Rahim Ibrahimov presented Azerbaijan's draft Country Working Plan (CWP) for the ENP East Countries/FLEG II Program. The CWP focuses on continuing efforts from FLEG I, ensuring consistency with national principles and the St. Petersburg Declaration. It includes priorities like combating illegal logging and grazing, restoring forests, increasing public involvement, and improving legislation and enforcement. The CWP consists of 5 units covering sustainable forest management, improving governance, sustainable pasture management, guaranteeing community access, and raising public awareness.
Improving forest law enforcement and governance in the Russian Federation (Su...ENPI FLEG
This textbook provides training modules on improving forest law enforcement and governance in Russia. It was produced with assistance from the EU as part of its program to improve forest law enforcement in Eastern European countries. The textbook contains 6 modules that cover topics such as Russia's legal framework for forests, federal forest oversight, scaling and recording harvested wood, forest certification, public involvement in forest management, and addressing corruption risks. It is intended to provide knowledge for administrative decision-making to prevent illegal logging and promote sustainable forest management.
The document summarizes key points from a meeting about the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument East Countries Forest Law Enforcement and Governance II Program (FLEG-II Program) in Russia. It discusses:
1. Key outcomes of the previous FLEG-I Program in Russia including mainstreaming FLEG, assessments, training, and studies.
2. New challenges in the forestry sector that FLEG-II aims to address such as changes in policy, legislation, and international agreements.
3. Priority areas for FLEG-II in Russia including improving planning and monitoring, building human capacity, facilitating company actions, and increasing transparency.
4. Initial priority activities
The document summarizes key points from a meeting about the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument East Countries Forest Law Enforcement and Governance II Program (FLEG-II Program) in Russia. It discusses:
1. Key outcomes of the previous FLEG-I Program in Russia including mainstreaming FLEG, assessments, training, and studies.
2. New challenges in the forestry sector that FLEG-II aims to address such as changes in policy, legislation, and international agreements.
3. Priority areas for FLEG-II in Russia including improving planning and monitoring, building human capacity, facilitating company actions, and increasing transparency.
The document summarizes Georgia's presentation at a steering committee meeting on forest management. It discusses recent developments in Georgia's forest sector, including restructuring the forest unit and developing a new forest policy. It also outlines ongoing activities like completing staffing of new forest bodies and inventorying certain forests. Finally, it proposes a 1-year workplan for Georgia, including assessing the impacts of forestry licensing, measuring the value of natural resources, and developing sustainable forest management plans and communication strategies.
Country Workplan for the Russian Federation. To improve response planning, im...ENPI FLEG
This document discusses progress under Russia's country workplan for improving forest law enforcement and governance. It notes that improving forest governance is a priority in Russia that aligns with the goals of the FLEG process. The document analyzes Russia's forest policies, international obligations, implications of joining the WTO, and need for awareness and predictive models. It argues that a legally binding agreement on European forests could help address conflicts, facilitate cooperation, and legitimize sustainable forest management policies across the region.
The document outlines several key Polish environmental laws that businesses must adhere to, including laws governing: emissions into the atmosphere and wastewater discharge; environmental charges; waste management; chemicals; water protection; climate; noise protection; and environmental inspections. It notes that businesses are responsible for understanding and complying with these regulations and may face inspections to check compliance.
Rahim Ibrahimov presented Azerbaijan's draft Country Working Plan (CWP) for the ENP East Countries/FLEG II Program. The CWP focuses on continuing efforts from FLEG I, ensuring consistency with national principles and the St. Petersburg Declaration. It includes priorities like combating illegal logging and grazing, restoring forests, increasing public involvement, and improving legislation and enforcement. The CWP consists of 5 units covering sustainable forest management, improving governance, sustainable pasture management, guaranteeing community access, and raising public awareness.
Improving forest law enforcement and governance in the Russian Federation (Su...ENPI FLEG
This textbook provides training modules on improving forest law enforcement and governance in Russia. It was produced with assistance from the EU as part of its program to improve forest law enforcement in Eastern European countries. The textbook contains 6 modules that cover topics such as Russia's legal framework for forests, federal forest oversight, scaling and recording harvested wood, forest certification, public involvement in forest management, and addressing corruption risks. It is intended to provide knowledge for administrative decision-making to prevent illegal logging and promote sustainable forest management.
