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Research Aspects Of Water Quality
Introduction
1.1Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this investigation is to research aspects of water quality such as guidelines for water quality, water quality parameters, contaminants that
effect water quality, water quality tests and catchment area influences. Samples from the Dee River, from above and below the former Mount Morgan
mine site, will be tested and compared in terms of pH level, conductivity and water hardness. The links that exist between pH levels and water hardness
will also be investigated. These three variables have dramatic influences on the water quality of the Dee River which will be discussed throughout the
investigation.
1.2Water Quality
Water is a fundamental resource which is essential to human life... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water quality protects and maintains public health, provides stable habitats for ecosystems, plays a major role in the agriculture and mining industries
and contributes to recreation and tourism.
Because water is not pure, except in its vapour form, it is affected by a range of different parameters. For example, agriculture, urban, recreation,
industrial uses can alter the quality as well as the modification of natural stream flows by man–made infrastructure and the weather, in particular the
wrath of droughts.
Water is generally at a higher quality higher in the river, the best water quality is typically found in the headwaters. The quality often declines as rivers
flow through regions where land and water use are intense and where pollution from industry increases.
1.2.1Water Hardness
Water hardness is typically known as the amount of minerals present in an aqueous solution. It specifically looks at the amounts of dissolved calcium
and magnesium in the water. Hard water generally has high levels of dissolved minerals whilst soft water has low levels.
According to South East Water, the general guidelines classifications for soft water is 0 to 60 mg/L (milligrams per litre) of
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of 5g Mobile Architecture
This article presents an architecture vision to address the challenges placed on 5G mobile networks. A two layer architecture is proposed, consisting of
a radio network and a network cloud. Three main concepts are integrated; ultra–dense small cell deployments on licensed and unlicensed spectrum,
NFV and SDN and intelligent use of network data. This article proposes a novel 5G mobile network architecture that accommodates the evolution of
communication types, end–user behaviour, and technology, trends in end–user and technology that motivate the challenges of 5G network and
articulation of a 5G mobile network architecture. There are 6 challenges of 5G mobile networks; higher capacity, higher data rate, lower E2E latency,
massive device connectivity,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A radio network has different types of base stations and RRUs performing a set of L1/L2 functions while a network cloud has a U–plane entity (UPE)
and a C–plane entity (CPE).This architecture will simplifies the network and facilitates quick, flexible deployment and management. Network clouds
allow resource pooling, reducing overprovisioning and underutilization of network resources. By employing SDN and NFV, CPE and UPE functions
in the network cloud can be deployed quickly, orchestrated and scaled on demand. Resources within data centre can be quickly shifted to support
popular applications. A cloud infrastructure provides flexibility with respect to the available raw processing capacity. Parts of the platform can be
rented out to third parties. With virtualization, NAS and AS protocol can be integrated into a single protocol, removing redundant functionality.
Functionalities provided by different RAN and CN protocols can be merged. A single U–plane entity can provide radio transport services and gateway
functionalities.
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Chemical Reactions
Chemistry
"Chemical Reaction and the PH Scale" Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks
were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. As you might
imagine, it's useful to be able to measure the acidity of solutions. Scientists have come up with the pH scale for determining the concentration of acid in
a solution so we can distinguish between solutions with varying acidity. AChemical reaction is the outcome of two or more elements together results in
the formation of a chemical bond between atoms and compound. Chemicals react together due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PH Scale which is a diagram that is used to show the different measurements of water. In general is important to know how the pH scale works
because it determines whether or not a liquid is acidic or
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President Of Csea 's A Productive Labor Management Meeting
Tami Castelluccio, President of CSEA had a productive labor management meeting with Assistant Superintendent Rogenski and Director of Classified
HR Nancy Gamache. CSEA shared a survey they would like to send to Unit 3 members to get feedback and to use in meetings with the Special
Education department. Friday, September 30th was staff development which was a day of learning and camaraderie for the classified staff. Ms.
Castelluccio noted that CSEA is working to get out the vote for Proposition 55. Ann Katzburg, President of SRVEA shared that SRVEA's focus has
been on hate and intolerance and Ms. Katzburg attended a conference with that focus. Last week SRVEA held a community engagement meeting with
community leaders. Ms. Katzburg... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many schools have denied and opted out of cell towers on their sites as they do not believe it is safe for their students. Carrie Nevis reviewed a
federal government report which was released in May of 2016 from the National Toxicology Program. To date it is the largest study done and
while inconclusive and requires more research, it does state there is something going on regarding radio frequency fields. Ms. Nevis suggests we
place the cell tower in another location where it will not impact children and community members. Aric Gurovith is a resident of Danville and has
2 daughters in the District, he feels since we do not have a 100% guarantee that there will be no long term effects, the District should not take the
chance. Mary Beedle noted that according to information she has read there was some analysis done previously where three schools were
identified and Cal High was chosen at that time for a cell tower. She would like to know why there is a need for another cell tower and who is
identifying the need. She would also like to know if the need is identified by Verizon, why their map shows the highest coverage possible in the San
Ramon Valley. She noted there is currently a cell tower in the commercial district of downtown Danville. She would like to know the sources the
Board used previously to help make their decision on the safety of a cell tower, and she
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Mobile Phone Exposure And Carcinogenesis Essay
Mobile phone exposure and carcinogenesis
Brain cancer is the most frightening hazard of mobile phone use. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified RF fields as
"possibly carcinogenic to humans," in 2002 in spite of limited evidence from human and animal studies (IARC, 2002).
The relation between mobile phone radiation exposure and cancer are justified. Muscat et al. (2000) showed that a relationship exists between mobile
phone use and meningioma or glioma. A meta–analysis conducted by Swedish researchers and published in the International Journal of Oncology,
pointed out to a significant correlation between long–term use of mobile phones and brain tumors (Hardell et al. 2011). They found that both malignant
and benign tumors were linked to the chronic exposure to cell phone radiation and suggested that mobile phones were not safe for long–term use.
In 2011, after taking the opinions of 30 experts from 14 countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized mobile phone radiation as a
potential Group 2B carcinogen and officially advised consumers to limit their use (IARC, 2011; Baan et al., 2011). This suggests that mobile phone
radiation may have a carcinogenic effect. Recently, Howlader et al. (2013) reported that mobile phone use raises the risk of brain cancer. Several
possible pathways of carcinogenesis have been suggested. As we have discussed, the plasma membrane may be a target of RF–EMW. RF–EMW may
act on various enzymes and
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cellphone
Information Technology (IT) always being referred to a technology used to make our live better, neither in data processing, communicating,
advertising, entertainment nor others. We used IT in our daily live, starting at the very early morning until the very late night. IT has become part and
parcel of our live. Nowadays, the hand held device that is one of the most common thing relatable to IT, it is fascinating to understand the benefits and
the drawbacks for users. Before a hand held device or cellphone become a common thing to mankind, people use other ways to communicate. Some
use letter or snail mail, telegram, or they send a person to convey the message to another person in a different place. Back then, to make a meeting
arrangement,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The information will allow student to process and be more advanced in seeing things. There is no doubt, mobile phone is more common things that
help to facilitate student to seek information. There is "google" rather than dictionary or encyclopedia. Student has better understanding because
nowadays the information might available not just in writing, but in animation where pictures and colors to help them remembers. Mobile phones
allows the education to be completed in more interactive ways, in example
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Bromopropane And Potassium Hydroxide Lab Report
The purposes of this experiment were to model a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction between potassium hydroxide (KOH) with
1–bromopropane and determine whether it follows a second–order rate law mechanism. A rate constant of 0.0684 M–1 min–1 was obtained for this
reaction at 45.1В°C, which was determined through equilibrating the reaction and performing titrations of 0.390 M KOH with 0.1000 M hydrochloric
acid (HCl). The activation energy calculated from class data was 50.188 kJ/mol, which deviated largely from the literature range value of 72.80–83.76
kJ/mol. It was concluded that the reaction was consistent with the predicted SN2 mechanism, based on the regression of a trendline.
Many reactions that exist in nature involve a double displacement between ions and reactants with solvents. A bimolecularnucleophilic substitution, or
SN2 reaction, involves a nucleophilic attack on a substrate and the departure of a leaving group. Anucleophile is a compound or ion that donates
electrons to promote bond formation (Caldwell, 1984). In order for a leaving group in a compound to leave, it must possess the characteristics of a
weak base and be able to occupy electrons. Several factors affect the rate and favorability of such reaction, such as (Bateman, 1940). In addition, the
substrate that is attacked by the nucleophile is commonly an unhindered primary substrate to allow the reaction to occur quicker. An SN2 reaction
follows the second–order rate law. In this
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Vinegar Lab Report
How Much Acetic Acid Is in Vinegar?
The chemical makeup of certain acids and bases that are not managed reacted properly can be harmful and a result of improperly measured acids
and bases. This could have a negative effect on humans pertaining to different liquids that could be consumed or physically hazardous to the body.
However, due to decades of research in the department of science, it can be confirmed that ideas like the HSAB Principle and the Lewis Principle
help categorize acids and bases between being harmful or not and secondarily help humans be more cautious, according to professor Tse–Lok Ho.1
However, experimental these measurements can be specified and determined through titrations. According to Jakub Ederer and other researchers,
titrations have quick and determinable results and do not require a lot of money and are commonly used for acids.2 The Lab Manual provides an
experiment that includes a titration to determine the moles of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a specific amount of vinegar.3 To follow through with this
experiment, the acid–base reaction has a known molar concentration of NaOH solution that reacts with an unknown molar concentration of acetic acid
to make water and NaC2H3O2, resulting in a titration. Before the initial trial titration, a thorough cleaning procedure of the buret and materials was
necessary to ensure there is no contamination of other chemicals or solutions. The buret was washed out with soap, tap water, and distilled water with no
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Difference Between Gsm And CDMA
Difference between GSM AND CDMA .
This term paper is a comparison (difference) between two technologies which brought revolution in the field of mobile communication i.e GSM and
CDMA . Firstly in the term paper , history of both of these technologies , GSM and CDMA is introduced along with their brief terminology . After the
history construction , working and its application is discussed and compared . Finally the main difference in both the technologies i.e GSM and CDMA
is summarized to complete the term paper .
CDMA and GSM are the two types of technologies or way used in cell phones for transmitting the digital signal over the air . CDMA stands for
Code Division Multiple Access as from the name it is clear that in this technologies the radio frequency are divided so that multiple user can access
the same wireless spectrum . GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication as from the name it is clear that
History of GSM and CDMA . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1982 Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study group named Groupe SpГ©cial Mobile this is the place were GSM
begins . Seven year later it was ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) , who takes the responsibility to develop GSM in 1989 .
Finally ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) published the phase – 1 specification of GSM in 1991 . It was a revolution in mobile
communication , in just 2 years GSM claimed near about 37 distinct networks which spreads over 22 nation
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Career Episode : India Bsc ( Base Station Controller )...
CAREER EPISODE – 1
MTNL India BSC (Base Station Controller) traffic migration
CE 1.1 Introduction:–
Duration : Jan 2008 – June 2008
Geographic Location : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India
Position Held : Engineering Student (College project)
In final year of my bachelor's degree I got the opportunity to work with MTNL (Indian Government's owned telecom company) on BSC (Base Station
Controller) migration as part of training and project. The migration involved both the circuit switched as well as packet switched part.
MTNL was set up by the Government of India to upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand the telecom network, and introduce new services
and to raise revenue for telecom development needs of Indias key metros with services ranging from 2G, 3G, LTE to high speed broadband services.
CE 1.2 Background and Nature of the Work:
CE 1.2.1 Introduction:
As a telecommunication engineering student I studied and came to know that there are two basic technologies in mobile phones on which our
wireless network is based on. These are: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access ) andGSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.
My project of migrating call traffic of BSC was based on GSM technology. After getting familiar with the
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Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates
different approach to the existing problems of lack of indoor coverage and low data rates.
Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile phone services from larger macrocell towers.
These range from very compact residential femtocells to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone
coverage and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the newer 4G/LTE radio technologies.
III.DEFINITION OF AFEMTOCELL
Femtocells, also known as 'home base stations', are small low power cellular network access points that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile
operator's network using residential Digital Subscriber Line ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are certain issues to be handled but still the following major advantages can be listed: a) compensates for poor cellular coverage
inside the homes or small enterprise. b) Provides plug and play feature thus providing the user with ease of installation and usage. c) Compact
structure, that is the Femtocell is actually the UTRAN in a box and offers all services through existing broadband internet connection. d) Voice and
data calls takes place through the secure IP–Sec Tunnel thus offering good quality of encryption and helps in securing the data. e) Helps in offloading
the macro traffic and cell phones automatically switch over to the Femtocell coverage when in range. f) Femtocells are compatible with all 3GPP
handheld devices and help improve the data speed and coverage in the areas where there are slow speeds and poor coverage. g) Femtocells can not
only work efficiently with the existing network infrastructure by extending the cellular macro network but also can serve as primary network if
sufficient number of Femtocells are provided in the region thus reducing the number of macrocells reducing equipment cost and complexity
IV.SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The lab setup of Small Cell Management System along with its Network Element (NE) is as shown in Fig 1. SCMS consists of Wireless management
system (WMS), FileServer (FS), Home device manager (HDM) and Network
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Mobility Based Intrusion Detection Solution
MOBILITY–BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SOLUTION THAT IS BASED ON SPATIO
–TEMPORAL INFORMATION Anju R. Fule
Anju.fule@gmail PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati Prof. V.M. Thakare vilthakare@yahoo.co.in PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati Abstract:
Most of the works on mobile devices security have focused on physical aspects and/or access control, which do not protect the private data on a stolen
device that is in the post authentication state.Mobility–based intrusion detection solution that is based on spatio–temporal information and trajectory
analysis enabling a detection of an attack in 15 minutes with 81% accuracy. The simple data structure used to represent user model (2– and
3–dimension matrix), allows efficient lookup–based attack detection. Developed a system to automatically generate mobility models and detect
behavioral anomalies. Keywords– IDS, SPATIO–TEMPORAL,Anomalies INTRODUCTION:. Mobile phones are ubiquitous and are used for email,
text messages, navigation, education, and as a payment tool. Consequently, mobile devices carry a lot of personal data and, if stolen, that data can
be more important than the loss of the device. Most of the works on mobile devices security have focused on physical aspects and/or access control,
which do not protect the private data on a stolen device that is in the post authentication state. Mobile devices have evolved and experienced a
greatsuccess over the last few years . Such devicesare capable of performing sophisticated tasks
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The Effects Of Radio Frequency Waves On Health
Introduction
With cell phone usage increasing, many individuals have become concerned about the health effects of radiation from cell phones and cell phone
towers. In recent years, various studies have been conducted to determine whether the radio frequency waves from cell phone towers have a
detrimental effect on health. Current research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of radio frequency waves, and while the World
Health Organization does not view radio frequency waves as serious risk, more research needs to be done in order to be certain (USDA, 2009). In this
paper I will be addressing the following scenario (Case 4):
A mobile phone base station was installed near a neighborhood in order to provide a better service coverage in 2008. Over the past 5 years, the local
residents complained of headache, memory loss, dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. They are concerned that the station
has caused neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions. They are more worried about their children,
as a few cases of leukemia and brain tumor have been found in young children (aged 1–3) since then.
In an effort to address the issue of radio frequency radiation exposure in this community, we will provide a background on the sources of radio
frequency radiation as well as the known and suspected health effects. We will also proposed two epidemiological studies and discuss risk management
and
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Directional Receiver Design For Interference Management
1. Introduction A Macrocell user operating in the same band as femtocell users may cause unacceptably high interference levels, if it is close to the
femtocell base station supporting the aforementioned femtocell users, and far away from its own macrocell base station. Additionally, the fact that
femtocells can be deployed in an ad hoc fashion anywhere within a macrocell, and can be removed as easily, adds to the critical importance of
interference management. Notwithstanding the importance of this issue, the concerns listed above renders jointly optimal design of the two networks
impractical due to the complexity and overhead associated with a large dynamic network. Consequently, a computationally manageable yet effective
interference management strategy is needed. Interference management has been an important design element for multiuser systems in the past two
decades. Judicious receiver design for interference limited systems, e.g., CDMA, and multiuser MIMO, proves useful for interference cancellation [3].
In addition to multiuser detection, transmit power control [4], and joint design of transmitters and receivers [5], [6] offer interference mitigation
needed in interference limited systems. We note that while our approach does not involve explicit frequency partitioning between the tiers, i.e., relies
solely on the space dimensions, allowing for greater flexibility, it is possible to have our scheme accompany a frequency partitioning scheme and
increase the number
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Positive Uses Of Cell Phones
Paragraph 2: (Background of Invention) The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century and is still used to this day. The purpose of the
phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and countries. This is shown when the author says, "The telephone first
appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog
electronics." This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a
touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication device. In the modern age a cell phone is
almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because
of how some companies modernize their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the old, simple ones or can't even
afford one at all. Paragraph 3: (Positive Effects) Don't you ever just sit and wonder how people lived before the cell phone even existed? How they
communicated from different places or what they did for fun? Nowadays people can barely live without their phones and is considered a punishment
for many kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are bad. Well, that's what brings out such beauty to the invention! The many
advantages the cell phone provides us with is
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Importance Of Essentia Water
Water. It is one thing that every person on earth relies on to live. Its essential to all living things in order to survive. Humans would only be last to
last days without it. It is crucial to our diet and our health. In fact, there are many different kinds of water. There are different types of water for
example, alkaline, tap, spring, natural, filtered and the list could go on. But water is water, right? Wrong, not all water is the same. In fact different
brands of water that we are so used to drinking can actually be harmful for and our bodies. With the type of things that we consume in our world today,
our body lives in an acidic environment. In these types of environments bacteria, cancer and other harmful things can form and grow... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is created in Essentia's special process. It is what sets Essentia apart from any other water is their proprietary ionization process. This process
removes bitter–tasting acidic ions, creating a more hydrating, more crisp and clean smooth taste of 9.5 pH or higher alkaline. According to a study done
by Journal of the International Society of sports and nutrition, they showed Essentia to rehydrate better than the leading water bottle. (Essentia Water,
n.d).
One thing Essentia Water is known for is their "Essentia Process". Its not just filtered water or spring water thats bottle at the source. They have a
process and is what makes them different than any other type of water out there. According to the company itself, their process starts with their three
part purification process involving,
"Micro–filtration which filters out heavy metals and contaminants followed by reverse osmosis which filters everything remaining and lastly, UV
sanitation which destroys microorganisms and bacteria.There is no chlorine, fluoride, metals, contaminants, or minerals in the water following the
purification process. The water is 99.9% pure. The purified water is then infused with the perfect blend of pure alkaline electrolytes (for taste) like
calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium bicarbonate) in trace amounts. Finally, our proprietary ionization process supercharges the water,
removing bitter–tasting acidic ions, producing an
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Titration Of Hcl Lab Report
For this experiment, a series of strong acid–strong base titrations were performed to determine the unknown solution concentration of HCl. KHP was
first titrated with NaOH in order to create a standardized solution of NaOH. This solution was used to titrate a known volume of the unknown 1 HCl
solution. The results were then used to determine the exact concentration of the original HCl sample. One thing that could be changed during this lab
is to use a more neutralized sample of deionized water. Throughout the rinsing process of the pH probe, the deionized water's pH reading would be
more basic instead of neutral. Therefore, when testing the pH of the analyte, the results were slightly basic rather than having a pH of zero. This could
have resulted in the pH of the solutions being slightly off when it came to the LabQuest readings.
The volumes of NaOH titrated at the endpoint and equivalence point related to one another throughout the experiment. The volume was always greater
at the endpoint than at the equivalence point. For the titration of HCl and NaOH, the amount of NaOH added at the endpoint was 9.00 mL and the 2nd
derivative curve amount was 9.033 mL. Throughout Trial 2 and titrations of KHP and NaOH, this same trend was seen. The most accurate volume
amount of NaOH was determined by looking at the equivalence point. This is the point where all of the H+ was neutralized by OH–. The endpoint is
where the indicator, phenolphthalein, changed color based on pH. The color
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Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent
Adnan Syed's Innocence
When one is guilty, it means that he or she is "culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing" or, "having committed an offense, crime,
violation, or wrong, especially against moral or penal law; justly subject to a certain accusation or penalty." If someone is charged as guilty, they have
broken a law or performed an unjust or immoral act to deserve punishment. However, this does not mean that through reasonable suspicion that an
individual can be determined as guilty. It means that "a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. In other words, the prosecution must prove, beyond a
reasonable doubt, each essential element of the crime charged." In other words, a particular person must be proven guilty of a crime through proof and
evidence. In the story provided by Serial, Sarah Koenig narrates the case of the murder of Hae Min Lee. Seventeen years ago, on January 13, Hae Min
Lee, a senior at Woodlawn High School, was reported missing. Weeks later, her body is found and the cause of her death was determined to be manual
strangulation. Her ex–boyfriend, Adnan Musud Syed, was convicted of her murder and sentenced to life plus thirty years in prison. The case against
him was mainly based on the story of one witness, Jay Wilds. Now, past reporter and journalist, Sarah Koenig is reopening this case to find out what
really happened. Through documents, police interrogations, testimonies, and interviews, she collects evidence to look for the answer.
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Mobile Phones : The Negative Effects Of Cell Phone
In 2011, the IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, said that the radiation of the cell phone you use every day could be cancerous and
have long–term effects. Although, the negative effects of cell phones are dangerous and possibly deadly they are also not actually scientifically
proven. The negative effects aren't proven because there isn't any actual evidence to support them. Negative effects aside, there are still many
advantages to cell phones. Nowadays, cell phones carry music, games, social media apps and communication resources that make life
entertaining and easy. Cellular phones have grown into society as a way for us to stay connected with loved ones, friends and even strangers, but
cell phones can be very addictive in ways which can affect your brain and cause cancer. The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century
and is still used to this day. The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and countries. This is
shown when the author says, "The telephone first appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop
throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog electronics." This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going from a
small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and
communication device. In the modern age a cell phone is almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their
pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because of how some companies modernize their inventions and add many new features
some people can only afford the old, simple ones or can't even afford one at all. Don't you ever just sit and wonder how people lived before the cell
phone even existed? How they communicated from different places or what they did for fun? Nowadays people can barely live without their phones
and is considered a punishment for many kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are bad. Well, that's what brings out such beauty to
the invention! The many advantages the cell phone provides us with is incredible, especially how
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The Depth Of The River Affect Its Overall Ph From Mid July...
Question: Does the depth of the river affect its overall pH from mid december 2015– to early january 2016?
Knowledge Probe: According to.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/pH.html, pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Solutions with a
high concentration of hydrogen ions have a low pH and solutions with a low concentrations of H+ ions have a high pH. A pH of 7 is the most
neutral you can get and 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. each level is 10 times more basic/ acidic than the previous level, for
example a pH of 8 is 10 times more basic than 7, and a pH of 9 is 100 times more basic than 7. when an acidic substance reacts with a basic substance
they counter each other like mixing hot and cold water. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The blue bar grapH below it shows the pH of each of the 12 trial collected. The table below compares the depth in inches to the pH directly, and the
average of each is at the bottom of the table.
Data Analysis: On trial 5 something interesting happened where it did not match the trend of other data points. you can see this when comparing
the depth to pH with the grapHs; for example trial 1's depth and pH is lower than trial 2's depth and pH, and trial 2's depth and pH is lower than
trial 3's depth and pH etc. that sort of trend is fluent through the data except trial 5 where depth was lower than the previous trials but the pH was the
highest collected. My data is accurate to a point but when collecting the depth of the river it presented a challenge to get 100% accurate because it is
constantly changing; also the pH scale only measures to the hundredth of a digit. The pH Scales calibration could also have been of slightly but all of
my trials were collected under the same calibration so it does not seem to present a change in trend but instead with the actual numbers.
