Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 40-50-word reply about their Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions: DISCUSSION 1 What did you learn that you did not already know? This has been like some of the other material that we have covered. I have had exposure to many of the concepts in my master’s program but with this material I am provided both reinforcement of those concept understandings and present new perspectives on them. The from Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm was particularly helpful. Material such as this can often require several iterations of review to begin to develop an understanding of how it can be applied. I have had exposure to similar material but being able to understand how to apply these concepts benefits considerably form exposure to new sources. This material is not abstract but at times being able to apply it in a practice manner almost does seem abstract. Being able to read this material helps me solidify thoughts and ideas on how to concretely implement them in real life situations, this type of process for me is something that requires deeper understanding of the “theory of operations”, for a lack of better words. In course I have gotten a lot of that. What are some problems that are apparent in the field? I am going to inject some major bias at this point as my masters was in software engineering and focused on enterprise architecture, IT systems research, software project management, and object-oriented paradigm. To me one of the biggest problems in the industries I have been in is shear negligence in researching the concepts of what software engineering is and how to manage information systems or information technology.  The decision-making process is often left to those who have no technical background, two who’s motivations are at best questionable, and three have no concept of the magnitude or time line of projects. There is an abundant source of research, magazines, and various other forms of literature explicitly addressing these things in a practical manner oriented strictly towards helping organizations undertake such endeavors. I by no means consider myself to be an expert but I often find myself in a situation where I ask what should be some basic questions about projects and in return I receive an answer akin to “what are you talking about” or “I have never heard of that” or “I don’t know I never thought about that”. What are might be some opportunities for research on the topics covered and how might you perform the appropriate research? The above rant was a segue into this section because I feel that big data is becoming more prevalent and both the elements of software engineering and systems for big data could become victim to similar issues as stated before. Some issues for research in software engineer ...

1. Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your
fellow classmates with at least a 40-50-word reply about their
Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be
compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion,
please consider the following questions:
DISCUSSION 1
What did you learn that you did not already know?
This has been like some of the other material that we have
covered. I have had exposure to many of the concepts in my
master’s program but with this material I am provided both
reinforcement of those concept understandings and present new
perspectives on them. The from Management Information
Systems: Managing the Digital Firm was particularly helpful.
Material such as this can often require several iterations of
review to begin to develop an understanding of how it can be
applied. I have had exposure to similar material but being able
to understand how to apply these concepts benefits considerably
form exposure to new sources. This material is not abstract but
at times being able to apply it in a practice manner almost does
seem abstract. Being able to read this material helps me solidify
thoughts and ideas on how to concretely implement them in real
life situations, this type of process for me is something that
requires deeper understanding of the “theory of operations”, for
a lack of better words. In course I have gotten a lot of that.
What are some problems that are apparent in the field?
I am going to inject some major bias at this point as my masters
was in software engineering and focused on enterprise
architecture, IT systems research, software project management,
and object-oriented paradigm. To me one of the biggest
problems in the industries I have been in is shear negligence in
researching the concepts of what software engineering is and
how to manage information systems or information
technology. The decision-making process is often left to those

2. who have no technical background, two who’s motivations are
at best questionable, and three have no concept of the
magnitude or time line of projects. There is an abundant source
of research, magazines, and various other forms of literature
explicitly addressing these things in a practical manner oriented
strictly towards helping organizations undertake such
endeavors. I by no means consider myself to be an expert but I
often find myself in a situation where I ask what should be
some basic questions about projects and in return I receive an
answer akin to “what are you talking about” or “I have never
heard of that” or “I don’t know I never thought about that”.
What are might be some opportunities for research on the topics
covered and how might you perform the appropriate research?
The above rant was a segue into this section because I feel that
big data is becoming more prevalent and both the elements of
software engineering and systems for big data could become
victim to similar issues as stated before. Some issues for
research in software engineering is an understanding of
optimization. Some programming languages are excellent for
the utilization of RAM for programming such as Python. At
times it is more computationally prudent to utilize a compiled
language such as Java. Even more cutting edge is the low-level
programming of GPU’s for parallel computations. The massive
amount of data presented in big data also means that relational
databases are not suitable in many use cases so architecting data
pipelines to utilize NoSQL databases are things that must be
considered. These elements must be understood and work in
unison to achieve optimal results and minimize cost. So, to me a
major are of research potential is the development of Models,
Frameworks, and Architectures that focus on helping implement
this new paradigm in a practical manner.
YOUR REPLY TO ABOVE DISCUSSION, please answer below
Questions.
· What did you learn from your classmate's posting?
· What additional questions do you have after reading the
posting?

