The study recorded responses from 80 fibers in the trapezoid body of the Mongolian gerbil. 26 fibers responded best to sounds in the ipsilateral ear and 54 to the contralateral ear. Many onset responses were observed, which is unusual compared to other mammals like cats. Onset responses occurred over a similar depth as primary-like responses. This suggests more diversity in response types of neurons in the gerbil anteroventral cochlear nucleus than in cats.
Comparison of 500Hz Tonebursts and 500Hz octave Chirps for Cervical vestibula...HassanMoinudeen
Abstract- The Cervical-Vestibular evoked Myogenic potential(cVEMP) is a biphasic surface potential recorded from the belly of Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) followed by presenting a short loud sound. Various studies have been done with different stimulus to obtain better VEMP responses. The present study is aimed at comparing the c-VEMP responses (amplitude and latencies) of 500 Hz tone burst with 500Hz octave chirp (360720Hz). c-VEMP was administered on 60 ears from 30 subjects. After preparation, responses were recorded presenting 500Hz Tone bursts and 500Hz octave chirps. P1-N1 amplitude, P1 and N1 latencies for both stimuli were noted. The chirp was observed to produce significantly larger amplitude and early latencies than tone burst (p<0.01). This study was in search of a stimulus that will produce larger and better response to be used in clinics , Chirp qualifies to be one. Further studies on larger sample size and age groups are required to make generalizations.
Nonlinear limit cycle oscillations in a state space model of the human cochleaem5883
• Ku, E.M., Elliott, S.J. and Lineton, B. (2009). ‘Nonlinear limit cycle oscillations in a state space model of the human cochlea,’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 126, (2), 739-750.
Comparison of 500Hz Tonebursts and 500Hz octave Chirps for Cervical vestibula...HassanMoinudeen
Abstract- The Cervical-Vestibular evoked Myogenic potential(cVEMP) is a biphasic surface potential recorded from the belly of Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) followed by presenting a short loud sound. Various studies have been done with different stimulus to obtain better VEMP responses. The present study is aimed at comparing the c-VEMP responses (amplitude and latencies) of 500 Hz tone burst with 500Hz octave chirp (360720Hz). c-VEMP was administered on 60 ears from 30 subjects. After preparation, responses were recorded presenting 500Hz Tone bursts and 500Hz octave chirps. P1-N1 amplitude, P1 and N1 latencies for both stimuli were noted. The chirp was observed to produce significantly larger amplitude and early latencies than tone burst (p<0.01). This study was in search of a stimulus that will produce larger and better response to be used in clinics , Chirp qualifies to be one. Further studies on larger sample size and age groups are required to make generalizations.
Nonlinear limit cycle oscillations in a state space model of the human cochleaem5883
• Ku, E.M., Elliott, S.J. and Lineton, B. (2009). ‘Nonlinear limit cycle oscillations in a state space model of the human cochlea,’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 126, (2), 739-750.
ECochG is a variant of brainstem audio evoked response (ABR) where the recording electrode is placed as close as practical to the cochlea. We will use the abbreviation ECOG and ECochG interchangeably below. ECOG is preferable to us as it is shorter.
ECOG is intended to diagnose Meniere's disease, and particular, hydrops (swelling of the inner ear). ECOG may also be abnormal in perilymph fistula, and in superior canal dehiscence. The common feature connecting these illnesses is an imbalance in pressure between the endolymphatic and perilymphatic compartment of the inner ear.
ECOG can also be used to show that the cochlea is normal, in persons who are deaf. The cochlear microphonic of ECOG may be normal in auditory neuropathy (Santarelli and Arslan 2002) as well as other disorders in which the cochlea is preserved but the auditory nerve is damaged (Yokoyama, Nishida et al. 1999).
Finally, ECOG's have also been used to as a indicator of the temporary threshold shift that may follow noise injury (Nam et al, 2004).
Statistics of instabilities in a state space model of the cochleaem5883
Ku, E.M., Elliott, S.J. and Lineton, B. (2008). ‘Statistics of instabilities in a state space model of the cochlea,’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 124, (2), 1068-1079.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Presentation of the article Clustering of EEG Occipital Signals using K...Victor Asanza
✅ Recent studies show that it is feasible to use electrical signals from Electro-encephalography (EEG) to control devices or prostheses, these signals are provided by the body and can be measured on the scalp to determine the intent of the person when it is observing a visual stimulus frequency range detectable by the human eye.
