This document presents a chain sampling plan for truncated life tests when product lifetime follows a log-logistic distribution. It provides the minimum sample size needed to ensure a specified acceptance probability while satisfying producer and consumer risks, for various quality levels. Tables 1 and 2 show the minimum sample sizes and operating characteristic functions for the proposed sampling plan for different confidence levels, acceptance numbers, and ratios of test time to scale parameter. For example, a sample size of 10 is required for a confidence level of 0.99, acceptance number of 2, and time-to-scale ratio of 0.942.
This document contains a 25 question multiple choice quiz on engineering topics like partial differential equations, matrix properties, numerical integration techniques, stress and strain analysis, probability, heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, welding processes, machining, solidification, mechanical properties, turbines, kinematics, and vector calculus. It also provides the solutions and explanations for each question. The document serves as a practice test for the GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) exam administered by one of India's largest GATE exam preparation institutes.
Sachpazis_Pile Analysis and Design for Acropolis Project According to EN 1997...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
1) The document provides details of a circular column pile design including input parameters such as pile dimensions, safety factors, design parameters, settlement parameters, and layer properties.
2) It summarizes the calculations of layer capacities, total capacities, design capacities, and settlement at service and ultimate limit states.
3) Key outputs include a design load of 3600 kN, a calculated capacity of 5527.83 kN, an Everett settlement of 3.43 mm at SLS and 5.21 mm at ULS, and a required reinforcement area of 2544.69 mm2.
Single pile analysis & design, l=18,00m d=1,10m, by C.SachpazisDr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides input data and analysis for the design of a single pile with a length of 18 meters and diameter of 1.1 meters. It includes soil parameters, load assumptions, and analysis of the pile's vertical and horizontal bearing capacity. The analysis found the pile has adequate bearing capacity for the applied loads with a maximum settlement of 3.2 mm under the service load condition.
Certain Results on Tightened-Normal-Tightened Repetitive Deferred Sampling Sc...IRJET Journal
This document describes a tightened-normal-tightened repetitive deferred sampling scheme (TNTRDSS) indexed through basic quality levels. The TNTRDSS utilizes two different sampling plans - a tightened plan and a normal plan. It switches between these two plans based on certain switching rules. Tables are constructed to facilitate the selection of the TNTRDSS for given acceptable quality levels and risks. The operating characteristics function and operating curve of the TNTRDSS are also defined. An example is provided to illustrate how to select and plot the operating curve for a TNTRDSS given specific parameter values.
This document discusses risk management services provided by Trigo White Ltd, including risk workshop facilitation, qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, and development of risk management plans and risk registers. It provides details on Trigo White's approach to facilitating risk workshops, including identifying, qualifying, and capturing risks and mitigation options. It also summarizes how Trigo White can perform quantitative risk assessment, including modeling the impact of risks on project schedules and costs, and determining an overall contingency level based on risk.
Practical project risk assessment
Presented by Simon White
Monday 10th October 2016
APM North West branch and Risk SIG conference
Alderley Park, Macclesfield
This document presents a chain sampling plan for truncated life tests when product lifetime follows a log-logistic distribution. It provides the minimum sample size needed to ensure a specified acceptance probability while satisfying producer and consumer risks, for various quality levels. Tables 1 and 2 show the minimum sample sizes and operating characteristic functions for the proposed sampling plan for different confidence levels, acceptance numbers, and ratios of test time to scale parameter. For example, a sample size of 10 is required for a confidence level of 0.99, acceptance number of 2, and time-to-scale ratio of 0.942.
This document contains a 25 question multiple choice quiz on engineering topics like partial differential equations, matrix properties, numerical integration techniques, stress and strain analysis, probability, heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, welding processes, machining, solidification, mechanical properties, turbines, kinematics, and vector calculus. It also provides the solutions and explanations for each question. The document serves as a practice test for the GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) exam administered by one of India's largest GATE exam preparation institutes.
Sachpazis_Pile Analysis and Design for Acropolis Project According to EN 1997...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
1) The document provides details of a circular column pile design including input parameters such as pile dimensions, safety factors, design parameters, settlement parameters, and layer properties.
2) It summarizes the calculations of layer capacities, total capacities, design capacities, and settlement at service and ultimate limit states.
3) Key outputs include a design load of 3600 kN, a calculated capacity of 5527.83 kN, an Everett settlement of 3.43 mm at SLS and 5.21 mm at ULS, and a required reinforcement area of 2544.69 mm2.
Single pile analysis & design, l=18,00m d=1,10m, by C.SachpazisDr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides input data and analysis for the design of a single pile with a length of 18 meters and diameter of 1.1 meters. It includes soil parameters, load assumptions, and analysis of the pile's vertical and horizontal bearing capacity. The analysis found the pile has adequate bearing capacity for the applied loads with a maximum settlement of 3.2 mm under the service load condition.
Certain Results on Tightened-Normal-Tightened Repetitive Deferred Sampling Sc...IRJET Journal
This document describes a tightened-normal-tightened repetitive deferred sampling scheme (TNTRDSS) indexed through basic quality levels. The TNTRDSS utilizes two different sampling plans - a tightened plan and a normal plan. It switches between these two plans based on certain switching rules. Tables are constructed to facilitate the selection of the TNTRDSS for given acceptable quality levels and risks. The operating characteristics function and operating curve of the TNTRDSS are also defined. An example is provided to illustrate how to select and plot the operating curve for a TNTRDSS given specific parameter values.