The document summarizes key points from a meeting about the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument East Countries Forest Law Enforcement and Governance II Program (FLEG-II Program) in Russia. It discusses:
1. Key outcomes of the previous FLEG-I Program in Russia including mainstreaming FLEG, assessments, training, and studies.
2. New challenges in the forestry sector that FLEG-II aims to address such as changes in policy, legislation, and international agreements.
3. Priority areas for FLEG-II in Russia including improving planning and monitoring, building human capacity, facilitating company actions, and increasing transparency.
4. Initial priority activities
The document summarizes key points from a meeting about the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument East Countries Forest Law Enforcement and Governance II Program (FLEG-II Program) in Russia. It discusses:
1. Key outcomes of the previous FLEG-I Program in Russia including mainstreaming FLEG, assessments, training, and studies.
2. New challenges in the forestry sector that FLEG-II aims to address such as changes in policy, legislation, and international agreements.
3. Priority areas for FLEG-II in Russia including improving planning and monitoring, building human capacity, facilitating company actions, and increasing transparency.
The document summarizes Georgia's presentation at a steering committee meeting on forest management. It discusses recent developments in Georgia's forest sector, including restructuring the forest unit and developing a new forest policy. It also outlines ongoing activities like completing staffing of new forest bodies and inventorying certain forests. Finally, it proposes a 1-year workplan for Georgia, including assessing the impacts of forestry licensing, measuring the value of natural resources, and developing sustainable forest management plans and communication strategies.
Country Workplan for the Russian Federation. To improve response planning, im...ENPI FLEG
This document discusses progress under Russia's country workplan for improving forest law enforcement and governance. It notes that improving forest governance is a priority in Russia that aligns with the goals of the FLEG process. The document analyzes Russia's forest policies, international obligations, implications of joining the WTO, and need for awareness and predictive models. It argues that a legally binding agreement on European forests could help address conflicts, facilitate cooperation, and legitimize sustainable forest management policies across the region.
The document outlines several key Polish environmental laws that businesses must adhere to, including laws governing: emissions into the atmosphere and wastewater discharge; environmental charges; waste management; chemicals; water protection; climate; noise protection; and environmental inspections. It notes that businesses are responsible for understanding and complying with these regulations and may face inspections to check compliance.
Law enforcement and governance in forest use, protection and renewal. Summary...ENPI FLEG
This textbook provides training modules on forest governance and law enforcement for students pursuing forestry degrees. It covers topics like forest use, pest management, fire management, and renewal. Each module describes relevant laws and regulations, administrative actions, and decision-making procedures. The textbook aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed for sustainable forest management careers in government forestry agencies. It prioritizes developing applied, occupational skills over academic topics, in line with the applied nature of managing forest lands and resources. The four modules are intended to strengthen the human resources of regional forestry authorities in Russia.
TEEB Scoping study for forestry sector of AzerbaijanENPI FLEG
This document provides a scoping study for a potential full TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) study on the forestry sector in Azerbaijan. It summarizes the country's forest resources, ecosystem services they provide, and governance/management challenges. Under business as usual practices, unsustainable logging, overgrazing, and climate change impacts threaten forests. A sustainable ecosystem management approach could maximize long-term economic and social benefits by sustainably using forest resources. The study recommends a future full TEEB study analyze alternative policy scenarios and their impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform sustainable forest policies in Azerbaijan.
Analysis of the Voluntary Forest Certification Potential within Forestry Sect...ENPI FLEG
This document provides an analysis of the potential for voluntary forest certification under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) scheme within Azerbaijan's forestry sector. It begins with background on FSC as an international organization and describes FSC's vision, mission, global strategy, and the different types of FSC certification. It then assesses Azerbaijan's current forestry situation in the context of FSC certification, including challenges and opportunities. The document analyzes how Azerbaijan's existing laws and policies correspond with FSC principles and criteria. It concludes by outlining possible steps to promote voluntary forest certification in Azerbaijan.
