Discover the wines of the Loire Valley, France. A region often toiling in the shadow of Bordeaux & Burgundy but has as much to offer, exceptional value, both classic and unique offerings: Sancerre, Pouilly Fumé, Chinon, Muscadet & Vouvray...to name but a few.
Burgundy is one of the more Romantic of all wine regions. They have mastered the growing of the finicky Piont Noir grape, and created the creamiest of Chardonnay's. Enjoy walking the dusty vineyards of the famous region of Burgundy France.
German wines and Sparkling wines from around the globeshweta_1712
118 slides on German wines and sparkling wines from around the globe:
The section on German wines covers
-Introduction
-History
-Factsheet
-Important White Wine Grapes
-Important Red Wine Grapes
-German Wine Regions
-Sub regions of regions
-Reading a German Wine label
-German Specialty Wines
-Total number of wineries and area under cultivation
-Famous wineries
-Popular wines
-Food and wine pairing
-German wine festivals
Sparkling wines section covers
-Champagne
-Cava
-Asti
-Prosecco
- Trento Doc
-Sekt
-Sovetskoye Shampanskoye
-Shiraz
-Methode Cap Classique
Hope it helps :)
65 slides on Spanish wines covering
Introduction
Factsheet
10 important Spanish grapes
Area under cultivation
Regions and sub regions
Reading the wine label
Famous Red Wines
Famous White Wines
Famous Rose Wine
Food and wine pairing
Hope it helps :)
Discover the wines of the Loire Valley, France. A region often toiling in the shadow of Bordeaux & Burgundy but has as much to offer, exceptional value, both classic and unique offerings: Sancerre, Pouilly Fumé, Chinon, Muscadet & Vouvray...to name but a few.
Burgundy is one of the more Romantic of all wine regions. They have mastered the growing of the finicky Piont Noir grape, and created the creamiest of Chardonnay's. Enjoy walking the dusty vineyards of the famous region of Burgundy France.
German wines and Sparkling wines from around the globeshweta_1712
118 slides on German wines and sparkling wines from around the globe:
The section on German wines covers
-Introduction
-History
-Factsheet
-Important White Wine Grapes
-Important Red Wine Grapes
-German Wine Regions
-Sub regions of regions
-Reading a German Wine label
-German Specialty Wines
-Total number of wineries and area under cultivation
-Famous wineries
-Popular wines
-Food and wine pairing
-German wine festivals
Sparkling wines section covers
-Champagne
-Cava
-Asti
-Prosecco
- Trento Doc
-Sekt
-Sovetskoye Shampanskoye
-Shiraz
-Methode Cap Classique
Hope it helps :)
65 slides on Spanish wines covering
Introduction
Factsheet
10 important Spanish grapes
Area under cultivation
Regions and sub regions
Reading the wine label
Famous Red Wines
Famous White Wines
Famous Rose Wine
Food and wine pairing
Hope it helps :)
The story of the California wine industry is replete with interesting characters, historical milestones, and wacky situations.
Indeed, the history of wine in California is tied to the history of modern California itself. It all began with the Spanish colonization of the area. During the 18th Century Spanish missionaries, led by Franciscan friar Junípero Serra Ferrer established a series of missions ranging from San Diego to Sonoma. And, of course, the one thing that is absolutely necessary for Catholic mass is nor a chapel or church, but WINE for the sacrament. It was the friar, monks, and their parishioners who first discovered that California provided ideal conditions for the making of good wine.
It wasn’t until the 19th century and immigration of other Europeans that California wine became a commercial proposition. The discovery of gold in 1848 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains brought an influx of fortune seekers from around the world. The discovery preceded the annexation of California from Mexico by only about a month, and the following year saw the population of the state explode. While a few made their fortunes, many did not. But, one fact was certainly true… they were a thirsty bunch.
It was a ready and open market for alcohol that spurred many of the early pioneers in the business to plant a few acres and start making wine for the “forty-niners” and others who followed in their wake.