Claim: When the depth on the Looking Glass river was higher it had a higher pH in late december 2015 to early January 2016.
Data Supporting Claim: When analysing my data you can clearly see that when the
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Is The Three To-One Blend Of Methylchloro Isothiazolinone
CMIT/MIT: The three–to–one blend of methylchloro–isothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is commonly used as a biocide in
polymer dispersions. CMIT/MIT is a broad–spectrum biocide that works between 3–9 pH. The mode of action for the CMIT/MIT is that it reacts with
the cell proteins causing the inhibition of respiration and ATP synthesis (PCIMAG).
Isothiazolones first mechanism which is performed in minutes is the swift inhibition of growth and metabolism. This is then tailed by loss of viability
due to irreversible cell damage which happens in a matter of hours. Inhibition occurs by disrupting the metabolic pathways involving dehydrogenase
enzymes. Microbes are quickly inhibited due to the inhibition of critical physiological functions including growth, respiration, and energy generation (
adenosine triphosphate synthesis). Cell death results in the destruction of protein thiols and production of free radicals. Compounds such as surfactants
can enhance and speed up the rate of inhibition and death. (Williams, 2007)
The interaction of isothiazolone biocides with microbial cells proceeds via several sequential reactions. Initially, a biocide molecule reacts with a
thiol group to form a disulphide linkage with the biocide. This structure then interacts with a second thiol group to establish a new disulphide linkage.
Following this, the cell releases the biocide as a mercaptoacrylamide. The mercaptoacrylamide derivative of CMIT tautomerizes to a thioacyl chloride
under physiological conditions. The thioacyl chloride is highly reactive and proceeds to interact with other cell macromolecules. The ability of CMIT
to degrade to a thioacyl chloride might account for it's much greater antimicrobial activity when compared to BIT or MIT. (Daniel, 1997)
Barman did a study on the first–order rate constant and half–life values for the degradation of MIT (Kathon 886 MW) and a MIT/CMIT (Kathon
MWC) Mixture. These consist of 2–methyl–4–isothiazolin–3–one and its chlorinated counterpart, 5–chloro–2–methyl–4–isothiazolin–3–one. At
100–fold more effective, the chlorinated counterpart is considered to be the active and require concentrations 100–fold less than MIT. In fact, at very
low concentrations of just 2–20 ppm
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Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction
What is an Acid–Base Neutralization Reaction? Acid–base neutralization reactions are ubiquitous, yet they play an immense role in various contexts of
life. For instance, they help maintain homeostasis in the biological systems and regulate the conditions of soil in agriculture. In general, neutralization
reactions required two reactants: an acid and a base, which combine to form water and a salt. A neutralization reaction is a "reaction between an acid
and a base" (Burdge 365). In this case, the acid is often an Arrhenius acid–a substance that ionizes in water to produce protons (H+), while the base is
often an Arrhenius base–a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH–). A neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
typically occurs in an aqueous environment in which all the reactants are dissolved in water. The products of a neutralization reaction are water, which
is formed from the protons (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide ions (OH–) of the base, and a salt, which is "an ionic compound made up of the cation
from the base and the anion from an acid" (Burdge 365). A simple example of a neutralization reaction is the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric
acid (HCl) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hydrochloric acid donates its protons (H+), and sodium hydroxide donates its hydroxide ions
(OH–) to form liquid water. Then, the remaining chloride ions (Cl–) from hydrochloric acid combines with the sodium cations (Na+) to produce the
aqueous
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Classification Of Poisons And Its Effects On The Nervous...
AMITY INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH Name:– Sanchari Dasgupta Enrolment No.: –
A5905914014 Programme: – B.Sc (Hons) Forensic science Batch: – 2014–17 Title of summer assignment: – Classification of poisons Goal for the first
week: – Introduction of the topic Goal for the second week: – Write in brief about corrosive poisons and non–metallic irritant poison Goal for the third
week: – Write in brief about metallic irritant poisons Goal for the fourth week: – Write about poisons having vegetable and animal origin Goal for the
fifth week: – Write about poisons acting on the nervous system FIRST WEEK'S WORK POISONS INTRODUCTION Poisons are substances
those are most likely to cause harm to a person. It can also be defined as a substance which has the potent of causing illness or death of a living
organism when introduced to the body or absorbed. It has a tendency to cause physical or chemical mutations in the body which may be curable or
incurable depending on the type of poison used. It causes harm by physical or chemical changes in the human body. Poisons with high level of
toxicity may be dangerous on consuming once and can also be life threatening. Few poisons which are less toxic are often used as slow poisons.
Absolutely anything could be a poison, because everything is good but nothing in excess is. Poisons are those substances
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Unknown Weak Acid Lab Report
The purpose of experiment ten was to collect data on an unknown weak acid by watching and measuring the weak acid being neutralized. This was
done by using a Vernier Probe and using the data to figure out the identity of the unknown acid. A weak acid will have a strong conjugate base. The
pKa of a weak acid can be taken from the – log (ka) or by using pH. To find the pKa using the graph of the pH in the experiment the equivalence point
was found and ВЅ of this point is the pKa of the unknown weak acid. To determine the molar mass of the unknown acid the moles ofbase has to be
determined along with the mass of the acid (Westfield, n.a). The equivalence point needed to determine the pKa is the point of thetitration curve where
the pH begins
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Acid-Base Titration Lab
The purpose of the Acid–Base Titration Lab was to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide by titration against a standard solution. A titration
is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a solution by performing a neutralization reaction with a standard
solution. It detects the equivalence point between the acid and base where they neutralize each other. The materials used in this procedure were HCL
solution, water, ring stand, burette, burette clamp, unknown concentration of NaOH, phenolphthalein, erlenmeyer flask, and graduated cylinder. To
start the procedure, obtain a burette, and rinse the burette with water and check if the burette is able to release the solution. Next the ring stand must ...
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Trial two started with 0 mL of NaOH and ended at 17.3 mL. On trial three NaOH started at 0 mL and it ended at 21.5 mL. The molarity of HCL was
0.1 M and its volume was 20 mL. The average of sodium hydroxide used was 19 mL. Using the dilution equation, 0.1 M of hydrochloric acid
multiplied by 20 mL of hydrochloric acid is 2. Taking 2 divided by 19 mL of sodium hydroxide gives 0.105 M as the molarity for NaOH. The
calculated unknown molarity of NaOH was 0.105 M. This compares to the known theoretical molarity of NaOH which was 0.1 M. The molarity of
sodium hydroxide from the experiment is close to its theoretical hydroxide meaning the results of the experiment were accurate. The final volumes
of NaOH were also close to each other therefore the results were both accurate and precise. Hydrochloric acid is an example of an strong acid and
sodium hydroxide is an example of a strong base. When a strong acid and a strong base react, the neutralize each other. Carrying out a titration
between a strong acid and a strong base is done to find the equivalence point. The point at which chemically equal amounts of the acid and base have
been mixed and neutralized each other. Neutralization between a strong acid and base such as HCl and NaOH will result in a solution with a pH of
7.0. If the final solution does not have a pH of 7.0 errors that might have occurred include misjudging of color indicator, using a contaminated
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Method For Determining Leachability Toxicity...
6.4.11 Method for Determining Leachability
пѓ Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
Reference: USEPA Method 1311
Apparatus:
1.Agitation apparatus: The agitation apparatus must be capable of rotating the extraction vessel in an end–over–end fashion at 30 В±2 rpm.
2.Extraction vessels: Jars or bottles with sufficient capacity to hold the sample and extraction fluid. Two liter normal capacity bottles are recommended.
The vessel type is determined by the analysis of interest.
3.Filtration devices
4.Filter holders: Any filter holder, which meets all of the following requirements. Capable of supporting a 0.6 to 0.8 Вµm glass fiber filter
membranes. Has a minimum internal volume of 300 ml (1.5 L recommended) can hold a filter of minimum size 47 mm in diameter (142 mm filter
diameter recommended). Positive pressure filtration units capable of exerting pressures of 350 KPa or more which are commonly called "Hazardous
Waste Filtration Units".
5.NOTE: If the leachate is to be analyzed for metals, the filter must be prewashed with 1 M nitric acid, rinsed with double distilled water (DDW) and
dried before use. Acid washed filters may also be used for other non–volatile extracts.
6.pH meter: Calibrated to within В± 0.05 pH units at 25В°C.
Reagents
All reagents should be of recognized analytical reagent grade.
1.Nitric Acid, 1M
2.Hydrochloric Acid, 1M
3.Sodium Hydroxide, 1M
4.Glacial Acetic Acid
Extraction Fluid
Extraction fluid No 1: Add 5.7 ml of
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The Impact of Cell Phone Radiation on Our Health
Cell phones represent a type of technology that has been around for more than over fifty years; it has only been recently that many people began
to use cell phones as a major part of their everyday life. In the past cell phones were for business people to conduct their business, but in today's
society every one owns a cell phone. Cell phones are interesting, useful and also play a major role in our life's bringing people closer and keeping in
touch with one another. Most people do not know and understand the physics of a cell phone. Cell phones are also known as cellular phone, hand
phone, and commonly known as a mobile phone. A cell phone is an electric device that can make and receive calls, over and automatic repeat request
(radio link... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
High frequency to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––> Long wave length
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
Radio Waves:
How they are made:
Radio waves are made by a range of transmitter, depending on its wavelengths. They are also given off by stars, sparks and lightening that is why you
can hear interference on your radio while in a thunderstorm.
Uses:
Radio waves are the lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, and are mainly used for communications with others.
Dangers:
Large doses of radio waves are believed to be dangerous it can cause you cancer, leukaemia and many other dangerous and fatal disorders which can
cause you death. Some people have said that the very low frequency field from overhead power cables near their homes has affected their health.
Cell phone antennae are not directional. Waves transmit in all directions, including your body
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in
this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/electromagnetic_spectrum.htm
Report: For cell phones are not dangerous?
Cell phones expose us to a form of electromagnetic called radio frequency energy.
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Mobile Phone Advantages And Disadvantages Essay
Introduction A cell phone is a gadget in telecommunication that uses radio waves over a region of network. A cell station at a fixed location serves the
purpose of connecting cellphones wireless transmission for calls, landlines, and internet access (Furht & Ahson, 2016). The cellular phone identifies as
a mobile application in the network structure comprising of SIM card and equipment assigning the telephone digits. The cellular phones are evolving,
from the two– way radio to the current pocket–size device. Initially, phones were bulky thus lacking portability and only served in making calls.
However, with the advancement in technological uses, the phone has almost similar features of a computer. As stated by Joshi (2016), the additional...
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The influence of social life or technology evolution may lead to the disagreement among family members especially the teenagers who pester their
parents to buy the cell phones for them probably because other kids have them. Almost every use of a cell involves incurring some expense which
means that even after a parent buys the gadget he/she will have to provide the extra costs, which they feel is not necessary. The result may be a
strained relationship between the father and the child. Storage of personal data in a mobile phone may lead to unauthorized access. Every
technological advancement has its backside. For instance, if one loses their cell phone either by misplacing it or theft, whoever finds it may get to
see the information. Alternatively, one may become a crime target because of the nature of information that is on their gadgets. In the recent past, the
features of phones have advanced such that they almost work like computers, where data storage is one of the systems in this progress. Sometimes,
colleagues and friends handle each other's phones where one may decide to check out another's cell features. In case the individual looks into private
media such as photos or videos, it leads to a row between them. Cell phones contribute to the rise in car accidents due to distracted drivers and
pedestrians Research indicates that a person who uses their phone while driving has the same impairment in vision and alertness as another with a 0.80%
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How Can Sodium Hydrochloric Acid And Burette Be Washed By...
