1. Non-clinical models of training in interventional cardiology are needed due to the rapid doubling of medical knowledge and the need for continuous learning. 2. Simulation, robotic, virtual reality, and experimental training models allow practitioners to learn critical clinical skills like handling complications, practicing new procedures, and working as a team under pressure in a safe environment. 3. While alternative training has advantages like reducing costs and risks, its value has not been scientifically proven and fully defined in medical curricula. The most useful models are virtual and experimental simulation.

1. Modelos no clínicos de formación en
Cardiología Intervencionista
Non-clinical models of training in
interventional cardioloy
Dr. Jose Manuel Vázquez Rodríguez

4. Why a training center?
For two reasons…

5. First: we need to learn continuously
Knowledge Doubling Curve. Buckminster Fuller, R. “Critical Path” (1981)
• Duplicate knowledge of year one probably it took about 1500 years or until the sixteenth century.
• The next doubling of knowledge from two to four 'knowledge units' took only 250 years, till about 1750 CE.
• By 1900, one hundred and fifty years later, knowledge had doubled again to 8 units
• By the end of World War II knowledge was doubling every 25 years.
• Today, on average human knowledge is doubling every 13 months and clinical knowledge every 18
months.
•According to IBM, the build out of the “internet of things” will lead to the doubling of knowledge every 12
hours.

6. How do we learn?
Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience
Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching, 1946

7. Is that true in the field of medical learning?

8. Second reason: Opportunity
– 1992: Experimental Surgery Unit
– 1997-2003: XENOTRANSPLANTATION Project.
– 2005: Extension:
• Incorporation of virtual reality technology : Lap Mentor y GI
Mentor
– 2007-2009: New Project: Adding Medical Training tools
– 2014: 3 C-arms for cardiovascular procedures

11. 56 courses (112 editions)
1703 trainees
Courses scheduled in 2013

12. SIMULATION
SCENIC
ROBOTIC
VIRTUAL
REALITY
EXPERIMENTAL

13. • Training in critical clinical
situations
• Teamwork under pressure
• Experience difficulties related to
the patient

14. • Training in critical clinical situations
• Teamwork under pressure
• To evaluate the effect of diagnostic
and therapeutic maneuvers
• Learning from mistakes
• Rehearse and gain confidence with
new procedures

15. • Initial training (complex procedures)
• Training techniques not commonly
used
• Understanding diagnostic tools and
recognize patterns

16. • Test and become familiar
with technological
innovations
• Training complications and
rare situations

17. Time consuming
High ratio teachers / students
Expensive
Possible advantages not scientifically proven
Curricular value has not been defined
“Alternative” training drawbacks

18. SUMMARY
1. “Alternative” training allows to develop skills in a safe environment
2. Its use is still low in interventional cardiology
3. The most useful techniques are virtual and experimental simulation
4. Ideal for testing and introducing technological innovation
5. Very useful to face the treatment of complications and train
infrequent and complex procedures

19. Obrigado
Thank you
Gracias