While today, we tend to think of Napa Valley as the best that California has to offer, the early pioneers settled in other areas like Sonoma and Livermore. In 1882, three Czech brothers named Korbel built a winery in western Sonoma County and began making sparkling wine, one of the earliest wineries to do so. A year later in 1883, Carl Wente planted 43 acres in Livermore Valley and began a 130 legacy that is still owned and operated by the fourth and fifth generation Wente family. Their contributions to California wine include the Wente clone of Chardonnay, which is widely planted throughout the state and the backbone of many great wines from many producers.
Other’s followed and carried the industry into the 20th Century… Georges de Latour, Andre Tchelistcheff, Cesare, Peter, and Robert Mondavi, and Ernest and Julio Gallo are but a few of a long list of names of individuals whose vision, determination, and spunk have made California wine what it is today.
The story of the California wine industry is replete with interesting characters, historical milestones, and wacky situations.
Indeed, the history of wine in California is tied to the history of modern California itself. It all began with the Spanish colonization of the area. During the 18th Century Spanish missionaries, led by Franciscan friar Junípero Serra Ferrer established a series of missions ranging from San Diego to Sonoma. And, of course, the one thing that is absolutely necessary for Catholic mass is nor a chapel or church, but WINE for the sacrament. It was the friar, monks, and their parishioners who first discovered that California provided ideal conditions for the making of good wine.
It wasn’t until the 19th century and immigration of other Europeans that California wine became a commercial proposition. The discovery of gold in 1848 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains brought an influx of fortune seekers from around the world. The discovery preceded the annexation of California from Mexico by only about a month, and the following year saw the population of the state explode. While a few made their fortunes, many did not. But, one fact was certainly true… they were a thirsty bunch.
It was a ready and open market for alcohol that spurred many of the early pioneers in the business to plant a few acres and start making wine for the “forty-niners” and others who followed in their wake.
While today, we tend to think of Napa Valley as the best that California has to offer, the early pioneers settled in other areas like Sonoma and Livermore. In 1882, three Czech brothers named Korbel built a winery in western Sonoma County and began making sparkling wine, one of the earliest wineries to do so. A year later in 1883, Carl Wente planted 43 acres in Livermore Valley and began a 130 legacy that is still owned and operated by the fourth and fifth generation Wente family. Their contributions to California wine include the Wente clone of Chardonnay, which is widely planted throughout the state and the backbone of many great wines from many producers.
Other’s followed and carried the industry into the 20th Century… Georges de Latour, Andre Tchelistcheff, Cesare, Peter, and Robert Mondavi, and Ernest and Julio Gallo are but a few of a long list of names of individuals whose vision, determination, and spunk have made California wine what it is today.
This presentation gives you important statistics and information about wines from different regions of France and also varieties of grapes used to produced these wines.
This presentation was prepared for educational purposes and you can also use it freely,just don't forget to mention me and give credits.it was created with lots of effort.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
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Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
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Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
1. STAFF TRAINING MODULE
Rhone Valley
Southern France’s Rhône Valley is one of the most prominent areas for red wine
production in the country. Over 100 million gallons of wine are produced in the
region annually, spanning the spectrum of quality from the inexpensive bistro
fare of Côtes-du-Rhône to the powerful and emblematic wines of appellations
like Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Côte-Rôtie, and Hermitage.
1
2. The Region
In total, more than two dozen AOCs lie along the Rhône river’s path, but they
may be conveniently grouped into two categories: the appellations of the
Southern Rhône and those of the North. The two regions produce red wines
that are distinct from one another, but the appellations within each region
generally fall into a similar profile of style. White wines from either region are
rare; collectively, 95% of the valley’s vineyards are planted with red varieties.
From its headwaters in Switzerland, the Rhône river flows southward through
France toward the Mediterranean coastline; the waterway has been an impor-
tant vein of trade for over two millennia, and today it connects the cities of Lyon,
Vienne, Valence and Avignon with the sea. Winemaking along the Rhône river
has an equally long history, dating to the era of the Roman Empire: Pliny the
Elder’s description of the resin-flavored vinum picatum produced in the hillsides
near Vienne is preserved in the writer’s Natural History. Over a thousand years
later, Pope Clement V moved the Roman Catholic papal seat from Rome to
Avignon, and legend suggests that a knight returning from the Crusades built a
small chapel on hill overlooking the river. The “Castle of the Popes” and the
small pilgrim’s chapel today stand as respective and enduring symbols for two of
the Rhône Valley’s greatest wines, Châteauneuf-du-Pape and Hermitage.