3. · What clarification do you need regarding the posting?
· What differences or similarities do you see between your
posting and other classmates' postings?
DISCUSSION 2
What did you learn that you did not already know?
Overall I have learned a substantial amount in all of the above
subjects over the duration of this course thus far. Portions of the
information I have touched on in prior programs making this a
refresher in some aspects. An example of this would be the
computer systems data hierarchy from chapter 6. Of our
reading. Data starts with bits represented as a 0 or a 1(Laudon,
Laudon, 2016). Information was part of digital theory
instruction from an electronics class taken while pursuing an
Associates degree. Additionally, I am learning more about the
management of information security. Due to the constant
changes in technology, information security management will
always be a field requiring continual research to explore and
learn to stay current within the field.
What are some problems that are apparent in the field?
The most prevalent problem in the field is the need to protect
data and privacy. New vulnerabilities are exposed daily adding
to the difficulty of the problem. Compounding matters are the
continual addition of internet accessible devices and an
exponential increase in internet users. Cybersecurity is now a
focal point for the United States and international societies
(White, 2016). Risks are greater and more widespread
underscoring the need for data and privacy protection.
What are might be some opportunities for research on the topics
covered and how might you perform the appropriate research?
I believe there are many avenues for potential research within
the field of cybersecurity. As cloud mobile computing continues

4. to expand the protection of the critical information
infrastructure has become more challenging. This trend is
making traditional security methods obsolete and ineffective
(Wood, 2014). Analyzing data gathered from past security
breaches would be a good first step in researching this field.
Although analyzing past attacks might be reactive, the data
could show trends or patterns.
References
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2016). Management
Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm (14th ed.).
Retrieved from https://ebooksbvd.my-education-connection.com
White, J. (2016). "Cyber Threats and Cyber Security: National
Security Issues, Policy and Strategies." Global Security
Studies 7(4): 23-33
WOOD, C. (2014). MISSION IMPOSSIBLE? (cover
story). Government Technology, 27(8), 16-20.
YOUR REPLY TO ABOVE DISCUSSION, please answer below
Questions.
· What did you learn from your classmate's posting?
· What additional questions do you have after reading the
posting?
· What clarification do you need regarding the posting?
· What differences or similarities do you see between your
posting and other classmates' postings?
DISCUSSION 1
Your targeted sample
The researcher’s targeted sample will consist a
nonprofit located in the Colorado Springs, CO area. It will
consist of 15-20 employees that have been with the company for
a minimum of three years. This may be the targeted sample but
the study also limited to Leadership Pikes Peak.

5. The anticipated risks from the subject's perspective
There are many anticipated risk, some include physical,
psychological, social, and legal risks. Physically, the subjects
may feel like they will be retaliated against if they speak
up. Psychologically and socially, their minds may begin to play
tricks on their minds. The also may feel like they will be
isolated for doing the same. Legally, they may feel like they
will be called to testify, or that they may get someone fired.
Your strategies for minimizing the risks to your subjects
In the hopes of providing fair and equal treatment to
every interviewee that has chosen to take part in this research
study, the researcher has devised a list of unbiased questions for
the participants. The questions will be submitted to the Chair,
then to the Review Board, and after making the appropriate
corrections they will then be sent to the Institutional Review
Board (IRB). Upon IRB approval, the questions will become
the official questions for the study. The interviewees will be
asked the questions during their individual interviews thus
enhancing the integrity of the questions.
The interviewees names and any information that would
allow them to be identified by their employee will only be
disclosed to the Chair. It will be completely omitted from the
final report and the official dissertation. The employee will not
know which employee said what. To minimize the other risk
that may be present themselves, the researcher will ensure that
the interviewees sign a consent form that addresses each issue
that may arise.
Provide your rationale
The rationale for picking the topic is based upon the
lack of available information on Ethical leadership within the
nonprofit sector. There is so much data on non-profits but it is
limited in the ethical arena. The researcher seeks to add to the

