Essay Questions Exam #1
Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm
Emmanuel
1. What are the differences between domestic law and international law? What are the sources for international law?
Domestic law is enforced by legit government. Codified by a legitimate government. Domestic law is dominated by dominated by culture. No true international law
International law – 1) a nation can consent to be bound by international law (agree to a treaty)
2)a convention (comes out of the UN) UN has to be signed by each country- international contract. 3) also consent by custom & practices.
2. What is "enfranchisement"? Discuss the amendments in the US Constitution that applies to
Enfranchisement- to admit to the privileges of a citizen and especially to the right of suffrage
Amendments
· 15th – blacks
· 19th –deals with women rights
· 23th –Washington D.C. can vote
· 24th – abolish property tax vote
· 26th – Lower voting age to 18 years
David Lopez
3. What is “ethics”? What is “morality”? What are the differences between ethics, morality and the law? Briefly discuss legal obligations, professional obligations and organizational obligations.
As mentioned in chapter 5, at the most basic level, ethics constitutes right or wrong behavior. It is a branch of philosophy focusing on morality and the way moral principles are derived and implemented. Ethics has to do with the fairness, justness, rightness, or wrongness of an action. Morals are influenced by culture or society, however they are principal’s set individually by person to person. Business ethics and business law are closely intertwined because ultimately the law rests on social beliefs about right and wrong behavior in the business world.
4. What is "pleadings"? Discuss the contents of a complaint.
The complaint and answer, taken together, are known as the pleadings.
-The facts showing that the court has subject- matter and personal jurisdiction
-The facts establishing the plaintiff’s basis for relief,
-The remedy the plaintiff is seeking.
5. Discuss at least four reasons why the court will apply equitable remedies. Note:UMIRU
Equitable remedies include specific performance, an injunction, and rescission. Specific performance involves ordering a party to perform an agreement as promised. An injunction is an order to a party to cease engaging in a specific activity or to undo some wrong or injury. Rescission is the cancellation of a contractual obligation.Todays courts will not grant equitable remedies unless the remedy at law (monetary damages )is inadequate.
6. Briefly discuss the major publication, practices and invention that had an influence on the US Constitution.
Ideas from many people and several existing documents, including the Articles of Confederation and Declaration of Independence had major influences on the publication for the constitution.
7. What is evidence law? What criteria must be met for evidence to be admissible.
The law of evidence provides principle ...
The Law-Making Process
Definition And History Of Case Law Essay
Subjects of International Law
Application Of Rule Of Law Essay
Tort Law of Negligence Essay
Product Liability Essay
Contract Law Assignment : Contract Laws
Law School Essay
What Law Means To Me Essay
Business Law Questions and Answers
The Rule of Law Essay
The Language Of The Law Essay
The Importance Of International Law
Common Law And The Statute Law Essay
Different Aspects Of Law Essay
Commercial law, also known as business law or corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.[1] It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law.
Commercial law includes within its compass such titles as principal and agent; carriage by land and sea; merchant shipping; guarantee; marine, fire, life, and accident insurance; bills of exchange, negotiable instruments, contracts and partnership.[2] It can also be understood to regulate corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods. Many countries have adopted civil codes that contain comprehensive statements of their commercial law.In the United States, commercial law is the province of both the United States Congress, under its power to regulate interstate commerce, and the states, under their police power. Efforts have been made to create a unified body of commercial law in the United States; the most successful of these attempts has resulted in the general adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code, which has been adopted in all 50 states (with some modification by state legislatures), the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories.
This country’s planted thick with laws from coast to coast . . . a.docxjuliennehar
This country’s planted thick with laws from coast to coast . . . and if you cut them down... d’you really think you could stand upright in the winds that would blow then?
A MAn for All SeASonS, Act I
Consider . . . 1.1
John Yates, a commercial fisherman, caught undersized red grouper in federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico. To prevent federal authorities from confirming that he had harvested undersized fish, Yates ordered a crew member to toss the suspect fish into the sea. Yates was charged with, and convicted of, violating 18 U.S.C. § 1519,
“Whoever knowingly alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies, or makes a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation . . . or
any case filed . . . or in relation to or contemplation of any such matter or case, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.”
Mr. Yates says that the statute applies to financial records and not fish. The statute was passed after Enron collapsed and its financial records and audit papers had been shredded to deter such actions by businesses. Who decides whether the law applies to hurling fish overboard? What should the court decide?
1-1
Definition of Law
Philosophers and scholars throughout history have offered definitions of law. Aristotle, the early Greek philosopher, wrote that “the law is reason unaffected by desire” and “law is a form of order, and good law must necessarily mean good order.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., a U.S. Supreme Court justice of the early twentieth century, said, “[L]aw embodies the story of a nation’s development through many centuries.” Sir William Blackstone, the English philosopher and legal scholar, observed that law was “that rule of action which is prescribed by some superior and which the inferior is bound to obey.” Black’s Law Dictionary defines law as “a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by the controlling authority, and having legal binding force.”1 Law has been defined at least once by every philosopher, statesman, and police officer.
Law is simply the body of rules governing individuals and their relationships. Most of these rules become law through a recognized governmental authority. Laws give us basic freedoms, rights, and protections. Law also offers a model of conduct for members of society in their business and personal lives and gives them certainty of expectation. Plans, businesses, contracts, and property ownership are based on the expectation that the law will provide consistent protection of rights. Without such constancy in legal boundaries, society would be a mass of chaos and confusion.
1-2
Classifications of Law
1-2a public versus private Law
Public law includes those laws enacted by some authorized governmental body. State and federal constitutions and statutes are all examples of public laws, as are the state incorporation and partnership procedures, county taxation statutes, and lo ...
The Law-Making Process
Definition And History Of Case Law Essay
Subjects of International Law
Application Of Rule Of Law Essay
Tort Law of Negligence Essay
Product Liability Essay
Contract Law Assignment : Contract Laws
Law School Essay
What Law Means To Me Essay
Business Law Questions and Answers
The Rule of Law Essay
The Language Of The Law Essay
The Importance Of International Law
Common Law And The Statute Law Essay
Different Aspects Of Law Essay
Commercial law, also known as business law or corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.[1] It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law.
Commercial law includes within its compass such titles as principal and agent; carriage by land and sea; merchant shipping; guarantee; marine, fire, life, and accident insurance; bills of exchange, negotiable instruments, contracts and partnership.[2] It can also be understood to regulate corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods. Many countries have adopted civil codes that contain comprehensive statements of their commercial law.In the United States, commercial law is the province of both the United States Congress, under its power to regulate interstate commerce, and the states, under their police power. Efforts have been made to create a unified body of commercial law in the United States; the most successful of these attempts has resulted in the general adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code, which has been adopted in all 50 states (with some modification by state legislatures), the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories.
This country’s planted thick with laws from coast to coast . . . a.docxjuliennehar
This country’s planted thick with laws from coast to coast . . . and if you cut them down... d’you really think you could stand upright in the winds that would blow then?
A MAn for All SeASonS, Act I
Consider . . . 1.1
John Yates, a commercial fisherman, caught undersized red grouper in federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico. To prevent federal authorities from confirming that he had harvested undersized fish, Yates ordered a crew member to toss the suspect fish into the sea. Yates was charged with, and convicted of, violating 18 U.S.C. § 1519,
“Whoever knowingly alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies, or makes a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation . . . or
any case filed . . . or in relation to or contemplation of any such matter or case, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.”
Mr. Yates says that the statute applies to financial records and not fish. The statute was passed after Enron collapsed and its financial records and audit papers had been shredded to deter such actions by businesses. Who decides whether the law applies to hurling fish overboard? What should the court decide?
1-1
Definition of Law
Philosophers and scholars throughout history have offered definitions of law. Aristotle, the early Greek philosopher, wrote that “the law is reason unaffected by desire” and “law is a form of order, and good law must necessarily mean good order.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., a U.S. Supreme Court justice of the early twentieth century, said, “[L]aw embodies the story of a nation’s development through many centuries.” Sir William Blackstone, the English philosopher and legal scholar, observed that law was “that rule of action which is prescribed by some superior and which the inferior is bound to obey.” Black’s Law Dictionary defines law as “a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by the controlling authority, and having legal binding force.”1 Law has been defined at least once by every philosopher, statesman, and police officer.
Law is simply the body of rules governing individuals and their relationships. Most of these rules become law through a recognized governmental authority. Laws give us basic freedoms, rights, and protections. Law also offers a model of conduct for members of society in their business and personal lives and gives them certainty of expectation. Plans, businesses, contracts, and property ownership are based on the expectation that the law will provide consistent protection of rights. Without such constancy in legal boundaries, society would be a mass of chaos and confusion.
1-2
Classifications of Law
1-2a public versus private Law
Public law includes those laws enacted by some authorized governmental body. State and federal constitutions and statutes are all examples of public laws, as are the state incorporation and partnership procedures, county taxation statutes, and lo ...
Instructor Notes.htmlTo assist you in completing consulting asTatianaMajor22
Instructor Notes.html
To assist you in completing consulting assignments for TLG, it is important to review some basic concepts relevant to the legal system and constitutional law.
First, review the concept of federalism, the court system, and common law v. civil law, and the nature of law and the legal process.
Some important points are:
(1) the primary purpose of the law is to establish a set of rules and guidelines for society to promote order and to create parameters for acceptable and prohibited behavior;
(2) laws are inevitably subject to interpretation and reinterpretation by courts;
(3) laws must be reasonably specific, and yet sufficiently general, with inherent flexibility, to withstand the rigors of interpretation and the "test of time";
(4) laws that strike a balance as described in (3) above, usually endure as relevant, applicable rules, even with societal changes and reinterpretations;example: the U.S. Constitution has withstood the test of time, partly because of an inherent balance of specificity, generality, and flexibility
(5) laws are promulgated and interpreted by human beings, and thus, are imperfect;
(6) some laws have a worthy purpose, but are difficult to adequately enforce i.e. speed limit laws;
(7) all laws are not necessarily ethical; some conduct can be legal, but considered unethical;
(8) U.S. law has a very dominant protective purpose – protecting all citizens, as well as providing special protections for certain groups of people, in certain circumstances, i.e., minors;
(9) fairness to all is a primary goal of the law, but what is fair to one group may be unfair to another group; what is fair in one situation may be unfair in another situation - every right granted to an individual or group, to some extent, impinges on the rights of another individual or group;
(10) legislatures enacting laws, and courts interpreting laws, must weigh and balance the right(s) granted v. the rights restricted by a specific law to determine if the law is justifiable and fair - this weighing and balancing involves determining if there a compelling public interest or purpose for the law that justifies granting certain rights while restricting other rights;example: highway speed limit laws protect everyone (drivers, passengers, and pedestrians), but also restrict the freedom of drivers to drive at a speed of their choice - on balance, the restriction is easily justified as there is an important purpose in protecting drivers, passengers, and pedestrians example: laws that prohibit alcohol consumption/purchase by minors grant rights to those 21 years and older, and restrict rights of those under 21 years - on balance, society, legislatures, and courts have determined this law is justified as Society has a strong public interest in protecting minors who may not have reached a level of maturity and judgment to handle the right to choose to consume/purchase alcohol
(11) the familiar symbol for law and the legal system is the ...
BBA 3210, Business Law 1 Course Learning Outcomes for.docxaryan532920
BBA 3210, Business Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Demonstrate research skills using all modalities available for legal issues.
4.1 Identify the various forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR).
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1:
An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Dynamic Business Law
Chapter 3:
The U.S. Legal System and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Unit Lesson
Introduction to Business Law
Law—a brief definition: Business law is defined law as “the enforceable rules of conduct that govern the
actions of buyers and sellers in market exchanges” (Kubasek, Browne, Herron, Dhooge, & Barkacs, 2016,
p. 3). Business law intersects with the six functional areas of business. These include corporate management,
production and transportation, marketing, research and development, accounting and finance, and human
resource management. These are the core activities in business, and the law plays a significant role in all
(Kubasek et al., 2016).