✅ This group of signals are very susceptible to noise due to voltage levels that are able to acquire.
✅ Therefore, in this work we propose a statistical analysis of the distribution of normal EEG signals in order to determine the need of a pre-processing to remove noise components from electrical grids or other possible sources.
✅ This preprocessing includes the design and use of a filter that will eliminate any signal component that is not in the operating frequency range of the EEG occipital area of the brain.
✅ Finally, we will proceed to use the k-means algorithm to cluster with signals according to their frequency and temporal characteristics.
Driving Slow-Oscillations (1 Hz) in rats with optical readout via two-photon microscopy.
Alternative download link: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6757026/slideShare/neuromodFUS_v2016.pdf
ECochG is a variant of brainstem audio evoked response (ABR) where the recording electrode is placed as close as practical to the cochlea. We will use the abbreviation ECOG and ECochG interchangeably below. ECOG is preferable to us as it is shorter.
ECOG is intended to diagnose Meniere's disease, and particular, hydrops (swelling of the inner ear). ECOG may also be abnormal in perilymph fistula, and in superior canal dehiscence. The common feature connecting these illnesses is an imbalance in pressure between the endolymphatic and perilymphatic compartment of the inner ear.
ECOG can also be used to show that the cochlea is normal, in persons who are deaf. The cochlear microphonic of ECOG may be normal in auditory neuropathy (Santarelli and Arslan 2002) as well as other disorders in which the cochlea is preserved but the auditory nerve is damaged (Yokoyama, Nishida et al. 1999).
Finally, ECOG's have also been used to as a indicator of the temporary threshold shift that may follow noise injury (Nam et al, 2004).
Statistics of instabilities in a state space model of the cochleaem5883
Ku, E.M., Elliott, S.J. and Lineton, B. (2008). ‘Statistics of instabilities in a state space model of the cochlea,’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 124, (2), 1068-1079.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Presentation of the article Clustering of EEG Occipital Signals using K...Victor Asanza
✅ Recent studies show that it is feasible to use electrical signals from Electro-encephalography (EEG) to control devices or prostheses, these signals are provided by the body and can be measured on the scalp to determine the intent of the person when it is observing a visual stimulus frequency range detectable by the human eye.
✅ This group of signals are very susceptible to noise due to voltage levels that are able to acquire.
✅ Therefore, in this work we propose a statistical analysis of the distribution of normal EEG signals in order to determine the need of a pre-processing to remove noise components from electrical grids or other possible sources.
✅ This preprocessing includes the design and use of a filter that will eliminate any signal component that is not in the operating frequency range of the EEG occipital area of the brain.
✅ Finally, we will proceed to use the k-means algorithm to cluster with signals according to their frequency and temporal characteristics.
Driving Slow-Oscillations (1 Hz) in rats with optical readout via two-photon microscopy.
Alternative download link: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6757026/slideShare/neuromodFUS_v2016.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Responses from the trapezoid body in the Mongolian gerbil
1. Responses from the trapezoid body in the Mongolian gerbil
We report results for 80 TB fibers. 8 fibers were recorded by midline approach
and the other 72 fibers was by trans-bulla approach. 26 fibers were sensitive to
ipsilateral acoustic stimulation and the other 54 fibers were sensitive to
contralateral stimulation.
Shotaro Karino and Philip X. Joris. Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, K.U.Leuven, Belgium. Abstract No.858
Results: Responses to broadband noise
Methods
Conclusions
Results: Threshold and CF
Introduction
Gerbils were anesthetized with a 10:1 mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and
xylazine hydrochloride. In early recordings (N=4), we applied a midline approach to
the TB. The basioccipital bone was exposed after resection of the prevertebral
muscles. The TB was exposed by making a longitudinal slit on the bone, 3-5 mm
rostral to the jugular foramen. The advantage of this approach is that the bulla is left
intact on both sides. In later recordings (N=19), we applied a trans-bulla approach
to the TB. We made a hole on the exposed ventral wall of the bulla in one side to
get a view of the “roof” of the bulla. Then another small hole was made to expose
the overlying brainstem. Glass micropipettes, filled with 3 M NaCl were positioned
in the TB. The angle of penetration ranged from 0 to 30° mediolaterally relative to
the midsagittal plane in both midline and trans-bulla approaches. Earpieces were fit
over the transversely cut ear canals, and the acoustic assembly was calibrated with
a probe tube near the eardrum. All stimuli were computed at a sample rate of 125
kHz and compensated for the transfer function. The stimuli were specified in sound
pressure level (SPL) (dB re 20 µPa). The neural signal was amplified and filtered
(300 Hz to 3 kHz), and spikes were converted to standard pulses and time stamped
to an accuracy of 1 µs. A threshold tuning curve was obtained by an automated
tracking program, from which characteristic frequency (CF), spontaneous rate (SR),
and Q10 value (CF divided by bandwidth at 10 dB above threshold) were
measured.