1. Safety goggles and gloves were put on.
2. Three beakers and funnel should be washed by water. Burette was rinsed by sodium hydroxide solution and pipette was cleaned by hydrochloric
acid solution. Retort stand was set up and the white sheet of paper should be placed under the burette where the beaker was put on to easily realize the
colour changes.
3. Two beakers were labeled as acid and base for each one of them. Then they were brought to the teacher and filled it up by sodium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid. The funnel was put on the top of the burette then the sodium hydroxide was poured up to the line of number 0. Made sure that the
stopcock was closed while pouring sodium hydroxide into the burette.
4. 10 mL of hydrochloric acid was
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How Do Cell Phones Affect Dna
Cell phones operate with radio frequencies, the cell phones use a lot from the waves
and the waves help. Cell phones do not emit ionizing radiation, the type that damages DNA. The
celluar technology Does works on a system geographically its seperated zones are called cells.
Majority of the cells have its own base station that both and it receivs and it also emits the radio
waves. When the call is then placed from the cell phone and then the signal is sent from
the cell phones antenna to one of the cell's base station called the antenna. Once the base
station transfers the calls to the switiching center the call is then transferred to
another cell phone. Once one of the RF channel is modulated one of the radio signals are then
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Tracking and Positioning of Mobile Systems in...
ABSTRACT
Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for commercial services. Mobile positioning in
cellular networks will provide several services such as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is
originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to location–dependent services and applications in wireless
systems continues to require the development of more accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate location
estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter to the receiver is ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
2.1 ARCHITECTURE OF AGEOLOCATIONSYSTEM
An example of geolocation system architecture [KOS00] is shown in Figure. As we said earlier, in order to fix a call the subscriber we are calling
must be located accurately. A geolocation service provider provides location information and location aware services to subscribers. Upon a request
from a subscriber for location information about an MS, the service provider will contact a location control center querying it for the coordinates of
the MS. This subscriber could be a commercial subscriber desiring to track a mobile device or a PSAP trying to answer an E–911 call. The location
control center will gather information required to compute the MS's location. This information could be parameters such as received signal strength,
BTS ID, TOA of signals, and so on that we discuss later. Depending on past information about the MS, a set of BS's could be used to page the MS,
and directly or indirectly obtain the location parameters. These are sometimes called Geolocation base stations (GBSs). Once this information is
collected, the location control center can determine the location of the mobile with certain accuracy and convey this information to the service
provider. The service provider will then use this information to visually display the MS's location to the subscriber. Sometimes the subscriber could be
the MS itself, in which case the messaging and
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Radio Techniques For A Efficient Wireless Network
Radio Techniques to enable energy– efficient wireless network
Pramod Kumar Rapolu Vikas Reddy Bontha
SIU #853243613 SIU#853245274
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Abstract–In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient than what we expect to be, especially the base stations
through which the terminal access takes place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has
performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to overcome all the problems and to develop a process
which is going to save energy in future wireless systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current energy
consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio
base stations which helps to reduce the burden on the network providers.
INTRODUCTION
In the recent days there is rapid growth in the mobile telephony or mobile users that leads to the higher–data– rate mobile broadband and increased
services of information technology which in turn consumes overall energy usage of the world. It is our main objective to reduce the energy
consumption of radio access networks. For example, a mobile network in UK consumes approximately
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An Experiment On Synthesized Luminol
Abstract: In this experiment we synthesized luminol with the objective to demonstrate the process of using a stating material, converting it into a
product and using it for a reaction. 5–nitro–2, 3–dihydrophthalazine–1, 4–dione was used as our starting material which then underwent through the
process of refluxing and vacuuming to retrieve the luminol. In order to achieve chemilumenescence, two stock solute ions were made with sodium
hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide and hydrogen peroxide and mixed respectively in a dark room in order to observe an emitted blue light.
Introduction: The chemiluminescence of luminol was recently first discovered by a German chemist by the name of H.O. Albrecth. He found that
blood enhanced the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this experiment, various processes such as refluxing help synthesize luminol. Refluxing is the process boiling a solution and condensing the vapor
by cooling it simultaneously through the attached jacketed condenser that contains a water in/water out outlets. . Experimental: To initiate the
experiment, 5–nitro–2, 3– dihydrophthalazine–1,4–dione (0.15g, 0.96mmol) was weighed out and added to a (5.00 mL) conical vial. Into the same
vial, NaOH (2.00 mL, 3.00M in H2O) was added until a brown red solution was formed. Sodium hydrosulfite (0.25g, 1.45mol) was added after. A
reflux apparatus (with water in/water out lines attached and water flowing through the system) was assembled attaching the conical vial. The conical
vial rested on an aluminum block and hot plate ready to be refluxed for 5 minutes. The temperature read 250В°C after it had completely refluxed.
Once the solution was refluxed for 5 minutes, it was then cooled for 5 minutes to room temperature with the addition of acetic acid and [acetic acid to
quench (add H2)]. After the addition of acetic acid, the solution turned yellow and formed a precipitate. The solution was placed on ice for 10 minutes.
Once the solution had been cooled, the solution went through a vacuum filtration until the precipitate was completely dried. The precipitate recovered
is the luminol, which was used as the
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Energy Efficient Wireless Network For Green Radio Project
Energy Efficient Architectures and Key Techniques to Enable Energy Efficient Wireless Network in green radio project
Abstract:
Technical innovations changed every day life as fast and profoundly as the massive use of personal mobile communications. With rapid increase of
modern communications networks, problems like emission of CO2 and energy consumption has emerged which have a potential adverse impact upon
the environment and their operating energy costs are also increasing. Since 2006, data traffic on mobile networks has been increasing at a rate of
approximately 300% and is expected to grow even at much faster rate. This has forced the researchers to address how to design future wireless
networks which can reduce the energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2007, analyst Gartner reported that ICT sector share about 2% in carbon emissions. It might appear small at first sight but the overall footprint
of the whole ICT sector is expected to double between 2007 and 2020. Mobile data traffic is going to increase dramatically in the next 5 years and
one of the main reason is increase in mobile video traffic. In developing countries, electricity connections may not be directly available. So, for
example, Vodafone uses extra 1 million gallons of gas per day to provide power their network. The above example gives us an idea of how the energy
is consumed by the information technology. They are increasing energy costs with largerbase station site densities which leads to increase in energy
price. Many companies have decided to reduce carbon emissions, for example Vodafone has set a target to reduce it CO2 emissions by
approximately 50% by 2020. From an operators perspective, lowering of operating expenditure is possible with reduce in energy consumption. 3% of
world wide energy is used by the Information and Communication architecture which is causing 2% of world wide CO2 emmission. The main key
reason behind the development of mobile VCE green radio program is to reduce carbon emissions (CO2) and Reduction in operating expenditure for
wireless cellular networks. The challenge of energy reduction should be achieved without compromise in the quality of service which is experienced
by the
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Cellular Wireless With Unlimited Numbers Of Base Station...
Summary of "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" EE–584–Wireless Systems Security XIAN
ZHANG Email: xzhang84@stevens.edu Fundamental ideas and Issues paper addresses1 Core ideas 12 Core ideas 23 Potential applications &
future opportunities created by the technology4 Reference5 Summary of Fundamental Ideas and Issues Addresses The paper I read is
"Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" written by Thomas L. Marzetta. This paper was published in
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 9, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2010. The pilot signal is a direct sequence spread
spectrum signal continuously sending by the base station. It makes the base station could send data in the forward–link and demodulate cell phone
signals in the reverse–link. The pilot signal is known as confessed, like 000000 or 111111. In frequency re–use technology, we divide the space into
several cells. Due to the same or correlated pilot sequence re–use in contiguous cells, the base station will inadvertently send data to terminals in other
cells or collect and combine reverse–link signals from terminals in other cells when processing. This is called pilot contamination. In this paper, the
author mainly talk about the environment of multi–user(MIMO) operation with an infinite number antennas in the base station. He thinks that in this
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Using A Warrant Should Not Be Allowed Essay
Many cases have been brought to court and are continuing to be brought that say location tracking without a warrant should not be allowed. The
argument most often used is that it is a violation of the right to privacy. A warrant is not the only way to obtain these records nor should it be. There
are valid reasons that data can be obtained through other methods. The issue is across many platforms of digital communication but the most prominent
and easiest to explain is with cell phones. The use of historical location tracking data is not a violation of privacy, in fact there is no right to privacy as
most understand the term.
We are tracked almost constantly as participants of todays interconnected world. Every time we connect to the internet whether it be using a
desktop, laptop, tablet, or smart phone that connection and the traffic passed is tracked. Even the infotainment systems in our cars such as the
Onstar system available in some General Motors vehicles is capable of tracking and in turn reporting out locations. The IP address of the device
used and the addresses connected to are tracked. If location services are turned on as many applications require to function, then that is tracked as
well. Companies collect this information for many reasons with a major one being to sell targeted ads to us based on where we are and what we
normally do. This is something we agree to as part of the user agreements as often if it is not agreed to the application will not work or at
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Essay on Firefly Lab Report
The effect of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) on bioluminescence in fireflies.
Introduction
Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is the supply of energy found in every cell that we need in order to do essentially everything (Anonymous,
2008). It is an energy source for biochemical reactions such as muscle contraction, active transport, molecular synthesis, and in fireflies, also known as
lightening bugs, bioluminescence (Biology Book). Bioluminescence is the process in which living organisms convert chemical energy into light
(Branchini, 2008). In the fireflies case the reaction involves the enzyme luciferase which lights up a lantern–like mechanism under the tip the wings
and attached to the end of the body of the firefly. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results were observed and recorded.
At station 3, the control Petri dish was left alone and the experimental Petri dish was heated in a hot water bath for 60 second using a clamp to hold
it in place. The experimental Petri dish was removed from the hot water bath. Two drops of ATP solution was added with a pipette to both the
control and the experimental Petri dish. Results were recorded. At station 4 a pipette was used to add two drops of ATP to both the experimental and
controlled Petri dishes. The pipette was used to deliver several drops of sodium chloride solution to the experimental Petri dish. Results were observed
and recorded.
Results In station 1 when the acid was added to the experimental Petri dish the bioluminescence of the powdered firefly lantern started to dim and once
the base was added the lantern began to brighten up again. The controlled Petri dish remained bright during all four of the experiments. The results
are as shown in Table 1. In station 2 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the fridge and ATP was added the powdered firefly lantern
did glow but at a very dim level. The results are as shown in Table 1. In station 3 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the hot water bath
and two drops of ATP were added no bioluminescence reaction occurred at all in the powdered firefly lantern and
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Cell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay
Gone are the days when cell telephones were considered as extravagance thing to have with. The developing rivalry in portable makers has
brought down the costs of cellular telephones to that degree that these days, purchasing a cell telephone is not a major ordeal. Simply spend a
couple bucks and you are pleased proprietor of a cell telephone. In today 's opportunity, it 's elusive a man who does not possess a cellular
telephone. The little contraption is an essential need of life. In any case, why everybody labels the cellular telephones as essential need of life?