The Grapes
2
Syrah is the dominant red grape of
the Northern Rhône Valley, and it is
used as a minor blending compo-
nent in the red wines of the South-
ern Rhône Valley. Typically, Syrah
varietal wines are characterized by
savory pepper, smoke, grilled
meat, olive, and lavender aromas;
they often show bitter black and
raspberry fruits, fresh acidity, and
silky tannins. The wines are
medium-full bodied, and producers
may or may not include new oak
barrels in the production process.
Traditionally, the overtly sweet,
toasty flavors of new oak would be
out of place in the Rhône Valley.
Grenache is the chief red grape of
the Southern Rhône Valley, and it is
a majority component in most of
the blended red wines of the area.
It is rarely encountered in the
Northern Rhône. Grenache ripens
easily; it produces heady wines with
ripe to dried red fruit characteris-
tics, herbal tones that mimic the
region’s scrub of wild thyme and
rosemary, and feral, rustic notes of
leather and saddle. Grenache is
higher in alcohol, and lower in
tannin and tartness than Syrah.
Like Syrah, producers rarely use
new oak for Grenache, aging it in
large old oak or cement vessels
instead.
Viognier is aromatically intense,
floral, peachy, and luxurious on the
palate. These wines may see a
small percentage of new oak, but
too much wood overwhelms the
grape’s exotic profile.
Marsanne and Roussanne often
blended, deliver medium- to
full-bodied, waxy-textured white
wines with aromas reminiscent of
apricot, almond, and parsnip.
Grenache Blanc is the white variant
of Grenache and a usual compo-
nent in white blends of the South-
ern Rhône. Grenache Blanc is
prone to flavors of oxidation: nut
and bruised apple.
3. Northern Rhône Valley
The Northern Rhône Valley is dwarfed by its neighbor to the south in terms of sheer size of
production. Defined growing areas are typically much smaller in the north, and a substantial
number of the region’s better vineyards are planted on steep, terraced granite hillsides rising
sharply from the river valley below
While the Southern Rhône Valley enjoys a fully Mediterranean climate, the Northern Rhône Valley
experiences a more continental climate marked by drastic seasonal changes and a shorter
growing season. Nonetheless, it still bears a warmer climate than Bordeaux or Burgundy, and the
region’s winegrowers can successfully cultivate the indigenous Syrah grape. All Northern Rhône
reds are produced from Syrah; however, some appellations allow a small percentage of white
grapes to be included in the cuvée.
3
4. Major Northern RhôneAOCs
Hermitage Crozes-Hermitage Côte-Rôtie
4
Long considered the region’s
premier AOC, the southwest-facing
hill of Hermitage rises above the
town of Tain l’Hermitage and is
dominated by the holdings of
larger firms like M. Chapoutier and
Paul Jaboulet Aine. White and red
wine are produced.
As the Northern Rhône’s largest and
most ordinary appellation,
Crozes-Hermitage includes flatter land
flanking the hill of Hermitage. White
and red wine are produced.
On the “roasted slope” just south
of Vienne, Syrah may be
co-fermented with a small amount
of the white Viognier grape. E.
Guigal is the AOC’s most famous
name. Red wine only.
Saint-Joseph Cornas Condrieu
Wines of variable quality, from the
routine to the sublime, emerge
from this larger AOC on the
western bank of the river. Along
with Crozes-Hermitage, St-Joseph
is considered a good introduction
to the region, and it may be an
excellent value.
Once considered backward and rustic,
this small appellation is producing many
exciting, tiny production wines. The
wines must be 100% Syrah. Red wine
only.
White wines from the Viognier
grape. Château Grillet is a
monopole AOC of only 4 hectares
located entirely within the confines
of Condrieu.
5.
