The document outlines the introductory lecture for a course on research methodology. It discusses key topics like the difference between search and research, types of research classified by inquiry method, objectives, applications, and logic, and the stages of research. Research is presented as a systematic process of investigating issues to increase knowledge and arrive at new conclusions, as opposed to simple searching. The course will cover topics such as formulating research problems and questions, research design, data collection, analysis, and reporting findings over its 15 weeks.
Braun, Clarke & Hayfield Thematic Analysis Part 3Victoria Clarke
The third part of a four part lecture providing an introduction to thematic analysis and specifically the reflexive approach developed by Braun & Clarke.
This presentation talks about essentials that a good research proposal should have; right from designing to the quality checks for entire set of activities in research .
What is Research Proposal?
Why do We Need to Write
Research Proposals?
Techniques of Preparing
Research Proposal
How to Write Good
Research Proposals?
Assessment of Research Proposal
How to Defend Research Proposal?
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
On practical philosophy of research in science and technologySeppo Karrila
An attempt to indoctrinate graduate students with some philosophy of science and good practices in their research. Some references are included to disturbing trends known from poor practices that appear common to some fields, to make clear the importance of reliable methods, in particular the Scientific Method. Trigger warning: not trying to be nice to everybody.
This presentation deals with enhancing Quality of Research in Social Sciences. It enlists the problems faced , errors in research and guides on improving Quality of Research.
Braun, Clarke & Hayfield Thematic Analysis Part 3Victoria Clarke
The third part of a four part lecture providing an introduction to thematic analysis and specifically the reflexive approach developed by Braun & Clarke.
This presentation talks about essentials that a good research proposal should have; right from designing to the quality checks for entire set of activities in research .
What is Research Proposal?
Why do We Need to Write
Research Proposals?
Techniques of Preparing
Research Proposal
How to Write Good
Research Proposals?
Assessment of Research Proposal
How to Defend Research Proposal?
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
On practical philosophy of research in science and technologySeppo Karrila
An attempt to indoctrinate graduate students with some philosophy of science and good practices in their research. Some references are included to disturbing trends known from poor practices that appear common to some fields, to make clear the importance of reliable methods, in particular the Scientific Method. Trigger warning: not trying to be nice to everybody.
This presentation deals with enhancing Quality of Research in Social Sciences. It enlists the problems faced , errors in research and guides on improving Quality of Research.
M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE
ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
M.ARCH. (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE)
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT II - Identification of Problem & Review of Literature
Problems in research – identification of research problem,
Research objectives and Research Hypothesis,
Research question
Questionnaire and Interview Schedule.
Introduction to writing research questions and determining what variables to use. Introductory concepts for school personnel interested in action research.
conceptualisation leads to better clarity while doing research . It provides road map to progress and verify the outcome of research . Research questions , objectives , gaps and hypothesis can be mapped on the conceptual framework . It also helps in operationalisation of the variables.
M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE
ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
M.ARCH. (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE)
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT II - Identification of Problem & Review of Literature
Problems in research – identification of research problem,
Research objectives and Research Hypothesis,
Research question
Questionnaire and Interview Schedule.
Introduction to writing research questions and determining what variables to use. Introductory concepts for school personnel interested in action research.
conceptualisation leads to better clarity while doing research . It provides road map to progress and verify the outcome of research . Research questions , objectives , gaps and hypothesis can be mapped on the conceptual framework . It also helps in operationalisation of the variables.
Writing papers during the journey phd workshop Oct 2013Dianne Dredge
Writing papers during your PhD, to document the twists and turns in your thinking, to make sense of what you know, and to test out your ideas, is increasingly, a ‘must’ if you want a competitive resume as an aspiring academic. In this interactive workshop we explore ways in which you can write papers, develop a publishing strategy and foster the writing and publishing networks that will serve you well in the future.
How to Research
Everybody who want to write research papers , articles , review paper are need to learn some rules for it . These slides will help them alot.
The field of Research Methodology pertains to the scientific study of the methods employed in research. It involves a systematic approach to resolving research problems through the logical adoption of various steps. Methodology serves to facilitate comprehension not only of the outcomes of scientific inquiry, but also of the process itself. The primary objective of Research Methodology is to describe and analyze research methods, elucidate their limitations and resources, and clarify their presuppositions and consequences. Additionally, it aims to relate their potentialities to the ambiguous realm at the forefront of knowledge.
