This document provides an overview of the Extended FAT File System (exFAT) and discusses how little is known about its internal structure. It notes that exFAT will likely see increased adoption with new storage devices but current forensic tools lack support for analyzing this file system. The paper aims to reveal the basic structure of exFAT to help forensic examiners understand files stored with this system.
Linux is well-suited for forensic investigations due to its free and open-source tools, flexible environment, and ability to access low-level interfaces. However, its tools are more complicated to use than commercial packages and typically lack technical support. Linux distributions use a directory tree with essential directories like /bin, /etc, /home, and /var. Important commands provide information on processes, network connections, and disk usage. The Linux boot process involves the BIOS, boot loader, kernel initialization, and starting of processes at designated run levels.
Guide to Windows 7 - Managing File SystemsGene Carboni
This video explains how to manage file systems. Learn the file system features and limits in Windows 7. Review file and folder attributes used in the FAT and NTFS file systems. Get an explanation of file and folder permission, permission scopes and inheritance, and the impact of ownership. Learn how to use previous versions of files
DefCon 2012 - Anti-Forensics and Anti-Anti-ForensicsMichael Smith
These slides discuss anti-forensic techniques and how to mitigate them. The document outlines 10 techniques such as data saturation, non-standard RAIDs, file signature masking, rendering the National Software Reference Library useless, scrambled MAC times, restricted filenames, circular references using Lotus Notes, hash collisions, dummy hard drives, and questions for discussion. It then provides recommendations for mitigating each technique, such as parallelizing acquisition, ignoring dates, searching instead of filtering, and checking for USB drives.
This document contains a list of probable questions related to operating systems, file systems, networking, Windows commands, and troubleshooting. Some of the topics covered include types of operating systems, differences between FAT and NTFS file systems, Active Directory, firewall types, OSI model layers, and RAID levels. The list provides definitions and explanations for many common computer and networking concepts.
The document discusses anti-forensic rootkits and techniques that can manipulate digital evidence collected through live forensic imaging. It presents DDefy, a proof-of-concept anti-forensic rootkit that intercepts disk read requests and modifies the data returned to hide sensitive information from live forensic tools. DDefy demonstrates that current live imaging methods are insufficient to guarantee collection of untainted evidence, as they rely on the compromised system to provide the data. Better techniques are needed to directly acquire disk data and confirm it matches the kernel and userland views.
Study notes for CompTIA Certified Advanced Security Practitioner (ver2)David Sweigert
The document provides information on various topics for the CompTIA CASP exam, including:
1. Virtual Trusted Platform Modules (vTPM) which provide secure storage and cryptographic functions to virtual machines.
2. SELinux which added Mandatory Access Control to the Linux kernel to control access between subjects and objects.
3. Differences between common storage protocols like iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet, and NFS vs CIFS.
It also covers topics like dynamic disk pools vs RAID, Microsoft Group Policies, and differences between network attached storage and storage area networks.
The IBM ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway for z/OS (TS7680) provides data deduplication for System z environments. It performs inline deduplication as data is streamed to disk arrays, reducing capacity needs. The TS7680 connects via FICON, supports up to 1PB of storage, and is managed transparently using system-managed tape facilities. ProtecTIER's HyperFactor technology identifies similar data elements using a small index and only writes byte-level changes to disk.
The document discusses computer forensics in the context of investigating a Windows system. It outlines the process of gathering volatile data like memory contents and network connections using tools run from a trusted CD. Non-volatile data like the filesystem is acquired by imaging the entire disk. Timeline analysis uses data from files, registry keys and logs to determine when files and events occurred. The goal is to methodically identify and preserve digital evidence while following forensic standards.
Linux is well-suited for forensic investigations due to its free and open-source tools, flexible environment, and ability to access low-level interfaces. However, its tools are more complicated to use than commercial packages and typically lack technical support. Linux distributions use a directory tree with essential directories like /bin, /etc, /home, and /var. Important commands provide information on processes, network connections, and disk usage. The Linux boot process involves the BIOS, boot loader, kernel initialization, and starting of processes at designated run levels.