This document discusses risk management services provided by Trigo White Ltd, including risk workshop facilitation, qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, and development of risk management plans and risk registers. It provides details on Trigo White's approach to facilitating risk workshops, including identifying, qualifying, and capturing risks and mitigation options. It also summarizes how Trigo White can perform quantitative risk assessment, including modeling the impact of risks on project schedules and costs, and determining an overall contingency level based on risk.
Practical project risk assessment
Presented by Simon White
Monday 10th October 2016
APM North West branch and Risk SIG conference
Alderley Park, Macclesfield
This document discusses conducting a risk assessment for large, complex projects. It proposes a survey-based process to identify risks in key governance areas like project management, requirements, design, and security. The results would stratify risks based on participant demographics and provide benchmark data for management. A 4-step process is outlined: 1) frame the risk assessment, 2) collect data, 3) analyze results, 4) report findings. The goal is to proactively identify risks and make adjustments to help ensure project success.
The document provides an overview of the ASCE 7 provisions for determining wind loads on structures. It discusses the three main design methods in ASCE 7: the simplified procedure, analytical procedure, and wind tunnel procedure. Key terms covered include basic wind speed, exposure categories, importance factor, velocity pressure coefficients, gust factor, and pressure coefficients. It also summarizes how to determine internal and external wind pressures on building components using equations and diagrams from ASCE 7.
Preventive Maintenance: Tips to Reduce Facility Costs and Breakdowns Facility Masters
This document summarizes a webcast on preventative maintenance tips for educational facilities. The webcast featured speakers from Prince William County Public Schools and Roosevelt University discussing their preventative maintenance programs and the benefits of implementing a PM program. Tips included selecting a work order and PM tracking system, conducting facility audits, identifying major equipment for PM, setting inspection schedules, and tracking time and costs for PM work. Benefits mentioned were improved safety, managing resources, and avoiding unexpected equipment failures.
Concrete restoration is needed when reinforcement corrosion has damaged concrete. The corrosion occurs due to water and salt penetration through cracks or pores in the concrete. Proper restoration techniques like abrasive blasting, repair material application, and protective coatings can remove corroded concrete, reinforce the structure, and prevent further corrosion.
This document discusses maintenance works for civil engineering buildings. It defines various types of maintenance like planned, unplanned, preventative, and corrective maintenance. Preventative maintenance involves routine inspections and repairs to reduce the likelihood of failures. Corrective maintenance repairs items after failures occur. Regular maintenance is important to maintain building value, safety, and maximize the lifespan of building components. It also outlines the responsibilities, schedules, and factors that influence the effectiveness of different maintenance approaches.
Start & Maintain an Energy Management Plan: It Makes Good Sense (from ASBO MD...SchoolDude
You don’t have to spend a ton of capital or energy to save on both utility costs and consumption. Learn practical tips for both starting and maintaining an effective energy management plan that reduces costs and usage.
This document discusses maintenance management. It outlines different types of maintenance including breakdown, preventive, predictive, routine, and planned maintenance. The objectives of maintenance are to minimize downtime and costs while keeping assets operational. Maintenance involves civil, mechanical, and electrical areas. A key point is that total maintenance costs include commitment costs, preventive maintenance costs, and breakdown costs, with the optimal policy balancing these to achieve the lowest overall costs.
staad pro v8i ss6 analysis and design of r.c.c. structureChaitanya Raval
Staad Pro V8i SS6 is the latest version for the structural design of R.C.C. buildings, bridges, silos, bunkers, water tanks, steel structures, etc. Here is the notebook personally made that has every little information how to use this software. Containing from how to make a geometry to design of columns and beams. i hope it will be useful as i have work hard to cover all the aspect required.
Prof. Dr. Aziz I. Abdulla C.V., English
Structural Engineering
Ferrocement
Strengthening of RC beams
CFRP
Wire-Mesh Epoxy
Enhancing of Adhesive properties
Recycle of Solid Waste
Grillage Analogy
This document discusses different types of maintenance for plants and equipment. It describes planned maintenance which includes preventive, corrective, and predictive maintenance. Preventive maintenance is carried out at predetermined intervals to reduce failures and includes running, scheduled, and shutdown maintenance. Corrective maintenance is performed after a failure to address the source of the problem. The key difference between preventive and corrective maintenance is timing - preventive is before and corrective is after a problem.
The document provides details of the structural design of Hotel Louisiana. It includes calculations for loads, modeling in Risa software, slab design, beams and stirrups, reinforcement bars, columns, and checking for deflection and drift. Key aspects of the design are loads were assumed for one wind direction, floors were designed similarly, and beams, columns, and reinforcement sizing were determined using equations accounting for loads and code requirements. The design was checked against code limits for deflection, drift, and other factors and found to meet ACI standards.
Cement and concrete are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of cement has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ferrocement originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant mortar[2] or broken stone or tile mixed with lime and water to form a strong mortar.[3] Today cement usually means Portland cement,[4] Mortar is a paste of a binder (usually Portland cement), sand and water; and concrete is a fluid mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and crushed stone aggregate which is poured into formwork (shuttering). Ferro-concrete is the original name of reinforced concrete (armored concrete) known at least since the 1890s and in 1903 it was well described in London's Society of Engineer's Journal[5] but is now widely confused with ferrocement.