Law is dynamic, and in some senses, it is a living thing. This core concept requires understanding of the
origins of law. Law embodies fundamental rules of behavior and the institutions of defining, changing,
clarifying, refining, redefining, and applying these rules. It is the natural consequence of humans living and
working together. For an ordered society to exist, there has to be a way to resolve the inevitable disputes that
come up. Law can be seen as the activity of subjecting human conduct to the governance of rules. Business
law encompasses the rules of conduct for commercial relationships.
What are the roots of law? At some point in your upbringing, you learned the difference between right and
wrong. Your home life and the experiences you had in school, church, and/or in the larger community all
impacted your viewpoint on right and wrong.
One way to classify law is private versus public law. Private law is for resolution of disputes between private
individuals or groups, whereas public law addresses disputes between private individuals or groups and their
government. Both private and public law are significant for business law.
Another classification is civil versus criminal law. Civil law governs the rights and responsibilities either
between persons or between persons and their government. Criminal law is the body of laws that involves the
rights and responsibilities an individual has with respect to the public as a whole. A clear example of the
dichotomy was displayed in the O.J. Simpson trial—O.J. was found not guilty in his criminal case for the
murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, but he was found to be legally responsible for their
deaths in his civil case.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
The Nature of Law, Judicial Process,
and Alternative Dispute Resolution
BBA 3210, Business Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Law evolves. It predates reco ...
Part I 1 PAGE1. Do you think that individuals or groups are better.docxbridgelandying
Part I 1 PAGE
1. Do you think that individuals or groups are better decision-makers? Justify your choice. In what situations would individuals be more effective decision-makers than groups, and in what situations would groups be better than individuals
Part II 1 PAGE
What are the key differences between relationship and task conflict? Why is task conflict more productive in groups than relationship conflict, and what are some of the ways to turn relationship conflict into task conflict for the greater good of the group?
.
Part I What are some of the considerations to keep in mind c.docxbridgelandying
Part I : Wha
t are some of the considerations to keep in mind concering the values that the different cultures have on food eating, the social behaviors to be sensitive to regarding employees and customers, the training required, the work attitudes and any ethical standards that you would like to impart? Are the attitudes in the countries individualistic or collective?
Part II :
If you were to send your top manger to these countries what type of cultural shock should they expect? How would you help them alleviate this stress?
Part III
: In many countries "expeditors" can help you cut through layers of bureaucracy so that you can get your business done or done faster. Expeditors are normally paid for what they do and they ask you to help finance others that will move your business request through the system faster. The methods that are being used could ultimately be illegal or maybe not. 1.) If your mangers needed to be asked would you seek out an expeditor if the methods in the United States are perceived as illegal but acceptable in the country they are trying to open the franchise in? 2.) What business ethics are involved in this decision?
.
Part ASome questions in Part A require that you access data from.docxbridgelandying
Part A
Some questions in Part A require that you access data from
Statistics for People Who (Think
T
hey) Hate Statistics
.
This data is available on the student website under the Student Test Resources link.
1.
By hand, compute the mean, median, and mode for the following set of 40 reading scores:
SUMMARY
31
32
43
42
24
34
25
44
23
43
24
36
25
41
23
28
14
21
24
17
25
23
44
21
13
26
23
32
12
26
14
42
14
31
52
12
23
42
32
34
2.
Compute the means for the following set of scores saved as Ch. 2 Data Set 3 using IBM
®
SPSS
®
software. Print out a copy of the output.
Hospital size (number of beds)
Infection rate (per 1,000 admissions)
234
1.7
214
2.4
165
3.1
436
5.6
432
4.9
342
5.3
276
5.6
187
1.2
512
3.3
553
4.1
3.
You are the manager of a fast food store. Part of your job is to report which special is selling best to the boss at the end of each day. Use your knowledge of descriptive statistics and write one paragraph to let the boss know what happened today. Use the following data. Do not use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to compute the statistics needed; rather, do it by hand. Include a copy of your work.
Special number
Sold
Cost
Huge Burger
20
$2.95
Baby Burger
18
$1.49
Chicken Littles
25
$3.50
Porker Burger
19
$2.95
Yummy Burger
17
$1.99
Coney Dog
20
$1.99
Total specials sold
119
4.
Suppose you are working with a data set that has some different (much larger or much smaller than the rest of the data) scores. What measure of central tendency would you use and why?
5.
For the following set of scores, compute the range, the unbiased and the biased standard deviations, and the variance. Do the exercise by hand.
31, 42, 35, 55, 54, 34, 25, 44, 35
Why is the unbiased estimate greater than the biased estimate?
6.
Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to compute all the descriptive statistics for the following set of three test scores over the course of a semester. Which test had the highest average score? Which test had the smallest amount of variability?
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
50
50
49
48
49
47
51
51
51
46
46
55
49
48
55
48
53
45
49
49
47
49
52
45
50
48
46
50
55
53
7.
This practice problem uses the data contained in the file named Ch. 3 Data Set 3. There are two variables in this data set.
Variable
Definition
Height
Height in inches
Weight
Weight in pounds
Using IBM
®
SPSS
®
software, compute all of the measures of variability you can for height and weight.
8.
Review the following frequency distribution. Create a histogram either by hand or by using some other application such as a Microsoft
®
Excel
®
document.
Class interval
Frequency
90–100
12
80–89
14
70–79
20
60–69
24
50–59
28
40–49
29
30–39
21
20–29
15
10–19
17
0–9
12
9.
A third-grade teacher is looking to improve her students’ level of engagement during group discussions and instruction. She keeps track of each of the 15 third graders’ number of responses every day for 1 week. This information is available in Ch. 4 Data Set 2. Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to create a bar chart (one bar .
Part I Principles of the ConstitutionCreate a chart or a matr.docxbridgelandying
Part I: Principles of the Constitution
Create a chart or a matrix outlining the following primary principles of the Constitution:
Self-Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Write an analysis of 250-500 words on the effectiveness of the checks and balances in the federal government.
Cite specific examples.
Defend your rationale.
Utilize the required readings, academic websites, and the GCU e-Library as resources for this assignment.
Part II: The Three Branches of the Federal Government
Outline the duties and responsibilities of each of the three branches of the federal government.
List each branch of government and summarize the duties and responsibilities of each. You may use bullet points in the outline.
Describe how these three branches are supposed to interact.
Include a summary of how a bill becomes law.
Write an analysis of 250-500 words on the effectiveness of the process of government.
Do three branches act in a constructive way to promote the will of the people, or is it more like a stalemate?
Are the representatives of the people more concerned about the people's agenda or their own personal agendas?
How important a role does the electorate play in the attitudes and actions of our elected officials?
Cite specific examples and defend your rationale.
.
Part I Genetics – From Genes to Proteins, Mutations Background .docxbridgelandying
Part I: Genetics – From Genes to Proteins, Mutations
Background:
DNA represents the architectural blueprint for all living systems, encoding specific instructions in the sequence of its four nitrogen-containing base pairs that are necessary for building the organism.
During the process of transcription, the information in the DNA codons of a gene is transcribed into RNA.
A change in the DNA sequence, for example as a result of a "mistake" during DNA replication, is defined as a mutation. Mutations may result in a change in the "blueprint," which may then change the resulting protein product.
Assignment details for part one:
Transcribe and translate EACH of the
three
following DNA gene sequences.
Turn these in using the graphic organizer. The letters represent the DNA N-base sequences of the genes.
The first is the original gene. The next two are mutations of the original. Note that the changes (mutations) are shown in red.
Original Gene sequence 3'-T A C C C T T T A G T A G C C A C T-5
Mutated gene sequence 1 3’-T A C
G
C T T T A G T A G C C A
T
T-5'
Mutated gene sequence 2 3’-T A
A
C C T T T A
C
T A G
G
C A C T-5’
Also, answer the following questions:
What is the significance of the first and last codons of an mRNA transcript?
What meaning do these mRNA codons have for protein synthesis?
Did the mutations result in a change in the final proteins? If so, describe the change.
In general, why might a change in amino acid sequence affect protein function?
Part II: Inheritance of Traits or Genetic Disorders
Background
: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects the respiratory, digestive, or reproductive systems of the body, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Bob and Sally are recently married. Upon deciding to plan a family, both Sally and Bob find out that they are both
heterozygous
for
cystic fibrosis
, but neither of them has symptoms of the disorder.
Assignment details:
Complete a
Punnett Square for cystic fibrosis
for this couple using the following alleles:
C = normal allele
; and
c = allele for cystic fibrosis
.
Complete the Punnett Square in the graphic organizer.
Also answer the following questions:
Based on the Punnett square, calculate chances (percentages) for the following:
for having a healthy child (not a carrier)
a child that is a carrier for the cystic fibrosis trait
a child with cystic fibrosis
Be sure to submit these percentages as part of your assignment in the Graphic Organizer.
Part III: Cell division, sexual reproduction and genetic variability
Background
: Eukaryotic cells can divide by mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis produces new cells for growth and repair; meiosis produces sex cells (gametes) called
sperm
and
eggs.
Although mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variability, both meiosis and sexual reproduction also can contribute to new genetic combinations in offspring.
Assignment Essay Question:
How do both meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilizat.
Part I How does Trifles help us think about different perspec.docxbridgelandying
Part I:
How does
Trifles
help us think about different perspectives or perceptions? Think about what the male/female characters in the play understand and perceive about the world around them--and consider what the men's and women's conversations and actions reveal about their attitudes toward the opposite sex
.
Part II
: Reading Modern literature can sometimes be a frustrating quest for coherence and meaning. Modernist authors
tend to omit explanations, interpretations, connections, and summaries that we are accustomed to in traditional literature.
O'Neill's method in
The Hairy Ape
demonstrates a striking departure from traditional stage drama since audiences are faced with an exaggerated and stark realism, and with dialog that is crude, natural, and slangy. How do you react to the play? What happens to Yank that leads him to expose his primitive interior self? What happens at the end, and how are we--the reading or viewing audience--to interpret his death?
Please post no fewer than 300 words, making sure to balance your answers to Parts I and II. You should use quotations from the text to support your points, but make sure they don't dominate your posts.
.
Part I Although it can be easy to miss, Nick is suffering from wh.docxbridgelandying
Part I:
Although it can be easy to miss, Nick is suffering from what we now know as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The way Nick believes he can heal his body and mind is to fish and camp in nature. How is this survival mode helpful? How is nature helpful? What are some of the metaphors Hemingway uses to describe Nick's mental and physical condition? What might the swamp represent?
Part II:
In Hughes' poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," he recounts a history of African life in the Americas. How does Hughes create a sense of ancestral and cultural history (past) in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"?
Part III:
In Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited," how do you respond to Marion Peters? Is she genuinely concerned for Honoria and rightly suspicious of Charlie? Is she self-righteous? Does she remind you of anyone you have encountered?
Please post no fewer than 300 words, making sure to balance your answers to Parts I and II.
.
Part I 20 Multiple choice questions @ 2.5 points each = 50 points.docxbridgelandying
Part I: 20 Multiple choice questions @ 2.5 points each = 50 points
1. Jackson Company is a publicly held corporation whose $1 par value stock is actively traded at $75 per share. The company issued 3,000 shares of stock to acquire land recently advertised at $200,000. When recording this transaction, Barton Company will –
A) debit Land for $200,000.
B) debit Land for $225,000.
C) credit Common Stock for $195,000.
D) credit Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par for $196,000
.
2. Victory Corporation sold 400 shares of treasury stock for $45 per share. The cost for the shares was $35. The entry to record the sale will include a
A) credit to Gain on Sale of Treasury Stock for $14,000.
B) debit to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $4,000.
C) credit to Treasury Stock for $18,000.
D) credit to Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $4,000.
3. Which of the following show the proper effect of a stock split and a stock dividend?
4. Dabney, Inc., has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 40,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2014. There were no dividends declared in 2013. The board of directors declares and pays a $60,000 dividend in 2014. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2014?
A) $0
B) $25,000
C) $10,000
D) $35,000
5. A $600,000 bond was retired at 97 when the carrying value of the bond was $590,000. The entry to record the retirement would include a
A) gain on bond redemption of $10,000.
