This document discusses various research methods that can be used to integrate evidence-based practice into clinical decision making. It describes the PICO model for framing clinical questions, systematic reviews for synthesizing existing evidence, and different types of studies including case reports, sequential clinical trials, and single case experimental designs that can be conducted in clinical practice to establish evidence when it is lacking. Examples are provided to illustrate how these research methods address clinical questions and guide treatment decisions.
Research method critique on problem solvingDana Dannawi
This document summarizes two research articles. For Article 1, it provides a brief overview of the purpose, methodology, results and lack of recommendations. For Article 2, it notes that while the purpose and introduction were clearly explained, some elements like the literature review and methodology were not fully described or defined. Both articles are critiqued on elements like validity, statistical analysis, discussion of findings and recommendations.
Evaluates a meta analysis of family therapy interventions for families facing physical illness.
The slide presentation and article is discussed in greater detail at http://jcoynester.wordpress.com/2013/08/12/interventions-for-the-family-in-chronic-illness-a-meta-analysis-i-like/
This document provides an overview of research methods and statistical concepts. It discusses research design types including descriptive, historical, and experimental. Experimental design can be true experiments or quasi-experiments. It also discusses quantitative and qualitative research approaches and mixed methods. Key statistical concepts are defined, such as population, sample, probability and non-probability sampling, and levels of measurement. Common statistical tests are introduced along with important assumptions. The document provides guidance on how to measure learning experimentally using different research designs. It also discusses how to determine appropriate sample sizes and select statistical analyses based on the research questions.
The document discusses the steps required to perform a systematic review of animal studies. It outlines that a systematic review involves 1) phrasing a clear research question, 2) defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3) systematically searching for all original papers on the topic, 4) selecting relevant papers, 5) assessing study quality and validity, 6) extracting data, 7) analyzing results through meta-analysis if possible, and 8) interpreting and presenting the data. The presentation focuses on how to phrase the research question, define criteria, systematically search the literature, assess study quality, and analyze results through meta-analysis to draw overall conclusions.
1. The document discusses research methods used in operations management, including survey research, case study research, and action research.
2. It provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of survey, case study, and action research methods.
3. The document also discusses key aspects of conducting research using these methods such as developing frameworks, collecting and analyzing data, and ensuring validity and reliability.
This document provides an overview of the research process. It defines research and discusses key principles such as facts, theories, and applications that can result from research. It also covers identifying research topics and problems, assessing feasibility, different types of research, and the scientific method of inquiry. This includes developing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data through descriptive and inferential statistics, and evaluating conclusions. The overall summary discusses defining research, identifying problems and topics, assessing feasibility, developing a methodology, and analyzing data.
Professor Tony Machin argues that organizational surveys should include detailed metadata to allow for better analysis and comparisons over time. Metadata includes information about survey questions, response options, and how survey components relate to other measures and previous surveys. This would allow linking survey results to other organizational data and recalculating scores from past surveys using new methods. Machin recommends reporting all metadata to a central registry for access by all researchers.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of occupational therapy vocational rehabilitation (VR) delivered by a specialist traumatic brain injury (TBI) team compared to usual care for supporting return to work after TBI. 94 participants with minor to severe TBI were recruited within 4 weeks of discharge and received either specialist VR (n=40) or usual care (n=54). Specialist VR consisted of work preparation, assessment, and return to work planning delivered in participants' homes or workplaces. Results showed increased rates of return to and retention in work for the specialist VR group at all follow-up points up to 12 months post-injury, with the greatest differences seen in those with moderate-severe TBI. The study provides preliminary evidence
Research method critique on problem solvingDana Dannawi
This document summarizes two research articles. For Article 1, it provides a brief overview of the purpose, methodology, results and lack of recommendations. For Article 2, it notes that while the purpose and introduction were clearly explained, some elements like the literature review and methodology were not fully described or defined. Both articles are critiqued on elements like validity, statistical analysis, discussion of findings and recommendations.
Evaluates a meta analysis of family therapy interventions for families facing physical illness.
The slide presentation and article is discussed in greater detail at http://jcoynester.wordpress.com/2013/08/12/interventions-for-the-family-in-chronic-illness-a-meta-analysis-i-like/
This document provides an overview of research methods and statistical concepts. It discusses research design types including descriptive, historical, and experimental. Experimental design can be true experiments or quasi-experiments. It also discusses quantitative and qualitative research approaches and mixed methods. Key statistical concepts are defined, such as population, sample, probability and non-probability sampling, and levels of measurement. Common statistical tests are introduced along with important assumptions. The document provides guidance on how to measure learning experimentally using different research designs. It also discusses how to determine appropriate sample sizes and select statistical analyses based on the research questions.
The document discusses the steps required to perform a systematic review of animal studies. It outlines that a systematic review involves 1) phrasing a clear research question, 2) defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3) systematically searching for all original papers on the topic, 4) selecting relevant papers, 5) assessing study quality and validity, 6) extracting data, 7) analyzing results through meta-analysis if possible, and 8) interpreting and presenting the data. The presentation focuses on how to phrase the research question, define criteria, systematically search the literature, assess study quality, and analyze results through meta-analysis to draw overall conclusions.