Subsequently, a rate-level function was obtained by presenting short tone bursts at
CF (25 ms / 100 ms, 200 repetitions, 5/10 dB steps).
Finally, the response to broadband noise (0.05 - 15 kHz) was obtained at a number
of SPLs, if time allowed.
The bottom 16 panels show PST histograms that were unexpected and
which are - in the cat - not associated with the TB. These included
several kinds of onset responses: Onset with some sustained
response (O), Pure Onset (OI), and Onset chopper (OC). A number of
unclassified PST histograms were encountered as well (X), usually
showing long latency or sluggish responses. However, some well-
timed, short-latency responses were also classified as "X" because
the PST histogram was not consistent across SPLs (M and N).
The correlation index (CI) is the peak value of the normalized shuffled
autocorrelogram (SAC). It provides a means to quantify temporal coding to any
stimulus that generates sustained responses (Joris et al. 2006). A CI of unity
indicates absence of temporal coding. In cat, temporal coding to noise is
enhanced in the TB relative to the auditory nerve (Louage et al., 2005). This
seems to be the case in the gerbil as well, with the provisio that CI values for the
auditory nerve of the gerbil are not available.
A: Tuning curves of all the
TB fibers. Superimposed
thresholds (thick line) are
those obtained by a
behavioral experiment (Ryan
1976).
B: Thresholds at CF
classified by PSTH types
(inset).
C: Relationship between CF
and spontaneous rate (SR).
D: Scatterplots of Q10 dB
values as a function of fiber
CF.
Results: Pure tone metrics
A: Relationship between CF and
significant Rmax to CF tones. Rmax
provides a convenient parameter for
comparison of phase-locking in multiple
populations at different CFs. Of 80 TB
fibers, 5 had Rmax >= 0.9, which we
call “high-sync”. All of them had CFs
below 700 Hz.
B: Relationship between CF and depth
of recorded units.
C: Relationship between CF and
maximal peak-to-sustained (P/S) ratios
in spike rates. Values of infinity are
located at the top of the panel.
D: Relationship between CF and
minimal peak-to-sustained (P/S) ratios
in spike rates. The P/S ratio was
calculated as the ratio of the response
in a 5ms window aligned with the peak
onset, and the sustained rate
subsequent to that window up to 25 ms
(Blackburn and Sachs, 1989).
PST histograms were evaluated qualitatively over a large range of SPLs,
and grouped according to the categories that have been established in
other well-studied mammals (cat, guinea pig).
The top 16 panels show PST histograms that we expected to find in the TB,
based on work in the cat (Smith et al. 1991; Smith et al. 1993; Spirou et al.
1990): phase-locked (PHL), primary-like (PL), primary-like-with-notch (PLn),
and chopper (CHOP). In the TB of the cat, these PST histograms are
associated with bushy cells (PHL, PL, PLn) and stellate cells (CHOP).
Results: PostStimulus-Time Histogram
In the cat and guinea pig, the Oc PST histograms are associated with
commissural multipolar neurons with wide dynamic range (Arnott et al. 2004;
Smith et al. 2005). We measured dynamic range by fitting a model to the rate-
level functions (Sachs et al. 1989): the average 10%-90% range is similar for
Oc and PLN neurons. Combined with the location of recording, this argues
against the association of the Oc responses recorded in the TB with
multipolar commissural neurons in this species.
Effects of SPL on normalized SACs obtained from responses to broadband noise of four TB fibers.
TB fibers generally had low spontaneous rates, and showed a large range
of thresholds. Sharpness of tuning increases with CF but does not reach as
high values as obtained in the cat.