6. Body of Knowledge and to identify pitfalls within the current
non-profit sector. This research will become material of value
to current and future ethical training within the industry.
YOUR REPLY TO ABOVE DISCUSSION, please answer below
Questions.
· What did you learn from your classmate's posting?
· What additional questions do you have after reading the
posting?
· What clarification do you need regarding the posting?
· What differences or similarities do you see between your
posting and other classmates' postings?
DISCUSSION 2
Targeted Sample
The target population would be the project managers who are
working at Children Hospital in Denver. There would not be
any selective race, age, and gender involved in this
research. Their experience would be the main importance of this
study to provide the fixes in the logistics business within
Children's Hospital.
The anticipated risks from the subject's perspective
As a researcher, it is not all about collecting data to get a done
dissertation. I must take into an account in the process of my
research that my participants' rights to privacy should be
respected and fulfilled. There are various anticipated risks from
the subject's perspective. In other words, as a researcher, I
should be very careful with all the data that I have collected
involving my target population, and that I should not put them
at risk in any capacity. "It is important that the idea of research
is safe, participants will be voluntary, the benefits will
outweigh the risk, and that confidentiality and anonymity will
be protected (Perspective of Qualitative Research Methods)."

7. There are many anticipated risks from the subject's
perspective. However, I will be addressing two examples of the
risks involving their privacy. Example #1, Technology has its
disadvantages when it comes to entering sensitive information
and it could be stolen and misused. Price (2014) mentioned and
explained about a data breach from another article. It states, "A
data breach results when a user intentionally or accidentally
accesses data, discloses data contents, or alters data from the
original form without authorization (Cereola & Cereola, 2011;
Hong, 2012)." I must protect my participants' privacy on the
computer from hackers who have ways of getting into other
people's computers and taking their information, etc. (Practical
Research: Planning and Design). So, it is very pertinent that I
make every effort on my end to protect my participants' identity
and information pertaining to them. Example #2, Participants'
information should not be shared with anyone and not even with
people on their job without their permission. "Clearly, we need
to respect the privacy of individuals whose data are used in
research (Davies, C., & Collins, R., 2006)."
Strategies for minimizing the risks to your subjects
For me to minimize the risk of the participants' privacy, I would
reference their identities as numbers for each participant in
which I would be the only one who would know who is who so
to speak, and provide the code and numbers to their information
in the computer. This will prevent the participants' identities
and their personal information to be traced to them and their
job, etc., and to prevent damage in any way (Practical Research:
Planning and Design).
Participants must give me permission in writing if they want
their information shared. If permission was not granted by the
participants, then I would not share their information in any
shape or form, such as written and verbally (Practical Research:

8. Planning and Design).
Rationale
Since I will be conducting my research on project managers at
Children's Hospital in Denver, it is very vital to gain and apply
knowledge in protecting my participants' rights of privacy at
Children's Hospital in Denver, and everything else involved to
avoid any mishaps.
References
Cereola, S. J., & Cereola, R. J. (2011). Breach of data at TJX:
An instructional case used to study COSO and COBIT, with a
focus on computer controls, information security, and privacy
legislation. Issues in Accounting Education, 26, 521-545.
doi:10.2308/iace-50031 Chang
Davies, C., & Collins, R. (2006). Balancing potential risks and
benefits of using confidential data. BMJ: British Medical
Journal, 333(7563), 349.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.333.7563.349
Hong, J. (2012). Protecting against data breaches; Living with
mistakes. Communications
Price, J. D. (2014). Reducing the risk of a data breach using
effective compliance programs (Order No. 3619214). Available
from ABI/INFORM Collection. (1536438339). Retrieved from
https://proxy.cecybrary.com/login?url=https://search.proquest.c
om/docview/1536438339?accountid=144789
YOUR REPLY TO ABOVE DISCUSSION, please answer below
Questions.
· What did you learn from your classmate's posting?
· What additional questions do you have after reading the

9. posting?
· What clarification do you need regarding the posting?
· What differences or similarities do you see between your
posting and other classmates' postings?