Risk Assessments Best Practice and Practical Approaches WebinarAviva Spectrum™
Risk assessments are the primary component when planning, executing and delivering value in an internal audit. They are the building blocks of your internal audit activities and operational audit program. Sonia Luna CPA, CIA, CEO of Aviva Spectrum and Monica Raffety, CIA
Senior Manager, Financial Controls at Kaiser Permanente will help you to:
Understand risk assessment tools available
Learn how and when to apply risk assessment techniques
Leverage different forms of quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques
Learn when to deviate from risk assessment templates with a memo or scoring
Understand what external auditors, management and the Board need to know when executing a risk assessment.
Understand how risk assessment impact the internal audit activities, from walkthroughs to testing
This document provides an overview of the history and purpose of the STAAD Pro software. It was one of the first structural analysis programs, originally developed for DOS systems. It has since evolved to have a graphical user interface for Windows systems. The document outlines the basic four step process for using STAAD Pro to analyze and design structural models: creating geometry, assigning properties/loads, performing analysis, and reviewing results. It serves as an introduction for new users to understand the capabilities and workflow of the STAAD Pro program.
This document provides an overview of wind load calculation procedures according to the International Building Code (IBC) 2012 and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-10 standards. It defines important terms related to wind loads and explains changes made in ASCE 7-10 from the previous ASCE 7-05 standard. The major wind load calculation procedures covered are the directional procedure for buildings of all heights, the envelop procedure for low-rise buildings, and the wind tunnel procedure. Steps of the directional procedure are outlined, including determining the risk category, basic wind speed, wind parameters, velocity pressure coefficients, and velocity pressure.
This document discusses retrofitting reinforced concrete bridge columns with steel jackets to improve their performance during earthquakes. It begins with a literature review on earthquakes, building failures, and steel jacketing. It then describes a parametric study analyzing the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with and without steel jackets subjected to biaxial bending and axial loads from different earthquake modes. The results show that steel jacketing enhances column capacity, reduces lateral deflection, and increases ductility. In conclusion, steel jacketing is an effective retrofitting technique to improve column performance during seismic events.
ABSTRACT
Ferrocement addition in cement mortar or concrete increases the performance of material. The present paper describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layers. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of these types of ferrocement structures.
The used number of wire mesh layers is one, two, three and four layers.
The experimental results show that flexural strength of the folded panels increased by 37% and 90% for panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively, copared with that having single layer, while for flat panel the increase in flexural strength compared with panel of plan mortar is 4.5%, 65% and 68% for panels having 1, 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively. The strength capacity of the folded panels, having the particular geometry used in the present study, is in the order of 3.5 to 5 times that of the corresponding flat panels having the same number of wire mesh layers. Both types are also analyzed using finite element method to check the flexural stresses in these panels under self weight and cracking load.
Keywords: Ferrocement, Flat Panel, Mortar, Wire Mesh.
Maintenance management involves keeping equipment running at high capacity and low cost through a set of organized activities. The objectives of maintenance include efficient use of personnel, maximizing equipment life, reliability, quality, safety and minimizing costs and interruptions. There are various types of maintenance like preventive, corrective, and predictive. Preventive maintenance involves scheduled, running and shutdown maintenance to prevent failures. Corrective maintenance repairs equipment after failure through breakdown or shutdown maintenance. Predictive maintenance predicts failures through condition monitoring.
Design & Construction Errors- How it Affects Repair and Rehabilitation of Str...Srishti Wakhloo
The ultimate guide to design and construction errors and how it affects the repair and rehabilitation of structures. This data has been compiled after visiting several websites and reading books. It is mainly for the purpose of civil engineering students for the subject "Building Maintenance and Repairs".
Six Sigma Mechanical Tolerance Analysis 1David Panek
David A. Panek has 18 years of experience in cost engineering. He has expertise in tolerance analysis, Monte Carlo techniques, cost estimation, and neural costing. The document discusses different methods for tolerance analysis including worst case, statistical, and six sigma approaches. It also defines terms related to process variation and discusses measures of process capability like Cp and Cpk. Guidelines are provided for designing optimized tolerances through establishing process standard deviation and computing probabilities to achieve tight assembly gaps.
This document discusses conducting a risk assessment for large, complex projects. It proposes a survey-based process to identify risks in key governance areas like project management, requirements, design, and security. The results would stratify risks based on participant demographics and provide benchmark data for management. A 4-step process is outlined: 1) frame the risk assessment, 2) collect data, 3) analyze results, 4) report findings. The goal is to proactively identify risks and make adjustments to help ensure project success.
The document provides an overview of the ASCE 7 provisions for determining wind loads on structures. It discusses the three main design methods in ASCE 7: the simplified procedure, analytical procedure, and wind tunnel procedure. Key terms covered include basic wind speed, exposure categories, importance factor, velocity pressure coefficients, gust factor, and pressure coefficients. It also summarizes how to determine internal and external wind pressures on building components using equations and diagrams from ASCE 7.