Montenegro forest management reform studyFranc Ferlin
First forestry sector reform study, including analysis of forestry institutions and management of forests (by concessions) with proposals and valuation of possible re-organisatinal models
Analysis of Voluntary Forest Certification Potential within Forestry Sector o...ENPI FLEG
This document provides an overview of the current policy and institutional conditions regarding forest certification in Georgia. It notes that Georgia's forest policy expresses commitment to sustainable forest management and certification. Responsibilities for forestry have been transferred to the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection. A new National Forestry Agency has been established to manage forests, while a Forest Policy Service coordinates policy implementation. The document reviews the roles of various actors and identifies opportunities and challenges for certification in Georgia.
Forest legislation, institutional development and forest policy study of the ...Franc Ferlin
The executive summary summarises the results of my 16-months expert work in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska) including:
1) Situation of forests and forestry in Republic of Srpska with measures undertaken and proposed by forestry authorities;
2) Analysis of organisation, functioning and development of forestry institutions of the Republic of Srpska;
3) International commitments and initiatives on the protection, sustainable management and biodiversity of forest ecosystems and their incorporation in forest legislation and policy of each entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina;
4) Overview of forestry organisation models of the selected European countries (EU and PHARE;
5) Analysis of forest management regions and forest management plans;
6) ssessment of sustainability of forestry and forest management in the Republic of Srpska (using the European criteria and indicators, supplemented with possible national indicators);
7) Analysis of the forest and other laws consistence (the Hunting Law, the Water Resources Law and the Concession Law);
8) Analysis and assessment of the Forest Law and regulations with recommendations for change and harmonisation;
9) Proposal of possible models of reorganisation and functioning of forestry of the Republic of Srpska;
10) Proposal of organisational solution for Republic of Srpska forestry, elaborated by local forestry institutions;
11) Gap analysis of the proposal of organisational solution for Republic of Srpska forestry, elaborated by local forestry institutions.
The entire study (in English and Bosnian Serbian) comprises 300+ pages.
Republic of Moldova: comparative analys is of the national forest legislation...ENPI FLEG
Republic of Moldova: comparative analys is of the national forest legislation with the international legal framework for ensuring an efficient management of forest resources
This document outlines the purpose and key points of a presentation on Armenia's Country Work Program (CWP) under the EU's ENPI East Countries FLEG II Program. The presentation addresses: (1) links to results from the previous FLEG Program; (2) why proposed country activities are strategic; (3) how activities correspond to global strategies; and (4) potential synergies with other country programs. It identifies priority topics for FLEG II, including legal reforms, building human resources, public awareness/monitoring, sustainable forest management, and improved planning/monitoring. It also notes links between Armenia's activities and priorities in the Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine CWPs.
The document provides information on forests and forest management in Georgia. It notes that all forest land is state-owned, comprising about 40% of the country's territory. The Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources manages the country's forests through the Forestry Agency and Agency of Protected Areas. The ENPI FLEG Program aims to establish sustainable forest management practices and strengthen governance. Activities include reviews of legislation and management, training programs, and public awareness campaigns. The program is implemented in Georgia by the World Bank, WWF and IUCN with guidance from a National Program Advisory Committee.
Summary: Ways of improving the methodology of the targeted program approach i...ENPI FLEG
Summary: Ways of improving the methodology of the targeted program approach in the forestry sector with the aim of increasing the efficiency of forest management in the Russian Federation
Recommendations for establishing a flexible and effective institutional frame...Franc Ferlin
Recommendations for establishing a flexible and effective institutional framework for the National Forestry Agency and other forest related bodies in Georgia (2018) based on the National forest policy concept (2013), Draft Forest Code (2017), corresponding European forestry organisation models and EU regulations
The document summarizes the 4th Steering Committee Meeting held in Brussels, Belgium on December 12-13, 2016. It provides an overview of Azerbaijan's country presentation, including key priority areas from 2013 to 2016 such as developing a young foresters' movement and strengthening staff capacity in the forest sector. It also outlines key results achieved in areas like sustainable forest management, training programs, and climate change adaptation. Ideas for future initiatives are presented, such as restoring forest landscapes and introducing information technologies to support forest management and monitoring.
