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Stages of the Information Search Process 
Stages of 
Information 
Search 
Process 
Initiate Locate Select Organise Present Asses 
Feelings 
(Affective) 
Uncertainty Optimism Confusion 
Frustration 
Doubt 
THE DIP! 
Sense of 
direction / 
Confidence 
Satisfaction or 
Disappointment 
Sense of 
accomplishment 
Thoughts 
(Cognitive) 
Vague Vague Confused Increased 
interest 
Increased 
interest 
Increased 
self-awareness 
Actions 
(Physical) 
Seeking relevant 
Exploring 
information pertinent 
Documenting 
information reflection 
Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
The Research River 
 Starting a research task, you are at the 
beginning of a journey. 
 This is a journey that you’ll repeat many 
times in your life at school and work. 
 It’s not a simple journey, and may be 
likened to the progress a river makes from 
its source to the sea. 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
The research river: Initiate 
Research can be 
likened to a river’s 
progress. At its source, 
the river’s flow is weak 
and undirected. 
In the Initiate stage of 
an assignment you 
may feel lost and 
uncertain as to the 
path you might take. 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 
2010
The research river: Locate 
This is a peaceful and 
happy part of the 
research river. 
You browse some shallows 
and get surface 
information on a few 
topics to help you 
choose the one you like. 
You use key word searches 
www.flickr.com 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 
2010
The research river: Select 
As water is added to the river, 
it carves a channel for itself and 
soon forms a series of rapids. 
As you seek information, you 
find there’s quite a lot of it! 
You may even plunge headfirst 
over a waterfall! 
THE DIP! 
At this stage of the research 
process it is completely normal to 
fall into the dip – to feel 
overloaded, and confused! 
It is definitely here where you 
should seek help from your 
Teacher Librarian 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 
2010
The research river: Organise 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 
2010 
It is only after you’ve researched 
widely, navigated the flood of 
information that you feel strong 
and confident. 
The flow of the river has been 
controlled. 
You are now in charge of the 
information 
You are sorting it, controlling it, 
shaping it to answer your 
question. 
(Keep bibliographic details)
The research river: Present 
Finally, as you approach your 
destination, you may be faced 
with choices 
(What exactly is the shape of my 
essay? How can I shape all my 
information into an argument? 
How am I presenting my 
information) 
Which way will your research 
river flow to the sea? 
Note: Check you’ve covered all 
angles and answered your 
research question. 
(+ Include your Bibliography) 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 
2010
The Research river: Assessment 
• You’ve conquered the 
raging Information 
River! You have 
reached the calm sea, 
peaceful and happy 
with yourself. 
• Or maybe there’s a 
little hole back in that 
old dam you might 
need to fix next time… 
• How was my research 
journey? 
• What worked well? 
• What would I do 
differently next time? 
 www.flickr.com 
Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010

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বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
 

Research river

  • 1. Stages of the Information Search Process Stages of Information Search Process Initiate Locate Select Organise Present Asses Feelings (Affective) Uncertainty Optimism Confusion Frustration Doubt THE DIP! Sense of direction / Confidence Satisfaction or Disappointment Sense of accomplishment Thoughts (Cognitive) Vague Vague Confused Increased interest Increased interest Increased self-awareness Actions (Physical) Seeking relevant Exploring information pertinent Documenting information reflection Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 2. The Research River  Starting a research task, you are at the beginning of a journey.  This is a journey that you’ll repeat many times in your life at school and work.  It’s not a simple journey, and may be likened to the progress a river makes from its source to the sea. Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 3. The research river: Initiate Research can be likened to a river’s progress. At its source, the river’s flow is weak and undirected. In the Initiate stage of an assignment you may feel lost and uncertain as to the path you might take. Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 4. The research river: Locate This is a peaceful and happy part of the research river. You browse some shallows and get surface information on a few topics to help you choose the one you like. You use key word searches www.flickr.com Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 5. The research river: Select As water is added to the river, it carves a channel for itself and soon forms a series of rapids. As you seek information, you find there’s quite a lot of it! You may even plunge headfirst over a waterfall! THE DIP! At this stage of the research process it is completely normal to fall into the dip – to feel overloaded, and confused! It is definitely here where you should seek help from your Teacher Librarian Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 6. The research river: Organise Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010 It is only after you’ve researched widely, navigated the flood of information that you feel strong and confident. The flow of the river has been controlled. You are now in charge of the information You are sorting it, controlling it, shaping it to answer your question. (Keep bibliographic details)
  • 7. The research river: Present Finally, as you approach your destination, you may be faced with choices (What exactly is the shape of my essay? How can I shape all my information into an argument? How am I presenting my information) Which way will your research river flow to the sea? Note: Check you’ve covered all angles and answered your research question. (+ Include your Bibliography) Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010
  • 8. The Research river: Assessment • You’ve conquered the raging Information River! You have reached the calm sea, peaceful and happy with yourself. • Or maybe there’s a little hole back in that old dam you might need to fix next time… • How was my research journey? • What worked well? • What would I do differently next time?  www.flickr.com Adapted from: Lee FitzGerald, Loreto Kirribilli, November 18th, 2010

Editor's Notes

  1. Supported by research - Kuhlthau, from 1985 to present, Todd, Gordon – See the CISSL website at Rutgers Research columns in Scan over the last few years – Todd, Gordon, Schefers, Foley Not an imposed process but describes what people researching do. Feelings, thoughts, actions required at each stage. The top row described the steps a student takes in any research enquiry, i.e. what students do in a Guided Inquiry. Second row: deals with the affective domain: Feelings - The Dip at Exploration Third row describes the actions students take to research – Interesting in its differentiation of the types of searching appropriate to the stage of the information process – move from RELEVANT TO PERTINENT. The length of time it takes to Formulate either your own question or your own take on information – may be more in open-ended inquiry, but is ALWAYS COMPLEX. The Information process essentially follows the same stages of information seeking and use as Information Search Process, with these differences: The defining stage is very much longer in the Information Search process, reflecting Kuhltau’s belief that it takes a long time for a researcher to arrive at their own “take” on information, whether it’s an open ended enquiry or not. The Information Search process anticipates students’ feelings – particularly the dip – which is a useful thing for students to know. The Information Search Process highlights a process of searching going from very broad at the outset (“relevant”) to very particular later in the process (“pertinent”) Allow for these three elements alongside the very practical steps in the Information Process. That is, Defining takes time Allow for the feelings of students in e.g. Overload at defining stage. Include different types of searching for different stages of the search process.
  2. The research river is an analogy developed by Di Laycock from Barker and me to tell students about the Information Search Process. Kids at Loreto have found it useful, if a little corny!
  3. Levels of searching appropriate to the stage student is at is central to The Research River, and to what we found out in the small scale 2010 action research on Guided Inquiry which I’m presenting today.
  4. Students in our research project this year really took on board the language of the Research River.