PHL
N=10
PL
N=4
PLN
N=18
CHOP
N=11
O
N=6
OI
N=6
OC
N=12
Unusual
N=13
For each neuron, synchronization to CF tones was measured with the vector
strength and checked for statistical significance. The maximal vector strength
(Rmax) was > 0.9 in a small number of neurons, consistent with the enhanced
synchronization that has also been reported in cats. Enhanced synchronization
was also observed in the tuning curve "tail“ (not shown here).
Responses were collected over a depth of roughly 1mm. Onset responses
occurred over a similar range of depths as the PHL, PL and PLN responses. We
hypothesize that these responses are also derived from axons of bushy cells.
To quantify onset responses, we calculated a "peak-sustained ratio". Besides
onset neurons, all other categories of PST histogram (except PL) can have pure
onset responses, as indicated by "infinite" ratios at one SPL at least. In O and
OI neurons, the ratio remains large over the entire range of SPLs tested.
Results: Rate-level functions
The Mongolian gerbil offers several advantages for auditory research. Unlike other
small mammals, such as bats or mice, the gerbil posesses excellent low frequency
hearing which makes it a more appropriate model for studies of hearing in humans.
Gerbils have been increasingly used to study the mechanisms of sensitivity to
interaural time differences. To properly interpret binaural data, it is important to also
know the monaural properties of the inputs to the binaural nuclei. To our knowledge,
there have been no studies of responses in the trapezoid body. Here, we report
responses of monaural fibers in the trapezoid body (TB) in the gerbil.
Normalized rate-level functions for each category of PST-histogram. For each curve, SPL is
plotted relative to the mimimal threshold of the tuning curve, and the rate is normalized to the
maximum.
Noise responses were obtained in a limited number of fibers: spike isolation was
often difficult in response to noise. We used shuffled autocorrelograms (SACs)
to quantify temporal coding to noise. Responses to reference and anticorrelated
noise were used to construct cross-stimulus autocorrelograms (XACs). Bin per
bin subtraction of XACs from SACs results in "difcors," which reveal response
components that change on inverting the polarity, and therefore reflect
synchronization to the fine structure of the effective stimulus waveform (Joris
2003; Louage et al. 2004).
Synchronization to stimulus fine structure.
A and B: typical SACs and XACs (thick and thin lines,
respectively). All correlograms are normalized and
therefore asymptote toward unity at long delays.
C and D: Oscillatory Difcors.
E and F: Fourier spectrum of difcors.
Synchronization to stimulus envelope.
A and B: typical SACs and XACs (thick and thin
lines, respectively).
C and D: Difcors.
Correlograms reveal coding of fine-structure to noise and envelope.
Although coding of
fine-structure was encountered, coding of envelope predominated,
presumably because our sample is biased towards high CFs.
Relationship between CF and CI.
The top limit of CIs of cat TB fibers is shown
with a solid line (Louage et al. 2005). The
top limit of CIs of cat AN fibers is shown with
a dashed line (Louage et al. 2004).
Most of the 80 TB fibers of gerbil showed a
range of CIs similar to that in the cat,
however, some data indicate higher values.
• In the trapezoid body of the gerbil, a surprisingly large number of onset
responses are recorded from monaural fibers.
• The occurrence of “high-sync” responses (maximal vector strength > 0.9) was
not as prominent as in the TB of the cat.
• The onset responses observed occurred over a similar range of depths as the
primary-like responses (PHL, PL and PLN responses). We hypothesize that there
is more diversity in the PST histograms of AVCN neurons in the gerbil than in the
cat.
REFERENCES
Arnott R, et al. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 5: 153-170, 2004.
Blackburn CC and Sachs MB. J Neurophysiol 62: 1303-1329, 1989.
Joris PX. J Neurosci 23: 6345-6350, 2003.
Joris PX, et al. Hear Res 216-217: 19-30, 2006.
Louage DH, et al. J Neurophysiol 91: 2051-2065, 2004.
Louage DH, et al. J Neurosci 25: 1560-1570, 2005.
Ryan A. J Acoust Soc Am 59: 1222-1226, 1976.
Sachs MB, et al. Hear Res 41: 61-69, 1989.
Smith PH, et al. J Neurophysiol 79: 3127-3142, 1998.