6. Southern Rhône Valley
As the Rhône river passes Montélimar, the valley flattens and widens. The Southern Rhône Valley
is windswept, arid, and warm; it is covered with large swaths of vineyard and garrigue—a
Mediterranean scrub of lavender, rosemary, thyme, and other shrubbery.
The Southern Rhône Valley produces nearly 95% of the entire region’s wines, and nearly all of it is
red. Blends are common, and Grenache is usually the dominant component. Basic examples of
the style are produced as Côtes du Rhône AOC, the region’s largest appellation. Good quality
examples may carry the name of an AOC like Gigondas or Vacqueyras; however, the Southern
Rhône’s premier appellation is Châteauneuf-du-Pape. The AOC, which takes its name from a
castle constructed by Pope John XXII in the early 14th century, authorizes over a dozen red and
white varieties for its wines, but in practice most reds from the appellation are composed of
Grenache, with lesser amounts of Mourvèdre, Syrah, Counoise and Cinsault.
In addition to red and white wine, the Southern Rhône Valley produces rosés and fortified wines
from Muscat and Grenache.
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7.
8. Major Southern RhôneAOCs
Côtes du Rhône Côtes du Rhône-Villages Tavel
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Basic quality wines produced
throughout the Rhône Valley. Most
wines in this category are produced
in the Southern Rhône. Red, White
and Rosé Wines
Superior wines from a delimited area
within the larger Côtes du Rhône
boundaries. Producers in 17 villages
within this AOC may append the village
name to the AOC on the label. Red,
White and Rosé Wine
Tavel AOC is the Southern Rhône’s
best area for dry rosé production.
Rosé Only.
Châteauneuf-du-Pape Gigondas Vacqueyras
The reds of the Southern Rhône’s
most prestigious AOC can be
powerful, warming, and complex;
however, in hot vintages the reds
may suffer from an excess of
alcohol, appearing jammy and
raisinated. Red and White Wine.
Once part of the Côtes du
Rhône-Villages AOC, the wines of this
village received their own AOC in 1971.
The wines are similar to those of
Châteauneuf-du-Pape but often slightly
lighter in body. Red and Rosé Wine.
Like Gigondas, Vacqueyras was
once a part of the Côtes du
Rhône-Villages AOC, but the
village’s reputation for quality
resulted in a promotion for the
village to AOC status in 1990. Red,
White and Rosé Wine.
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
This sweet, floral fortified Muscat
makes an excellent aperitif or
dessert selection.
9. Selling Rhône Wines
Northern Rhône Syrah is a great accompaniment to savory dishes that feature aromatic herbs
and spices—black pepper, spices, rosemary and thyme—but it doesn’t work as well with
spices that add heat. Lamb, earthy and exotic dishes often marry well with the style.
Southern Rhône reds can be big, burly, concentrated wines, and they are not for the faint of
heart! Try suggesting a powerful Châteauneuf-du-Pape to a guest who enjoys richer Zinfandel
or other high alcohol New World wines but is interested in exploring an earthier Old World
style.
Young Rhône reds may often provide a more pleasurable drinking experience than Bordeaux
wines of an equivalent age.
Don’t forget about rosé! As guests gear up for spring and summer, a glass of Tavel (or
Provence) rosé is a really satisfying, food-friendly way to begin a meal.
Rhône whites are not often on guests’ radar. The oily texture, lower acidity, and perfumed
aromas of Viognier can be a pleasant find for guests who are tired of California Chardonnay
but not quite ready for the acidity and nerve of a northern French white wine like Sancerre or
Chablis. Take the opportunity to introduce an unfamiliar guest to a little-known appellation
like Condrieu and they may score some points with their more wine-savvy friends!
Review questions
1. What grape variety is typically the dominant component in red blends
produced in the Southern Rhône Valley?
2. What style of wine is released under the Condrieu AOC?
3. What AOC surrounds the castle that once served as a palace for the
Roman Catholic Popes of Avignon?
4. What is the basic appellation for red, white, and rosé wines produced
throughout the Rhône Valley?
5. What is the primary grape variety in the Northern Rhône Valley?
6. Where is Hermitage AOC located?
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