Guide to Windows 7 - Managing File SystemsGene Carboni
This video explains how to manage file systems. Learn the file system features and limits in Windows 7. Review file and folder attributes used in the FAT and NTFS file systems. Get an explanation of file and folder permission, permission scopes and inheritance, and the impact of ownership. Learn how to use previous versions of files
DefCon 2012 - Anti-Forensics and Anti-Anti-ForensicsMichael Smith
These slides discuss anti-forensic techniques and how to mitigate them. The document outlines 10 techniques such as data saturation, non-standard RAIDs, file signature masking, rendering the National Software Reference Library useless, scrambled MAC times, restricted filenames, circular references using Lotus Notes, hash collisions, dummy hard drives, and questions for discussion. It then provides recommendations for mitigating each technique, such as parallelizing acquisition, ignoring dates, searching instead of filtering, and checking for USB drives.
This document contains a list of probable questions related to operating systems, file systems, networking, Windows commands, and troubleshooting. Some of the topics covered include types of operating systems, differences between FAT and NTFS file systems, Active Directory, firewall types, OSI model layers, and RAID levels. The list provides definitions and explanations for many common computer and networking concepts.
The document discusses anti-forensic rootkits and techniques that can manipulate digital evidence collected through live forensic imaging. It presents DDefy, a proof-of-concept anti-forensic rootkit that intercepts disk read requests and modifies the data returned to hide sensitive information from live forensic tools. DDefy demonstrates that current live imaging methods are insufficient to guarantee collection of untainted evidence, as they rely on the compromised system to provide the data. Better techniques are needed to directly acquire disk data and confirm it matches the kernel and userland views.
Study notes for CompTIA Certified Advanced Security Practitioner (ver2)David Sweigert
The document provides information on various topics for the CompTIA CASP exam, including:
1. Virtual Trusted Platform Modules (vTPM) which provide secure storage and cryptographic functions to virtual machines.
2. SELinux which added Mandatory Access Control to the Linux kernel to control access between subjects and objects.
3. Differences between common storage protocols like iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet, and NFS vs CIFS.
It also covers topics like dynamic disk pools vs RAID, Microsoft Group Policies, and differences between network attached storage and storage area networks.
The IBM ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway for z/OS (TS7680) provides data deduplication for System z environments. It performs inline deduplication as data is streamed to disk arrays, reducing capacity needs. The TS7680 connects via FICON, supports up to 1PB of storage, and is managed transparently using system-managed tape facilities. ProtecTIER's HyperFactor technology identifies similar data elements using a small index and only writes byte-level changes to disk.
The document discusses computer forensics in the context of investigating a Windows system. It outlines the process of gathering volatile data like memory contents and network connections using tools run from a trusted CD. Non-volatile data like the filesystem is acquired by imaging the entire disk. Timeline analysis uses data from files, registry keys and logs to determine when files and events occurred. The goal is to methodically identify and preserve digital evidence while following forensic standards.
NYC4SEC - An Introduction to the Microsoft exFAT File System (Draft 2.01)overcertified
This document provides a technical summary of the Microsoft Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT) file system format. It discusses exFAT's background and history in relation to other FAT file system versions. It also notes that exFAT support was added to forensic analysis tools like The Sleuth Kit and that exFAT is designed for use with removable media storage due to limitations of NTFS for such use cases. The document provides technical details on exFAT specifications, limitations, and terminology used in accordance with Microsoft's published exFAT specifications.
Poking The Filesystem For Fun And Profitssusera432ea1
1) The document discusses writing a rogue filesystem driver that could be used as an attacker tool. It covers motivation, filesystem internals, types of filesystem drivers, and how to write a rogue filesystem driver by implementing functions like superblock operations, inode operations, and file operations.
2) A rogue filesystem driver could be difficult to detect and could selectively spoof, block, or hide file contents to gain a strong foothold in the system. It does not require hooking system calls or compromising the kernel in the same way.
3) Key aspects of developing a rogue driver involve registering the filesystem type, setting up superblock operations, and implementing inode, directory, and file operations to handle
The document discusses functions for defining the volume of a study block diagram for finite element analysis. It involves projecting important topographic nodes onto a desired depth, locating reference nodes along lines, automatically generating a 3D tetrahedron mesh, defining nodal conditions, and validating the solid model. Stress analysis is then performed on the finite element model by calculating stresses based on the relationship between reaction forces and stresses, and producing stress outputs and energy diagrams.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a computer forensic investigator. It explains that an investigator must gather digital evidence in a forensically-sound manner from various computer systems and devices. This includes recovering deleted files, analyzing file slack and unallocated space, validating email messages, and using file hashes and metadata to determine what files were created on which devices. The goal is to properly handle, analyze, and present admissible digital evidence in court.