Preventive Maintenance: Tips to Reduce Facility Costs and Breakdowns Facility Masters
This document summarizes a webcast on preventative maintenance tips for educational facilities. The webcast featured speakers from Prince William County Public Schools and Roosevelt University discussing their preventative maintenance programs and the benefits of implementing a PM program. Tips included selecting a work order and PM tracking system, conducting facility audits, identifying major equipment for PM, setting inspection schedules, and tracking time and costs for PM work. Benefits mentioned were improved safety, managing resources, and avoiding unexpected equipment failures.
Concrete restoration is needed when reinforcement corrosion has damaged concrete. The corrosion occurs due to water and salt penetration through cracks or pores in the concrete. Proper restoration techniques like abrasive blasting, repair material application, and protective coatings can remove corroded concrete, reinforce the structure, and prevent further corrosion.
This document discusses maintenance works for civil engineering buildings. It defines various types of maintenance like planned, unplanned, preventative, and corrective maintenance. Preventative maintenance involves routine inspections and repairs to reduce the likelihood of failures. Corrective maintenance repairs items after failures occur. Regular maintenance is important to maintain building value, safety, and maximize the lifespan of building components. It also outlines the responsibilities, schedules, and factors that influence the effectiveness of different maintenance approaches.
Start & Maintain an Energy Management Plan: It Makes Good Sense (from ASBO MD...SchoolDude
You don’t have to spend a ton of capital or energy to save on both utility costs and consumption. Learn practical tips for both starting and maintaining an effective energy management plan that reduces costs and usage.
This document discusses maintenance management. It outlines different types of maintenance including breakdown, preventive, predictive, routine, and planned maintenance. The objectives of maintenance are to minimize downtime and costs while keeping assets operational. Maintenance involves civil, mechanical, and electrical areas. A key point is that total maintenance costs include commitment costs, preventive maintenance costs, and breakdown costs, with the optimal policy balancing these to achieve the lowest overall costs.
staad pro v8i ss6 analysis and design of r.c.c. structureChaitanya Raval
Staad Pro V8i SS6 is the latest version for the structural design of R.C.C. buildings, bridges, silos, bunkers, water tanks, steel structures, etc. Here is the notebook personally made that has every little information how to use this software. Containing from how to make a geometry to design of columns and beams. i hope it will be useful as i have work hard to cover all the aspect required.
Prof. Dr. Aziz I. Abdulla C.V., English
Structural Engineering
Ferrocement
Strengthening of RC beams
CFRP
Wire-Mesh Epoxy
Enhancing of Adhesive properties
Recycle of Solid Waste
Grillage Analogy
This document discusses different types of maintenance for plants and equipment. It describes planned maintenance which includes preventive, corrective, and predictive maintenance. Preventive maintenance is carried out at predetermined intervals to reduce failures and includes running, scheduled, and shutdown maintenance. Corrective maintenance is performed after a failure to address the source of the problem. The key difference between preventive and corrective maintenance is timing - preventive is before and corrective is after a problem.
The document provides details of the structural design of Hotel Louisiana. It includes calculations for loads, modeling in Risa software, slab design, beams and stirrups, reinforcement bars, columns, and checking for deflection and drift. Key aspects of the design are loads were assumed for one wind direction, floors were designed similarly, and beams, columns, and reinforcement sizing were determined using equations accounting for loads and code requirements. The design was checked against code limits for deflection, drift, and other factors and found to meet ACI standards.
Cement and concrete are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of cement has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ferrocement originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant mortar[2] or broken stone or tile mixed with lime and water to form a strong mortar.[3] Today cement usually means Portland cement,[4] Mortar is a paste of a binder (usually Portland cement), sand and water; and concrete is a fluid mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and crushed stone aggregate which is poured into formwork (shuttering). Ferro-concrete is the original name of reinforced concrete (armored concrete) known at least since the 1890s and in 1903 it was well described in London's Society of Engineer's Journal[5] but is now widely confused with ferrocement.
Risk Assessments Best Practice and Practical Approaches WebinarAviva Spectrum™
Risk assessments are the primary component when planning, executing and delivering value in an internal audit. They are the building blocks of your internal audit activities and operational audit program. Sonia Luna CPA, CIA, CEO of Aviva Spectrum and Monica Raffety, CIA
Senior Manager, Financial Controls at Kaiser Permanente will help you to:
Understand risk assessment tools available
Learn how and when to apply risk assessment techniques
Leverage different forms of quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques
Learn when to deviate from risk assessment templates with a memo or scoring
Understand what external auditors, management and the Board need to know when executing a risk assessment.
Understand how risk assessment impact the internal audit activities, from walkthroughs to testing
This document provides an overview of the history and purpose of the STAAD Pro software. It was one of the first structural analysis programs, originally developed for DOS systems. It has since evolved to have a graphical user interface for Windows systems. The document outlines the basic four step process for using STAAD Pro to analyze and design structural models: creating geometry, assigning properties/loads, performing analysis, and reviewing results. It serves as an introduction for new users to understand the capabilities and workflow of the STAAD Pro program.