1. The document discusses research methods used in operations management, including survey research, case study research, and action research.
2. It provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of survey, case study, and action research methods.
3. The document also discusses key aspects of conducting research using these methods such as developing frameworks, collecting and analyzing data, and ensuring validity and reliability.
This document provides an overview of the research process. It defines research and discusses key principles such as facts, theories, and applications that can result from research. It also covers identifying research topics and problems, assessing feasibility, different types of research, and the scientific method of inquiry. This includes developing a methodology, collecting and analyzing data through descriptive and inferential statistics, and evaluating conclusions. The overall summary discusses defining research, identifying problems and topics, assessing feasibility, developing a methodology, and analyzing data.
Professor Tony Machin argues that organizational surveys should include detailed metadata to allow for better analysis and comparisons over time. Metadata includes information about survey questions, response options, and how survey components relate to other measures and previous surveys. This would allow linking survey results to other organizational data and recalculating scores from past surveys using new methods. Machin recommends reporting all metadata to a central registry for access by all researchers.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of occupational therapy vocational rehabilitation (VR) delivered by a specialist traumatic brain injury (TBI) team compared to usual care for supporting return to work after TBI. 94 participants with minor to severe TBI were recruited within 4 weeks of discharge and received either specialist VR (n=40) or usual care (n=54). Specialist VR consisted of work preparation, assessment, and return to work planning delivered in participants' homes or workplaces. Results showed increased rates of return to and retention in work for the specialist VR group at all follow-up points up to 12 months post-injury, with the greatest differences seen in those with moderate-severe TBI. The study provides preliminary evidence
The Item Consistency Index (ICI) is proposed as a new item-fit index for cognitive diagnostic assessments. The ICI is adapted from the existing Hierarchy Consistency Index, which measures person-fit. The ICI compares the actual response patterns on an item to the expected response patterns based on the skills the item is intended to measure. Simulation and real data studies show the ICI can identify poorly fitting items under different conditions, such as small sample sizes, short tests, and when a high proportion of items are misfitting. The ICI provides a useful tool for evaluating the quality of items in cognitive diagnostic assessments.
Health Care Stories are Good for You
Presented by Sharon Manson Singer, Steve Buist and Jennifer Verma. Canadian Association of Journalists, Annual Meeting, April 28, 2012.
This chapter outlines the grounded theory methodology used in Andrea Gorra's PhD thesis on perceptions of privacy and mobile phone location data. It describes the data collection process, which included a mobile phone tracking pilot study, interviews, and a survey. The chapter explains the grounded theory approach to data analysis, including open, axial, and selective coding of interviews to develop categories and concepts. The goal is to generate new theory by relating categories based on empirical data rather than testing existing theories.
Not just for STEM: Open and reproducible research in the social sciencesUoLResearchSupport
On Thursday 22nd April 2021, Dr Viktoria Spaiser spoke about how open and reproducible research is currently practiced in the social sciences, how it varies in quantitative, computational, and qualitative social research and how these practices are currently changing. She also discussed what the specific barriers for open and reproducible research in social science are and how at least some of them could be addressed in the future.
Viktoria Spaiser is an Associate Professor in Sustainability Research and Computational Social Sciences at the School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds. Viktoria is interested in sustainability research and specifically in how societies can make a rapid, fair and empowering transition to zero-emissions / zero-pollution. She applies mathematical and computational approaches to these and other social and political science research questions.
The document discusses methodological paradigms in research. It covers:
1) The history of methodological behaviorism as the dominant paradigm and quantitative methods (QMs) being synonymous with scientific knowledge.
2) Qualitative methods employ techniques like interviews and observation, while QMs use experiments, surveys, and statistics.
3) Both methods have strengths and weaknesses, and using mixed methods can overcome some limitations.
4) Other approaches like action research also exist beyond qualitative and quantitative divides. The methods differ in their philosophical assumptions and focus.
This document discusses the meaning, purpose, and types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to gain new knowledge. The main purposes of research are better decision making, identifying problems, forecasting, and developing new products. There are various types of research including exploratory, descriptive, applied, basic, conceptual, causal, historical, ex-post-facto, action, and evaluation research. The research process involves identifying a problem, developing a methodology, finalizing a research plan, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings.
The document provides a list of important Baroque artworks from the 1600-1780 time period, including paintings by Caravaggio focusing on religious scenes through dramatic use of light and shadow. It also mentions sculptures like Bernini's David from 1623 that exemplified the Baroque emphasis on movement and drama compared to Michelangelo's earlier Renaissance David. The document covers major Italian artists like Caravaggio, Gentileschi, and Bernini that produced iconic works during the Baroque era.
The document summarizes the target audience and genre conventions for a fictional thriller media product called "Class of '92". The target audience is 15-25 year olds, who would be attracted to the violence and themes of drugs, sex, and bullying portrayed. The opening establishes the main character, a serial killer living a double life, and uses conventions like a signature black coat and newspaper clippings to set up intrigue. Feedback on their preliminary work suggested using a larger variety of shots, close-ups, and cropping wide shots for focus.