Deft is a Linux-based digital forensics and incident response toolkit. It contains various open source forensics tools organized through a graphical user interface called DART. Some key tools included are Autopsy for file system analysis, PhotoRec and Scalpel for data carving, md5deep for hashing, guymager for imaging, BitPim for mobile device extraction, Wireshark for network analysis, and Maltego for open source intelligence. The document provides an overview of these tools and how they can be used for computer forensics investigations and analysis.
This is a self made slide covering topics related to storage systems available in the market with certain information of file systems to understand the fundamentals.
There are also some information is available related to how the whole stuff works.
When disk utility fails to fix Mac OS X file system corruption issuesdatarecovery osx
Mac system include disk utility for verifying and repairing disk issues, but if often fails to fix the issue and that is why data recovery OS X is required to be done using equipped applications.
An Analyzing of different Techniques and Tools to Recover Data from Volatile ...ijsrd.com
Computer forensics has recently gained significant popularity with many local law enforcement agencies. It is currently employed in fraud, theft, drug enforcement and almost every other enforcement activity. There are many relatively new tools available that have been developed in order to recover and dissect the information that can be gleaned from data storage area like hard-disk, pen drive, etc. it's all like a volatile memory, but because this is a relatively new and fast-growing field many forensic analysts do not know or take advantage of these assets. Memory like Volatile memory may contain many pieces of information relevant to a forensic investigation, such as passwords, cryptographic keys, and other data. Having the knowledge which type of method use and tools needed to recover that data is essential, and this capability is becoming increasingly more relevant as hard drive encryption and other security mechanisms make traditional hard disk forensics more challenging. This research will cover the theory behind volatile memory analysis, including why it is important, what kinds of data can be recovered, and the potential pitfalls of this type of analysis, as well as techniques for recovering and analyzing volatile data and currently available toolkits that have been developed for this purpose.
introduction to information security and managementChyonChyon
The document discusses data hiding in slack space, which is unused space in a disk cluster. It proposes hiding secret data in the slack space of files stored on a private cloud. It determines slack sizes of files using a hex editor. MD5 hashes of file paths and a key are sorted, and the encrypted secret data is divided and hidden in slack spaces according to the sorted hashes and sizes. This allows retrieval of the hidden data using the hash-size mapping. It extends this idea to propose an algorithm for splitting and sharing secret data among cloud users using file slack space, making the data accessible and secure.
The document discusses file systems and different types of file systems. It provides information on what a file and file system is, the main components of a file system including directories and file allocation methods. It also summarizes the key differences between common file systems like FAT32, NTFS, and exFAT and describes their ideal usage cases. Different structures for organizing files in directories like single-level, two-level, and tree-structured directories are also covered along with the advantages of maintaining directories.
This document discusses hard disk partitioning and formatting. It begins by explaining why disks need to be formatted before use, noting that all disks must be formatted and hard disks specifically must be partitioned and formatted with a file system. It then describes the two parts of formatting a disk: low-level formatting which prepares the disk physically and high-level formatting which determines how the operating system uses the disk. The document provides an overview of ten free partition tools that can be used to partition disks, including GParted, System RescueCD, TestDisk, Ranish Partition Manager, and Partition Logic. It provides brief descriptions of the capabilities of each tool.
This document provides information on various computer forensic tools, including both software and hardware tools. It discusses specific tools such as Visual TimeAnalyzer, X-Ways Forensics, Evidor, Ontrack EasyRecovery, Forensic Sorter, Directory Snoop, PDWIPE, Darik's Boot and Nuke (DBAN), FileMon, File Date Time Extractor, Snapback Datarrest, Partimage, Ltools, Mtools, @stake, Decryption Collection, AIM Password Decoder, and MS Access Database Password Decoder. It also includes screenshots of some of the tools.