This document provides a biodiversity action plan (BAP) for PT SEM-Biodiversity's geothermal project. The BAP aims to mitigate impacts to biodiversity from project activities, manage any adverse impacts, and achieve no net loss of biodiversity values. It focuses on globally, nationally, or regionally important species and habitats in the study area. Key priority species include birds, arboreal mammals, and terrestrial mammals. The BAP involves 4 action plans - monitoring endangered species and habitats, cooperating with the adjacent national park, collaborating with stakeholders to protect the surrounding landscape, and raising community awareness of endangered species. Each action plan provides detailed objectives, targets, indicators, and conservation actions.
Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management in Montenegro, SN…Franc Ferlin
This document has been drafted within the national working group (consisting of Alija Bralic, Zehra Demic, Blazo Jokanovic, Dragan Markovic, Kenan Pepic, Dragan Terzic, Joveta Terzic, and Zarko Vucinic) and harmonized by Milosav Anđelić, assistant minister, under my expert guidelines, facilitation and preparation of consolidated final text for publishing. The document has also been endorsed by the Minister (in 2012) as a regulation / rulebook, based on the Forest law. The monograph published in Montenegrin and English.
The document analyzes five voluntary standards - FairWild, PEFC, FOS, MSC, and FFL - based on an analytical framework from the ITC/IUCN report. The framework evaluates the standards across four factors: species-level, governance, supply-chain, and end-market. The analysis finds that FairWild and MSC provide more robust indicators and scoring guidance, allowing for greater sustainability. It also notes that indicators alone do not guarantee sustainability and more case studies are needed. The document suggests voluntary standards could help measure sustainable wild trade in the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
A presentation by Jaroslav Tymrak, the Head of the Technical Unit at PEFC International, given at the May 2010 Stakeholder Dialogue held in Geneva, Switzerland.
The document summarizes the key results and activities of the FLEG II Country Program in Armenia from 2013 to 2016. It discusses priority areas including improving forest law and policy, building human capacity, increasing public awareness, strengthening sustainable forest management, and improving FLEG planning and monitoring. Key results included establishing public monitoring of forests to empower citizens to protect forests, training volunteers, using satellite imagery, and generating media attention. The program also introduced briquetting to reduce fuelwood consumption and donated efficient stoves. An exit strategy is to transition to a forest landscape restoration approach building on FLEG successes.
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This textbook provides training modules on forest governance and law enforcement for students pursuing forestry degrees. It covers topics like forest use, pest management, fire management, and renewal. Each module describes relevant laws and regulations, administrative actions, and decision-making procedures. The textbook aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed for sustainable forest management careers in government forestry agencies. It prioritizes developing applied, occupational skills over academic topics, in line with the applied nature of managing forest lands and resources. The four modules are intended to strengthen the human resources of regional forestry authorities in Russia.
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This document provides an overview of the current policy and institutional conditions regarding forest certification in Georgia. It notes that Georgia's forest policy expresses commitment to sustainable forest management and certification. Responsibilities for forestry have been transferred to the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection. A new National Forestry Agency has been established to manage forests, while a Forest Policy Service coordinates policy implementation. The document reviews the roles of various actors and identifies opportunities and challenges for certification in Georgia.
Forest legislation, institutional development and forest policy study of the ...Franc Ferlin
The executive summary summarises the results of my 16-months expert work in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska) including:
1) Situation of forests and forestry in Republic of Srpska with measures undertaken and proposed by forestry authorities;
2) Analysis of organisation, functioning and development of forestry institutions of the Republic of Srpska;
3) International commitments and initiatives on the protection, sustainable management and biodiversity of forest ecosystems and their incorporation in forest legislation and policy of each entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina;
4) Overview of forestry organisation models of the selected European countries (EU and PHARE;
5) Analysis of forest management regions and forest management plans;
6) ssessment of sustainability of forestry and forest management in the Republic of Srpska (using the European criteria and indicators, supplemented with possible national indicators);
7) Analysis of the forest and other laws consistence (the Hunting Law, the Water Resources Law and the Concession Law);
8) Analysis and assessment of the Forest Law and regulations with recommendations for change and harmonisation;
9) Proposal of possible models of reorganisation and functioning of forestry of the Republic of Srpska;
10) Proposal of organisational solution for Republic of Srpska forestry, elaborated by local forestry institutions;
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Republic of Moldova: comparative analys is of the national forest legislation...ENPI FLEG
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Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management in Montenegro, SN…Franc Ferlin
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The document summarizes the key results and activities of the FLEG II Country Program in Armenia from 2013 to 2016. It discusses priority areas including improving forest law and policy, building human capacity, increasing public awareness, strengthening sustainable forest management, and improving FLEG planning and monitoring. Key results included establishing public monitoring of forests to empower citizens to protect forests, training volunteers, using satellite imagery, and generating media attention. The program also introduced briquetting to reduce fuelwood consumption and donated efficient stoves. An exit strategy is to transition to a forest landscape restoration approach building on FLEG successes.