B) gain on bond redemption of $8,000.
C) loss on bond redemption of $10,000.
D) loss on bond redemption of $8,000.
6. The following data are available for Two-off Company.
Increase in accounts payable
$120,000
Increase in bonds payable
300,000
Sale of investments
150,000
Issuance of common stock
160,000
Payment of cash dividends
90,000
Net cash provided by financing activities is:
A) $180,000.
B) $360,000.
C) $370,000.
D) $420,000.
7. The net income reported on the income statement for the current year was $220,000. Depreciation recorded on plant assets was $35,000. Accounts receivable and inventories increased by $2,000 and $8,000, respectively. Prepaid expenses and accounts payable decreased by $2,000 and $12,000 respectively. How much cash was provided by operating activities?
A) $200,000
B) $235,000
C) $220,000
D) $255,000
8. If a company reports a net loss, it
A) will not be able to pay cash dividends.
B) will not be able to get a loan.
C) may still have a net increase in cash.
D) will not be able to make capital expenditures.
9. A creditor would be most interested in evaluating which of the following ratios?
A) Asset turnover
B) Earnings per share
C) Times interest earned
D) Payout ratio
10. Lionel Company has beginning work in process inventory of $220,000 and total manufacturing costs of $900,000. If ending work in process is $210,000 what is the cost of goods manufactured?
A) $700,000.
B) $9.
Part I 1 pageWhat practices are not effective when trying to avoid.docxbridgelandying
Part I 1 page
What practices are not effective when trying to avoid the common information effect and hidden profiles? What practices are effective?
Part II 1 page
This part requires students to go on line and find an article from a major newspaper: New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Houston Chronicle, Dallas Morning News, etc. that discusses a major problem in society today.
1: Answer this opinion question (no research required). What do you think are some of the most important problems in our society today? If you had to pick one major one, what would it be and why?
Summarize the research you have found in a good well-constructed paragraph. Cite your source and separate out your information from the source information by giving the source credit.
.
Part E Organizational Culture and ChangeConduct and present resea.docxbridgelandying
Part E: Organizational Culture and Change
Conduct and present research that evaluates the current culture of the organization.
Provide examples of how environmental forces have impacted the organization.
Identify how the organization accepts or embraces change from these forces.
4-6 pages
APA format
4 APA references, scholar articles
due in 24 hrs...
.
Part BDecision-Making Conduct and present research that eva.docxbridgelandying
Part B:
Decision-Making
Conduct and present research that evaluates the decision making process within the organization.
Be sure to provide specific examples of complex decisions that have been made.
Discuss and describe who is involved in the decision-making and who is impacted by the decision-making.
Evaluate the effectiveness of this process, without making recommendations.
4-6 pages
4 APA scholar sources
.
More Related Content
Similar to Essay Questions Exam #1 Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm Emmanuel .docx
Instructor Notes.htmlTo assist you in completing consulting asTatianaMajor22
Instructor Notes.html
To assist you in completing consulting assignments for TLG, it is important to review some basic concepts relevant to the legal system and constitutional law.
First, review the concept of federalism, the court system, and common law v. civil law, and the nature of law and the legal process.
Some important points are:
(1) the primary purpose of the law is to establish a set of rules and guidelines for society to promote order and to create parameters for acceptable and prohibited behavior;
(2) laws are inevitably subject to interpretation and reinterpretation by courts;
(3) laws must be reasonably specific, and yet sufficiently general, with inherent flexibility, to withstand the rigors of interpretation and the "test of time";
(4) laws that strike a balance as described in (3) above, usually endure as relevant, applicable rules, even with societal changes and reinterpretations;example: the U.S. Constitution has withstood the test of time, partly because of an inherent balance of specificity, generality, and flexibility
(5) laws are promulgated and interpreted by human beings, and thus, are imperfect;
(6) some laws have a worthy purpose, but are difficult to adequately enforce i.e. speed limit laws;
(7) all laws are not necessarily ethical; some conduct can be legal, but considered unethical;
(8) U.S. law has a very dominant protective purpose – protecting all citizens, as well as providing special protections for certain groups of people, in certain circumstances, i.e., minors;
(9) fairness to all is a primary goal of the law, but what is fair to one group may be unfair to another group; what is fair in one situation may be unfair in another situation - every right granted to an individual or group, to some extent, impinges on the rights of another individual or group;
(10) legislatures enacting laws, and courts interpreting laws, must weigh and balance the right(s) granted v. the rights restricted by a specific law to determine if the law is justifiable and fair - this weighing and balancing involves determining if there a compelling public interest or purpose for the law that justifies granting certain rights while restricting other rights;example: highway speed limit laws protect everyone (drivers, passengers, and pedestrians), but also restrict the freedom of drivers to drive at a speed of their choice - on balance, the restriction is easily justified as there is an important purpose in protecting drivers, passengers, and pedestrians example: laws that prohibit alcohol consumption/purchase by minors grant rights to those 21 years and older, and restrict rights of those under 21 years - on balance, society, legislatures, and courts have determined this law is justified as Society has a strong public interest in protecting minors who may not have reached a level of maturity and judgment to handle the right to choose to consume/purchase alcohol
(11) the familiar symbol for law and the legal system is the ...
BBA 3210, Business Law 1 Course Learning Outcomes for.docxaryan532920
BBA 3210, Business Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Demonstrate research skills using all modalities available for legal issues.
4.1 Identify the various forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR).
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1:
An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Dynamic Business Law
Chapter 3:
The U.S. Legal System and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Unit Lesson
Introduction to Business Law
Law—a brief definition: Business law is defined law as “the enforceable rules of conduct that govern the
actions of buyers and sellers in market exchanges” (Kubasek, Browne, Herron, Dhooge, & Barkacs, 2016,
p. 3). Business law intersects with the six functional areas of business. These include corporate management,
production and transportation, marketing, research and development, accounting and finance, and human
resource management. These are the core activities in business, and the law plays a significant role in all
(Kubasek et al., 2016).
Law is dynamic, and in some senses, it is a living thing. This core concept requires understanding of the
origins of law. Law embodies fundamental rules of behavior and the institutions of defining, changing,
clarifying, refining, redefining, and applying these rules. It is the natural consequence of humans living and
working together. For an ordered society to exist, there has to be a way to resolve the inevitable disputes that
come up. Law can be seen as the activity of subjecting human conduct to the governance of rules. Business
law encompasses the rules of conduct for commercial relationships.
What are the roots of law? At some point in your upbringing, you learned the difference between right and
wrong. Your home life and the experiences you had in school, church, and/or in the larger community all
impacted your viewpoint on right and wrong.
One way to classify law is private versus public law. Private law is for resolution of disputes between private
individuals or groups, whereas public law addresses disputes between private individuals or groups and their
government. Both private and public law are significant for business law.
Another classification is civil versus criminal law. Civil law governs the rights and responsibilities either
between persons or between persons and their government. Criminal law is the body of laws that involves the
rights and responsibilities an individual has with respect to the public as a whole. A clear example of the
dichotomy was displayed in the O.J. Simpson trial—O.J. was found not guilty in his criminal case for the
murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, but he was found to be legally responsible for their
deaths in his civil case.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
The Nature of Law, Judicial Process,
and Alternative Dispute Resolution
BBA 3210, Business Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Law evolves. It predates reco ...
Part I 1 PAGE1. Do you think that individuals or groups are better.docxbridgelandying
Part I 1 PAGE
1. Do you think that individuals or groups are better decision-makers? Justify your choice. In what situations would individuals be more effective decision-makers than groups, and in what situations would groups be better than individuals
Part II 1 PAGE
What are the key differences between relationship and task conflict? Why is task conflict more productive in groups than relationship conflict, and what are some of the ways to turn relationship conflict into task conflict for the greater good of the group?
.
Part I What are some of the considerations to keep in mind c.docxbridgelandying
Part I : Wha
t are some of the considerations to keep in mind concering the values that the different cultures have on food eating, the social behaviors to be sensitive to regarding employees and customers, the training required, the work attitudes and any ethical standards that you would like to impart? Are the attitudes in the countries individualistic or collective?
Part II :
If you were to send your top manger to these countries what type of cultural shock should they expect? How would you help them alleviate this stress?
Part III
: In many countries "expeditors" can help you cut through layers of bureaucracy so that you can get your business done or done faster. Expeditors are normally paid for what they do and they ask you to help finance others that will move your business request through the system faster. The methods that are being used could ultimately be illegal or maybe not. 1.) If your mangers needed to be asked would you seek out an expeditor if the methods in the United States are perceived as illegal but acceptable in the country they are trying to open the franchise in? 2.) What business ethics are involved in this decision?
.
Part ASome questions in Part A require that you access data from.docxbridgelandying
Part A
Some questions in Part A require that you access data from
Statistics for People Who (Think
T
hey) Hate Statistics
.
This data is available on the student website under the Student Test Resources link.
1.
By hand, compute the mean, median, and mode for the following set of 40 reading scores:
SUMMARY
31
32
43
42
24
34
25
44
23
43
24
36
25
41
23
28
14
21
24
17
25
23
44
21
13
26
23
32
12
26
14
42
14
31
52
12
23
42
32
34
2.
Compute the means for the following set of scores saved as Ch. 2 Data Set 3 using IBM
®
SPSS
®
software. Print out a copy of the output.
Hospital size (number of beds)
Infection rate (per 1,000 admissions)
234
1.7
214
2.4
165
3.1
436
5.6
432
4.9
342
5.3
276
5.6
187
1.2
512
3.3
553
4.1
3.
You are the manager of a fast food store. Part of your job is to report which special is selling best to the boss at the end of each day. Use your knowledge of descriptive statistics and write one paragraph to let the boss know what happened today. Use the following data. Do not use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to compute the statistics needed; rather, do it by hand. Include a copy of your work.
Special number
Sold
Cost
Huge Burger
20
$2.95
Baby Burger
18
$1.49
Chicken Littles
25
$3.50
Porker Burger
19
$2.95
Yummy Burger
17
$1.99
Coney Dog
20
$1.99
Total specials sold
119
4.
Suppose you are working with a data set that has some different (much larger or much smaller than the rest of the data) scores. What measure of central tendency would you use and why?
5.
For the following set of scores, compute the range, the unbiased and the biased standard deviations, and the variance. Do the exercise by hand.
31, 42, 35, 55, 54, 34, 25, 44, 35
Why is the unbiased estimate greater than the biased estimate?
6.
Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to compute all the descriptive statistics for the following set of three test scores over the course of a semester. Which test had the highest average score? Which test had the smallest amount of variability?
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
50
50
49
48
49
47
51
51
51
46
46
55
49
48
55
48
53
45
49
49
47
49
52
45
50
48
46
50
55
53
7.
This practice problem uses the data contained in the file named Ch. 3 Data Set 3. There are two variables in this data set.
Variable
Definition
Height
Height in inches
Weight
Weight in pounds
Using IBM
®
SPSS
®
software, compute all of the measures of variability you can for height and weight.
8.
Review the following frequency distribution. Create a histogram either by hand or by using some other application such as a Microsoft
®
Excel
®
document.
Class interval
Frequency
90–100
12
80–89
14
70–79
20
60–69
24
50–59
28
40–49
29
30–39
21
20–29
15
10–19
17
0–9
12
9.
A third-grade teacher is looking to improve her students’ level of engagement during group discussions and instruction. She keeps track of each of the 15 third graders’ number of responses every day for 1 week. This information is available in Ch. 4 Data Set 2. Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to create a bar chart (one bar .
Part I Principles of the ConstitutionCreate a chart or a matr.docxbridgelandying
Part I: Principles of the Constitution
Create a chart or a matrix outlining the following primary principles of the Constitution:
Self-Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Write an analysis of 250-500 words on the effectiveness of the checks and balances in the federal government.
Cite specific examples.
Defend your rationale.
Utilize the required readings, academic websites, and the GCU e-Library as resources for this assignment.
Part II: The Three Branches of the Federal Government
Outline the duties and responsibilities of each of the three branches of the federal government.
List each branch of government and summarize the duties and responsibilities of each. You may use bullet points in the outline.