Dr Calzada delivered a lecture regarding Mixed Methods and Triangulation as a complex way in which research combines qualitative and quantitative sequential or concurrent approach.
The Process of Conducting Educational ResearchCarlo Luna
The Process of Conducting Educational Research
* Definition of Research and Research Process
* Steps in the Process of Research
* Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
* Types of Research Designs
* Skills Needed in Designing and Conducting Research
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
1. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
Research Methodology
Dr. Ayat Ismail, PhD
Urban design & planning dept.
Ain Shams University
ayat.ismail@eng.asu.edu.eg
Introductory Lecture
2. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
Topics
• Overview on Semester Outline
• Introduction to Research Methodology
• What is research?
• Types of research
• Stages of research
3. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
Weeks Lecture Series and Activities
w1 - 22 Feb Introductory lecture: What is research? - types of research - the stages of research - semester overview
w2 - 1 Mar
Formulating a research: From an Interest to a Topic, from a Topic to a Question, and From a Question to
a Problem
w3 - 8 Mar
Navigating the literature - finding reliable sources – reviewing the selected literature – developing a
theoretical framework
w4 - 15 Mar
Developing an analytical framework – Identifying variables – case study selection – tools for qualitative
research data collection and analysis
w5 - 22 Mar off
w6 - 29 Mar
Building an argument - Basing claims on reasons - Basing reasons on evidence - Acknowledging and
responding to alternatives
w7 - 5 Apr How to write a research proposal? components of proposal – how to develop realistic work plan?
w8 - 12 Apr Tutorial – discussion of students’ MT topics and its development in time for MT WS
w9 - 19 Apr
Validity and reliability of research – methods for determining validity and reliability in quantitative and
qualitative research
w10 - 26 Apr Master Thesis Workshop (TBC) – Preliminary Submission
w11 - 3 May Research Ethics: plagiarism and misconduct – quotes and referencing styles
w12 - 10 May
Introductions and Conclusions- How to write an introduction – how to write a conclusion – the
components of conclusions
w13 - 17 May Tutorial – discussion of students’ MT proposals for their 1st MT colloquium
w14 - 24 May Planning to draft, drafting your thesis, and revising your draft
w15 - 31 May Master Thesis Colloquium 1 (TBC) – Final Submission
4. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Research as an everyday practice
• What do you do when:
• You want to buy a car?
• You want to find a good dentist?
• You want to hear popular songs of 2016?
• You want to know the newly discovered tropical
fish species of the 21st century?
• Be aware of the difference between Search & Research
5. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Search
• Searching is the act of looking for something at a place. Whether it is a
kid searching his lost toy or NASA looking for life on a planet. Search isn’t
good at finding the answers to more complicated questions or looking at
multiple aspects of an issue. This is where research becomes important.
• Research
• Research is a systematic way of investigation of things to increase our
knowledge base, through analyzing information to establish facts and to
arrive at new conclusions.
• It is a scientific way for answering questions and solving problems,
following a set of conventions or rules which guide the process of
research.
6. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why research?
• We might think we know the answer to our question; or we
might think the answer is obvious, common sense even;
• But until we have subjected our problem to rigorous scientific
scrutiny (inspection- study – examination), our 'knowledge'
remains little more than guesswork or at best, intuition
(insight – perception- feeling).
• So what?
• The decision making process and the progress of any field can
not be built upon insight or feelings.
7. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why write up your research?
• Write to remember
• Write to understand
• Write to gain perspective
• Write to report to others
• Write to document
8. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why write it up?
• Write to remember
• Write to understand
• Write to gain perspective
• Write to report to others
• Write to document
• What you don’t write down you are likely to forget or, worse, to misremember
• That’s why careful researchers don’t wait until they’ve gathered all their data
to start writing: they write from the beginning of their project so that they
can hold as much of it in their minds as clearly as they can
9. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why write it up?
• Write to remember
• Write to understand
• Write to gain perspective
• Write to report to others
• Write to document
• When you arrange and rearrange the results of your research in new ways,
you discover new connections, contrasts, complications, and implications.
• Writing helps you line up arguments that pull in different directions, plot out
complicated relationships, sort out disagreements among experts.
10. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why write it up?
