Coastal Restoration and Resilience in San Juan Bay
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Our nation’s coasts are home to almost 40% of the U.S. population and many of our urban communities. Continued population growth along the coasts, and urbanization pose challenges and opportunities for coastal and urban conservation. Learn in this session how the San Juan Bay Estuary Program works to conserve coastal natural resources in an urban area.
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Coastal Restoration and Resilience in San Juan Bay
- 1. Brenda Torres Barreto Executive Director Protection and Restoration of Coastal Resources in the San Juan Metropolitan Region
- 2. The San Juan Bay Estuary Program
- 4. Estuario's Programmatic Vision Our Estuary Program is a trusted regional science-based organization, supported by engaged stakeholders that serves as a catalyst and facilitator to restore and maintain clean water to support thriving tropical ecosystems, healthy communities and a vibrant economy in the San Juan Bay estuary and its urbanized watershed.
- 5. Watershed-based Initiatives Blue and Green Infrastructure Master Plan Illicit Discharges Detection and Elimination Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
- 6. Challenges • Climate Change • Poor land management decisions • Lack of adequate storm water and sewage infrastructure • Lack of a comprehensive island- wide policy framework
- 7. Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems
- 8. TYPE OF RESILIENCE CHARACTERISTICS Physical resilience Resilience of existing and planned infrastructure, including through risk-sensitive land-use planning, incorporation o structural resilient measures into infrastructure projects, investments in structural risk reduction measures, and improved operation and maintenance of infrastructure as pathways to building physical resilience. Financial resilience Improved financial management and timely provision of adequate flows through contingency financing, increased availability and coverage of insurance and capital market risk transfer solutions. Comprehensive risk financing solutions and enhanced capabilities to use financing effectively. Social and institutional resilience Governance and the promotion of poverty reduction and social protection programmes that build community resilience and channel support to affected poor households, In particular, building women’s resilience through greater access to technologies and finance, diversification of livelihoods, and increased participation in women-led solutions. Ecological resilience Natural ecosystems play multiple roles in conferring resilience. Examples of this type of resilience are enhancing support for nature-based climate disaster solutions, including upper watershed restoration, wetlands restoration, mangrove rehabilitation, and installation of detention basins and retention ponds to reduce flooding, storm surges and coastal erosion. Resilience Source: Adapted from ADB 2019.
- 9. Seascapes • Connectivity at a seascape scale occurs within contiguous or adjacent habitats. Fish movements and temporal migrations make this connectivity possible. Connectivity could be transversal or vertical. • The coastal Resilience-Based Management takes into account this natural dynamic to strengthen the ecosystems and establish redundancy in their services
- 10. Resilience-based Management An ecosystem management approach that uses knowledge of current and future drivers influencing ecosystem function to prioritize, implement, and adapt management actions that sustain ecosystems and human well-being. Mcleod et al. 2019
- 11. Generating Engagement & Awareness • Water Community Network • Certification for Citizen Scientists • Community-led solid waste management projects • Ecosystem restoration projects; BIOHUTS
- 12. Ideas for Collaboration between Conservation Districts and National Estuary Programs • Six on-farm water quality improvement projects across the Morro Bay watershed • Habitat Enhancement Project for Monarch Butterflies
- 13. Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- THE NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM The EPA National Estuary Program (NEP) is a unique and voluntary program established in 1987 under the Clean Water Act Amendments (CWA). A successful ecosystem-based management program, it works to restore and maintain the water quality and ecological integrity of estuaries of national significance. To achieve these goals, NEPs involve community members and other key partners to develop and implement a management plan. Citizens are fully engaged throughout this process to ensure that local needs are addressed in this Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP). The CCMP contains specific actions to apply CWA programs in a way that fully supports these local priorities. The 28 NEPs across the country have demonstrated an impressive ability to secure and leverage funds, protect and restore coastal habitats, and broaden public understanding of estuaries. NEPs have also made substantial gains in identifying environmental challenges and tackling complex water quality and ecosystem issues. The NEP looks broadly across the watershed and recognizes the connection between upstream sources of pollution and downstream impacts. It offers an effective means of securing commitments necessary to achieve tangible environmental results.
- San Juan Bay Estuary Program is a trusted regional science-based organization, supported by engaged stakeholders that serves as a catalyst and facilitator to restore and maintain clean water to support thriving tropical ecosystems, healthy communities and a vibrant economy in the San Juan Bay estuary and its urbanized watershed. (This should be spelled out. The message here is - we will address the challenges with this vision in mind and a strong program in place to support proper execution)
- Through a Management Conference the Estuario Partnership executes collaborative projects to accomplish the CCMP actions. Three key projects are: (1) multijurisdictional...; (2) Supported by the IDDE; (3) Blue/Green Infrastructure Master Plan. The Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan addresses different hazards in the metro region, and what recovery might look like. It serves as a starting place for dialogue on public policies that can limit the potential loss of life, property damage, and environmental harm from natural disasters.
