Respiratory Infections University of Punjab, Lahore By Tayyab Sultan.

1. FROM:
TAYYAB SULTAN
ROLL NO: 34 (E)
TO:
PROF. DR. ZULFIQAR

2. Respiratory tract infection refers to
any of a number of infectious
diseases involving the respiratory tract.

4. Classification of Respiratory
Tract infections
(1). Upper Respiratory Tract infections
(2). Lower Respiratory Tract infections

5. Upper Respiratory Tract
infection:
upper respiratory tract the airway
above glottis or vocal cords.
It includes
Nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx..

6. Typical infections of the upper respiratory
tract include
 Rhinitis
 Tonsillitis
 Pharyngitis
 Laryngitis
 Sinusitis
 Influenza
 Common-cold.

8. Lower Respiratory Tract
Infections
Any infections in the lungs or
below the voice box.
This Includes
pneumonia, Bronchitis, and
,Tuberculosis

10. Symptoms of Respiratory Tract
Infection :
Cough
Running Nose
Sore throat
Nasal congestion
Headache
Low grade fever
Sneezing
Watery eyes
Muscle pain
Fatigue
Chill
Chest pain
Phelgm in the throat
Difficulty in breathing

12. Causes of Respiratory infections
 Bacterial Causes:
Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus Aureus,
Streptococcus Pyogens, H-influenza
 Viral Causes:
Influenza virus, Adeno Virus, Rhino Virus, Respiratory
Syncytial Virus.

13. Environmental Causes
Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality
Smoking
Dust
Level of industrialization
Pollution
Housing conditions
Solid Fuel Use
Smog
Crowding
Sudden environmental Changes
Allergens
Irritant chemical

14. Mode of Transmission
Respiratory infections are contagious and Spread by
Inhaling Respiratory droplets from coughing
Poor hand Washing after contact with a infectious
person
Patient Care
Shaking Hand
Shared Food
Respiratory Equipment

15. Diagnosis
Chest X-Rays
Blood test
Sputum test
Pulse Oximetry
 Bronchscopy

17. Preventive Measures
 Improve living conditions
 Better nutrition
 Avoid smoking
 Improve cleanliness conditions
 Avoid using solid fuels
 Use medical mask
 Use smoke filters in vehicles and chimneys
 Avoid exposure to allergens

18. Treatment
 For Bacterial infections :
 Antibiotics such as Amoxil, Penicillin, Augmentin,
Clarithromycin are recommended.
 For viral infections:
 Oseltamivir (tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)
 Painkillers are also used to relieve pain and fever
 Anti-histamines and Nasal sprays are also used
 Vaccination against Pneumonia ;influenza and tuberculosis are used
 Bronchodilators are used to open bronchial tubes

21. Prevalence of Respiratory Infections
 Leading cause of death
among children under 5.
 Causes 2.5 million death
worldwide.
 In Pakistan 11.74
million Cases are
reported Annually.

22. References
 1. Choby Ba. Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis Am
Fam Physician. 2009;79:383-90.
 2. Leung rS, Katial r. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic
sinusitis. Prim Care. 2008;35:11-24.
 3. tichenor WS. Sinus Ct Scans. available at: http://www.
sinuses.com/ctscan.htm. May 2012.
 4. Boet S, Guene B, Jusserand D, Veber B, Dacher JN, Dureuil B. a-mode
ultrasound in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis in ventilated patients. B-
ENT. 2010;6: 177-82.
 5. Macky IM. human rhinoviruses: the cold wars resume. J Clin Virol.
2008;42:297-320