What is the significance of cell telephones in our lives? Here is the answer. Simple Way of Communication What the cell telephones are implied
for? Better believe it, you addressed it a good fit for correspondence. So the above all else part that cell telephones play in our lives is that they give
us a simple and quick method for correspondence. Go wherever you need, at whatever point you need; your cellular telephone will stay you associated
with all. Got an imperative message for your companion/relative? Simply send moment SMS or summon straight and make your vital message contact
the proposed individual in the blink of an eye. Straightforward! Web Access and Social Media The Internet is one of the greatest gifts to man by
innovation. One just can 't envision the existence without the Internet. Everybody likes/needs to stay associated with the Internet constantly. Because
of the cell telephones that make
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Microburst Executive Summary
MicroBurst Solutions is a rapidly growing startup company that designs and manufactures personal computers. MicroBurst is an international company
with four physical locations in Chicago, USA; Shanghai, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Paris, France. In addition, MicroBurst owns a profitable
webcenter with an increase in sales of 246% in the last quarter alone. The mission of MicroBurst is to deliver compact personal computing technology
to solve the needs of businesses and individuals, whether they are on the road or in their offices. MicroBurst offers cutting edge technology in both the
desktop and laptop personal computer markets. MicroBurst's mission is evident in its commitment to compact, powerful computing devices serving
several different
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Research Aspects Of Water Quality

  • 1. Research Aspects Of Water Quality Introduction 1.1Purpose of the Report The purpose of this investigation is to research aspects of water quality such as guidelines for water quality, water quality parameters, contaminants that effect water quality, water quality tests and catchment area influences. Samples from the Dee River, from above and below the former Mount Morgan mine site, will be tested and compared in terms of pH level, conductivity and water hardness. The links that exist between pH levels and water hardness will also be investigated. These three variables have dramatic influences on the water quality of the Dee River which will be discussed throughout the investigation. 1.2Water Quality Water is a fundamental resource which is essential to human life... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Water quality protects and maintains public health, provides stable habitats for ecosystems, plays a major role in the agriculture and mining industries and contributes to recreation and tourism. Because water is not pure, except in its vapour form, it is affected by a range of different parameters. For example, agriculture, urban, recreation, industrial uses can alter the quality as well as the modification of natural stream flows by man–made infrastructure and the weather, in particular the wrath of droughts. Water is generally at a higher quality higher in the river, the best water quality is typically found in the headwaters. The quality often declines as rivers flow through regions where land and water use are intense and where pollution from industry increases. 1.2.1Water Hardness Water hardness is typically known as the amount of minerals present in an aqueous solution. It specifically looks at the amounts of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Hard water generally has high levels of dissolved minerals whilst soft water has low levels. According to South East Water, the general guidelines classifications for soft water is 0 to 60 mg/L (milligrams per litre) of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Advantages And Disadvantages Of 5g Mobile Architecture This article presents an architecture vision to address the challenges placed on 5G mobile networks. A two layer architecture is proposed, consisting of a radio network and a network cloud. Three main concepts are integrated; ultra–dense small cell deployments on licensed and unlicensed spectrum, NFV and SDN and intelligent use of network data. This article proposes a novel 5G mobile network architecture that accommodates the evolution of communication types, end–user behaviour, and technology, trends in end–user and technology that motivate the challenges of 5G network and articulation of a 5G mobile network architecture. There are 6 challenges of 5G mobile networks; higher capacity, higher data rate, lower E2E latency, massive device connectivity,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A radio network has different types of base stations and RRUs performing a set of L1/L2 functions while a network cloud has a U–plane entity (UPE) and a C–plane entity (CPE).This architecture will simplifies the network and facilitates quick, flexible deployment and management. Network clouds allow resource pooling, reducing overprovisioning and underutilization of network resources. By employing SDN and NFV, CPE and UPE functions in the network cloud can be deployed quickly, orchestrated and scaled on demand. Resources within data centre can be quickly shifted to support popular applications. A cloud infrastructure provides flexibility with respect to the available raw processing capacity. Parts of the platform can be rented out to third parties. With virtualization, NAS and AS protocol can be integrated into a single protocol, removing redundant functionality. Functionalities provided by different RAN and CN protocols can be merged. A single U–plane entity can provide radio transport services and gateway functionalities. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Chemical Reactions Chemistry "Chemical Reaction and the PH Scale" Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. As you might imagine, it's useful to be able to measure the acidity of solutions. Scientists have come up with the pH scale for determining the concentration of acid in a solution so we can distinguish between solutions with varying acidity. AChemical reaction is the outcome of two or more elements together results in the formation of a chemical bond between atoms and compound. Chemicals react together due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The PH Scale which is a diagram that is used to show the different measurements of water. In general is important to know how the pH scale works because it determines whether or not a liquid is acidic or ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. President Of Csea 's A Productive Labor Management Meeting Tami Castelluccio, President of CSEA had a productive labor management meeting with Assistant Superintendent Rogenski and Director of Classified HR Nancy Gamache. CSEA shared a survey they would like to send to Unit 3 members to get feedback and to use in meetings with the Special Education department. Friday, September 30th was staff development which was a day of learning and camaraderie for the classified staff. Ms. Castelluccio noted that CSEA is working to get out the vote for Proposition 55. Ann Katzburg, President of SRVEA shared that SRVEA's focus has been on hate and intolerance and Ms. Katzburg attended a conference with that focus. Last week SRVEA held a community engagement meeting with community leaders. Ms. Katzburg... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Many schools have denied and opted out of cell towers on their sites as they do not believe it is safe for their students. Carrie Nevis reviewed a federal government report which was released in May of 2016 from the National Toxicology Program. To date it is the largest study done and while inconclusive and requires more research, it does state there is something going on regarding radio frequency fields. Ms. Nevis suggests we place the cell tower in another location where it will not impact children and community members. Aric Gurovith is a resident of Danville and has 2 daughters in the District, he feels since we do not have a 100% guarantee that there will be no long term effects, the District should not take the chance. Mary Beedle noted that according to information she has read there was some analysis done previously where three schools were identified and Cal High was chosen at that time for a cell tower. She would like to know why there is a need for another cell tower and who is identifying the need. She would also like to know if the need is identified by Verizon, why their map shows the highest coverage possible in the San Ramon Valley. She noted there is currently a cell tower in the commercial district of downtown Danville. She would like to know the sources the Board used previously to help make their decision on the safety of a cell tower, and she ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Mobile Phone Exposure And Carcinogenesis Essay Mobile phone exposure and carcinogenesis Brain cancer is the most frightening hazard of mobile phone use. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified RF fields as "possibly carcinogenic to humans," in 2002 in spite of limited evidence from human and animal studies (IARC, 2002). The relation between mobile phone radiation exposure and cancer are justified. Muscat et al. (2000) showed that a relationship exists between mobile phone use and meningioma or glioma. A meta–analysis conducted by Swedish researchers and published in the International Journal of Oncology, pointed out to a significant correlation between long–term use of mobile phones and brain tumors (Hardell et al. 2011). They found that both malignant and benign tumors were linked to the chronic exposure to cell phone radiation and suggested that mobile phones were not safe for long–term use. In 2011, after taking the opinions of 30 experts from 14 countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized mobile phone radiation as a potential Group 2B carcinogen and officially advised consumers to limit their use (IARC, 2011; Baan et al., 2011). This suggests that mobile phone radiation may have a carcinogenic effect. Recently, Howlader et al. (2013) reported that mobile phone use raises the risk of brain cancer. Several possible pathways of carcinogenesis have been suggested. As we have discussed, the plasma membrane may be a target of RF–EMW. RF–EMW may act on various enzymes and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cellphone Information Technology (IT) always being referred to a technology used to make our live better, neither in data processing, communicating, advertising, entertainment nor others. We used IT in our daily live, starting at the very early morning until the very late night. IT has become part and parcel of our live. Nowadays, the hand held device that is one of the most common thing relatable to IT, it is fascinating to understand the benefits and the drawbacks for users. Before a hand held device or cellphone become a common thing to mankind, people use other ways to communicate. Some use letter or snail mail, telegram, or they send a person to convey the message to another person in a different place. Back then, to make a meeting arrangement,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The information will allow student to process and be more advanced in seeing things. There is no doubt, mobile phone is more common things that help to facilitate student to seek information. There is "google" rather than dictionary or encyclopedia. Student has better understanding because nowadays the information might available not just in writing, but in animation where pictures and colors to help them remembers. Mobile phones allows the education to be completed in more interactive ways, in example ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Bromopropane And Potassium Hydroxide Lab Report The purposes of this experiment were to model a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction between potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 1–bromopropane and determine whether it follows a second–order rate law mechanism. A rate constant of 0.0684 M–1 min–1 was obtained for this reaction at 45.1В°C, which was determined through equilibrating the reaction and performing titrations of 0.390 M KOH with 0.1000 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The activation energy calculated from class data was 50.188 kJ/mol, which deviated largely from the literature range value of 72.80–83.76 kJ/mol. It was concluded that the reaction was consistent with the predicted SN2 mechanism, based on the regression of a trendline. Many reactions that exist in nature involve a double displacement between ions and reactants with solvents. A bimolecularnucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction, involves a nucleophilic attack on a substrate and the departure of a leaving group. Anucleophile is a compound or ion that donates electrons to promote bond formation (Caldwell, 1984). In order for a leaving group in a compound to leave, it must possess the characteristics of a weak base and be able to occupy electrons. Several factors affect the rate and favorability of such reaction, such as (Bateman, 1940). In addition, the substrate that is attacked by the nucleophile is commonly an unhindered primary substrate to allow the reaction to occur quicker. An SN2 reaction follows the second–order rate law. In this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Vinegar Lab Report How Much Acetic Acid Is in Vinegar? The chemical makeup of certain acids and bases that are not managed reacted properly can be harmful and a result of improperly measured acids and bases. This could have a negative effect on humans pertaining to different liquids that could be consumed or physically hazardous to the body. However, due to decades of research in the department of science, it can be confirmed that ideas like the HSAB Principle and the Lewis Principle help categorize acids and bases between being harmful or not and secondarily help humans be more cautious, according to professor Tse–Lok Ho.1 However, experimental these measurements can be specified and determined through titrations. According to Jakub Ederer and other researchers, titrations have quick and determinable results and do not require a lot of money and are commonly used for acids.2 The Lab Manual provides an experiment that includes a titration to determine the moles of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a specific amount of vinegar.3 To follow through with this experiment, the acid–base reaction has a known molar concentration of NaOH solution that reacts with an unknown molar concentration of acetic acid to make water and NaC2H3O2, resulting in a titration. Before the initial trial titration, a thorough cleaning procedure of the buret and materials was necessary to ensure there is no contamination of other chemicals or solutions. The buret was washed out with soap, tap water, and distilled water with no ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Difference Between Gsm And CDMA Difference between GSM AND CDMA . This term paper is a comparison (difference) between two technologies which brought revolution in the field of mobile communication i.e GSM and CDMA . Firstly in the term paper , history of both of these technologies , GSM and CDMA is introduced along with their brief terminology . After the history construction , working and its application is discussed and compared . Finally the main difference in both the technologies i.e GSM and CDMA is summarized to complete the term paper . CDMA and GSM are the two types of technologies or way used in cell phones for transmitting the digital signal over the air . CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access as from the name it is clear that in this technologies the radio frequency are divided so that multiple user can access the same wireless spectrum . GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication as from the name it is clear that History of GSM and CDMA . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In 1982 Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study group named Groupe SpГ©cial Mobile this is the place were GSM begins . Seven year later it was ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) , who takes the responsibility to develop GSM in 1989 . Finally ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) published the phase – 1 specification of GSM in 1991 . It was a revolution in mobile communication , in just 2 years GSM claimed near about 37 distinct networks which spreads over 22 nation ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Career Episode : India Bsc ( Base Station Controller )... CAREER EPISODE – 1 MTNL India BSC (Base Station Controller) traffic migration CE 1.1 Introduction:– Duration : Jan 2008 – June 2008 Geographic Location : Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India Position Held : Engineering Student (College project) In final year of my bachelor's degree I got the opportunity to work with MTNL (Indian Government's owned telecom company) on BSC (Base Station Controller) migration as part of training and project. The migration involved both the circuit switched as well as packet switched part. MTNL was set up by the Government of India to upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand the telecom network, and introduce new services and to raise revenue for telecom development needs of Indias key metros with services ranging from 2G, 3G, LTE to high speed broadband services. CE 1.2 Background and Nature of the Work: CE 1.2.1 Introduction: As a telecommunication engineering student I studied and came to know that there are two basic technologies in mobile phones on which our wireless network is based on. These are: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access ) andGSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. My project of migrating call traffic of BSC was based on GSM technology. After getting familiar with the