This document provides an overview of wind load calculation procedures according to the International Building Code (IBC) 2012 and American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-10 standards. It defines important terms related to wind loads and explains changes made in ASCE 7-10 from the previous ASCE 7-05 standard. The major wind load calculation procedures covered are the directional procedure for buildings of all heights, the envelop procedure for low-rise buildings, and the wind tunnel procedure. Steps of the directional procedure are outlined, including determining the risk category, basic wind speed, wind parameters, velocity pressure coefficients, and velocity pressure.
This document discusses retrofitting reinforced concrete bridge columns with steel jackets to improve their performance during earthquakes. It begins with a literature review on earthquakes, building failures, and steel jacketing. It then describes a parametric study analyzing the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with and without steel jackets subjected to biaxial bending and axial loads from different earthquake modes. The results show that steel jacketing enhances column capacity, reduces lateral deflection, and increases ductility. In conclusion, steel jacketing is an effective retrofitting technique to improve column performance during seismic events.
ABSTRACT
Ferrocement addition in cement mortar or concrete increases the performance of material. The present paper describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layers. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of these types of ferrocement structures.
The used number of wire mesh layers is one, two, three and four layers.
The experimental results show that flexural strength of the folded panels increased by 37% and 90% for panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively, copared with that having single layer, while for flat panel the increase in flexural strength compared with panel of plan mortar is 4.5%, 65% and 68% for panels having 1, 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively. The strength capacity of the folded panels, having the particular geometry used in the present study, is in the order of 3.5 to 5 times that of the corresponding flat panels having the same number of wire mesh layers. Both types are also analyzed using finite element method to check the flexural stresses in these panels under self weight and cracking load.
Keywords: Ferrocement, Flat Panel, Mortar, Wire Mesh.
Maintenance management involves keeping equipment running at high capacity and low cost through a set of organized activities. The objectives of maintenance include efficient use of personnel, maximizing equipment life, reliability, quality, safety and minimizing costs and interruptions. There are various types of maintenance like preventive, corrective, and predictive. Preventive maintenance involves scheduled, running and shutdown maintenance to prevent failures. Corrective maintenance repairs equipment after failure through breakdown or shutdown maintenance. Predictive maintenance predicts failures through condition monitoring.
Design & Construction Errors- How it Affects Repair and Rehabilitation of Str...Srishti Wakhloo
The ultimate guide to design and construction errors and how it affects the repair and rehabilitation of structures. This data has been compiled after visiting several websites and reading books. It is mainly for the purpose of civil engineering students for the subject "Building Maintenance and Repairs".
Six Sigma Mechanical Tolerance Analysis 1David Panek
David A. Panek has 18 years of experience in cost engineering. He has expertise in tolerance analysis, Monte Carlo techniques, cost estimation, and neural costing. The document discusses different methods for tolerance analysis including worst case, statistical, and six sigma approaches. It also defines terms related to process variation and discusses measures of process capability like Cp and Cpk. Guidelines are provided for designing optimized tolerances through establishing process standard deviation and computing probabilities to achieve tight assembly gaps.
Ash Abel completed a summer internship with Clemson University's Mechanical Engineering department. Their main project involved vibration and acoustic testing of a 7.5MW test bench that emitted uncomfortable noise levels. Through research, testing, and analysis, Ash identified possible causes such as loose connections and resonance. They designed tests using accelerometers and microphones to analyze vibration and acoustic data. Potential solutions like shortening the support beam or changing its cross-section were modeled and tested. Analysis showed modifying connections and the beam's design could effectively reduce noise levels. Ash also assisted engineers and created support materials during their internship.
This document summarizes centrifuge tests performed to measure the bearing capacity of shallow foundations under combined lateral and axial loads. The tests used a 1/36th scale model in a geotechnical centrifuge with a medium dense and very dense soil. Foundations with varying embedment and loading conditions were tested. Load vs. displacement curves showed the bearing capacity increased with denser soil and greater embedment. Analysis of a bearing capacity factor found existing methods sometimes overestimated values compared to measurements. The centrifuge tests provided data on the influence of combined loads on shallow foundations.
IRJET- Optimization of RC Column and Footings using Genetic AlgorithmIRJET Journal
This document discusses using genetic algorithms to optimize the design of reinforced concrete columns and footings to minimize cost. A visual basic application code was developed to design RC columns and footings according to code specifications. The design variables like column dimensions, reinforcement size and spacing were optimized using a genetic algorithm coded in MATLAB. The optimized design results were compared to standard design results and found to provide a more economical design that meets all structural requirements.
Recent developments in the field of reduced order modeling - and in particular, active subspace construction - have made it possible to efficiently approximate complex models by constructing low-order response surfaces based upon a small subspace of the original high dimensional parameter space. These methods rely upon the fact that the response tends to vary more prominently in a few dominant directions defined by linear combinations of the original inputs, allowing for a rotation of the coordinate axis and a consequent transformation of the parameters. In this talk, we discuss a gradient free active subspace algorithm that is feasible for high dimensional parameter spaces where finite-difference techniques are impractical. We illustrate an initialized gradient-free active subspace algorithm for a neutronics example implemented with SCALE6.1.
This document summarizes research on quantifying the microstructure of fuel cell materials through image analysis. The researchers developed tools to analyze fuel cell material micrographs and directly calculate key properties like tortuosity, pore size distribution, and structural diffusivity. They applied their methods to analyze the microstructure of a gas diffusion layer, calculating metrics from over 300 random volume images. Their results provided a more comprehensive representation of properties like tortuosity than single values. They also compared measured diffusivity to empirical models, finding significant errors. Overall, the tools allow direct quantification of structural properties that are difficult to measure experimentally.
