch of philosophy focusing on morality and the way moral principles are derived and implemented. Ethics has to do with the fairness, justness, rightness, or wrongness of an action. Morals are influenced by culture or society, however they are principal’s set individually by person to person. Business ethics and business law are closely intertwined because ultimately the law rests on social beliefs about right and wrong behavior in the business world.
4. What is "pleadings"? Discuss the contents of a complaint.
The complaint and answer, taken together, are known as the pleadings.
-The facts showing that the court has subject- matter and personal jurisdiction
-The facts establishing the plaintiff’s basis for relief,
-The remedy the plaintiff is seeking.
5. Discuss at least four reasons why the court will apply equitable remedies. Note:UMIRU
Equitable remedies include specific performance, an injunction, and rescission. Specific performance involves ordering a party to perform an agreement as promised. An injunction is an order to a party to cease engaging in a specific activity or to undo some wrong or injury. Rescission is the cancellation of a contractual obligation.Todays courts will not grant equitable remedies unless the remedy at law (monetary damages )is inadequate.
6. Briefly discuss the major publication, practices and invention that had an influence on the US Constitution.
Ideas from many people and several existing documents, including the Articles of Confederation and Declaration of Independence had major influences on the publication for the constitution.
7. What is evidence law? What criteria must be met for evidence to be admissible.
The law of evidence provides principle ...
New Directive Principles IN PART 4TH OF INDIAN CONSTITUTIONMamta Bagoria
NEW DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES IN PART 4TH OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION ADDED BY 42ND AMENDMENT ACT OF 1976, 44TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1978,86TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT OF 2002, 97TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 2011
MANDAL COMMISSION FOR RESERVATION FOR OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES IN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA, #MANDAL CASE (1992) #SUPREME COURTS RULING FOR EMPLOYMENT RESERVATION FOR OBC #M.LAXMIKANTH #UPSC #INDIAN POLITY
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
2. RIGHT TO
EQUALITY
1.Equality before Law and
Equal Protection of Laws
2. Prohibition of Discrimination
on Certain Grounds
3. Equality of Opportunity in
Public Employment
4. Abolition of Untouchability
5. Abolition of Titles
3. 1.Equality before Law and Equal Protection
of Laws
Article 14 says that the State shall not deny
to any person equality before the law or the
equal protection of the laws within the
territory of India.
This provision confers rights on all persons
whether citizens or foreigners.
The word ‘person’ includes legal persons,
viz, statutory corporations, companies,
registered societies or any other type of legal
person.
4. Eequality Before Law
The concept of ‘equality before law’ is of
British origin.
This concept refers that:
(a) The absence of any special privileges in
favour of any person,
(b) The equal subjection of all persons to the
ordinary law of the land administered by
ordinary law courts,
(c) No person (whether rich or poor, high or low,
official or non-official) is above the law.
This is a Negative concept .
5. Equal Protection of Laws
This concept has been taken from the American
Constitution
This concept states that :-
(a)The Equality of treatment under equal
circumstances, both in the privileges conferred
and liabilities imposed by the laws,
(b) The similar application of the same laws to all
persons who are similarly situated, and
(c) the like should be treated alike without any
discrimination.
Thus, This is a positive concept.
However, both of them aim at establishing
Equality of Legal Status, Opportunity and
Justice.
6. Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws
The Supreme Court held that where Equals and
Unequals are treated differently, Article 14 does
not apply.
Article 14 forbids class legislation.
It permits reasonable classification of persons,
objects and transactions by the law.
The Classification should not be Arbitrary,
Artificial or Evasive.
It should be based on an Intelligible
Differential and Substantial Distinction.
7. Rule of Law
The concept of ‘Equality Before Law’ is an element of the concept of ‘Rule of
Law’,
Propounded by A.V. Dicey, the British Jurist.
His concept has the following three elements or aspects:
(i) Absence of Arbitrary Power, that is, No Man can be punished except for a
Breach of law.
(ii) Equality before the law, that is, equal subjection of All Citizens (rich or poor,
official or non-official) to the ordinary law of the land administered by the
ordinary law courts
(iii)The primacy of the rights of the individual, that is, the Constitution is the
result of the rights of the Individual as defined and enforced by the courts of law
rather than the constitution being the source of the individual rights.
8. Rule of Law
The first and the second elements are applicable to the Indian System and not
the third one.
In the Indian System, the Constitution is the source of the Individual Rrights.
The Supreme Court held that the ‘Rule of Law’ as embodied in Article 14 is a
‘Basic Feature’ of the Constitution.
It cannot be destroyed even by an Amendment.