This document provides guidance on writing thesis and project proposals. It outlines the typical elements of a proposal, including an introduction, problem statement, literature review, methodology, and timeline. The document emphasizes that a proposal describes the proposed plan of work, including what will be studied, how it will be studied, why it needs to be studied, and when the work will be completed. It also notes that proposals have the purpose of justifying and planning a research project and demonstrating an understanding of how to conduct discipline-specific research.
Research proposal: How to Write a Research ProposalM. A. Shahzad
Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not/only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.
A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.
Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.
The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.
The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.
This training focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.
II. Formatting Guidelines
Margins
All copies of a thesis or dissertation must have the following uniform margins throughout the entire document:
Left: 1″ (or 1 1/4" to ensure sufficient room for binding the work if desired)
Right: 1″
Bottom: 1″ (with allowances for page numbers; see section on Pagination)
Top: 1″
Exceptions: The first page of each chapter (including the introduction, if any) begins 2″ from the top of the page. Also, the headings on the title page, abstract, first page of the dedication/ acknowledgements/preface (if any), and first page of the table of contents begin 2″ from the top of the page.
Non-Traditional Formats
Non-traditional theses or dissertations such as whole works comprised of digital, artistic, video, or performance materials (i.e., no written text, chapters, or articles) are acceptable if approved by your committee and graduate program. A PDF document with a title page, copyright page, and abstract at minimum are required to be submitted along with any relevant supplemental files.
Font Type and Size
To ensure clear and legible text for all copies, choose a TrueType font recommended by ProQuest Dissertation Publishing. A list of recommended fonts can be found on ProQuest's sitepdf icon.
Fonts must be 10, 11, or 12 points in size. Superscripts and subscripts (e.g., formulas, or footnote or endnote numbers) should be no more than 2 points smaller than the font size used for the body of the text.
Spacing and Indentation
Space and indent your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:
Spacing and Indentation with mesaurements described in surrounding text
The text must appear in a single column on each page and be double-spaced throughout the document. Do not arrange chapter text in multiple columns.
New paragraphs must be indicated by a consistent tab indentation throughout the entire document.
The document text must be left-justified, not centered or right-justified.
For blocked quotations, indent the entire text of the quotation consistently from the left margin.
Ensure headings are not left hanging alone on the bottom of a prior page. The text following should be moved up or the heading should be moved down. This is something to check near the end of formatting, as other adjustments to text and spacing may change where headings appear on the page.
Exceptions: Blocked quotations, notes, captions, legends, and long headings must be single-spaced throughout the document and double-spaced between items.
Pagination
Paginate your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:
Use lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.) on all pages preceding the first page of chapter one. The title page counts as page i, but the number does not appear. Therefore, the first page showing a number will be the copyright page with ii at the bottom.
Arabic numerals (beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) start at chapter one or the introduction, if applicable. Arabic numbers must be included on all pages of the text, illustr
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
Research proposal: How to Write a Research ProposalM. A. Shahzad
Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not/only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.
A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.
Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.
The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.
The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.
This training focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.
II. Formatting Guidelines
Margins
All copies of a thesis or dissertation must have the following uniform margins throughout the entire document:
Left: 1″ (or 1 1/4" to ensure sufficient room for binding the work if desired)
Right: 1″
Bottom: 1″ (with allowances for page numbers; see section on Pagination)
Top: 1″
Exceptions: The first page of each chapter (including the introduction, if any) begins 2″ from the top of the page. Also, the headings on the title page, abstract, first page of the dedication/ acknowledgements/preface (if any), and first page of the table of contents begin 2″ from the top of the page.
Non-Traditional Formats
Non-traditional theses or dissertations such as whole works comprised of digital, artistic, video, or performance materials (i.e., no written text, chapters, or articles) are acceptable if approved by your committee and graduate program. A PDF document with a title page, copyright page, and abstract at minimum are required to be submitted along with any relevant supplemental files.
Font Type and Size
To ensure clear and legible text for all copies, choose a TrueType font recommended by ProQuest Dissertation Publishing. A list of recommended fonts can be found on ProQuest's sitepdf icon.
Fonts must be 10, 11, or 12 points in size. Superscripts and subscripts (e.g., formulas, or footnote or endnote numbers) should be no more than 2 points smaller than the font size used for the body of the text.
Spacing and Indentation
Space and indent your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:
Spacing and Indentation with mesaurements described in surrounding text
The text must appear in a single column on each page and be double-spaced throughout the document. Do not arrange chapter text in multiple columns.