Describe how these three branches are supposed to interact.
Include a summary of how a bill becomes law.
Write an analysis of 250-500 words on the effectiveness of the process of government.
Do three branches act in a constructive way to promote the will of the people, or is it more like a stalemate?
Are the representatives of the people more concerned about the people's agenda or their own personal agendas?
How important a role does the electorate play in the attitudes and actions of our elected officials?
Cite specific examples and defend your rationale.
.
Part I Genetics – From Genes to Proteins, Mutations Background .docxbridgelandying
Part I: Genetics – From Genes to Proteins, Mutations
Background:
DNA represents the architectural blueprint for all living systems, encoding specific instructions in the sequence of its four nitrogen-containing base pairs that are necessary for building the organism.
During the process of transcription, the information in the DNA codons of a gene is transcribed into RNA.
A change in the DNA sequence, for example as a result of a "mistake" during DNA replication, is defined as a mutation. Mutations may result in a change in the "blueprint," which may then change the resulting protein product.
Assignment details for part one:
Transcribe and translate EACH of the
three
following DNA gene sequences.
Turn these in using the graphic organizer. The letters represent the DNA N-base sequences of the genes.
The first is the original gene. The next two are mutations of the original. Note that the changes (mutations) are shown in red.
Original Gene sequence 3'-T A C C C T T T A G T A G C C A C T-5
Mutated gene sequence 1 3’-T A C
G
C T T T A G T A G C C A
T
T-5'
Mutated gene sequence 2 3’-T A
A
C C T T T A
C
T A G
G
C A C T-5’
Also, answer the following questions:
What is the significance of the first and last codons of an mRNA transcript?
What meaning do these mRNA codons have for protein synthesis?
Did the mutations result in a change in the final proteins? If so, describe the change.
In general, why might a change in amino acid sequence affect protein function?
Part II: Inheritance of Traits or Genetic Disorders
Background
: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects the respiratory, digestive, or reproductive systems of the body, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Bob and Sally are recently married. Upon deciding to plan a family, both Sally and Bob find out that they are both
heterozygous
for
cystic fibrosis
, but neither of them has symptoms of the disorder.
Assignment details:
Complete a
Punnett Square for cystic fibrosis
for this couple using the following alleles:
C = normal allele
; and
c = allele for cystic fibrosis
.
Complete the Punnett Square in the graphic organizer.
Also answer the following questions:
Based on the Punnett square, calculate chances (percentages) for the following:
for having a healthy child (not a carrier)
a child that is a carrier for the cystic fibrosis trait
a child with cystic fibrosis
Be sure to submit these percentages as part of your assignment in the Graphic Organizer.
Part III: Cell division, sexual reproduction and genetic variability
Background
: Eukaryotic cells can divide by mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis produces new cells for growth and repair; meiosis produces sex cells (gametes) called
sperm
and
eggs.
Although mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variability, both meiosis and sexual reproduction also can contribute to new genetic combinations in offspring.
Assignment Essay Question:
How do both meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilizat.
Part I How does Trifles help us think about different perspec.docxbridgelandying
Part I:
How does
Trifles
help us think about different perspectives or perceptions? Think about what the male/female characters in the play understand and perceive about the world around them--and consider what the men's and women's conversations and actions reveal about their attitudes toward the opposite sex
.
Part II
: Reading Modern literature can sometimes be a frustrating quest for coherence and meaning. Modernist authors
tend to omit explanations, interpretations, connections, and summaries that we are accustomed to in traditional literature.
O'Neill's method in
The Hairy Ape
demonstrates a striking departure from traditional stage drama since audiences are faced with an exaggerated and stark realism, and with dialog that is crude, natural, and slangy. How do you react to the play? What happens to Yank that leads him to expose his primitive interior self? What happens at the end, and how are we--the reading or viewing audience--to interpret his death?
Please post no fewer than 300 words, making sure to balance your answers to Parts I and II. You should use quotations from the text to support your points, but make sure they don't dominate your posts.
.
Part I Although it can be easy to miss, Nick is suffering from wh.docxbridgelandying
Part I:
Although it can be easy to miss, Nick is suffering from what we now know as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The way Nick believes he can heal his body and mind is to fish and camp in nature. How is this survival mode helpful? How is nature helpful? What are some of the metaphors Hemingway uses to describe Nick's mental and physical condition? What might the swamp represent?
Part II:
In Hughes' poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," he recounts a history of African life in the Americas. How does Hughes create a sense of ancestral and cultural history (past) in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"?
Part III:
In Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited," how do you respond to Marion Peters? Is she genuinely concerned for Honoria and rightly suspicious of Charlie? Is she self-righteous? Does she remind you of anyone you have encountered?
Please post no fewer than 300 words, making sure to balance your answers to Parts I and II.
.
Part I 20 Multiple choice questions @ 2.5 points each = 50 points.docxbridgelandying
Part I: 20 Multiple choice questions @ 2.5 points each = 50 points
1. Jackson Company is a publicly held corporation whose $1 par value stock is actively traded at $75 per share. The company issued 3,000 shares of stock to acquire land recently advertised at $200,000. When recording this transaction, Barton Company will –
A) debit Land for $200,000.
B) debit Land for $225,000.
C) credit Common Stock for $195,000.
D) credit Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par for $196,000
.
2. Victory Corporation sold 400 shares of treasury stock for $45 per share. The cost for the shares was $35. The entry to record the sale will include a
A) credit to Gain on Sale of Treasury Stock for $14,000.
B) debit to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par for $4,000.
C) credit to Treasury Stock for $18,000.
D) credit to Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock for $4,000.
3. Which of the following show the proper effect of a stock split and a stock dividend?
4. Dabney, Inc., has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 40,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2014. There were no dividends declared in 2013. The board of directors declares and pays a $60,000 dividend in 2014. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2014?
A) $0
B) $25,000
C) $10,000
D) $35,000
5. A $600,000 bond was retired at 97 when the carrying value of the bond was $590,000. The entry to record the retirement would include a
A) gain on bond redemption of $10,000.
B) gain on bond redemption of $8,000.
C) loss on bond redemption of $10,000.
D) loss on bond redemption of $8,000.
6. The following data are available for Two-off Company.
Increase in accounts payable
$120,000
Increase in bonds payable
300,000
Sale of investments
150,000
Issuance of common stock
160,000
Payment of cash dividends
90,000
Net cash provided by financing activities is:
A) $180,000.
B) $360,000.
C) $370,000.
D) $420,000.
7. The net income reported on the income statement for the current year was $220,000. Depreciation recorded on plant assets was $35,000. Accounts receivable and inventories increased by $2,000 and $8,000, respectively. Prepaid expenses and accounts payable decreased by $2,000 and $12,000 respectively. How much cash was provided by operating activities?
A) $200,000
B) $235,000
C) $220,000
D) $255,000
8. If a company reports a net loss, it
A) will not be able to pay cash dividends.
B) will not be able to get a loan.
C) may still have a net increase in cash.
D) will not be able to make capital expenditures.
9. A creditor would be most interested in evaluating which of the following ratios?
A) Asset turnover
B) Earnings per share
C) Times interest earned
D) Payout ratio
10. Lionel Company has beginning work in process inventory of $220,000 and total manufacturing costs of $900,000. If ending work in process is $210,000 what is the cost of goods manufactured?
A) $700,000.
B) $9.
Part I 1 pageWhat practices are not effective when trying to avoid.docxbridgelandying
Part I 1 page
What practices are not effective when trying to avoid the common information effect and hidden profiles? What practices are effective?
Part II 1 page
This part requires students to go on line and find an article from a major newspaper: New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Houston Chronicle, Dallas Morning News, etc. that discusses a major problem in society today.
1: Answer this opinion question (no research required). What do you think are some of the most important problems in our society today? If you had to pick one major one, what would it be and why?
Summarize the research you have found in a good well-constructed paragraph. Cite your source and separate out your information from the source information by giving the source credit.
.
Part E Organizational Culture and ChangeConduct and present resea.docxbridgelandying
Part E: Organizational Culture and Change
Conduct and present research that evaluates the current culture of the organization.
Provide examples of how environmental forces have impacted the organization.
Identify how the organization accepts or embraces change from these forces.
4-6 pages
APA format
4 APA references, scholar articles
due in 24 hrs...
.
Part BDecision-Making Conduct and present research that eva.docxbridgelandying
Part B:
Decision-Making
Conduct and present research that evaluates the decision making process within the organization.
Be sure to provide specific examples of complex decisions that have been made.
Discuss and describe who is involved in the decision-making and who is impacted by the decision-making.
Evaluate the effectiveness of this process, without making recommendations.
4-6 pages
4 APA scholar sources
.
PART A—Capitalization (40 pts.)DirectionsRead carefully the.docxbridgelandying
PART A—Capitalization (40 pts.)
Directions
:
Read carefully the statements below.
If the statement is true, type
T
; if the statement is false, type
F
.
Place your answers in the column at the right.
DO NOT STRIKE ENTER; USE TAB KEY TO MOVE AROUND IN THIS SECTION OF YOUR TEST
.
1.
The nicknames of specific persons should always be capitalized.
1.
2.
Do not capitalize
federal
unless it is part of the specific name of an agency.
2.
3.
The titles of officials affiliated with a company, institution, or association are capitalized when used after the person’s name.
3.
4.
Occupational titles are always capitalized.
4.
5.
The title
sir
is capitalized when substituted for a complete name in a direct address.
5.
6.
The first letters of all four-letter words in titles of books, magazines, or newspapers are capitalized.
6.
7.
Names of specific language and ethnic designations are capitalized.
7.
8.
Specific and general educational course titles are capitalized.
8.
9.
E-mail and Web site addresses are usually not capitalized.
9.
10.
When compass directions designate specific regions, they are not capitalized.
10.
11.
Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions with fewer than four letters are not capitalized.
11.
12.
Seasons of the year connected to specific events are capitalized.
12.
13.
Always use an official document or a telephone directory to verify the spelling of the name of a group or government unit.
13.
14.
Capitalize the first letters of words in trademarks and brand names.
14.
15.
Never capitalize abbreviations for common nouns.
15.
16.
Capitalize all letters in all words in a mailing address on an envelope.
16.
17.
When a word separates the noun and number, capitalize the noun.
17.
18.
Do not capitalize the words
elect
,
former
,
late
, or
ex-
when used with titles.
18.
19.
A family title is capitalized when it is used with a possessive pronoun.
19.
20.
The words magazine and newspaper are always capitalized.
20.
PART B—Periods/Question Marks (15 pts.)
Directions
:
Insert periods and question marks where needed in the following sentences.
If a sentence is already punctuated correctly, do nothing.
Expanded spacing
between words has been applied to allow for extra room for inserting punctuation if needed
.
1.
She said, “Most PCs come with Web browsers and e-mail software”
2.
Last month No 2601 labels were out of stock, weren’t they
3.
Will your company charge extra for shipping special orders
4.
Katherine J Lucas was a Brand Bros representative for many years.
5.
Kayla asked if I had ordered the toner for the copier
6.
Office Systems, Inc, which sells by catalog, has a stable clientele.
7.
Please be sure to call me, Brittany, when the
Mr. Magic Whiteboard Markers
arrives
8.
Mrs Liz Alldred told me about a job opening at the TV station WISN.
9.
I budgeted $400 for my job search activities.
10.
My most recent supervis.
PART A—Capitalization (40 pts.)Directions Read carefully the s.docxbridgelandying
PART A—Capitalization (40 pts.)
Directions
: Read carefully the statements below. If the statement is true, type
T
; if the statement is false, type
F
. Place your answers in the column at the right.
DO NOT STRIKE ENTER; USE TAB KEY TO MOVE AROUND IN THIS SECTION OF YOUR TEST
.
1.
The nicknames of specific persons should always be capitalized.
1.
2.
Do not capitalize
federal
unless it is part of the specific name of an agency.
2.
3.
The titles of officials affiliated with a company, institution, or association are capitalized when used after the person’s name.
3.
4.
Occupational titles are always capitalized.
4.
5.
The title
sir
is capitalized when substituted for a complete name in a direct address.
