The average age of first-time mothers has risen significantly over the past 30 years. According to the author's research, the average age increased from 22.6 years in 1980 to 25 years in 2009. Most of those surveyed cited higher education as the primary reason for delaying childbirth into their late 20s or older. Social expectations have also shifted to emphasize career and education attainment before starting a family. The trends suggest social influences are contributing to women's choices to have children later in life.