Sandia National Laboratories has been conducting research on 100-meter wind turbine blades since 2009 to reduce technology risk and identify challenges of scaling up blade size. Their research has included developing detailed reference designs of 100-meter blades, studying advanced materials like carbon fiber and core materials, and investigating the effects of blade geometry and slenderness. Their work has resulted in four designs - SNL100-00 through SNL100-03 - each incorporating design improvements. All reference models, reports, and other materials from the project are publicly available online to support continued research on large wind turbine blades.
CFD is a critical tool for scramjet engine design and analysis because it is not possible through ground testing to exactly reproduce hypersonic flight conditions or measure all relevant properties. CFD is used to extrapolate ground test results to flight conditions, examine the effects of modeled conditions, and identify configurations through sensitivity studies. Current CFD for scramjet design uses 3D steady-state RAS with eddy viscosity turbulence models and reduced finite rate chemical kinetics. Limitations include uncertainty in turbulence modeling and inability to capture important unsteady effects. Advanced techniques like hybrid RAS/LES and PDF methods show promise but require significantly more computational resources.
The document provides an introduction to engineering optimization, outlining various problem types and methods as well as challenges. It discusses single and multi-objective optimization problems, constrained and unconstrained problems, and applications such as truss bridge structure optimization and microridged punch design optimization. The document emphasizes that engineering optimization is important for finding optimal designs that meet requirements while minimizing costs.
This document discusses flexural design procedures for UHPC beams and slabs. It presents a simplified bilinear moment-curvature relationship for UHPC and derives closed-form solutions for the load-deflection response of simply supported UHPC beams and panels. Equilibrium-based equations are used to determine the moment and curvature distributions along the beam. Parametric studies examine the effects of varying normalized moment and curvature on the curvature distribution and 2D deflection contour. Experimental verification is discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation on modeling the behavior of bolted joints in fiber reinforced composite laminates. The presentation includes:
1) An overview of factors affecting bolted joint behavior in composites and the need for numerical models to simulate real-world scenarios.
2) Details of the finite element model developed in Abaqus to model a single bolted composite joint, including geometry, materials, meshing, and validation of the linear model.
3) Implementation of a user subroutine to enable progressive failure analysis by degrading properties after different failure modes are reached based on Hashin's failure criteria.
4) Validation of the nonlinear model and subroutine against experimental data on composite plates and
Research Project Presentation_Michael LiMichael Li
This document summarizes an investigation into the drag and added mass properties of mid-water arch structures for riser design. Hydrodynamic force analysis was conducted using Morison's equation and existing codes. Added mass coefficients were analyzed using panel methods and CFD simulations, finding panel methods provided better predictions than codes. Drag coefficients were found to vary with structure design and Reynolds number. CFD simulations matched published cylinder results and provided better coefficient predictions than codes.
Development of Reliability Analysis and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization...Altair
This document summarizes the capabilities of the RAMDO software for reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). It discusses both sensitivity-based and sampling-based RBDO approaches in RAMDO. It also provides examples of multidisciplinary applications of RAMDO in areas like fatigue analysis, casting process design, vehicle crashworthiness, and more. Several published case studies demonstrate how RAMDO has been used to optimize designs while accounting for input variability and reliability constraints.
Cost Optimization of Elevated Circular Water Storage Tanktheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Cost Optimization of Elevated Circular Water Storage Tanktheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Genetic programming for prediction of local scour at vertical bridge abutmenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Configurable CEGAR Framework with Interpolation-Based RefinementsAkos Hajdu
The document describes a configurable CEGAR (counterexample-guided abstraction refinement) framework that uses different abstraction and refinement strategies. It presents three approaches for the initial abstraction: predicate abstraction, explicit value abstraction, and a combined approach. It then details the model checking, counterexample concretization, and refinement steps. The framework was implemented and evaluated on industrial PLC models, Fischer's mutual exclusion algorithm, and hardware models, demonstrating that the combined approach and Craig interpolation often performed best.
Similar to Promoting preventive mitigation of buildings against hurricanes (20)
A Configurable CEGAR Framework with Interpolation-Based Refinements
Promoting preventive mitigation of buildings against hurricanes
1. PROMOTING PREVENTIVE MITIGATIONS OF
BUILDINGS AGAINST HURRICANES THROUGH
ENHANCED RISK-ASSESSMENT AND DECISION
MAKING
FLORIDA SEA GRANT PROJECT R-CS-60
Sungmoon Jung (Principle Investigator)
Arda Vanli (Co-Principle Investigator)
Bejoy P. Alduse (Research Assistant)
Spandan Mishra (Research Assistant)
2. Overview
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1. Background and Proposed Tasks
2. Tasks Completed
A. Compile Experimental Data
B. Deterministic Model for Capacity
C. Capacity Prediction Model
Conventional capacity model
Capacity Update Model ( Considering the deterministic model)
Statistical Pooled Model (Without considering the deterministic model)
D. Fragility analysis
Conventional
Proposed
E. Comparison of Fragility Results
3. Summary
4. Future Tasks
5. Questions and Comments
3. 1. Background Proposed Tasks
Background
Insured value of coastal
counties approach $3
trillion (AIR Worldwide
2013)
Mitigation (Ex: Improved
Roof to Wall Connections)
results in financial benefits
and improved resilience
However, uncertainties
exist about cost-benefit
analysis of different RTW
connections.