  • 11. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates different approach to the existing problems of lack of indoor coverage and low data rates. Femtocells are fully featured, short range mobile phone base stations used to complement mobile phone services from larger macrocell towers. These range from very compact residential femtocells to larger equipment used inside offices or public spaces. They offer excellent mobile phone coverage and data speeds at all the places. Femtocells have been developed for 3G and also the newer 4G/LTE radio technologies. III.DEFINITION OF AFEMTOCELL Femtocells, also known as 'home base stations', are small low power cellular network access points that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile operator's network using residential Digital Subscriber Line ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although there are certain issues to be handled but still the following major advantages can be listed: a) compensates for poor cellular coverage inside the homes or small enterprise. b) Provides plug and play feature thus providing the user with ease of installation and usage. c) Compact structure, that is the Femtocell is actually the UTRAN in a box and offers all services through existing broadband internet connection. d) Voice and data calls takes place through the secure IP–Sec Tunnel thus offering good quality of encryption and helps in securing the data. e) Helps in offloading the macro traffic and cell phones automatically switch over to the Femtocell coverage when in range. f) Femtocells are compatible with all 3GPP handheld devices and help improve the data speed and coverage in the areas where there are slow speeds and poor coverage. g) Femtocells can not only work efficiently with the existing network infrastructure by extending the cellular macro network but also can serve as primary network if sufficient number of Femtocells are provided in the region thus reducing the number of macrocells reducing equipment cost and complexity IV.SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The lab setup of Small Cell Management System along with its Network Element (NE) is as shown in Fig 1. SCMS consists of Wireless management system (WMS), FileServer (FS), Home device manager (HDM) and Network ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Mobility Based Intrusion Detection Solution MOBILITY–BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SOLUTION THAT IS BASED ON SPATIO –TEMPORAL INFORMATION Anju R. Fule Anju.fule@gmail PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati Prof. V.M. Thakare vilthakare@yahoo.co.in PG Dept. of CSE, SGBAU, Amravati Abstract: Most of the works on mobile devices security have focused on physical aspects and/or access control, which do not protect the private data on a stolen device that is in the post authentication state.Mobility–based intrusion detection solution that is based on spatio–temporal information and trajectory analysis enabling a detection of an attack in 15 minutes with 81% accuracy. The simple data structure used to represent user model (2– and 3–dimension matrix), allows efficient lookup–based attack detection. Developed a system to automatically generate mobility models and detect behavioral anomalies. Keywords– IDS, SPATIO–TEMPORAL,Anomalies INTRODUCTION:. Mobile phones are ubiquitous and are used for email, text messages, navigation, education, and as a payment tool. Consequently, mobile devices carry a lot of personal data and, if stolen, that data can be more important than the loss of the device. Most of the works on mobile devices security have focused on physical aspects and/or access control, which do not protect the private data on a stolen device that is in the post authentication state. Mobile devices have evolved and experienced a greatsuccess over the last few years . Such devicesare capable of performing sophisticated tasks ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. The Effects Of Radio Frequency Waves On Health Introduction With cell phone usage increasing, many individuals have become concerned about the health effects of radiation from cell phones and cell phone towers. In recent years, various studies have been conducted to determine whether the radio frequency waves from cell phone towers have a detrimental effect on health. Current research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of radio frequency waves, and while the World Health Organization does not view radio frequency waves as serious risk, more research needs to be done in order to be certain (USDA, 2009). In this paper I will be addressing the following scenario (Case 4): A mobile phone base station was installed near a neighborhood in order to provide a better service coverage in 2008. Over the past 5 years, the local residents complained of headache, memory loss, dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. They are concerned that the station has caused neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions. They are more worried about their children, as a few cases of leukemia and brain tumor have been found in young children (aged 1–3) since then. In an effort to address the issue of radio frequency radiation exposure in this community, we will provide a background on the sources of radio frequency radiation as well as the known and suspected health effects. We will also proposed two epidemiological studies and discuss risk management and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Directional Receiver Design For Interference Management 1. Introduction A Macrocell user operating in the same band as femtocell users may cause unacceptably high interference levels, if it is close to the femtocell base station supporting the aforementioned femtocell users, and far away from its own macrocell base station. Additionally, the fact that femtocells can be deployed in an ad hoc fashion anywhere within a macrocell, and can be removed as easily, adds to the critical importance of interference management. Notwithstanding the importance of this issue, the concerns listed above renders jointly optimal design of the two networks impractical due to the complexity and overhead associated with a large dynamic network. Consequently, a computationally manageable yet effective interference management strategy is needed. Interference management has been an important design element for multiuser systems in the past two decades. Judicious receiver design for interference limited systems, e.g., CDMA, and multiuser MIMO, proves useful for interference cancellation [3]. In addition to multiuser detection, transmit power control [4], and joint design of transmitters and receivers [5], [6] offer interference mitigation needed in interference limited systems. We note that while our approach does not involve explicit frequency partitioning between the tiers, i.e., relies solely on the space dimensions, allowing for greater flexibility, it is possible to have our scheme accompany a frequency partitioning scheme and increase the number ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Positive Uses Of Cell Phones Paragraph 2: (Background of Invention) The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century and is still used to this day. The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and countries. This is shown when the author says, "The telephone first appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog electronics." This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication device. In the modern age a cell phone is almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because of how some companies modernize their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the old, simple ones or can't even afford one at all. Paragraph 3: (Positive Effects) Don't you ever just sit and wonder how people lived before the cell phone even existed? How they communicated from different places or what they did for fun? Nowadays people can barely live without their phones and is considered a punishment for many kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are bad. Well, that's what brings out such beauty to the invention! The many advantages the cell phone provides us with is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. The Importance Of Essentia Water Water. It is one thing that every person on earth relies on to live. Its essential to all living things in order to survive. Humans would only be last to last days without it. It is crucial to our diet and our health. In fact, there are many different kinds of water. There are different types of water for example, alkaline, tap, spring, natural, filtered and the list could go on. But water is water, right? Wrong, not all water is the same. In fact different brands of water that we are so used to drinking can actually be harmful for and our bodies. With the type of things that we consume in our world today, our body lives in an acidic environment. In these types of environments bacteria, cancer and other harmful things can form and grow... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is created in Essentia's special process. It is what sets Essentia apart from any other water is their proprietary ionization process. This process removes bitter–tasting acidic ions, creating a more hydrating, more crisp and clean smooth taste of 9.5 pH or higher alkaline. According to a study done by Journal of the International Society of sports and nutrition, they showed Essentia to rehydrate better than the leading water bottle. (Essentia Water, n.d). One thing Essentia Water is known for is their "Essentia Process". Its not just filtered water or spring water thats bottle at the source. They have a process and is what makes them different than any other type of water out there. According to the company itself, their process starts with their three part purification process involving, "Micro–filtration which filters out heavy metals and contaminants followed by reverse osmosis which filters everything remaining and lastly, UV sanitation which destroys microorganisms and bacteria.There is no chlorine, fluoride, metals, contaminants, or minerals in the water following the purification process. The water is 99.9% pure. The purified water is then infused with the perfect blend of pure alkaline electrolytes (for taste) like calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium bicarbonate) in trace amounts. Finally, our proprietary ionization process supercharges the water, removing bitter–tasting acidic ions, producing an ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. Titration Of Hcl Lab Report For this experiment, a series of strong acid–strong base titrations were performed to determine the unknown solution concentration of HCl. KHP was first titrated with NaOH in order to create a standardized solution of NaOH. This solution was used to titrate a known volume of the unknown 1 HCl solution. The results were then used to determine the exact concentration of the original HCl sample. One thing that could be changed during this lab is to use a more neutralized sample of deionized water. Throughout the rinsing process of the pH probe, the deionized water's pH reading would be more basic instead of neutral. Therefore, when testing the pH of the analyte, the results were slightly basic rather than having a pH of zero. This could have resulted in the pH of the solutions being slightly off when it came to the LabQuest readings. The volumes of NaOH titrated at the endpoint and equivalence point related to one another throughout the experiment. The volume was always greater at the endpoint than at the equivalence point. For the titration of HCl and NaOH, the amount of NaOH added at the endpoint was 9.00 mL and the 2nd derivative curve amount was 9.033 mL. Throughout Trial 2 and titrations of KHP and NaOH, this same trend was seen. The most accurate volume amount of NaOH was determined by looking at the equivalence point. This is the point where all of the H+ was neutralized by OH–. The endpoint is where the indicator, phenolphthalein, changed color based on pH. The color ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Who Is Adnan Syed Innocent Adnan Syed's Innocence When one is guilty, it means that he or she is "culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing" or, "having committed an offense, crime, violation, or wrong, especially against moral or penal law; justly subject to a certain accusation or penalty." If someone is charged as guilty, they have broken a law or performed an unjust or immoral act to deserve punishment. However, this does not mean that through reasonable suspicion that an individual can be determined as guilty. It means that "a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. In other words, the prosecution must prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, each essential element of the crime charged." In other words, a particular person must be proven guilty of a crime through proof and evidence. In the story provided by Serial, Sarah Koenig narrates the case of the murder of Hae Min Lee. Seventeen years ago, on January 13, Hae Min Lee, a senior at Woodlawn High School, was reported missing. Weeks later, her body is found and the cause of her death was determined to be manual strangulation. Her ex–boyfriend, Adnan Musud Syed, was convicted of her murder and sentenced to life plus thirty years in prison. The case against him was mainly based on the story of one witness, Jay Wilds. Now, past reporter and journalist, Sarah Koenig is reopening this case to find out what really happened. Through documents, police interrogations, testimonies, and interviews, she collects evidence to look for the answer. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Mobile Phones : The Negative Effects Of Cell Phone In 2011, the IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, said that the radiation of the cell phone you use every day could be cancerous and have long–term effects. Although, the negative effects of cell phones are dangerous and possibly deadly they are also not actually scientifically proven. The negative effects aren't proven because there isn't any actual evidence to support them. Negative effects aside, there are still many advantages to cell phones. Nowadays, cell phones carry music, games, social media apps and communication resources that make life entertaining and easy. Cellular phones have grown into society as a way for us to stay connected with loved ones, friends and even strangers, but cell phones can be very addictive in ways which can affect your brain and cause cancer. The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century and is still used to this day. The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and countries. This is shown when the author says, "The telephone first appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog electronics." This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication device. In the modern age a cell phone is almost a "requirement" since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their pockets. While it is a "requirement" it is also a luxury, because of how some companies modernize their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the old, simple ones or can't even afford one at all. Don't you ever just sit and wonder how people lived before the cell phone even existed? How they communicated from different places or what they did for fun? Nowadays people can barely live without their phones and is considered a punishment for many kids in their households if they don't follow instructions or are bad. Well, that's what brings out such beauty to the invention! The many advantages the cell phone provides us with is incredible, especially how ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. The Depth Of The River Affect Its Overall Ph From Mid July... Question: Does the depth of the river affect its overall pH from mid december 2015– to early january 2016? Knowledge Probe: According to.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/pH.html, pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Solutions with a high concentration of hydrogen ions have a low pH and solutions with a low concentrations of H+ ions have a high pH. A pH of 7 is the most neutral you can get and 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. each level is 10 times more basic/ acidic than the previous level, for example a pH of 8 is 10 times more basic than 7, and a pH of 9 is 100 times more basic than 7. when an acidic substance reacts with a basic substance they counter each other like mixing hot and cold water. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The blue bar grapH below it shows the pH of each of the 12 trial collected. The table below compares the depth in inches to the pH directly, and the average of each is at the bottom of the table. Data Analysis: On trial 5 something interesting happened where it did not match the trend of other data points. you can see this when comparing the depth to pH with the grapHs; for example trial 1's depth and pH is lower than trial 2's depth and pH, and trial 2's depth and pH is lower than trial 3's depth and pH etc. that sort of trend is fluent through the data except trial 5 where depth was lower than the previous trials but the pH was the highest collected. My data is accurate to a point but when collecting the depth of the river it presented a challenge to get 100% accurate because it is constantly changing; also the pH scale only measures to the hundredth of a digit. The pH Scales calibration could also have been of slightly but all of my trials were collected under the same calibration so it does not seem to present a change in trend but instead with the actual numbers. Claim: When the depth on the Looking Glass river was higher it had a higher pH in late december 2015 to early January 2016. Data Supporting Claim: When analysing my data you can clearly see that when the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Is The Three To-One Blend Of Methylchloro Isothiazolinone CMIT/MIT: The three–to–one blend of methylchloro–isothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is commonly used as a biocide in polymer dispersions. CMIT/MIT is a broad–spectrum biocide that works between 3–9 pH. The mode of action for the CMIT/MIT is that it reacts with the cell proteins causing the inhibition of respiration and ATP synthesis (PCIMAG). Isothiazolones first mechanism which is performed in minutes is the swift inhibition of growth and metabolism. This is then tailed by loss of viability due to irreversible cell damage which happens in a matter of hours. Inhibition occurs by disrupting the metabolic pathways involving dehydrogenase enzymes. Microbes are quickly inhibited due to the inhibition of critical physiological functions including growth, respiration, and energy generation ( adenosine triphosphate synthesis). Cell death results in the destruction of protein thiols and production of free radicals. Compounds such as surfactants can enhance and speed up the rate of inhibition and death. (Williams, 2007) The interaction of isothiazolone biocides with microbial cells proceeds via several sequential reactions. Initially, a biocide molecule reacts with a thiol group to form a disulphide linkage with the biocide. This structure then interacts with a second thiol group to establish a new disulphide linkage. Following this, the cell releases the biocide as a mercaptoacrylamide. The mercaptoacrylamide derivative of CMIT tautomerizes to a thioacyl chloride under physiological conditions. The thioacyl chloride is highly reactive and proceeds to interact with other cell macromolecules. The ability of CMIT to degrade to a thioacyl chloride might account for it's much greater antimicrobial activity when compared to BIT or MIT. (Daniel, 1997) Barman did a study on the first–order rate constant and half–life values for the degradation of MIT (Kathon 886 MW) and a MIT/CMIT (Kathon MWC) Mixture. These consist of 2–methyl–4–isothiazolin–3–one and its chlorinated counterpart, 5–chloro–2–methyl–4–isothiazolin–3–one. At 100–fold more effective, the chlorinated counterpart is considered to be the active and require concentrations 100–fold less than MIT. In fact, at very low concentrations of just 2–20 ppm ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction What is an Acid–Base Neutralization Reaction? Acid–base neutralization reactions are ubiquitous, yet they play an immense role in various contexts of life. For instance, they help maintain homeostasis in the biological systems and regulate the conditions of soil in agriculture. In general, neutralization reactions required two reactants: an acid and a base, which combine to form water and a salt. A neutralization reaction is a "reaction between an acid and a base" (Burdge 365). In this case, the acid is often an Arrhenius acid–a substance that ionizes in water to produce protons (H+), while the base is often an Arrhenius base–a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH–). A neutralization reaction between an acid and a base typically occurs in an aqueous environment in which all the reactants are dissolved in water. The products of a neutralization reaction are water, which is formed from the protons (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide ions (OH–) of the base, and a salt, which is "an ionic compound made up of the cation from the base and the anion from an acid" (Burdge 365). A simple example of a neutralization reaction is the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hydrochloric acid donates its protons (H+), and sodium hydroxide donates its hydroxide ions (OH–) to form liquid water. Then, the remaining chloride ions (Cl–) from hydrochloric acid combines with the sodium cations (Na+) to produce the aqueous ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Classification Of Poisons And Its Effects On The Nervous... AMITY INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH Name:– Sanchari Dasgupta Enrolment No.: – A5905914014 Programme: – B.Sc (Hons) Forensic science Batch: – 2014–17 Title of summer assignment: – Classification of poisons Goal for the first week: – Introduction of the topic Goal for the second week: – Write in brief about corrosive poisons and non–metallic irritant poison Goal for the third week: – Write in brief about metallic irritant poisons Goal for the fourth week: – Write about poisons having vegetable and animal origin Goal for the fifth week: – Write about poisons acting on the nervous system FIRST WEEK'S WORK POISONS INTRODUCTION Poisons are substances those are most likely to cause harm to a person. It can also be defined as a substance which has the potent of causing illness or death of a living organism when introduced to the body or absorbed. It has a tendency to cause physical or chemical mutations in the body which may be curable or incurable depending on the type of poison used. It causes harm by physical or chemical changes in the human body. Poisons with high level of toxicity may be dangerous on consuming once and can also be life threatening. Few poisons which are less toxic are often used as slow poisons. Absolutely anything could be a poison, because everything is good but nothing in excess is. Poisons are those substances ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Unknown Weak Acid Lab Report The purpose of experiment ten was to collect data on an unknown weak acid by watching and measuring the weak acid being neutralized. This was done by using a Vernier Probe and using the data to figure out the identity of the unknown acid. A weak acid will have a strong conjugate base. The pKa of a weak acid can be taken from the – log (ka) or by using pH. To find the pKa using the graph of the pH in the experiment the equivalence point was found and ВЅ of this point is the pKa of the unknown weak acid. To determine the molar mass of the unknown acid the moles ofbase has to be determined along with the mass of the acid (Westfield, n.a). The equivalence point needed to determine the pKa is the point of thetitration curve where the pH begins ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Acid-Base Titration Lab The purpose of the Acid–Base Titration Lab was to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide by titration against a standard solution. A titration is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a solution by performing a neutralization reaction with a standard solution. It detects the equivalence point between the acid and base where they neutralize each other. The materials used in this procedure were HCL solution, water, ring stand, burette, burette clamp, unknown concentration of NaOH, phenolphthalein, erlenmeyer flask, and graduated cylinder. To start the procedure, obtain a burette, and rinse the burette with water and check if the burette is able to release the solution. Next the ring stand must ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Trial two started with 0 mL of NaOH and ended at 17.3 mL. On trial three NaOH started at 0 mL and it ended at 21.5 mL. The molarity of HCL was 0.1 M and its volume was 20 mL. The average of sodium hydroxide used was 19 mL. Using the dilution equation, 0.1 M of hydrochloric acid multiplied by 20 mL of hydrochloric acid is 2. Taking 2 divided by 19 mL of sodium hydroxide gives 0.105 M as the molarity for NaOH. The calculated unknown molarity of NaOH was 0.105 M. This compares to the known theoretical molarity of NaOH which was 0.1 M. The molarity of sodium hydroxide from the experiment is close to its theoretical hydroxide meaning the results of the experiment were accurate. The final volumes of NaOH were also close to each other therefore the results were both accurate and precise. Hydrochloric acid is an example of an strong acid and sodium hydroxide is an example of a strong base. When a strong acid and a strong base react, the neutralize each other. Carrying out a titration between a strong acid and a strong base is done to find the equivalence point. The point at which chemically equal amounts of the acid and base have been mixed and neutralized each other. Neutralization between a strong acid and base such as HCl and NaOH will result in a solution with a pH of 7.0. If the final solution does not have a pH of 7.0 errors that might have occurred include misjudging of color indicator, using a contaminated ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Method For Determining Leachability Toxicity... 6.4.11 Method for Determining Leachability пѓ Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Reference: USEPA Method 1311 Apparatus: 1.Agitation apparatus: The agitation apparatus must be capable of rotating the extraction vessel in an end–over–end fashion at 30 В±2 rpm. 2.Extraction vessels: Jars or bottles with sufficient capacity to hold the sample and extraction fluid. Two liter normal capacity bottles are recommended. The vessel type is determined by the analysis of interest. 3.Filtration devices 4.Filter holders: Any filter holder, which meets all of the following requirements. Capable of supporting a 0.6 to 0.8 Вµm glass fiber filter membranes. Has a minimum internal volume of 300 ml (1.5 L recommended) can hold a filter of minimum size 47 mm in diameter (142 mm filter diameter recommended). Positive pressure filtration units capable of exerting pressures of 350 KPa or more which are commonly called "Hazardous Waste Filtration Units". 5.NOTE: If the leachate is to be analyzed for metals, the filter must be prewashed with 1 M nitric acid, rinsed with double distilled water (DDW) and dried before use. Acid washed filters may also be used for other non–volatile extracts. 6.pH meter: Calibrated to within В± 0.05 pH units at 25В°C. Reagents All reagents should be of recognized analytical reagent grade.
  • 28. 1.Nitric Acid, 1M 2.Hydrochloric Acid, 1M 3.Sodium Hydroxide, 1M 4.Glacial Acetic Acid Extraction Fluid Extraction fluid No 1: Add 5.7 ml of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. The Impact of Cell Phone Radiation on Our Health Cell phones represent a type of technology that has been around for more than over fifty years; it has only been recently that many people began to use cell phones as a major part of their everyday life. In the past cell phones were for business people to conduct their business, but in today's society every one owns a cell phone. Cell phones are interesting, useful and also play a major role in our life's bringing people closer and keeping in touch with one another. Most people do not know and understand the physics of a cell phone. Cell phones are also known as cellular phone, hand phone, and commonly known as a mobile phone. A cell phone is an electric device that can make and receive calls, over and automatic repeat request (radio link... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... High frequency to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––> Long wave length Electromagnetic Spectrum: Radio Waves: How they are made: Radio waves are made by a range of transmitter, depending on its wavelengths. They are also given off by stars, sparks and lightening that is why you can hear interference on your radio while in a thunderstorm. Uses: Radio waves are the lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, and are mainly used for communications with others. Dangers: Large doses of radio waves are believed to be dangerous it can cause you cancer, leukaemia and many other dangerous and fatal disorders which can cause you death. Some people have said that the very low frequency field from overhead power cables near their homes has affected their health. Cell phone antennae are not directional. Waves transmit in all directions, including your body The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/electromagnetic_spectrum.htm Report: For cell phones are not dangerous? Cell phones expose us to a form of electromagnetic called radio frequency energy.