New paragraphs must be indicated by a consistent tab indentation throughout the entire document.
The document text must be left-justified, not centered or right-justified.
For blocked quotations, indent the entire text of the quotation consistently from the left margin.
Ensure headings are not left hanging alone on the bottom of a prior page. The text following should be moved up or the heading should be moved down. This is something to check near the end of formatting, as other adjustments to text and spacing may change where headings appear on the page.
Exceptions: Blocked quotations, notes, captions, legends, and long headings must be single-spaced throughout the document and double-spaced between items.
Pagination
Paginate your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:
Use lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.) on all pages preceding the first page of chapter one. The title page counts as page i, but the number does not appear. Therefore, the first page showing a number will be the copyright page with ii at the bottom.
Arabic numerals (beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) start at chapter one or the introduction, if applicable. Arabic numbers must be included on all pages of the text, illustr
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
How to write a research paper for an international peerreviewed journalvijay kumar
This PowerPoint is on writing a research article for an International Peer-reviewed Journal. The talk was delivered at an International Virtual workshop. All videos related to research conferences can be viewed at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNEUKBUIaQG3wr05Sj38oDA/featured
power point presentation covering all aspects of publishing research papers viz: why to publish a research paper , necessary steps before writing a research paper, parts of a research paper, process of publishing a research paper, identifying a target journal , preparing the manuscript etc.
I hope this power point presentation will be beneficial to all PhD students
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
How to write a research paper for an international peerreviewed journalvijay kumar
This PowerPoint is on writing a research article for an International Peer-reviewed Journal. The talk was delivered at an International Virtual workshop. All videos related to research conferences can be viewed at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNEUKBUIaQG3wr05Sj38oDA/featured
power point presentation covering all aspects of publishing research papers viz: why to publish a research paper , necessary steps before writing a research paper, parts of a research paper, process of publishing a research paper, identifying a target journal , preparing the manuscript etc.
I hope this power point presentation will be beneficial to all PhD students
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
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2. Outcomes of this workshop
• To introduce strategies for bridging the gap
between coursework/beginning research and
thesis/project writing.
• To help you understand the symbolic situation of
the thesis/project proposal and common elements
of such proposals.
• To introduce practical symbolic and grammatical
principles of writing effective proposals.
• To provide you with tips for drafting and revising
individual sections of the proposal.
3. Writing Thesis/project Proposals:
The Big Picture
Your proposal describes your proposed plan of
work:
• What you intend to study (scope and research
questions).
• How you intend to study your topic (methodology).
• Why this topic needs to be studied (significance).
• When you will complete this work (timeline).
• (Occasionally) Where you will conduct this work.
4. Writing Thesis/Project Proposals
Purpose:
• Justify and plan (or contract for) a research
project.
• Show how your project contributes to existing
research.
• Demonstrate that you understand how to conduct
discipline-specific research in an acceptable time-
frame.
Audience:
• your academic advisor and committee
5. Proposal Writing and Anxiety:
Proposal-specific Advice
• Understand that the proposal will be negotiated--
be prepared to revise!
• Think of the proposal as an introduction to your
thesis or project.
• Remember that the proposal is not a compulsory
contract.
• Remember that your proposal is not intended to
limit ideas, but to help you think practically.
• Ask classmates to form a writing group.
• Talk to your Supervisor/Academic advisor!
6. Parts of a Proposal
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction/Background
• Problem Statement
• Purpose/Aims/Rationale/
Research Questions
• Review of Literature
• Methodology
• Significance/
Implications
• Overview of
Chapters
• Plan of Work
• Bibliography
7. Creating a Working Title
• Orient your readers to your
research topic.
• Indicate the type of study you
will conduct.
8. Abstract
• Provide a brief (100-150 word) overview of
the proposal
• Summarize important elements
(Introduction, Statement of the Problem,
Background of the Study, Research
Questions, and Methods and Procedures).
9. Introduction/Background
• Establish the general subject area .
• Describe the broad foundations of your
study - provide adequate background for
readers.
• Indicate the general scope of your project.
• Provide an overview of the sections that
will appear in your proposal (optional).
• Engage the readers.
10. Statement of the Problem
• Answer the question: “What is the gap that
needs to be filled?” and/or “What is the
problem that needs to be solved?”
• State the problem clearly early in a
paragraph.
• Limit the variables you address in stating
your problem.
• Consider bordering the problem as a
question.
11. Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research Questions
• Explain the goals and objectives of the
study.