Motivation
Uncertainties exist in
performance of the
common RTW connections
- Hurricane clips.
Address uncertainties in
capacities systematically
Improve cost-benefit
knowledge by addressing
the uncertainties in
performance.
a. Address uncertainties in
building components before and
after mitigation
1. Develop Fragility
formulations
2. Calibrate Fragility
formulations
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5. • 6 different sources - 1 PhD. Diss., 2 M. Thesis, 2 J. Publ., 1 T.
Report
• Results of component level testing
• Categorized results based on number of clips and wood type
Ex: Ahmed et al.(2011)
• Capacity depends on mode of failure which in turn depends on
combination of number of clips and wood type.
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A. Compile Experimental Data
6. Ahmed et al. (2011) - H2.5A clips on (SPF,SYP and DF)
6
a) Nail pull out b) Clip tearing c) Wood splitting
A. Compile Experimental Data
Capacity in lbs – Mean and
(Standard deviation)
Woodtype
Number of clips
1 2 4
SPF (2 “ x 4 “) 436.6 591.4 887.4
(51.9) (68.3) (70.5)
SYP (2 “ x 4 “) 459 711.4 931.2
(29.6) (65.8) (85.3)
DF (2 “ x 6 “) 640.2 753.2
(53.1) (65.5)
Observed Modes of failure
Woodtype
Number of clips
1 2 4
SPF (2 “ x 4 “) Nail pull out Wood split Wood split
SYP (2 “ x 4 “) Nail pull out Wood split Wood split
DF (2 “ x 6 “)
Clip
deformation Clip tearing
7. a) Nail pull out strength (N)
1800 G(5/2)D L
G – Specific gravity of wood
D – Dia. of nail and
L – Length of Nail
b) Tearing of the clip (C)
c/s Area of clip x Yield stress
c) Wood rupture strength (W)
Area of wood x Rupture stress
Deterministic capacity = Minimum (N,C,W)
FLORIDA SEA GRANT PROJECT R-CS-60 7
B. Deterministic Model for Capacity
Deterministic Capacity in lbs
Woodtype
Number of clips
1 2 4
SPF (2 “ x 4 “) 441.4 882.8 1200
SYP (2 “ x 4 “) 554.1 1108.2 1500
DF (2 “ x 6 “) 682.5 1365.1 1950
8. C. Capacity Prediction Model
→ Conventional Capacity Model
• The capacity follows a log-normal distribution
𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿(µ, σ)
• 𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐 Conventional capacity value
• µ Mean value of capacity from experiments
• σ Standard deviation of capacity from experiments
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9. C. Capacity Prediction Model
→ Capacity Update Model
• The polynomial model for bias correction is as follows
𝐶𝐶𝑢𝑢 𝑥𝑥 = 𝜌𝜌 𝑥𝑥 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 + 𝛿𝛿 𝑥𝑥 + ε
• 𝐶𝐶𝑢𝑢 Updated capacity value
• 𝜌𝜌 Scale correction function
• 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 Deterministic capacity
• 𝛿𝛿 Bias correction function (𝛿𝛿0+𝛿𝛿1 𝑥𝑥1+𝛿𝛿11 𝑥𝑥1
2+𝛿𝛿2 𝑥𝑥2+𝛿𝛿3 𝑥𝑥3)
• 𝑥𝑥1 Number of clips
• 𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑥3 Indicator variables for wood type.
• ε Random model error
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10. Statistical pooled model based on number of connection and wood type:
𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 𝛿𝛿 𝑥𝑥 + ε
𝛿𝛿 Bias correction function (𝛿𝛿0+𝛿𝛿1 𝑥𝑥1+𝛿𝛿11 𝑥𝑥1
2+𝛿𝛿2 𝑥𝑥2+𝛿𝛿3 𝑥𝑥3)
𝑥𝑥1 Number of clips
𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑥3 Indicator variables for wood type.
ε Random model error
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C. Capacity prediction model
→ Statistical Pooled Model
11. Example
• Residential building – Wood, Gable
roof (Cope, 2004)
• Rigid, Fully enclosed, Exposure B
• Length 56’, Breadth 44’, Wall height
10’, Roof slope 5:12 (θ =22.6°)
• Eave overhang 2’, Truss spacing 2’
• 1 and 2, H2.5A clips at each
connection.
• SPF 2” x 4”
56’
44’
10’
9.2’
44’
Truss
Top plate
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D. Fragility Analysis
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Example
• Wind parallel to ridge
• Region 3 and 4
• Cpi = 0.18, Cp = -0.9, Cpov = 0.8
• Force per connection
=0.00256 x kz x kzt x kd x V2
x ( (Cp- Cpi)x(44/2)x2 + Cpov x 2 x 2 )
D. Fragility Analysis
3
4
14. Log transformation
• Quantile Quantile-plot of
regression model residuals
and lognormal distribution
• Lognormal distribution is an
adequate fit for model
random errors
• Use logarithmic capacity
values in the model
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D. Fragility Analysis
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Quantiles of normal Distribution
QuantilesofInputSample
QQ Plot of Sample Data versus Distribution
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Updated capacity distribution
• For a given number of clips
the predictive distribution of
the capacity is a lognormal
distribution.