Disk areas allocation in flash disks include:
1) Boot sector which contains information about other areas sizes
2) FRT area which stores file records
3) FAT area which consists of FAT sectors for allocation data
4) Data area which contains actual data sectors of files
5) Transaction journal area which caches modified sectors during disk transactions
Types of File Systems
How does the file system handle security?
Attacks on the file system
How does the file system ensure data integrity?
A file system is an abstraction to store, retrieve and update a set of files. The term also identifies the data structures specified by some of those abstractions, which are designed to organize multiple files as a single stream of bytes. responsible for organizing files and directories, and keeping track of which areas of the media belong to which file and which are not being used.
عمار عبد الكريم صاحب مبارك
AmmAr Abdualkareem sahib mobark
Data Compass is a computer forensic solution that provides three main capabilities:
1. It can extract, analyze, and validate data from malfunctioning hard disk drives that other forensic software cannot access.
2. It can fully and effectively recover data from unstable and bad sector defective hard disk drives with less risk of further damage.
3. It allows access and analysis of data from unrecognized hard disk drives through its emulation technology.
File systems organize and store data on various storage media like hard drives. They consist of structures like directories and files to track allocated space, file names and locations. Key functions include managing free space, directories, and file storage locations. Common file systems include FAT, NTFS, disk, flash, tape, database, network and special purpose file systems. File systems use inodes, directories, block allocation maps and other metadata to organize and track files.
Abstract
Application sandboxes allow developers to take an unusual stance: not that our systems will be bug-free, and that bugs should be considered the corner-case; but that in fact there will be bugs, bugs as the rule, bugs that will be exploited in the messiest, ugliest way.
(I won't mention current events. But we'll know what they are...)
For this talk, I propose speaking about the design of a CGI framework that assumes exactly that: that its network-touching components will be exploited.
After all, CGI frameworks have a celestially vast attack surface: URL query strings; cookies and HTTP headers; and beneath and beyond it all, form parsing. Combine these attack vectors with validation--at best validation of simple types, and then more terrifyingly (and normally) via external libraries such as libpng.
In reviewing CGI frameworks in C for some recent work, I noticed less a lack of security focus than a parade committee for exploits. Even given my own small demands for CGI security, I was led to asked myself: can I do better than this?
The topic would necessarily focus on available sandbox techniques (e.g., systrace, Capsicum) and their practical pros and cons (portability, ease of implementation, documentation, etc.). After all, if we make mistakes in deploying our sandbox, it's just more ticker-tape for the parade.
The CGI framework in question, kcgi, is one I use for my own small purposes. Obviously it's ISC-licensed, well-documented C code, and will be mentioned as little as possible beyond as an exemplar of how easy (or hard!) it can be to write portable sandboxes. In short, this isn't about kcgi, but about systrace, Capsicum, Darwin's sandbox, and so on.
Speaker bio
Most of my open-source work focusses on UNIX documentation, e.g., the mandoc suite (now captained by schwarze@) and its constellation of related tools, such as pod2mdoc, docbook2mdoc, etc. Earlier work focussed more on security, from the experimental mult kernel container on OpenBSD and NetBSD to sysjail. In general, I dislike computers and enjoy the sea.
NYC4SEC - An Introduction to the Microsoft exFAT File System (Draft 2.01)overcertified
This document provides a technical summary of the Microsoft Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT) file system format. It discusses exFAT's background and history in relation to other FAT file system versions. It also notes that exFAT support was added to forensic analysis tools like The Sleuth Kit and that exFAT is designed for use with removable media storage due to limitations of NTFS for such use cases. The document provides technical details on exFAT specifications, limitations, and terminology used in accordance with Microsoft's published exFAT specifications.
Poking The Filesystem For Fun And Profitssusera432ea1
1) The document discusses writing a rogue filesystem driver that could be used as an attacker tool. It covers motivation, filesystem internals, types of filesystem drivers, and how to write a rogue filesystem driver by implementing functions like superblock operations, inode operations, and file operations.
2) A rogue filesystem driver could be difficult to detect and could selectively spoof, block, or hide file contents to gain a strong foothold in the system. It does not require hooking system calls or compromising the kernel in the same way.
