This document discusses research instruments used to collect data for research studies. It defines a research instrument as a tool used to measure and analyze data related to research interests. Common types of research instruments mentioned include interviews, tests, surveys, checklists. The document provides examples of different types of interviews and questionnaires that can be used. It also discusses characteristics of good research instruments like being valid, reliable, and free of bias. Overall, the document provides an overview of different types of research instruments and factors to consider when selecting an instrument for a research study.

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RESEARCH
INSTRUMENTS

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Objectives
a. Identify and understand the different
types of research instrument;
b. Craft a research instrument suited for
a particular research study.

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Research Instrument
A Research Instrument is a tool used to collect,
measure, and analyze data related to your
research interests. These tools are most
commonly used in health sciences, social
sciences, and education to assess patients,
clients, students, teachers, staff, etc. A research
instrument can include interviews, tests,
surveys, or checklists (Teachers College,
Columbia University).

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Research Instrument
The Research Instrument is usually
determined by the researcher and is
tied to the study methodology
specifically the research design, and
to the Statement of the Problems or
Objectives.

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Characteristics of a Good
Research Instrument
• Valid and Reliable
• Based on the Conceptual Framework
• Must gather data suitable for and relevant to
the research topic.
• Able to test hypothesis and/or answer
proposed research questions under
investigation.

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Characteristics of a Good
Research Instrument
• Free of bias and appropriate for the context,
culture, and diversity of the study site.
• Contains clear and definite instructions to use
the instrument.

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Types of Research Instrument
Interviews or the interaction where
verbal questions are posed by an
interviewer to elicit verbal responses
from an interviewee.

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Types of Interviews
Structured Interview a formal set of questions
posed to each interviewee and recorded using a
standardized procedure.
Semi-structured interview is a data collection
method that involves asking participants a set of
open-ended questions and following them up
with probe questions to explore further their
response and the topic of interest.

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Types of Interviews
Unstructured Interview sometimes called non-
directive interview, is a data collection method in
which the questions or the order they are asked
are not predetermined.

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Example of Research that utilized
Interview as a Research Instrument
“TEACHING BIOLOGY IN THE SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
MATHEMATICS (STEM) STRAND”
-Enate (2021)

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Types of Research Instrument
Questionnaire is a research
instrument that consists of a set of
questions or other types of prompts
that aims to collect information from a
respondent.

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Types of Questionnaire
• Survey Questionnaire
• Checklist
• Rating Scale
• Psychological Test Standardized
Questionnaire
• Test Questionnaire

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Example of Researches that utilized
Questionnaire as a Research Instrument
“ SCHOOL PHYSICAL CLIMATE AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS”

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Conceptual Framework of the Study

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Research Statement of the Problems
1. What is the level of Academic Performance
of the Senior High School Students?
2. What is the level of students’ perception
about the School Physical Climate in terms
of,
1.1 Physical Facilities
1.2. Cleanliness
1.3. Classroom atmosphere and;
1.4. Feeling of safety

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Psychological Test Research
Instrument
“Resilience Quotient Academic Achievement
of Grade 11 STEM Students Amidst Covid-19
Pandemic”

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Research Statement of the Problems
1. What is the level of Academic Achievement
of Grade 11 STEM students?
2. What is the level of Resilience Quotient of
Grade 11 STEM Students amidst Covid-19
Pandemic?

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Test Questionnaire
“TEACHING AND MASTERING CALCULUS
COMPUTER COURSEWARE (TEMACCC) AND
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11
STEM STUDENTS OF ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL”

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Research Statement of the Problem
1. What is the level of Academic Performance
of Grade 11 STEM Students in Pre-Calculus
based on their Pre-test and Posttest scores?

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Conceptual Framework of the Study

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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Checklist
“Computer Laboratory Facilities and
Computer Skills of Senior High School ICT
Students”

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Research Objective
1. Determine the computer laboratory
facilities for Senior High School ICT students
at Isulan National High School.

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Research Instrument

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Research Instrument

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A quote to ponder
“The success of a Research Study
depends on the Research Instrument”

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THANK YOU !