5.
6.
The first letters of all four-letter words in titles of books, magazines, or newspapers are capitalized.
6.
7.
Names of specific language and ethnic designations are capitalized.
7.
8.
Specific and general educational course titles are capitalized.
8.
9.
E-mail and Web site addresses are usually not capitalized.
9.
10.
When compass directions designate specific regions, they are not capitalized.
10.
11.
Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions with fewer than four letters are not capitalized.
11.
12.
Seasons of the year connected to specific events are capitalized.
12.
13.
Always use an official document or a telephone directory to verify the spelling of the name of a group or government unit.
13.
14.
Capitalize the first letters of words in trademarks and brand names.
14.
15.
Never capitalize abbreviations for common nouns.
15.
16.
Capitalize all letters in all words in a mailing address on an envelope.
16.
17.
When a word separates the noun and number, capitalize the noun.
17.
18.
Do not capitalize the words
elect
,
former
,
late
, or
ex-
when used with titles.
18.
19.
A family title is capitalized when it is used with a possessive pronoun.
19.
20.
The words magazine and newspaper are always capitalized.
20.
PART B—Periods/Question Marks (15 pts.)
Directions
: Insert periods and question marks where needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is already punctuated correctly, do nothing.
Expanded spacing
between words has been applied to allow for extra room for inserting punctuation if needed
.
1.
She said, “Most PCs come with Web browsers and e-mail software”
2.
Last month No 2601 labels were out of stock, weren’t they
3.
Will your company charge extra for shipping special orders
4.
Katherine J Lucas was a Brand Bros representative for many years.
5.
Kayla asked if I had ordered the toner for the copier
6.
Office Systems, Inc, which sells by catalog, has a stable clientele.
7.
Please be sure to call me, Brittany, when the
Mr. Magic Whiteboard Markers
arrives
8.
Mrs Liz Alldred told me about a job opening at the TV station WISN.
9.
I budgeted $400 for my job search activities.
10.
My.
Part I Name one surprising fact you discovered about any of this .docxbridgelandying
Part I:
Name one surprising fact you discovered about any of this week's authors. Why did it surprise you?
Part II:
Most of the works this week were somewhat specific in terms of location.
How might the perspective have changed if the events were placed in a another location
? For instance, lynchings took place in the North, as well as the South. What is the significance of placing "Song for a Dark Girl" in the South? How would the impact have changed without that information? That is only one example.
Part III:
Although the focus of the week was race and ethnicity, Morrison, Hurston, and Walker present strong female characters.
What characteristics do these stories imply are desirable
? Discuss the
strengths and weaknesses of any one of these characters
. Use examples from the text to support your argument.
.
PART A Examine the relationship between advances in technology .docxbridgelandying
PART A:
Examine the relationship between advances in technology and the responsibilities of global citizenship. Describe how technology has changed the way in which people pursue knowledge and how they address social concerns. Assess the challenges and benefits of a technical and global community, and recognize the impact of technological and global influences in your life.
PART B:
Explain what you have learned about the principles guiding general education from this course and the courses you have taken in the past. What are the most important concepts you have learned (a) from this course and (b) throughout your time as a university student? What are your plans for putting your education to use within your community? How might your newly-acquired knowledge and skills shape your personal and professional development?
.
Part ASome questions in Part A require that you access data .docxbridgelandying
Part A
Some questions in Part A require that you access data from
Statistics for People Who (Think
T
hey) Hate Statistics
.
This data is available on the student website under the Student Text Resources link.
Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 2, test the research hypothesis at the .05 level of significance that boys raise their hands in class more often than girls. Do this practice problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the research hypothesis? Remember to first decide whether this is a one- or two-tailed test.
Using the same data set (Ch. 11 Data Set 2), test the research hypothesis at the .01 level of significance that there is a difference between boys and girls in the number of times they raise their hands in class. Do this practice problem by hand using a calculator. What is your conclusion regarding the research hypothesis? You used the same data for this problem as for Question 1, but you have a different hypothesis (one is directional and the other is nondirectional). How do the results differ and why?
Practice the following problems by hand just to see if you can get the numbers right. Using the following information, calculate the
t
test statistic.
Using the results you got from Question 3 and a level of significance at .05, what are the two-tailed critical values associated with each? Would the null hypothesis be rejected?
Using the data in the file named Ch. 11 Data Set 3, test the null hypothesis that urban and rural residents both have the same attitude toward gun control. Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to complete the analysis for this problem.
A public health researcher tested the hypothesis that providing new car buyers with child safety seats will also act as an incentive for parents to take other measures to protect their children (such as driving more safely, child-proofing the home, and so on). Dr. L counted all the occurrences of safe behaviors in the cars and homes of the parents who accepted the seats versus those who did not. The findings: a significant difference at the .013 level. Another researcher did exactly the same study; everything was the same—same type of sample, same outcome measures, same car seats, and so on. Dr. R’s results were marginally significant (recall Ch. 9) at the .051 level. Which result do you trust more and why?
In the following examples, indicate whether you would perform a
t
test of independent means or dependent means.
Two groups were exposed to different treatment levels for ankle sprains. Which treatment was most effective?
A researcher in nursing wanted to know if the recovery of patients was quicker when some received additional in-home care whereas when others received the standard amount.
A group of adolescent boys was offered interpersonal skills counseling and then tested in September and May to see if there was any impact on family harmony.
One group of adult men was given instructions in reducing their hi.
Part AOnce a change management project is underway, it is importan.docxbridgelandying
Part A
Once a change management project is underway, it is important to monitor the progress of the project, make changes as necessary and prepare the organization for the outcome of the change. Discuss the role of the leader in the change process, the different responsibilities that leaders and HR managers have in a change project.
Part B
Organizations, like all cultures, must continue to evolve or they stagnate and eventually become obsolete. Using change management tools can help an organization to stay vibrant and evolve over time to remain competitive. Research change management models and address the following:
Describe two or three change management models
.
Part ASome questions in Part A require that you access dat.docxbridgelandying
Part A
Some questions in Part A require that you access data from
Statistics for People Who (Think
T
hey) Hate Statistics
.
This data is available on the student website under the Student Text Resources link.
1.
Use the following data to answer Questions 1a and 1b.
Total no. of problems correct (out of a possible 20)
Attitude toward test taking (out of a possible 100)
17
94
13
73
12
59
15
80
16
93
14
85
16
66
16
79
18
77
19
91
a.
Compute the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient by hand and show all your work.
b.
Construct a scatterplot for these 10 values by hand. Based on the scatterplot, would you predict the correlation to be direct or indirect? Why?
2.
Rank the following correlation coefficients on strength of their relationship (list the weakest first):
+.71
+.36
–.45
.47
–.62
3.
Use IBM
®
SPSS
®
software to determine the correlation between hours of studying and grade point average for these honor students. Why is the correlation so low?
Hours of studying
GPA
23
3.95
12
3.90
15
4.00
14
3.76
16
3.97
21
3.89
14
3.66
11
3.91
18
3.80
9
3.89
4.
Look at the following table. What type of correlation coefficient would you use to examine the relationship between ethnicity (defined as different categories) and political affiliation? How about club membership (yes or no) and high school GPA? Explain why you selected the answers you did.
Level of Measurement and Examples
Variable
X
Variable
Y
Type of correlation
Correlation being computed
Nominal (voting preference, such as Republican or Democrat)
Nominal (gender, such as male or female)
Phi coefficient
The correlation between voting preference and gender
Nominal (social class, such as high, medium, or low)
Ordinal (rank in high school graduating class)
Rank biserial coefficient
The correlation between social class and rank in high school
Nominal (family configuration, such as intact or single parent)
Interval (grade point average)
Point biserial
The correlation between family configuration and grade point average
Ordinal (height converted to rank)
Ordinal (weight converted to rank)
Spearman rank correlation coefficient
The correlation between height and weight
Interval (number of problems solved)
Interval (age in years)
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
The correlation between number of problems solved and the age in years
5.
When two variables are correlated (such as strength and running speed), it also means that they are associated with one another. But if they are associated with one another, then why does one not cause the other?
6.
Given the following information, use Table B.4 in Appendix B of
Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics
to determine whether the correlations are significant and how you would interpret the results.
a.
The correlation between speed and strength for 20 women is .567. Test these results at the .01 level using a one-tailed test.
b.
The correlation between the number co.
Part I Describe the homeless narrator. What does Jackson Jackson .docxbridgelandying
Part I:
Describe the homeless narrator. What does Jackson Jackson mean when he says that he's been "disappearing" slowly but surely, "piece by piece"? Compare those lines with the closing lines (breathtaking in their beautiful imagery) when Jackson says, "They all watched me dance with my grandmother. I was my grandmother, dancing." (Sherman Alexie- “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”)
Part II:
Although the setting is Boston, we are exposed to Indian culture and values in Jhumpa Lahiri's "The Third and Final Continent." To what extent is the story about social and cultural differences--their reconcilability or irreconcilability? To what extent is the story about love, compatibility, disappointment, endurance, hope, against all odds? (Jhumpa Lahiri- “The Third and Final Continent”)
Part III:
Optional Extra Story/Response: After reading Native American author Louise Erdrich's short story
"The Shawl"
, consider how it is possible that children can re-envision and actually rewrite the history of their parents to create an opportunity for healing old wounds. This story tends to elicit an emotional response from readers. If you're one of them, share your experience after reading it.
Please post no fewer than 300 words making sure to balance your answers to the separate parts. You should use quotations to support your points, but they should not dominate your posts.
.
Part I 1page How does each of the five types of teams manag.docxbridgelandying
Part I 1page
How does each of the five types of teams manage their team boundaries? What are the trade- offs between internal cohesion and external ties within each type of team? (Challenging; Concept Q)
Part II 1 page
What skills, behaviors, and personality traits are common to transformational leaders? How does this leadership style affect their team, and how are those results different than those of a transactional leadership style?
.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Essay Questions Exam #1 Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm Emmanuel .docx
1. Essay Questions Exam #1
Due Sunday Oct 19th @ 10pm
Emmanuel
1. What are the differences between domestic law and
international law? What are the sources for international law?
Domestic law is enforced by legit government. Codified by a
legitimate government. Domestic law is dominated by
dominated by culture. No true international law
International law – 1) a nation can consent to be bound by
international law (agree to a treaty)
2)a convention (comes out of the UN) UN has to be signed by
each country- international contract. 3) also consent by custom
& practices.
2. What is "enfranchisement"? Discuss the amendments in the
US Constitution that applies to
Enfranchisement- to admit to the privileges of a citizen and
especially to the right of suffrage
Amendments
· 15th – blacks
· 19th –deals with women rights
· 23th –Washington D.C. can vote
· 24th – abolish property tax vote
· 26th – Lower voting age to 18 years
David Lopez
3. What is “ethics”? What is “morality”? What are the
2. differences between ethics, morality and the law? Briefly
discuss legal obligations, professional obligations and
organizational obligations.
As mentioned in chapter 5, at the most basic level, ethics
constitutes right or wrong behavior. It is a branch of philosophy
focusing on morality and the way moral principles are derived
and implemented. Ethics has to do with the fairness, justness,
rightness, or wrongness of an action. Morals are influenced by
culture or society, however they are principal’s set individually
by person to person. Business ethics and business law are
closely intertwined because ultimately the law rests on social
beliefs about right and wrong behavior in the business world.
4. What is "pleadings"? Discuss the contents of a complaint.
The complaint and answer, taken together, are known as the
pleadings.
-The facts showing that the court has subject- matter and
personal jurisdiction
-The facts establishing the plaintiff’s basis for relief,
-The remedy the plaintiff is seeking.
5. Discuss at least four reasons why the court will apply
equitable remedies. Note:UMIRU
Equitable remedies include specific performance, an injunction,
and rescission. Specific performance involves ordering a party
to perform an agreement as promised. An injunction is an order
to a party to cease engaging in a specific activity or to undo
some wrong or injury. Rescission is the cancellation of a
contractual obligation.Todays courts will not grant equitable
remedies unless the remedy at law (monetary damages )is
inadequate.