• We calculate the probability
of failure from these
distributions.
D. Fragility Analysis
→ Proposed
18. Assume 𝐷𝐷 is the wind-load effect, then the limit state due to wind failure is given
𝑔𝑔 𝛽𝛽, 𝑣𝑣 = 𝐶𝐶𝑢𝑢 𝑥𝑥, 𝛽𝛽 − 𝐷𝐷(𝑣𝑣) ≤ 0
The probability of failure at a given wind speed 𝑣𝑣 is found by integrating the
predictive distribution:
𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃𝑃 𝑔𝑔 𝛽𝛽, 𝑣𝑣 ≤ 0 = �
−∞
𝐷𝐷
𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝑢𝑢 𝑋𝑋, 𝑥𝑥
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D. Fragility Analysis
→ Proposed
Failure Probability
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D. Fragility Analysis
→ Proposed
Results
21. Bounds on wind speed at 0.50
failure probability
• Bayesian approach allows us to
quantify the confidence in
predictions of updated and
statistical model.
• Computer updated model is
not markedly improved than
the statistical model for
prediction uncertainty.
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E. Comparison of fragility results
22. 3. Summary
Bayesian based approaches in capacity prediction were studied
Fragility curves were obtained using predicted capacities.
Fragility curves from different approaches were compared
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23. 4. Future tasks
Demand uncertainty
Improve the deterministic capacity model
Improve the Bayesian model fit.
Improve bound estimation
Extreme value prediction
What EQECAT wants us to do ?
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25. References
• S.S., Ahmed, I., Canino, A.G., Chowdhury, A., Mirmiran, N., Suksawang. (2011). “Study of the Capability of Multiple
Mechanical Fasteners in Roof-to-Wall Connections of Timber Residential Buildings.” Practice Periodical on Structural Design
and Construction, 16, 2-9.
• K. G., Tyner, (1996).”Uplift capacity of rafter-to-wall connections in light-frame construction,” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
• T.D., Reed (1997). “Wind resistance of roof systems in light-frame construction.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
• B., Shanmugam, (2011). “Probabilistic assessment of roof uplift capacities in low-rise residential construction” Doctoral
dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
• L.R., Canfield, S.H. Niu, H. Liu (1991). “Uplift resistance of various rafter-wall connections.” Forest Products Journal, 41, 27-
34.
• J. Cheng (2004). “Testing and analysis of the toe-nail connection in the residential roof-to-wall system.” Forest Products
Journal, 54, 58-65.
• P. Gardoni, A.D., Kiureghian, K. M. Mosalam (2002). “Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for reinforced
concrete columns based on experimental observations.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128, 1024-1038.
• M. A. Riley, F., Sadek (2003). “Experimental testing roof to wall connections in wood frame houses.” Building and Fire
Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
FLORIDA SEA GRANT PROJECT R-CS-60 25
28. Wind load estimation
– Parallel to ridge
• q = qi = 0.00256*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V2
• Self weight = 17 psf.
• Cpi = +0.18,-0.18 (Internal pressure
coefficient) Figure 26.11-1
• Cp (External pressure coefficient)
Figure 27.4-1.
• Design wind pressure = qGCp - qiGCpi
• Force on the sheathing = Area *(
Wind pressure – self wt. )
• Fconnection =.00256 x kz x kzt x kd x V2 x
( (Cp- Cpi)x(44/2)x2 + Cpoverhang x 2
x2 )
3
4
5
6
28FLORIDA SEA GRANT PROJECT R-CS-60
29. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
x, Number of Connections
y(x),Capacity
SPF - updated model
Pure Model Output
Experimental data
Pred of Updated
95% PIof updated
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
x, Number of Connections
y(x),Capacity
SPF - statistical pooled model
Pure Comp Model
Experimental data
Pred of Statistical
95% PIof statistical
30. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
x
y(x)
SPY-updated model
Pure Comp Model Output
Bias/Scale Corrected
Experimental data
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
x
y(x)
SPY - statistical model
Pure Comp Model
Experimental data
95% PI of statistical
31. 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
6
6.5
7
7.5
x
y(x) DYI-updated model
Pure Comp Model Output
Bias/Scale Corrected
Experimental data
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
6
6.5
7
7.5
x
y(x)
DYI-statistical model
Bias/Scale Corrected
Experimental data
32. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)
Fragility curve for SPF with confidence bounds- Updated Model
2 connection
1 connection
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)
Fragility curve for SPF with confidence bounds - Pooled Stat Mode
2 connection
1 connection
33. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)
Fragility curve for SPY with confidence bounds- Updated Model
2 connection
1 connection
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)
Fragility curve for SPY with confidence bounds - Pooled Stat Mode
2 connection
1 connection
34. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)Fragility curve for DYI with confidence bounds- Updated Model
2 connection
1 connection
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
wind speed (mph)
F(v)
Fragility curve for DYI with confidence bounds - Pooled Stat Mode
2 connection
1 connection