- Esto explica porque vemos estas tasas de perdidas anuales de ecosistemas y lo comprometido que estan estos recursos. Esto es desde el 1980 a traves de satelites. Resultados globales: Se ha perdido el doble de terreno que se ha Ganado, esto es 28,000 km2. Medio metro al año se erosiona de playas arenosas a nivel mundial. El impacto mayor para estas playas son las actividades turísticas y recreativas. Los tidal flats se han perdido 16% por el desarrollo y el impacto cuenca arriba Deltas en esta imagen no es correcto, ya que su ecosistema es distinto a los estuarios y no es correcta la informacion Praderas de yerbas marinas tienen una tasa de perdida espeluznante de 110 km2 al año por desarrollos y sedimentación. Salinas son las que también han perdido mucho, entre el 25 al 50 prociento de su cobertura histórica. El Informe Especial sobre el Oceano y la Criosfera del IPCC prove la informacion mas corriente sobre el impacto de este fenomeno. Al llegar a las aguas llanas, el cambio climatico provoca: Inudncaciones frecuentes y hundimiento Cambios en humedales Erosion de playas Salinisacion de superficies y aguas subterraneas Impactos a Ecosistemas El ser humano ha comprometido al: Limpiar y fragmentar la vegetacion Llevar a cabo alteraciones hidrologicas Contaminar cuenca arriba y en las costas con desarrollos y otras actvidiades Manipulacion de infraestructura costera lDragado del CMP lSalud Publica lInfraestructura gris inadecuada lCuerpos de agua impactados (impaired) lVulnerabilidad de la Region y Erosión Costera lManejo de Desperdicios Solidos Challenges: lDredging of the Martin Peña Channel lPublic Health lLack of adequate storm water and sewage management infrastructure lImpaired waters lVulnerability of the Region & Coastal Erosion lSolid Waste Management
- Esto explica porque vemos estas tasas de perdidas anuales de ecosistemas y lo comprometido que estan estos recursos. Esto es desde el 1980 a traves de satelites. Resultados globales: Se ha perdido el doble de terreno que se ha Ganado, esto es 28,000 km2. Medio metro al año se erosiona de playas arenosas a nivel mundial. El impacto mayor para estas playas son las actividades turísticas y recreativas. Los tidal flats se han perdido 16% por el desarrollo y el impacto cuenca arriba Praderas de yerbas marinas tienen una tasa de perdida espeluznante de 110 km2 al año por desarrollos y sedimentación. Salinas son las que también han perdido mucho, entre el 25 al 50 prociento de su cobertura histórica. El Informe Especial sobre el Oceano y la Criosfera del IPCC prove la informacion mas corriente sobre el impacto de este fenomeno. Al llegar a las aguas llanas, el cambio climatico provoca: Inudncaciones frecuentes y hundimiento Cambios en humedales Erosion de playas Salinisacion de superficies y aguas subterraneas Impactos a Ecosistemas
- Tipos de Resiliencia Es un termino utilizado ampliamente por varios campos. En términos ecológicos, la resiliencia ecológica fue referenciada desde el 1973 por Hollings: Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Se define resiliencia como la capacidad de un ecosistema a tolerar disturbios sin transformarse a un estado cualitativamente distinto, el cual estaría controlado por distintos procesos En el 1984 Pimm define resiliencia para ingeniera, recuperación como: El tiempo que se toma para volver al estado pre-disturbios.
- Seascapes: La interaccion humana ha influenciado la mayor parte de los ecosistemas; para bien a traves de sinergias y para mal llevando a cabo actividades no consonas con el medio ambiente. Se identifican como mosaicos bioculturales dinamicos donde las sinergias entre humanos y ecosistemas es una activa y continua.
- We based our ecosystem management on the resiliency theory and tools The resilience-based management approach guides change for the benefit of the society We employ this approach where change is constantly ocurring management approach that uses knowledge of current and future drivers influencing ecosystem function to prioritize, implement, and adapt management actions that sustain ecosystems and human well-being.
- (1) Water Community Network; (2) CCC; (3) Que No Toque el Piso ni Llegue al Agua; The San Juan Bay Estuary Program and its project ”Que no toque el piso ni llegue al agua” pioneered an initiative to improve waste management on Loíza Street" in close collaboration with Taller Comunidad La Goyco and its Committee Machuchal Limpio to raise awareness about waste management and the conservation of water resources. As part of the project, the SJBEP has carried out a series of water monitoring during precipitation events to know the parameters that flow through Loíza Street. Among them are 13 parameters and 4 stations. Together with an educational campaign for the conservation of water, and corrective actions to avoid negatively impacting the resource water as well as the communities that border it (4) Bio: Huts The SJBEP installs biohuts to create juvenile fishery habitats and support coastal fish population survival, protect and enhance marine biodiversity, and contribute to the general health of San Juan Bay
- Six on-farm water quality improvement projects across the Morro Bay watershed The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) awarded Coastal San Luis Resource Conservation District (CSLRCD) grant funds from the Clean Water Act 319(h) Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant Program to implement six on-farm water quality improvement projects across the Morro Bay watershed. Projects will include riparian fencing, cattle water infrastructure, headcut and gully repair, and irrigation system improvements in the upper Chorro, Los Osos and Warden Creek subwatersheds. This project, anticipated to begin in mid-2022, builds on outreach and designs funded by the Resources Legacy Fund’s Land-Sea Connection Program, with support from the Morro Bay National Estuary Program. CSLRCD will partner with Cal Poly, Camp San Luis Obispo and with farmers, ranchers and other land managers to reduce upstream erosion and help protect the health of the Estuary. The Morro Bay Estuary provides essential habitat and ecosystem functions to many sensitive species, as well as recreational opportunities. Accelerated rates of sedimentation resulting from upstream sources are currently impairing the health of the Estuary Habitat Enhancement Project for Monarch Butterflies (place a picture of a monarch butterfly) With the support of the Morro Bay National Estuary Program (MBNEP), the Coastal San Luis Resource Conservation District (CSLRCD has begun moving forward with a habitat enhancement project at Sweet Springs to support the monarch butterfly. Native trees and shrubs will be planted to restore the overwintering site and act as a windbreak, while native fallor winter-blooming plants will be planted as a nectar source to support the monarchs on their spring migration. We will be coordinating volunteer planting days with MCAS this summer and fall.