6. Briefly discuss the major publication, practices and
invention that had an influence on the US Constitution.
Ideas from many people and several existing documents,
3. including the Articles of Confederation and Declaration of
Independence had major influences on the publication for the
constitution.
7. What is evidence law? What criteria must be met for
evidence to be admissible.
The law of evidence provides principles and rules to prove facts
in a court.
To be admissible evidence must be relevant to the case and
follow:
Depositions (sworn testimony by either party or any witness).
Interrogatories (in which parties to the action write answers to
questions with the aid of their attorneys).
admissions, documents, examinations, or other information
relating to the case.
electronically recorded information, such as e-mail, text
messages, voice mail, and other data.
8. Briefly discuss the Articles of the US Constitution.
Article 1- All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested
in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a
Senate and House of Representatives. the U.S. Congress makes
the laws for the United States.
Article 2- The executive Power shall be vested in a President of
the United States of America. the President, Vice-President,
Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry
out the laws made by Congress.
Article 3- The judicial Power of the United States, shall be
vested in one supreme Court. The courts under the Supreme
Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the
correct federal, state, and local laws.
Article 4 -States have the power to make and carry out their
own laws. State laws that are related to the people and problems
of their area. States respect other states laws and work together
with other states to fix regional problems.
4. Article 5- The Constitution can be changed. New amendments
can be added to the US Constitution with the approval by a two-
thirds vote in each house of Congress , and three-fourth vote by
the states.
Article 6 - Federal powers: The Constitution and federal laws
are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with
the US Constitution.
Article 7: Ratification: The Constitution was presented to
George Washington and the men at the Constitutional
Convention on September 17, 1787, Representatives from
twelve out of the thirteen original states signed the
Constitution. From September 1787 to July 1788, the states
meet, talked about, and finally voted to approve the
Constitution.
9. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to marketing.
Laws applicable to marketing include those to protect
consumers from unfair or deceptive trade practices, including
deceptive advertising. Every businesses has a legal obligation to
ensure that those marketing and advertising materials are
truthful and not deceptive or otherwise a violation of the law.
10. What is “constitutional law”? What are the basic concepts
of the US Constitution.
It is a set of standards we have set out in our society. Our
country and states operate under all these laws.The Constitution
is the supreme law of the land. As such, it is the basis of all law
in the United States.
11.) The federal appellate districts by circuit and city are
District of Columbia, Washington, 1st Boston, 2nd New York,
3rd Philadelphia, 4th Richmond, 5th New Orleans, 6th
Cincinnati, 7th Chicago, 8th St. Louis, 9th San Francisco, 10th
Denver, 11th Atlanta and finally Federal Circuit. Federal
Circuit is any of the above places listed as the court rules by
5. directs.
Doug Jensen
12. In terms of the “balancing concept”, briefly discuss the
various tests the courts apply in balancing the interest of the
public with the exercise of individual rights. CSR
The balancing concept is that courts have to balance the rights
of individuals against the interest of the state, no rights are
absolute and exercise of rights are subject to restrictions by
government. The various test can be remembered as CSR,
Compelling interest test, Substantial relations test, and Rational
Basis test.
The Compelling interest test. Compelling Interest Test:
government must show a compelling interest, and the means to
achieve that compelling interest must be narrowly tailored such
that there are no other viable alternatives.
Substantial Relations Test: Government must show an
“important interest” and the means to achieve that important
interest must be substantially related.
Rational Basis Test: Government must show a “legitimate
interest” and the means to achieve that legitimate interest must
be rationally related.
13. What is the Common Law Legal System? What is the
primary source of law used in deciding cases in the Common
Law Legal System? Why do "court decisions" play a prominent
role in applying statutes in deciding cases? Hint-diversity,
cases before statutes and interpretation.
A "common law system" is a legal system that gives great
precedential weight to common law, on the principle that it is
unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions.
The primary source of law used in deciding cases in the
Common Law Legal System are old court case decisions. They
play such a prominent role in applying statutes because common
6. law uses the statutes that the other cases decided in a similar
case.
14. In general, discuss the elements of “LAW”.
The elements for law are as follows: culture, codification,
control, enforcement, and acceptability. Culture law is a
manifestation of the ethics, morals and cultural patterns of
society that defines good and bad behavior or right or wrong
behavior. Codification law is the product of a deliberative,
rational, logical process that is prescribed by law within that
society. Control Law is designed to regulate and control
conduct so that government, individuals and business will act in
a predictable manner given a “social, political or economic”
stimuli. Courts have the legal obligation to enforce the law.
Enforcement: only the courts can grant punishment or award
remedies after applying the law in determining if the law has
been violated. Acceptance: people expect the law to serve their
general interest.
15. What was the original intent of the “Bill of Rights”?
Which provisions of the “Bill of Rights” have not been
incorporated into the “Due Process Clause” of the 14th
Amendment.
The bill of rights was added to the constitution after it was
ratified because a political party at the time, called the
federalists, were afraid of giving the government too much
power. They compromised by adding the Bill of Rights, so
everyone would ratify the Constitution. The provisions that
have not been incorporated in the 14th amendment are the
“laws” that allow the court to restrict some rights if they are
narrowly tailored to do so. If society seems fit they can restrict
some rights even though the 14th amendment says they cannot.
16. In terms of “indirect democracy”, discuss the process by
which an “idea” is converted into a code.
In direct democracy it goes from an idea to a bill then to
7. the legislative process then it is converted into one version of
the bill then it goes to the governor and he/she signs bill and it
becomes a law in six months then a statute and then code.
17. What is the purpose of Article 1, section 8? Discuss at
least four provisions of Article 1, section 8.
The purpose for article 1 section 8 is that Congress shall have
Power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to
pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general
Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and
Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States. They are
a lot of provisions but I will discuss 4 of them.
One provision was for congress to borrow Money on the credit
of the United States; Congress is allowed to go into debt to pay
for government programs and services. Deficit spending by the
government was fairly rare in peacetime through much of
American history, but has been quite common in recent decades.
Another provision is for congress to provide for the Punishment
of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United
States aka don’t counterfeit.
Thirdly congress has the ability to promote the Progress of
Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to
Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective
Writings and Discoveries, which allows creative inventions.
Lastly, congress can declare War, grant Letters of Marque and
Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and
Water.
18. Discuss the functions of law in a legal system.
I guess in simple terms the function of law in a legal
system is to decide what is right and wrong. In reference to its
maintenance of order, law must decide exactly what is lawful
and what is not. In this same way, the purpose of law remains to
provide a basis for which one may lead a lawful life, with the
well-being of others as a consequence of such a function.
Another function of law is to create predictability in the judicial
8. field of view. Laws help advance a society because without
them we would just keep repeating history. Law maintains
individual freedoms while still keeping in mind what is moral
and right.
19. What is a “Suspect Classification”? Discuss the elements
of a “suspect classification”. IHMIE
In American jurisprudence, a suspect classification is any
classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting
they are likely the subject of discrimination. Suspect
classifications include classifications based on race, national
origin, and citizenship. Courts uphold suspect.
20. What is the function of Article 1, section 9. Discuss at
least four provisions of Article 1, section 9.
The Function of Article 1, section 9 is to limit the power of
Congress and it places limitations on how law is made in the
U.S. In The first clause, the constitution stops Congress from
banning the Importation of slaves before 1808. Next it provides
the privilege of a writ of habeas corpus. This allows a prisoner
to challenge his or her imprisonment in court. Third, it prohibits
a bill of attainder. Which are laws against specific people or
groups making them automatically guilty of crimes without a
normal court proceeding. Intended to deny and prevent
Congress from bypassing the courts and denying criminals there
guaranteed rights in the constitution. Fourth gives Congress the
power to impose a federal income tax and prohibits states from
imposing taxes on goods coming into their state from another
state.
Brittany Chavez
21. Discuss the contents of a "complaint".
9. A complaint is defined according to the book as, “the pleading
made by a plaintiff alleging wrongdoing on the part defendant;
the documents that, when filed with a court, initiates a lawsuit”.
The contents of a complaint are a three step process. The first
part of the complaint must maintain a statement that claims
there is a personal jurisdiction and a subject matter as stated as
facts by a court. Secondly, the same facts must demonstrate the
plaintiff’s basis for relief. Finally the complaint must state what
the plaintiff is seeking in order to receive relief.
Reference: (Text book) “Business Law: First Course (Text &
Cases)” p.52 & Glossary G-7
22. What is “critical thinking”? Discuss the various steps
applied for “critical thinking”. Note: SGARROOP-gara
Critical thinking is way of having another individual be
influenced on a position based on information, in which one has
a particular interest. One can achieve this goal using the
acronym SGARROOP-gara which are the steps that can be used
for “critical thinking” (Selecting A Topic, gathering
Information (Source of Information), authentication, relevancy,
accuracy/reliability, objective evaluation, organization,
professional presentation, identifying the audience, revision,
and appearance).
One must first start by selecting a topic in which we are
trying to convenience another individual. Secondly, one must
gather information relevant to the topic. Next, one must make
sure that the information is authentic, relevant on the topic and
on time, and accurate and reliable. Then, one must make sure
that the information presented has a clear objective and is
organized, as well as that the audience has been identified.
Finally that it is presented in a professional manner and
appearance, after careful revision.
Reference: (Power point) Introduction to law (1), slide 11.
23. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to human
resources.
10. The laws that are applicable to human resources, would be on
how to handle employees, discrimination laws, contract law,
and labor laws.
Reference: (Reader) pg. 6 under section f. labor
24. What is “Substantive Due Process”? Discuss the various
methods used to challenge an act of government. IVOCR
The substantive due process according to the book, “is focused
on the content of legislation rather than how fair the procedure
may be. It places limit on the legislative and executive
capacities, based on the due process of fifth and fourteenth
amendment. This lets government violate an individual
fundamental rights only if there is a compelling interest on
rational basis.
Reference :( Text book) “Business Law: First Course (Text &
Cases)” p.89, Reader pg. 12
25. Discuss the various forms of legal reasoning. DILAT
Legal Reasoning is using information to persuade a judge in a
particular decision. DILAT can be used in legal reasoning.
(Deductive-general to specific, inductive-specific to general,
linear interconnection of relevant facts, analogy-no law on
point, use law that relates, traditional). Legal Reasoning is used
in questioning how to settle a case by previous cases decisions.
One can use IRAC, which stands for issue, rule, application and
conclusion.
Reference: (Power point) US court systems (1), slide 12.(Text
book) “Business Law: First Course (Text & Cases)” p.9.
26. Discuss the Articles and Amendments that apply to the
Executive Branch in the US Constitution.
Article II, and the 12th, 20th, 22nd, and 25th amendments apply
to the Executive Branch in the US Constitution.
Reference :( Power point) Constitutional Law, slide 3.
27. In terms of the “Equal Protection Clause”, discuss the tests
11. used by the courts to determine if an act of government is a
form of unreasonable or reasonable” classification scheme. SSR
Depending on a court they will classify the case, as different
scrutiny “or tests”. These test are used by the courts to
determine if an act of government is a form of “unreasonable or
reasonable”. They are strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, or
the “rational basis” test.
Reference: (Text book) “Business Law: First Course (Text &
Cases)” p.89
28. What is “Due Process”? Discuss the key elements of “Due
Process”. Note-ACU
Based on the fifth and fourteenth amendment states, “that no
person shall be deprived of “of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law”. The due process has two aspects, one of
which is procedural due process and the other substantive due
process. The procedural due process, requires that decisions to
take life, liberty, or property must be made equitably. Meaning,
during a court decisions both sides of the issue must be given
proper notice and an opportunity to be heard. The substantive
due process, states that legislation must be fair and reasonable
in content and must further a legislative governmental
objective. (ACU refers to arbitrary, capricious, and
unreasonable).
Arbitrary- the acts of the government must be based on critical
thinking that deals with
anecdotal, emotional or illogical criteria. Capricious- The
decisions made must minimizes the harm to the unprotected
group. Unreasonable- the government cannot make a distinction
among human beings based on immutable characteristics (such
as race, color, national origin, gender, gender plus, disability,
age, or religion.