• Write to remember
• Write to understand
• Write to gain perspective
• Write to report to others
• Write to document
• The basic reason for writing, is to get your thoughts out of your head and
onto paper, where you can see them in the clearer light of print, a light that
is always brighter and usually less flattering. Just about all of us, students
and professionals alike, think our ideas are more coherent in the dark
warmth of our minds than they turn out to be in the cold light of day.
11. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Why write it up?
• Write to remember
• Write to understand
• Write to gain perspective
• Write to report to others
• Write to document
• Make your worthy findings available for others to benefit from it in the way
you benefited from others who reported their research, who themselves
benefited from the research of countless others.
• Governments, businesses, decision makers, designers, developers, and
many others build their everyday actions on research reported by others
12. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research
1. Types of research according to the mode of inquiry
2. Types of research according to the objectives of research
3. Types of research according to the applications of research
4. Types of research according to the Logic (approach) of
research
13. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research
1. Types of research according to the mode of inquiry
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
• Attempts to understand & interpret
social interactions.
• Qualitative data includes words, images,
or objects, open-ended responses,
interviews, participant observations,
field notes, & reflections.
• Study behavior in a natural
environment.
• Narrative report with contextual
description & direct quotations from
research participants.
• Attempts to test hypotheses, look at cause
& effect, & make predictions.
• Quantitative data includes numbers and
statistics, based on precise measurements
using structured & validated data-collection
instruments.
• Study behavior under controlled
conditions; isolate causal effects.
• Statistical report with correlations,
comparisons of means, & statistical
significance of findings.
14. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research
2. Types of research according to the objectives of research
Exploratory
Research
Explanatory
Research
Descriptive
Research
Correlational
Research
Attempts to describe
systematically a
situation, service
phenomenon, or
describe attitudes
towards an issue.
Through
categorization and
classification of
relevant aspects.
Attempts to clarify
why and how there is
a relationship
between two or more
aspects of a situation
or a phenomenon. It
explains the behavior
of aspects or the
reoccurrence of
situations.
Attempts to discover
or establish the
existence of a
relationship/
association/
interdependence
between two or more
aspects of a situation
or a phenomenon.
The objective is to
explore an area
where little is known
or to investigate the
possibilities of
undertaking a
particular research
study. Examples are
feasibility and pilot
studies.
15. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research
3. Types of research according to the applications of research
Pure Research Applied Research
• Involves developing and testing
theories that are intellectually
challenging to the researcher but may
or may not have a practical
application at the present time or in
the future.
• Such work often involves the testing
of hypotheses containing very abstract
and specialized concepts.
• The research techniques, procedures
and methods are applied to the
collection of information about
various aspects of a situation, issue,
problem, or phenomenon so that the
information gathered can be used in
other ways - such as for policy
formulation, administration, and the
enhancement of understanding of a
phenomenon.
16. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research
4. Types of research according to the Logic (approach) of research
Deductive Research Inductive Research
An established
theory exists and we are
trying relate our observation to it to
deduce the validity of our hypothesis
No established
theory exists and
we are trying to induce or generate
one based on recurring patterns
17. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Types of research according to
1. Mode of inquiry: Qualitative - Quantitative
2. Objectives: Exploratory – Explanatory – Descriptive -
Correlational
3. Applications Pure - Applied
4. Logic: Deductive - Inductive
The classifications are not mutually exclusive, one research can be
applied, exploratory, and quantitative all at the same time. Can you
come up with an example?
18. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Stages of research
• Stage one: Planning and framing issues
• Stage two: Gathering and recording
• Stage three: Conducting the research
• Stage four: Analysing the information
• Stage five: Writing and Sharing
19. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Stages of research (Kumar, 2011)
• Phase I: Deciding what to research
1. formulating a research problem
• Phase II: Planning a research study
2. Conceptualizing a research design
3. Constructing an instrument for data collection
4. Selecting a sample
5. Writing a research proposal
• Phase III: Conducting a research study
6. collecting data
7. Processing and displaying data
8. Writing a research report
20. MSc
Integrated urbanism
& Sustainable Design
(IUSD)
• Stages of research (Kumar, 2011)
• Phase I: Deciding what to research
1. formulating a research problem
• Phase II: Planning a research study
2. Conceptualizing a research design
3. Constructing an instrument for data collection
4. Selecting a sample
5. Writing a research proposal
• Phase III: Conducting a research study
6. collecting data
7. Processing and displaying data
8. Writing a research report