Belarus' country priorities from 2013-2016 included updating forest policy and legislation, optimizing forest management systems, improving forestry training, and forest communication strategies. Key results included supporting strategic planning reforms through 2030, passing a new Forestry Code in 2016, and improving timber tracking systems. Forest managers participated in study tours and workshops on sustainable practices. FLEG helped introduce dialogue and new economic opportunities for rural communities based on forests. FLEG-supported policies will regulate ongoing forest management and strengthen international cooperation.
1) The document summarizes key results from Georgia's FLEG II Program from 2013-2016, including drafting a new Forest Code, developing supporting legislation, and building capacity of government institutions and forest users.
2) The program supported sustainable forest management practices through developing sustainable forest management plans, facilitating natural regeneration, and establishing a protected area. It also increased public awareness through educational activities.
3) A success story highlighted a video contest winner that depicted program objectives simply. Another success was reaching an agreement to manage the forests of Tusheti Protected Landscape locally, though it presented challenges of an unprecedented institutional setup and capacity building needs.
The 4th Steering Committee Meeting covered Moldova's priority areas in forest law enforcement and governance (FLEG) from 2013 to 2016. Key results included reforms to Moldova's forest institutional structure based on FLEG data, expanded forested areas, and development of a wood traceability system. Capacity building efforts trained local stakeholders in sustainable forest management. Outreach increased public awareness of FLEG through media coverage and educational events. An exit strategy was discussed to sustain FLEG progress through existing agencies like Moldsilva and projects from the World Bank and IUCN.
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The 4th Steering Committee Meeting for Ukraine's country presentation summarized key results from 2013 to 2016 under the FLEG-2 Program. Priority areas included supporting forest policy and strategy dialogue, improving forest law enforcement and governance, and increasing transparency and public awareness. Despite challenges, the program team maintained priorities of reforming the forest sector. Key results included analytical works that informed legislative reforms, increased awareness of forest issues, and trainings on topics like GIS and forest management. An exit strategy aims to continue efforts through working groups, experts on committees, and NGO partnerships to further reforms and ensure sustainability of the FLEG-2 Program's initiatives.
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Review of Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice of Forest Pest Management and Sanitary Safety (Summary in English)
1. Review of Legislation and Law Enforcement
Practice of Forest Pest Management and
Sanitary Safety
Summary in English
Summary
A.N. Bobribsky
E.P. Kuzmichev
M.N. Yagunov
УДК 630.93+630.41
ББК 67.407 + 44.9
А 64
Review of Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice of Forest Pest Management and Sanitary
Safety: Monograph / A.N. Bobrinsky, E.P. Kuzmichev, M.N. Yagunov; Ed. RAS Corresponding member E.P.
Kuzmichev. – Moscow: World Bank, 2015. – 88 pp.
Reviewers:
ISВN 978–5–904131–30–2
The work was performed under the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument East Countries
Forest Law Enforcement and Governance II Program (FLEG II – ENPI East). The Program is aimed at
improving forest management mechanisms as a result of addressing priority tasks outlined in the St.
Petersburg Ministerial Declaration and Indicative Plan of Actions for the Europe and North Asia Forest Law
Enforcement and Governance (ENA-FLEG) process.
The work presents a review of pest management legislation and its practical application reflecting
professional perceptions in this sphere of forest relations.
The monograph is intended for forest experts, as well as a wide range of stakeholders interested in the
development of forest relations.
Moscow 2015
This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and con clusions of this publication are the sole
responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi -fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views
expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations.
2. C ON TEN TS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
. . .5
CHAPTER 1.