3) Key aspects of developing a rogue driver involve registering the filesystem type, setting up superblock operations, and implementing inode, directory, and file operations to handle
The document discusses functions for defining the volume of a study block diagram for finite element analysis. It involves projecting important topographic nodes onto a desired depth, locating reference nodes along lines, automatically generating a 3D tetrahedron mesh, defining nodal conditions, and validating the solid model. Stress analysis is then performed on the finite element model by calculating stresses based on the relationship between reaction forces and stresses, and producing stress outputs and energy diagrams.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a computer forensic investigator. It explains that an investigator must gather digital evidence in a forensically-sound manner from various computer systems and devices. This includes recovering deleted files, analyzing file slack and unallocated space, validating email messages, and using file hashes and metadata to determine what files were created on which devices. The goal is to properly handle, analyze, and present admissible digital evidence in court.
Deft is a Linux-based digital forensics and incident response toolkit. It contains various open source forensics tools organized through a graphical user interface called DART. Some key tools included are Autopsy for file system analysis, PhotoRec and Scalpel for data carving, md5deep for hashing, guymager for imaging, BitPim for mobile device extraction, Wireshark for network analysis, and Maltego for open source intelligence. The document provides an overview of these tools and how they can be used for computer forensics investigations and analysis.
This is a self made slide covering topics related to storage systems available in the market with certain information of file systems to understand the fundamentals.
There are also some information is available related to how the whole stuff works.
When disk utility fails to fix Mac OS X file system corruption issuesdatarecovery osx
Mac system include disk utility for verifying and repairing disk issues, but if often fails to fix the issue and that is why data recovery OS X is required to be done using equipped applications.
An Analyzing of different Techniques and Tools to Recover Data from Volatile ...ijsrd.com
Computer forensics has recently gained significant popularity with many local law enforcement agencies. It is currently employed in fraud, theft, drug enforcement and almost every other enforcement activity. There are many relatively new tools available that have been developed in order to recover and dissect the information that can be gleaned from data storage area like hard-disk, pen drive, etc. it's all like a volatile memory, but because this is a relatively new and fast-growing field many forensic analysts do not know or take advantage of these assets. Memory like Volatile memory may contain many pieces of information relevant to a forensic investigation, such as passwords, cryptographic keys, and other data. Having the knowledge which type of method use and tools needed to recover that data is essential, and this capability is becoming increasingly more relevant as hard drive encryption and other security mechanisms make traditional hard disk forensics more challenging. This research will cover the theory behind volatile memory analysis, including why it is important, what kinds of data can be recovered, and the potential pitfalls of this type of analysis, as well as techniques for recovering and analyzing volatile data and currently available toolkits that have been developed for this purpose.
introduction to information security and managementChyonChyon
The document discusses data hiding in slack space, which is unused space in a disk cluster. It proposes hiding secret data in the slack space of files stored on a private cloud. It determines slack sizes of files using a hex editor. MD5 hashes of file paths and a key are sorted, and the encrypted secret data is divided and hidden in slack spaces according to the sorted hashes and sizes. This allows retrieval of the hidden data using the hash-size mapping. It extends this idea to propose an algorithm for splitting and sharing secret data among cloud users using file slack space, making the data accessible and secure.
The document discusses file systems and different types of file systems. It provides information on what a file and file system is, the main components of a file system including directories and file allocation methods. It also summarizes the key differences between common file systems like FAT32, NTFS, and exFAT and describes their ideal usage cases. Different structures for organizing files in directories like single-level, two-level, and tree-structured directories are also covered along with the advantages of maintaining directories.
This document discusses hard disk partitioning and formatting. It begins by explaining why disks need to be formatted before use, noting that all disks must be formatted and hard disks specifically must be partitioned and formatted with a file system. It then describes the two parts of formatting a disk: low-level formatting which prepares the disk physically and high-level formatting which determines how the operating system uses the disk. The document provides an overview of ten free partition tools that can be used to partition disks, including GParted, System RescueCD, TestDisk, Ranish Partition Manager, and Partition Logic. It provides brief descriptions of the capabilities of each tool.