Reference: (Text book) “Business Law: First Course (Text &
Cases)” p.88-89
29. Discuss the laws applicable to the Adversarial Litigation
12. Process. SPR
Laws applicable to the adversarial litigation process are
Substantive Law: Domestic, government, economic and civil
relationships. Procedural Law: proving how individual rights
have been violated as substantive laws.
Yueling Xu
30. In general, discuss the various types of legal systems around
the world. Note: Distinguish each by source of law.
A. Providing Order and Predictability -- a totally safe and
predictable world cannot be guaranteed, but a climate can be
created which makes it worthwhile for people to be productive
and live rich, fulfilling lives, focused on their hopes and dreams
for tomorrow, as opposed to a "live for today" attitude. Law is
supposed to enrich everyday life in society. It's supposed to
produce a reaction in people where they say, "the law will take
care of that" so they can go on about their business.
B. Resolving Disputes -- both individuals and organizations are
going to have
disagreements, and unless we are willing to tolerate vigilantism,
then the much preferred system is one in which people turn over
their disputes to the proper authorities for official handling.
Disputes are then "settled" according to one or more standards
of proof, which in most justice systems consist of the following
categories subject to various theoretical and applied
interpretations.
C. Protecting Individuals and Property -- most laws deal with
protection of self and property, and exist to punish those who
harm, steal, destroy, or cheat. In addition, a civil law exists
which allows victims to sue for damages. The function of law
here is pretty clear-cut -- to keep people from being in fear and
constant anxiety about the potential loss of life and property.
Property is a central concept in law and a term subject to
13. philosophical debate, but the point is that property rights are the
best-known way of protecting the "little guy" from "big guys."
D. Providing for the General Welfare -- law has a synergistic
effect and also enables the biggest bang for the smallest buck.
It allows numerous groups in society to at least vent and/or
accomplish things that individuals could not accomplish alone.
Written constitutions usually contain guarantees of this; e.g.,
providing for the common defense, secure the blessings of
liberty, etc. This function also usually entails the government
stepping in to coordinate or create some public service, which is
handled badly by individuals or the private sector. The concept
of general welfare is similar to the concept of "commonwealth"
which is the idea that all interests in society are to be protected,
not just a narrow class of interests or some segment of the
population.
E. Protecting Individual Liberties -- stated as well as implied
(civil) rights exist under a rule of law, and often the weaker,
more implied rights are in need of the most protection,
sometimes from the government itself. It is an unique feature
of sophisticated legal systems of law that the law-givers and
law-enforcers are also subject to the same laws that ordinary
citizens are accountable for, not that this is dwelled upon, but it
cannot be taken for granted either. This is just in the nature of
the idea of rights, that they are always contestable, and that
they always involve subjective perceptions of injustice.
31. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to research and
development.
This Act serves to protect various inventions and ideas made by
a person, within this context, a business researcher. For
instance, inventions to do with feasible and implementable
managerial ideas, and which can, theoretically, are transferred
to managers upon a binding agreement, and possibly an
acknowledgement. (The Office of Research Integrity, n.d.).
14. They safeguard the interests if the people. Researchers can
sometimes fabricate results and findings to influence or
manipulate certain business or managerial decisions or
opinions; hence this law puts them in check.
32. Discuss the Legal Aspects of the Constitution in terms of
structure of government, voting/enfranchisement and civil
liberties.
This Act serves to protect various inventions and ideas made by
a person, within this context, a business researcher. For
instance, inventions to do with feasible and implementable
managerial ideas, and which can, theoretically, are transferred
to managers upon a binding agreement, and possibly an
acknowledgement. (The Office of Research Integrity, n.d.).
They safeguard the interests if the people. Researchers can
sometimes fabricate results and findings to influence or
manipulate certain business or managerial decisions or
opinions; hence this law puts them in check.
33. What distinguishes "international law" from "domestic
law"? What are the sources of international rules and
regulations?
This Act serves to protect various inventions and ideas made by
a person, within this context, a business researcher. For
instance, inventions to do with feasible and implementable
managerial ideas, and which can, theoretically, are transferred
to managers upon a binding agreement, and possibly an
acknowledgement. (The Office of Research Integrity, n.d.).
They safeguard the interests if the people. Researchers can
sometimes fabricate results and findings to influence or
manipulate certain business or managerial decisions or
opinions; hence this law puts them in check.
34. Briefly discuss the various forms of criminal remedies.
15. Remedies at law are an award of money damages that will
compensate the injured party for his losses. Remedies at law
consist of compensatory damages, nominal damages, liquidated
damages, and punitive damages.
Compensatory damages- is when the court must compensate the
injured person for the provable losses he has suffered as well as
for the provable gains that he has been prevented from realizing
by breach of contract.
Nominal damages- are very small awards that are given when a
technical breach of contract has occurred without causing any
actual or provable economic loss.
Liquidated damages- are when a contract states that a specific
sum shall be recoverable if the contract is breached.
Punitive damages- are damages awarded in addition to the
compensatory remedy that are designed to punish a defendant
for particularly reprehensible behavior and to deter the
defendant and others from committing similar behavior in the
future.
Remedies in equity come from cases in which money damages
alone are not adequate to fully compensate for a party’s
injuries. Remedies in equity are as follows:
Specific performance- is an equitable remedy whereby the court
orders the breaching party to perform his contractual duties as
promised.
Injunction- is a court order requiring someone to do or not to do
something.
What is “Procedural Due Process”. Briefly discuss the steps
applicable to Procedural Due Process.
Procedural due process-is the requirement that government
decision is to take away a person’s life, liberty or property must
be made fairly. Fair procedures must be used in coming to this
decision. The government must provide the defendant with a
fair opportunity to object the decision to the judge.
16. What is the primary source of law in the Common Law Legal
System. Discuss how court decisions came to play a prominent
role in the “Common Law Legal System”. LPD
Common law- is a judge made law. Case law plays a big
decision in resolving disputes.
The system of common law operated on case decisions. Case
law is not a law but it assists the courts on applying the codes.
Some factors that explain the role of case law are the “rule of
precedent”, the Appellate process, and the stare devises.
37. Discuss “FILAC” in terms of briefing a case.
F Facts: the basic building blocks of the case. The facts provide
the context in which the legal issue is to be resolved.
I Issue: the issue is the question that caused the lawyers/clients
to enter the legal system. It’s the reason they are in court.
L Law: in reaching a decision the court must apply the law. The
judges cannot offer just any reasoning; they must look back at
previous decisions.
A Analyze: the application of the facts to the law in deciding
the case including rationale decision, review of cases, past
cases.
C Conclusion: who won the case- (only)
38. Discuss the differences between the civil and criminal
cases. Note: discuss at least four differences.
The differences between civil and criminal cases are as follows.
Civil Cases are individual on individuals and are on equal
footing. They are based on a preponderance of evidence.
Meaning how is more believable. So no need for an unanimous
verdict and the 4th,5th,6thand 8th amendment do not apply.
There is no right to a trial by jury and no intent is required here.
Criminal cases do not take place on equal footing and you must
17. prove beyond a reasonable doubt the person is guilty. Specific
and general Intent and mental state is required and you must
prove that the person is not insane. The above amendments do
apply and there is a right to a trial by jury. And finally a
unanimous verdict is required.
Kevin Gomez
39. Compare and contrast linear legal reason, deductive legal
reasoning and reasoning by analogy.
#39. Legal reasoning mainly involves our critical thinking
skills, which are used to gather several sources of information
and persuade either a person or group of people to believe our
ideas and/or position. Legal reasoning contains several different
steps including its first which is to "select a topic" to the last
which is to "present the information in a professional matter".
Deductive reasoning is when conclusions are based off of other
statements which are said to be true without really knowing
whether they are or not. Reasoning by analogy is when courts
use related laws and cases to come up with a conclusion.
Meaning the outcome of one case, can lead to the outcome of
another case.
40. What is “Jurisprudence”? Discuss the various theories of
“jurisprudence”.
#40. Jurisprudence is the study and process of how to
evaluate law. There are several theories of jurisprudence. #1.
Law & Morality: law that reflects our norms, values, and
attitude #2. Legal Realism: who enforces law and what it is #3.
Legal Positivism: what the sovereign says law is #4. Natural
Law: unjust law #5. Sociological Law: law to prevent violence
from competing groups 6. Economic Realism: law compatible
with business needs 7. Legal Criticism: created to maintain
current distribution of powers 8. Philosophical Law: to create
ideal society
18. 41. What is public law? List and discuss the various types of
public law. CCCARE
#41. Public law are rights and obligations the government
use to deal with people. For example the CCCARE fall under
this category. Constitutional law is law based on the U.S.
Constitution. Criminal law are laws that define actions that
constitute crimes. Criminal procedure is a step by step process
in reaching a decision. Administrative law are laws created by
agencies that set up rules and regulations. Regulatory law are
created by administrative agencies. Entitlement law are laws
that give the individual a right to receive a value or benefit
provided by the government.
42. Briefly discuss the Amendments of the Bill of Rights.
#42. The US Constitution has twenty-seven amendments
and the first ten of those are the "Bill of Rights" which regulate
relations between government and individuals. 1st amendment
states people have freedom of speech, religion, press, etc. 2nd
amendment- right for people to bear arms. 3rd-protection from
quartering troops. 4th-protection from unreasonable search and
seizure. 5th-due process, double jeopardy, private property. 6t-
trial by jury. 7th-civil trial by jury. 8th-prohibition of excessive
bail and cruel punishment. 9th-protection of rights not
enumerated in the Bill of Rights. 10th-power of states and
people.
43. Discuss at least four rights one acquires in various
relationships protected by Substantive Law.
#43. Substantive law consist of all laws that are involved
to create legal rights and obligations. Those rights for example
are contracts, constitutional rights, property, and family.
Contracts as simple a repairment which guarantees you
somebody's honorable work and if an issue arises, it can lead to
court. Constitutional rights such as keeping the government
from interrupting with people's life, liberty, and property.
Property which belongs to an individual or company is under
19. their possession and can't be taken away for no specific reason.
Substantive laws keep our family safe because they define and
regulate all sources of law which include crime.
44. Discuss the four types of procedural law.
#44. Procedural law is the process for settling disputes and
enforcing those rights established by substantive law. There are
four different types which is evidence, criminal procedure,
administrative law and civil procedure. Evidence includes any
writings, statements, object, testimonies used in court of law to
prove that matter. Criminal procedure is concerned with the
wrongs committed to the public. Need of a local, state, or
federal government against that person or persons.
Administrative law are the laws created by agencies to form
rules and regulations. Civil procedure is process of disputing a
wrong against individuals, that violate another's rights. These
cases usually include one person suing another.
45. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to top management.
#45. Appropriate laws applicable to top management are
patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Patents are the grants
governments give to an inventor which is the privilege to make,
use, or sell his or her invention. Copyright is the exclusive right
of authors to publish, print, or sell some sort of production.
Trademarks are distinctive marks, slogans, motto, device, etc
that a manufacturer produces and identified as their makings.
46. What is “civil procedure”? Discuss the process from
Pleadings to Appeal.
#46. Civil procedure is the step by step process the court
must go through in reaching a decision in a civil matter. To
appeal a case an individual first has to deal and go through the
State Court of Original Jurisdiction, than deal with State Courts
of Appeal, after they must go through the Supreme Court, which
leads to dealing with the US Courts of Appeal, and finally last
step is the US Supreme Court.
20. 47. What is a “legal system”? Discuss the common
characteristics of a legal system.
Legal systems are institutions within government designed to
apply the law was enacted by the other branches of government
and maintain peaceful resolution of disputes. Common
characteristics are peaceful resolution of conflict in society,
promote the ethical and moral standards of society,
Establishment of a formal process in which the law is applied in
resolving disputes and Predictability in resolving dispute when
the law is applied.
Alfonso Cano
48. Briefly discuss the elements of traditional legal reasoning.
Note:F (I)LRCSP
The elements of legal reasoning are finding facts of the case.
Then introduction to the case and finding the laws that are
relevant. As well rationale, case analysis , social impact, and
personal opinion are elements to legal reasoning.