Scale of Forest Damage and Death in the Russian Federation . . .7
1.1. Forest Dieback and Death in Russia . . .7
1.2. Forecast of Forest Dieback and Death . . .9
1.3. Economic Assessment of Forest Damage and Death . .12
1.4. Forest Pest Management and Sanitary Safety in Forestry
Development Projections
. .13
1.5. Fundamentals of the National Forest Pest Management Policy . .14
CHAPTER 2.
Legislative and Regulatory Control of Forest Governance in Forest Pest
Management and Sanitary Safety
. .16
2.1. Forest Pest Management . .16
2.2. Forest Sanitary Safety . .22
2.3. Forest Pest Monitoring . .31
CHAPTER 3.
Standards of Forest Pest Management and Sanitary Safety in Forest
Planning Documents
. .39
3.1. Forest Plan of a Subject of the Russian Federation . .39
3.2. Forest Management Regulations of a Forest District and Forest Park . .43
3.3. Forest Development Plan . .44
3.4. Relevance of Projected Changes in Forest Condition in Forest
Planning Documents
. .44
CHAPTER 5.
3. CHAPTER 4.
Challenges of Compliance with Forest Pest Management and Sanitary
Safety Standards
. .47
4.1. Forest Pest Surveys . .48
4.1.1. Complete Forest Pest Enumeration . .50
4.1.2. Selective Forest Pest Enumeration . .50
4.1.3. Visual Forest Pest Enumeration . .51
4.1.4. Outcomes of Forest Pest Surveys . .52
4.1.5. Risks of Professional Errors in Forest Pest Surveys . .54
4.2. Pest Recording . .55
4.2.1. Specifics of Defoliating Pest Recording . .56
4.2.2. Risks of Professional Errors in Pest Recording . .58
CHAPTER 5.
Administrative Actions on Forest Pest Management and Sanitary Safety ..60
5.1. Administrative Actions Based on the Results of Forest Pest Monitoring ..60
5.2. Administrative Actions on the Arranging and Implementation of Pest Management
Operations ..62
5.2.1. Planning of Forest Pest Surveys ..63
5.2.2. Implementation of Forest Pest Surveys ..64
5.2.3. Administrative Decisions Based on the Results of Forest Pest Surveys
..65
5.2.4. Administrative Decisions on Planning and Implementation of Operations in Pest
Outbreak Areas ..66
5.2.5. Administrative Decisions on Salvage and Preventive Operations ..70
5.2.6. Specifics of Administrative Decisions on Salvage and Preventive Operations in
Forest Areas Assigned for Long-Term Use ..75
4. CHAPTER 6.
Quality Control of Forest Pest Management Operations ..77
6.1. Quality Control of Forest Pest Surveys ..78
6.2. Quality Control of Pest Outbreak Containment and Eradication ..78
6.3. Quality Control of Salvage and Preventive Operations ..79
Conclusion ..82
References ..83
Abbreviations ..86
5. FOREWORD
Forest pest management is an essential forest management operation critical for the condition
of Russian forests. The efficiency of pest management is largely dependent on administrative
decisions and law enforcement practice in this area.
Dramatic changes in forest relations formalized in the Forest Code of the Russian Federation
(2006) also affected the key aspects of pest management. During the period of application of pest
management and sanitary safety standards specified in the Forest Code, the professional
community has come to feel the need for major revisions in this part of forest legislation. Public
discussions of the issue have generated several legislative initiatives.
Forest mortality annually occurs in Russia over about 0.45 million ha, and the amount of timber
in areas of complete dieback is generally estimated as 45.5 million m3
per year. In addition, trees are
annually damaged in forest stands affected by fire, windblows, pests, and other natural disasters.
The overall amount of timber annually damaged in Russian forests makes up about 796 million m3
,
which is almost 4 times larger than the annual amount of timber harvesting. This attests the high
significance of forest pest management and sanitary safety.
Fundamental regulations on forest pest management and sanitary safety were established by
the RF Forest Code (2006) and Rules of Sanitary Safety in Forests. The majority of standards
regulating this part of forest relations are contained in guidance documents that are advisory in
nature.
However, the existing pest management and sanitary safety regulations are far from perfect,
and fail to provide the basis for sustainable development and efficient forest use. Major deficiencies
include ambiguous definitions of basic concepts such as “pest management”, “sanitary safety”, and
“forest pest monitoring”.