This document provides information on various computer forensic tools, including both software and hardware tools. It discusses specific tools such as Visual TimeAnalyzer, X-Ways Forensics, Evidor, Ontrack EasyRecovery, Forensic Sorter, Directory Snoop, PDWIPE, Darik's Boot and Nuke (DBAN), FileMon, File Date Time Extractor, Snapback Datarrest, Partimage, Ltools, Mtools, @stake, Decryption Collection, AIM Password Decoder, and MS Access Database Password Decoder. It also includes screenshots of some of the tools.
Disk areas allocation in flash disks include:
1) Boot sector which contains information about other areas sizes
2) FRT area which stores file records
3) FAT area which consists of FAT sectors for allocation data
4) Data area which contains actual data sectors of files
5) Transaction journal area which caches modified sectors during disk transactions
Types of File Systems
How does the file system handle security?
Attacks on the file system
How does the file system ensure data integrity?
A file system is an abstraction to store, retrieve and update a set of files. The term also identifies the data structures specified by some of those abstractions, which are designed to organize multiple files as a single stream of bytes. responsible for organizing files and directories, and keeping track of which areas of the media belong to which file and which are not being used.
عمار عبد الكريم صاحب مبارك
AmmAr Abdualkareem sahib mobark
Data Compass is a computer forensic solution that provides three main capabilities:
1. It can extract, analyze, and validate data from malfunctioning hard disk drives that other forensic software cannot access.
2. It can fully and effectively recover data from unstable and bad sector defective hard disk drives with less risk of further damage.
3. It allows access and analysis of data from unrecognized hard disk drives through its emulation technology.
File systems organize and store data on various storage media like hard drives. They consist of structures like directories and files to track allocated space, file names and locations. Key functions include managing free space, directories, and file storage locations. Common file systems include FAT, NTFS, disk, flash, tape, database, network and special purpose file systems. File systems use inodes, directories, block allocation maps and other metadata to organize and track files.
Abstract
Application sandboxes allow developers to take an unusual stance: not that our systems will be bug-free, and that bugs should be considered the corner-case; but that in fact there will be bugs, bugs as the rule, bugs that will be exploited in the messiest, ugliest way.
(I won't mention current events. But we'll know what they are...)
For this talk, I propose speaking about the design of a CGI framework that assumes exactly that: that its network-touching components will be exploited.
After all, CGI frameworks have a celestially vast attack surface: URL query strings; cookies and HTTP headers; and beneath and beyond it all, form parsing. Combine these attack vectors with validation--at best validation of simple types, and then more terrifyingly (and normally) via external libraries such as libpng.
In reviewing CGI frameworks in C for some recent work, I noticed less a lack of security focus than a parade committee for exploits. Even given my own small demands for CGI security, I was led to asked myself: can I do better than this?
The topic would necessarily focus on available sandbox techniques (e.g., systrace, Capsicum) and their practical pros and cons (portability, ease of implementation, documentation, etc.). After all, if we make mistakes in deploying our sandbox, it's just more ticker-tape for the parade.
The CGI framework in question, kcgi, is one I use for my own small purposes. Obviously it's ISC-licensed, well-documented C code, and will be mentioned as little as possible beyond as an exemplar of how easy (or hard!) it can be to write portable sandboxes. In short, this isn't about kcgi, but about systrace, Capsicum, Darwin's sandbox, and so on.
Speaker bio
Most of my open-source work focusses on UNIX documentation, e.g., the mandoc suite (now captained by schwarze@) and its constellation of related tools, such as pod2mdoc, docbook2mdoc, etc. Earlier work focussed more on security, from the experimental mult kernel container on OpenBSD and NetBSD to sysjail. In general, I dislike computers and enjoy the sea.
Similar to Reverse engineering-microsoft-exfat-file-system 33274 (20)
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SANS Institute
InfoSec Reading Room
This paper is from the SANS Institute Reading Room site. Reposting is not permitted without express written permission.
Reverse Engineering the Microsoft exFAT File
System
The Extended FAT File System (exFAT) is a new and not yet widely used file system. It has been out for a few
years and it will gain acceptance and momentum with the release of storage devices that will support the new
SDXC standard. Forensics investigators and the maker of forensics tools need to be ready and prepared for an
influx of acquired evidence that requires analysis of this new file structure.
Copyright SANS Institute
Author Retains Full Rights
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