49. Discuss at least three pre-trial written motions to avoid
trial.
-“Motion to Dismiss” is when either party is asking the
court to dismiss the case for the specified reasons, such as
improper service, lack of personal jurisdiction, or the plaintiffs
failure to state a claim of which relief can be granted. “Motion
for Judgment” is when the court is asked to decide the issue
solely on the pleadings without proceeding to trial. This is
asked in the closing of the pleading. “Motion for Summary
Judgment” is when the court is asked to grant a judgment in that
party’s favor without trial. The motion can be made before or
during the trial. The court will only grant if no facts are in
dispute and only the question is how the law applies to the
facts. Judgment can be supported by evidence outside of the
pleading.
21. 50. Discuss civil procedure from pretrial motions to Appeal
-Pretrial motions is when the court is requested, by a
motion, to decide the case prior to trial based on information
contained in the pleading. Next part of the procedure is
“discovery”. This process is when information is obtained from
the opposing party or from witnesses prior to trial. Next process
is “Pretrial Conference” which is when the attorney may meet
with the trial judge to either explore the possibility or a
settlement or to identify the matters in dispute and to plan the
course of the trial. Following are “The Right to a Jury Trial”
and “Jury Selection” which are when a party decide to ask for a
jury or decide to waive their right to a jury. If they do decide to
have one then will select a panel of judges. Next is the trial
which contains opening statements, examination of witnesses,
potential motions, closing arguments, jury instructions, and the
verdict. Post trial motions is when motions are requested to ask
for a new trial for problems within the case. Final process is the
appeal which is when either party may appeal not only the jury's
verdict but also the judges ruling on any pretrial or post trial
motion.
51. Discuss the provisions of Section I of the 14th Amendment.
· Section I of the 14th Amendment provides that no states shall
deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due
process if they are a citizen of the United States; nor deny any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
This applies to both the federal government and state
government.
52. Discuss at least five reasons why relevant, reliable and un-
bias evidence is made inadmissible.
1. Exclusionary Rules: violations of constitutions cannot be
used.
2. Judicial Discretion: judges can decide to deny any evidence
that may buy the jury, impress jury, fright the jury, or confuse
the jury.
22. 3. Spousal Privilege: Information shared between spouses may
not be used in order to encourage spousal harmony or to prevent
them spouses from having to condemn, or be condemned by
their own.
4. Doctor-Client Privilege: Protects medical information and
communications between a patient and his or her doctor from
being used against the patient in court.
5. Attorney-Client Privilege: Any communication between a
client and his or her attorney becomes confidential and cannot
be used against them in court.
53. What is a “remedy”. Discuss the differences between
remedies at law and remedies in equity.
- Remedy is the relief given to an innocent party to enforce
a right or compensate for the violation of a right. Remedy at law
is when a dispute is settled by compensating the plaintiff with
either land, items of value, or money. Remedy in equity is when
monetary compensation is not adequate. Therefore they are
compensated by remedies of specific performances, an
injunction, or rescission. The difference comes to the form of
compensation. If it is compensated by monetary value then it is
“remedy at law” and if it is compensated by the act of a specific
performance, injunction, or rescission then it is “remedy in
equity”.
54. Discuss the differences between law, ethics and morality.
-Law is determined by the courts and are influenced by
society in order to control behaviors within it. Ethics is an
individual standard that are right or wrong conduct.
Furthermore it is moral principles and values applied to social
behavior. Morality is the social standard defining good or bad
social conduct. In a court law is enforced but morality and
ethics is not. Therefore morality is the social standard of good
or bad social conduct while ethics is an individual’s standard of
what is right and wrong. Law is then the government’s
standards of how society should behave.
23. 55. What is “voting/enfranchisement”? Discuss the various
amendments associated with “voting/enfranchisement”.
-Enfranchisement is the right for any US citizen to vote without
being denied by any state government. Amendment 15 prevents
a citizens vote to be denied due to race, color, or previous
condition of servitude. Amendment 19 prevents this from
happening as well due on account of sex. Amendment 26 also
prevents a vote from being denied if a citizen is 18 years or
over.
56.) Civil liberties are personal guarantees and our individual
rights and freedoms that the government cannot infringe upon
and are protected by law. The amendment associated with this is
the first amendment. For example freedom of religion, speech
and press.
Yousef
57. Compare and contrast legal positivism, natural law,
historical legal theory and legal realism.
Comparison
They are both theories of jurisprudence
Contrast
Legal positivism is a school of thought of positivism whereby
the positivists believe that the law offers reasonable guidance to
its subjects and the judges at the trial courts, natural law is
whereby the legislature is limited to the power of legislative
rulers, historical legal theory is marked by judges who consider
history, traditions and customs when making a decision in court
and finally legal realism argues that law has the power it has
due to what the judges and executives do with it.
58. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to supply chain
management.
· The suppliers should comply with all the laws of the
country in which they are doing the business. They should
24. respect the code of ethics set so as to work according to the law.
· The suppliers should ensure that they employ adults to
avoid child labor. Adults should have completed their education
to the required level to be able to work for the suppliers.
· All the workers should be treated fairly with respect and
dignity. The employers should not in any case expose the
workers to danger or physical torture.
59. Discuss the appropriate laws applicable to accounting and
finance.
· The company should ensure that they have accurate
accounts, records and disclosures as required by the law
· The company should ensure proper authorization and
approval of transactions since this is an essential part of the
business
60. Discuss constitutional development from the printing press
to Thomas Jefferson.
The printing press and Markzware FlightCheck are the
preflight solution for preflighting to check documents for
potential printing errors during pre-press.
61. Discuss the ranking of law in the United States.
The ranking of law firms in the United States depends on
chambers in the USA and areas of law. Law firms that have a
national presence are also ranked in Nationwide tables and
every states a leading firm is ranked according to the areas of
law; corporate, labor and employment, litigation and real
estates. The ranking at state level are based upon the location in
which a firm or lawyer practices.
62. In terms of "critical thinking", what is "professionalism"?
Discuss the elements of professionalism, for example
"eliminating glaring errors"? Remember there are four.
Professionalism is the competence of the workers at work.
Elements of professionalism
25. · Work ethics includes time management and how one
treasure his/her job. Most companies chose to provide a
standard list of ethics that guides the company.
· When working in a certain company you are like an
ambassador of that company hence you are supposed to present
yourself well since the way you represent yourself reflects upon
the company you represent.
· The professionals are supposed to be kind, polite and
understanding. Maintaining a positive attitude towards work and
your fellow colleagues is expected no matter how hard or
irritating the work is.
· Confidentiality will help a professional to be able to
convince the clients and it makes it possible for the client to
trust you with their information.
63. Discuss the elements of critical thinking, for example
"relevancy".
· There is a purpose behind all reasoning
· There are assumptions behind all reasoning.
· Every other reasoning is done from a certain point of
view.
· All reasoning is based on some kind of data, evidence
and information.
64. List the districts of the "Federal Appellate Districts".
· District of Columbia
· American Samoa
65. What is the "civil code system"? What are the variations of
the "civil code system". For example the "Spanish Civil Code
System
The civil code system is a systematic collection of laws that are
made up in a way that they deal with the major areas of private
law
· In civil code system courts lack much freedom to
interpret laws.
· Judges are supposed to follow what the codes of the
country say to do in any case
26. 65.) Civil Code System is a legal system originating in Europe
within the framework of late Roman Law. Its primary feature is
that its core principles are codified into a referable system
which serves as the primary source of law. It’s been traced back
to Hammurabi of Babylon. Some Variations are the German
code system. Which never used prior cases and had case before
a judge. It spread by European Colonialism. Next was the
Spanish Civil Code System, Which was tied to the Catholic
Church for many years. And finally the Confucious Civil Code
System which Stated you did not need court systems and to
cooperate with others to maintain society.
Ahmed Tariq
66. What is the "Bifurcated Legal System"? Discuss the
various forms of the bifurcated legal system. For example, the
"Sub-Saharan African Legal System".
Ans:-Incorporates two source laws in one legal system; local
law and tradition
67. Discuss the various tests used by the courts to determine if
the actions of government is in violation of the US Constitution.
Ans:-Strict scrutiny is perhaps the most rigorous standard of
legal review/test utilized by courts in the US and forms part of
the power structure of standards which courts employ to weigh
government's involvement on a constitutional principle or right
-Intermediate scrutiny in which a law must meet an important
government interest
-Rational basis test requires that the law be rationally related to
that interest.
68. Discuss the various forms of "state action". PAAE
Ans:State action doctrine comes from the US legal concept that
constitution protections such as the First and the Fourteenth
Amendments only become applicable with any actual
strength to the persuasive state power against an individual, as
27. opposed to the persuasive of a person against the person. State
action includes:
a. Blatant state action e.g. by local,gov actor, agency, etc
b. Enforcing by law of private decisions
c. Private parties performing conventional government functions
d. Private parties adequately embroiled with the government via
funding or regulation
69. Discuss the various forms of "obligations owed by
individuals in the workplace". LPO
Ans:-These can be better clarified in the context of contract of
employment, however the law also states that there are some
duties and obligations owed by a worker to his employee, even
when the contract is silent on them. These comprises of:
1. To act in a reasonable way just like what a good employee
should do in any situation.
2. being honest always.
3. Not to interrupt business, for instance participating in a
boycott / industrial action.
4. Disclose a crime does not incorporate spent convictions,
however the worker must divulge a crime by other workers,
regardless if incriminates them.
5. Perform and follow employer orders -legal ones only.
6. Not to reveal the employer's private information.
7. Work with skill and reasonable care.
8. Taking care of the employer's /premises/property/belongings
if using it.
9. Not to indulge in a competing business against the employer
whilst still working for him as an employee.
10. Refraining from taking bribes.
11. Accept changes along with new changes implemented by the
employer e.g. introduction of new computers which help
employees in their work
12. Give any inventions/innovations to employers if these are
created by the worker in the course of his employment.
28. 70. List and explain laws applicable to "Finance and
Accounting".
Ans: Credit Laws, Banking Laws, Bankruptcy, Contract Laws,
Securities Laws, Regulatory Laws, Sarbanes Oxley Law.
71. Briefly discuss the functional areas of business.
Ans: There are many tasks every business needs to do if it is
going to succeed. Each of these tasks is described as being a
function of a business. The following is a brief introduction to
each of these functions:
Human Resources - ensures the business has the best staff for
the job and that they are able to work effectively in a safe
environment;
Finance - will keep a record of all money coming in and going
out of the business. They have responsibility for securing
finances for future expansion and paying staff and suppliers.
Administration and ICT support - ensure the smooth running of
the business on a day-to-day basis. They have responsibility for
clerical duties, cleaning, computer and software support,
security and health and safety;
Operations - have the task of producing the goods or service in
the most efficient way. This is done by making best use of the
business's staff, machinery, building and raw materials;
marketing and sales - will try and maximize the level of sales
by carrying out market research and promoting the goods or
service through a motivated sales team;
Customer Service - will help the customer before and after a
sale has been made by providing information, giving advice,
providing credit facilities, delivering goods and providing after-
sales support;
research and development - will help the business remain
competitive by developing new goods and services and updating
the existing ones; Use of ICT - ICT will be used in each of
these functional
72. What is “stare decisis”? Briefly explain the role of cases in
29. the “common law legal system” in terms of interpretation,
diversity, court decisions preceding laws and reason by analogy.
Ans:Stare decisis is a legal principle by which judges are
obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
73. Discuss the appellate process from superior court to the
United States Supreme Court.
74. List the 13 federal appellate districts in the United States
and the location of each court.
The 13 federal appellate districts in the U.S are District of
Columbia, Washington. First circuit Boston, Second Circuit
New York, Third Circuit Philadelphia, Fourth Circuit
Richmond, Fifth Circuit New Orleans, Sixth CircuitCincinnati,
Seventh Circuit Chicago, Eight Circuit St. Louis, Ninth Circuit
San Francisco, Tenth Circuit Denver, Eleventh Circuit Atlanta,
Federal Circuit All of the above places
Auburey Addison