The imperfection of forest legislation with regard to pest management and sanitary safety most
obviously manifests in forest planning documents. According to the law, forest management
regulations and forest development plans require projection of salvage cutting, as well as pest
outbreak containment and eradication. However, the need for such operations occurs as a result of
natural events that cannot be forecasted for a long-term period – fires, windblows, pest outbreaks,
etc. The established procedure for making changes to forest planning documents actually enacts
their recurrent complete revision due to forest damage and mortality. This deficient rule exists
because forest planning documents do not specify a minimum threshold of changes occurring in
forests.
The main difficulty in the application of pest management and sanitary safety standards stems
from the declarative nature of respective by-laws. The Rules of Sanitary Safety in Forests are a
framework document specifying that pest management operations should be implemented in
accordance with methodological documents to be approved according to the established procedure.
This provision suggests enactment of a regulation governing the enforcement of standards and
requirements specified in the Rules of Sanitary Safety. At the same time, enforcement of forest
legislation is, with few exceptions, the subject-matter of civil law, labor law and other related laws.
Methodological documents on pest management include guidelines (on pest surveys, salvage
and preventive operations, pest outbreak containment and eradication). They are approved by the
order of the Federal Forestry Agency that was not registered according to the established procedure
and thus failed to become a legally binding document. In addition to extensive amount of regulatory
and reference information on pest management and sanitary safety, the guidelines contain
instructions conflicting with Russian laws. Basically, the standards and reference information
presented in the guidelines make up the major part of the Rules of Sanitary Safety in Forests.
6. In the current practice, administrative actions on pest management and sanitary safety are
grouped in two areas: actions based on the results of forest pest monitoring or pest surveys. Results
of forest pest monitoring provide the basis for pest outbreak containment and eradication operations.
The bulk of administrative decisions is related to sanitary safety in forests, and is based on the
results of forest pest surveys. Activities in this area have some specific features in forests assigned
for long-term use (lease, permanent perpetual use).
Quality control of pest management operations is performed by forest service officials as part of
public federal forest supervision, as well as during inspections to check the execution of delegated
powers by Russian regions in the area of forest relations.
7. About FLEG II(ENPI East) Program
The Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) II European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
(ENPI) East Countries Program supports participating countries’ forest governance. At the regional level, the
Program aims to implement the 2005 St. Petersburg FLEG Ministerial Declaration and support countries to
commit to a time-bound action plan; at the national level the Program will review or revise forest sector policies
and legal and administrative structures; and improve knowledge of and support for sustainable forest
management and good forest governance in the participating countries, and at the sub-national (local) level the
Program will test and demonstrate best practices for sustainable forest management and the feasibility of
improved forest governance practices at the field-level on a pilot basis. Participating countries include Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. The Program is funded by the European Union.
http://www.enpi-fleg.org
Project Partner
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
The European Union is the world’s largest donor of official development assistance.
EuropeAid Development and Cooperation, a Directorate General of the European
Commission, is responsible for designing European development policy and delivering
aid throughout the world. EuropeAid delivers aid through a set of financial instruments
with a focus on ensuring the quality of EU aid and its effectiveness. An active and
proactive player in the development field, EuropeAid promotes good governance, human
and economic development and tackle universal issues, such as fighting hunger and
preserving natural resources.
http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm
WORLD BANK
The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of knowledge and funding for
its 188 member-countries. The organizations that make up the World Bank Group are
owned by the governments of member nations, which have the ultimate decision-making
power within the organizations on all matters, including policy, financial or membership
issues. The World Bank Group comprises five closely associated institutions: the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International
Development Association (IDA), which together form the World Bank; the International
Finance Corporation (IFC); the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and
the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Each institution
plays a distinct role in the World Bank Group’s mission to end extreme poverty by
decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3
percent, and promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40
percent for every country. For additional information please visit:
http://www.worldbank.org, http://www.ifc.org, http://www.miga.org
IUCN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic
solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work
focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance
of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and
development. IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the
world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop
policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global
environmental organisation, with more than 1,200 government and NGO members and
almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by
over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors
around the world.
www.iucn.org
WWF
WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation
organizations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in over 100
countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment
and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the
world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is
sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
www.panda.org