  • 30. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Mobile Phone Advantages And Disadvantages Essay Introduction A cell phone is a gadget in telecommunication that uses radio waves over a region of network. A cell station at a fixed location serves the purpose of connecting cellphones wireless transmission for calls, landlines, and internet access (Furht & Ahson, 2016). The cellular phone identifies as a mobile application in the network structure comprising of SIM card and equipment assigning the telephone digits. The cellular phones are evolving, from the two– way radio to the current pocket–size device. Initially, phones were bulky thus lacking portability and only served in making calls. However, with the advancement in technological uses, the phone has almost similar features of a computer. As stated by Joshi (2016), the additional... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The influence of social life or technology evolution may lead to the disagreement among family members especially the teenagers who pester their parents to buy the cell phones for them probably because other kids have them. Almost every use of a cell involves incurring some expense which means that even after a parent buys the gadget he/she will have to provide the extra costs, which they feel is not necessary. The result may be a strained relationship between the father and the child. Storage of personal data in a mobile phone may lead to unauthorized access. Every technological advancement has its backside. For instance, if one loses their cell phone either by misplacing it or theft, whoever finds it may get to see the information. Alternatively, one may become a crime target because of the nature of information that is on their gadgets. In the recent past, the features of phones have advanced such that they almost work like computers, where data storage is one of the systems in this progress. Sometimes, colleagues and friends handle each other's phones where one may decide to check out another's cell features. In case the individual looks into private media such as photos or videos, it leads to a row between them. Cell phones contribute to the rise in car accidents due to distracted drivers and pedestrians Research indicates that a person who uses their phone while driving has the same impairment in vision and alertness as another with a 0.80% ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. How Can Sodium Hydrochloric Acid And Burette Be Washed By... 1. Safety goggles and gloves were put on. 2. Three beakers and funnel should be washed by water. Burette was rinsed by sodium hydroxide solution and pipette was cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution. Retort stand was set up and the white sheet of paper should be placed under the burette where the beaker was put on to easily realize the colour changes. 3. Two beakers were labeled as acid and base for each one of them. Then they were brought to the teacher and filled it up by sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The funnel was put on the top of the burette then the sodium hydroxide was poured up to the line of number 0. Made sure that the stopcock was closed while pouring sodium hydroxide into the burette. 4. 10 mL of hydrochloric acid was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. How Do Cell Phones Affect Dna Cell phones operate with radio frequencies, the cell phones use a lot from the waves and the waves help. Cell phones do not emit ionizing radiation, the type that damages DNA. The celluar technology Does works on a system geographically its seperated zones are called cells. Majority of the cells have its own base station that both and it receivs and it also emits the radio waves. When the call is then placed from the cell phone and then the signal is sent from the cell phones antenna to one of the cell's base station called the antenna. Once the base station transfers the calls to the switiching center the call is then transferred to another cell phone. Once one of the RF channel is modulated one of the radio signals are then ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Tracking and Positioning of Mobile Systems in... ABSTRACT Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for commercial services. Mobile positioning in cellular networks will provide several services such as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to location–dependent services and applications in wireless systems continues to require the development of more accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate location estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter to the receiver is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 2.1 ARCHITECTURE OF AGEOLOCATIONSYSTEM An example of geolocation system architecture [KOS00] is shown in Figure. As we said earlier, in order to fix a call the subscriber we are calling must be located accurately. A geolocation service provider provides location information and location aware services to subscribers. Upon a request from a subscriber for location information about an MS, the service provider will contact a location control center querying it for the coordinates of the MS. This subscriber could be a commercial subscriber desiring to track a mobile device or a PSAP trying to answer an E–911 call. The location control center will gather information required to compute the MS's location. This information could be parameters such as received signal strength, BTS ID, TOA of signals, and so on that we discuss later. Depending on past information about the MS, a set of BS's could be used to page the MS, and directly or indirectly obtain the location parameters. These are sometimes called Geolocation base stations (GBSs). Once this information is collected, the location control center can determine the location of the mobile with certain accuracy and convey this information to the service provider. The service provider will then use this information to visually display the MS's location to the subscriber. Sometimes the subscriber could be the MS itself, in which case the messaging and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Radio Techniques For A Efficient Wireless Network Radio Techniques to enable energy– efficient wireless network Pramod Kumar Rapolu Vikas Reddy Bontha SIU #853243613 SIU#853245274 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale Abstract–In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient than what we expect to be, especially the base stations through which the terminal access takes place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to overcome all the problems and to develop a process which is going to save energy in future wireless systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current energy consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio base stations which helps to reduce the burden on the network providers. INTRODUCTION In the recent days there is rapid growth in the mobile telephony or mobile users that leads to the higher–data– rate mobile broadband and increased services of information technology which in turn consumes overall energy usage of the world. It is our main objective to reduce the energy consumption of radio access networks. For example, a mobile network in UK consumes approximately ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. An Experiment On Synthesized Luminol Abstract: In this experiment we synthesized luminol with the objective to demonstrate the process of using a stating material, converting it into a product and using it for a reaction. 5–nitro–2, 3–dihydrophthalazine–1, 4–dione was used as our starting material which then underwent through the process of refluxing and vacuuming to retrieve the luminol. In order to achieve chemilumenescence, two stock solute ions were made with sodium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide and hydrogen peroxide and mixed respectively in a dark room in order to observe an emitted blue light. Introduction: The chemiluminescence of luminol was recently first discovered by a German chemist by the name of H.O. Albrecth. He found that blood enhanced the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In this experiment, various processes such as refluxing help synthesize luminol. Refluxing is the process boiling a solution and condensing the vapor by cooling it simultaneously through the attached jacketed condenser that contains a water in/water out outlets. . Experimental: To initiate the experiment, 5–nitro–2, 3– dihydrophthalazine–1,4–dione (0.15g, 0.96mmol) was weighed out and added to a (5.00 mL) conical vial. Into the same vial, NaOH (2.00 mL, 3.00M in H2O) was added until a brown red solution was formed. Sodium hydrosulfite (0.25g, 1.45mol) was added after. A reflux apparatus (with water in/water out lines attached and water flowing through the system) was assembled attaching the conical vial. The conical vial rested on an aluminum block and hot plate ready to be refluxed for 5 minutes. The temperature read 250В°C after it had completely refluxed. Once the solution was refluxed for 5 minutes, it was then cooled for 5 minutes to room temperature with the addition of acetic acid and [acetic acid to quench (add H2)]. After the addition of acetic acid, the solution turned yellow and formed a precipitate. The solution was placed on ice for 10 minutes. Once the solution had been cooled, the solution went through a vacuum filtration until the precipitate was completely dried. The precipitate recovered is the luminol, which was used as the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Energy Efficient Wireless Network For Green Radio Project Energy Efficient Architectures and Key Techniques to Enable Energy Efficient Wireless Network in green radio project Abstract: Technical innovations changed every day life as fast and profoundly as the massive use of personal mobile communications. With rapid increase of modern communications networks, problems like emission of CO2 and energy consumption has emerged which have a potential adverse impact upon the environment and their operating energy costs are also increasing. Since 2006, data traffic on mobile networks has been increasing at a rate of approximately 300% and is expected to grow even at much faster rate. This has forced the researchers to address how to design future wireless networks which can reduce the energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In 2007, analyst Gartner reported that ICT sector share about 2% in carbon emissions. It might appear small at first sight but the overall footprint of the whole ICT sector is expected to double between 2007 and 2020. Mobile data traffic is going to increase dramatically in the next 5 years and one of the main reason is increase in mobile video traffic. In developing countries, electricity connections may not be directly available. So, for example, Vodafone uses extra 1 million gallons of gas per day to provide power their network. The above example gives us an idea of how the energy is consumed by the information technology. They are increasing energy costs with largerbase station site densities which leads to increase in energy price. Many companies have decided to reduce carbon emissions, for example Vodafone has set a target to reduce it CO2 emissions by approximately 50% by 2020. From an operators perspective, lowering of operating expenditure is possible with reduce in energy consumption. 3% of world wide energy is used by the Information and Communication architecture which is causing 2% of world wide CO2 emmission. The main key reason behind the development of mobile VCE green radio program is to reduce carbon emissions (CO2) and Reduction in operating expenditure for wireless cellular networks. The challenge of energy reduction should be achieved without compromise in the quality of service which is experienced by the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Cellular Wireless With Unlimited Numbers Of Base Station... Summary of "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" EE–584–Wireless Systems Security XIAN ZHANG Email: xzhang84@stevens.edu Fundamental ideas and Issues paper addresses1 Core ideas 12 Core ideas 23 Potential applications & future opportunities created by the technology4 Reference5 Summary of Fundamental Ideas and Issues Addresses The paper I read is "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas" written by Thomas L. Marzetta. This paper was published in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 9, NO.11, NOVEMBER 2010. The pilot signal is a direct sequence spread spectrum signal continuously sending by the base station. It makes the base station could send data in the forward–link and demodulate cell phone signals in the reverse–link. The pilot signal is known as confessed, like 000000 or 111111. In frequency re–use technology, we divide the space into several cells. Due to the same or correlated pilot sequence re–use in contiguous cells, the base station will inadvertently send data to terminals in other cells or collect and combine reverse–link signals from terminals in other cells when processing. This is called pilot contamination. In this paper, the author mainly talk about the environment of multi–user(MIMO) operation with an infinite number antennas in the base station. He thinks that in this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Using A Warrant Should Not Be Allowed Essay Many cases have been brought to court and are continuing to be brought that say location tracking without a warrant should not be allowed. The argument most often used is that it is a violation of the right to privacy. A warrant is not the only way to obtain these records nor should it be. There are valid reasons that data can be obtained through other methods. The issue is across many platforms of digital communication but the most prominent and easiest to explain is with cell phones. The use of historical location tracking data is not a violation of privacy, in fact there is no right to privacy as most understand the term. We are tracked almost constantly as participants of todays interconnected world. Every time we connect to the internet whether it be using a desktop, laptop, tablet, or smart phone that connection and the traffic passed is tracked. Even the infotainment systems in our cars such as the Onstar system available in some General Motors vehicles is capable of tracking and in turn reporting out locations. The IP address of the device used and the addresses connected to are tracked. If location services are turned on as many applications require to function, then that is tracked as well. Companies collect this information for many reasons with a major one being to sell targeted ads to us based on where we are and what we normally do. This is something we agree to as part of the user agreements as often if it is not agreed to the application will not work or at ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40. Essay on Firefly Lab Report The effect of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) on bioluminescence in fireflies. Introduction Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is the supply of energy found in every cell that we need in order to do essentially everything (Anonymous, 2008). It is an energy source for biochemical reactions such as muscle contraction, active transport, molecular synthesis, and in fireflies, also known as lightening bugs, bioluminescence (Biology Book). Bioluminescence is the process in which living organisms convert chemical energy into light (Branchini, 2008). In the fireflies case the reaction involves the enzyme luciferase which lights up a lantern–like mechanism under the tip the wings and attached to the end of the body of the firefly. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Results were observed and recorded. At station 3, the control Petri dish was left alone and the experimental Petri dish was heated in a hot water bath for 60 second using a clamp to hold it in place. The experimental Petri dish was removed from the hot water bath. Two drops of ATP solution was added with a pipette to both the control and the experimental Petri dish. Results were recorded. At station 4 a pipette was used to add two drops of ATP to both the experimental and controlled Petri dishes. The pipette was used to deliver several drops of sodium chloride solution to the experimental Petri dish. Results were observed and recorded. Results In station 1 when the acid was added to the experimental Petri dish the bioluminescence of the powdered firefly lantern started to dim and once the base was added the lantern began to brighten up again. The controlled Petri dish remained bright during all four of the experiments. The results are as shown in Table 1. In station 2 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the fridge and ATP was added the powdered firefly lantern did glow but at a very dim level. The results are as shown in Table 1. In station 3 after the experimental Petri dish was taken out of the hot water bath and two drops of ATP were added no bioluminescence reaction occurred at all in the powdered firefly lantern and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 41. Cell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay Gone are the days when cell telephones were considered as extravagance thing to have with. The developing rivalry in portable makers has brought down the costs of cellular telephones to that degree that these days, purchasing a cell telephone is not a major ordeal. Simply spend a couple bucks and you are pleased proprietor of a cell telephone. In today 's opportunity, it 's elusive a man who does not possess a cellular telephone. The little contraption is an essential need of life. In any case, why everybody labels the cellular telephones as essential need of life? What is the significance of cell telephones in our lives? Here is the answer. Simple Way of Communication What the cell telephones are implied for? Better believe it, you addressed it a good fit for correspondence. So the above all else part that cell telephones play in our lives is that they give us a simple and quick method for correspondence. Go wherever you need, at whatever point you need; your cellular telephone will stay you associated with all. Got an imperative message for your companion/relative? Simply send moment SMS or summon straight and make your vital message contact the proposed individual in the blink of an eye. Straightforward! Web Access and Social Media The Internet is one of the greatest gifts to man by innovation. One just can 't envision the existence without the Internet. Everybody likes/needs to stay associated with the Internet constantly. Because of the cell telephones that make ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42. Microburst Executive Summary MicroBurst Solutions is a rapidly growing startup company that designs and manufactures personal computers. MicroBurst is an international company with four physical locations in Chicago, USA; Shanghai, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Paris, France. In addition, MicroBurst owns a profitable webcenter with an increase in sales of 246% in the last quarter alone. The mission of MicroBurst is to deliver compact personal computing technology to solve the needs of businesses and individuals, whether they are on the road or in their offices. MicroBurst offers cutting edge technology in both the desktop and laptop personal computer markets. MicroBurst's mission is evident in its commitment to compact, powerful computing devices serving several different ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...