• Show the original contributions of your
study (Optional).
• Provide a more detailed account of the
points summarized in the introduction.
• Include a justification (rationale) for the
study.
• Be clear about what your study will not
address.
12. Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research Questions
In addition, this section may:
• Describe the research questions of the
study.
• Include a subsection defining important
terms.
• State limitations of the research.
• Provide a justification for the particular
subjects of the study.
13. Review of Literature
• How other scholars have written about your
topic.
• The range of theories used to analyze materials
or data
• How other scholars connect their specific
research topics to larger issues, questions, or
practices within the field.
• The best methodologies and research
techniques for your particular topic.
Writing the literature review allows you
to understand:
14. Review of Literature:
symbolic Functions
• Situates the current study within a wider
disciplinary conversation.
• Illustrates the uniqueness, importance of
and need for your particular project.
• Justifies methodological choices.
• Demonstrates familiarity with the topic and
appropriate approaches to studying it.
15. An Effective Literature Review should
• Flesh out the background of your
study.
• Critically assess important research
trends or areas of interest.
• Identify potential gaps in knowledge.
• Establish a need for current and/or
future research projects.
16. Tips on drafting a literature review
• Categorize the literature into recognizable
topic clusters:
– stake out the various positions that are relevant
to your project,
– build on conclusions that lead to your project, or
– demonstrate the places where the literature is
lacking.
• Avoid “Smith says X, Jones says Y” literature
reviews.
• Avoid including all the studies on the subject.
• Avoid polemics, praise, and blame.
17. Writing Literature Reviews: Key Point
• You are entering a scholarly conversation already
in progress. The literature review shows that you’ve
been listening and that you have something
valuable to say.
• After assessing the literature in your field, you
should be able to answer the following questions:
– Why should we study (further) this research
topic/problem?
– What contributions will my study make to the existing
literature?
18. Methodology
• Introduce the overall methodological approach.
• Indicate how the approach fits the overall
research design.
• Describe the specific methods of data
collection.
• Explain how you intend to analyze and
interpret your results.
• If necessary, provide background and
justification for unfamiliar methodologies.
• Address possible limitations.
19. Tips on Drafting Methodology
• Break down your methodology into
subsections.
– In the Engineering, may include subjects, design,
apparatus, instrumentation, process, analysis, etc.
• Remember that your methods section may also
require supporting literature.
• Anticipate and prevent the audience’s
methodological concerns.
– Acknowledge major problems.
– Justify your approach by showing how benefits
balance potential problems.
20. Significance/Implications
• Discuss the methodological, substantive,
and/or theoretical contribution.
• State the practical and/or theoretical
importance of the problem and/or
objectives of your study.
• Explain the usefulness or benefits of the
study to both the outside world and the
research community.
21. Overview of Chapters
• Some proposals include a sentence
length description of each chapter
(i.e. chapter two reviews relevant
literature; chapter three discusses the
methodology).
22. Timeline/Plan of Work
Some things to keep in mind:
• Consult your supervisor.
• Be aware of important dates for submitting.
• Do not be overly ambitious.
• Remember that your proposed timeline
demonstrates your awareness of the various
elements of the study (approval, design,
testing, and length of experiments; purchase
of necessary materials; drafting; redrafting).
23. Bibliography & Appendices
• Include a working bibliography of key
texts that inform your study and
methodology.
• Your appendices may include
Experiment Diagrams, table, computer
program etc.
• Both bibliographies and required
appendices tend to be discipline specific:
know what the requirements are.
24. More Proposal “Nuts and Bolts”
• Length
– Most are roughly 5 to 6 pages, but
they can be much longer.
• Style Considerations
– Tone
– Coherence
• Voice
• Visual Aids
25. Style Considerations: Coherence
• Move from “old” information to “new” information.
• Put the most important information at the end of
the sentence.
• Keep the subject and verb together.
• Start sentences with short, easily understood
phrases.
• Use “stock” transitional phrases.
• Use pronouns and/or recycling.
26. Voice and Visual Aids
Voice
• Active: I will conduct the bulk of the research during
the six-month fieldwork period.
• Passive: The bulk of the research will be conducted
during fieldwork.
Reasons to use Passive Voice:
• Your field may prefer its use, especially in describing
research design and experimental activities.
• You need to defend consistency from sentence to
sentence.
27. Visual Aids
• Incorporate charts, graphs, diagrams,
illustrations, etc., wherever possible,
permissible, or practical.