The document discusses the key features and uses of the Desire2Learn ePortfolio tool. It can be used to store, organize, and share artifacts and reflections. Users can create collections and presentations of their work, add comments and feedback, and control permissions. The tool allows users to reflect on their learning process and products, and share their work for purposes like job searching or personal development. It is a flexible platform for storing, organizing, and presenting academic and professional work and progress.
The document provides information about several European countries, including Spain, Germany, Italy, Ireland, France, and Great Britain. For each country there is a brief overview of its history and culture, as well as recommendations for top sights to see in certain cities and the best times for traveling. Various traditional recipes are also described from the different countries.
This document discusses animals and contains questions about animal names, parts of animals, types of mammals, and the Goldilocks story. It also asks the reader to match pictures of animal products with their names and find a missing pair of images.
A systematic review is a literature review focused on answering a specific question by identifying, appraising, selecting, and synthesizing high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. It follows a rigorous methodology to overcome bias, including formulating a research question, conducting a comprehensive literature search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, and analyzing results. The results are often combined using meta-analysis to provide a quantitative summary of effects across multiple studies.
As investments in healthcare are expanding and medical imaging technology are maturing, the need for structured measurement approaches and holistic evaluation methods is expanding. The wider adoption of Technology Assessments (TA), and the fact that hospitals are re-evaluating their current PACS implementations, reflects this demand. No recognized work structurally defines what PACS performance constitutes, however. Based on TA models for diagnostic imaging technology and levels of (clinical) efficacy [1-3], and balanced evaluation models [4], we define PACS performance as: the multi-factorial impacts and benefits produced by the application of PACS in terms of hospital efficiency and clinical effectiveness with respect to PACS workflow and patients’ clinical journey. In this paper, the authors review PACS performance according to a predefined literature search protocol, and apply a meta-analytic approach that synthesizes these sources.
Researcher KnowHow session 1 of 3 presented by Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA Lecturer in evidence synthesis and Michelle Maden PhD MAFHEA Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis at the University of Liverpool on 22nd November 2021.
The document outlines various aspects of empirical research studies including sampling methods, measures, design, analysis, and conclusions. It discusses sampling procedures, measures of stressors and outcomes, research design types, variables that are controlled for, and issues with determining causality from evidence. Minimum quality criteria for research designs are also presented focusing on randomized controlled trials, experiments, and longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
John Lavis | Making research work for decision makers: international perspect...Sax Institute
Professor John N Lavis, Director of the McMaster Health Forum at McMaster University in Canada, recently addressed a CIPHER forum to share his experience in making research useful for health decision makers.
CIPHER, the Centre for Informing Policy in Health with Evidence from Research, is an Australian collaborative research centre managed by the Sax Institute, that is investigating the tools, skills and systems that might contribute to an increased use of research evidence in policy.
For more information visit www.saxinstitute.org.au.
This document defines evidence-based nursing and its key components. Evidence-based nursing integrates the best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. It involves cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking clinical questions, searching for evidence, critically appraising evidence, integrating evidence with expertise and patient preferences, evaluating outcomes, and disseminating results. Barriers to evidence-based nursing include lack of skills/time and organizational constraints, while supports include leadership, resources, and mentors.
Course Project Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Pra.docxlanagore871
Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice
You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project respectively into one cohesive and cogent paper.
In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.
Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.
To prepare:
· Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?
· With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.
· Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.
· Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?
To complete:
In a 3- to 4-page paper:
· Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.
· Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.
· Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.
· Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”
This chapter introduces key c.
Evidence-Informed Public Health Decisions Made Easier: Take it one Step at a ...Health Evidence™
The document outlines the steps involved in evidence-informed public health decision making. It discusses defining a focused question, efficiently searching for relevant research evidence such as from systematic reviews, critically appraising the research methods, interpreting the results and adapting the information to the local context, deciding whether and how to implement changes, and evaluating the effectiveness of changes made. The goal is to integrate the best available research evidence with local factors to inform public health policies and practices.
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scien...rosie.dunne
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scientists and health researchers presented by Luke van Rhoon Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, NUI Galway November 2020
The Item Consistency Index (ICI) is proposed as a new item-fit index for cognitive diagnostic assessments. The ICI is adapted from the existing Hierarchy Consistency Index, which measures person-fit. The ICI compares the actual response patterns on an item to the expected response patterns based on the skills the item is intended to measure. Simulation and real data studies show the ICI can identify poorly fitting items under different conditions, such as small sample sizes, short tests, and when a high proportion of items are misfitting. The ICI provides a useful tool for evaluating the quality of items in cognitive diagnostic assessments.
Health Care Stories are Good for You
Presented by Sharon Manson Singer, Steve Buist and Jennifer Verma. Canadian Association of Journalists, Annual Meeting, April 28, 2012.
This chapter outlines the grounded theory methodology used in Andrea Gorra's PhD thesis on perceptions of privacy and mobile phone location data. It describes the data collection process, which included a mobile phone tracking pilot study, interviews, and a survey. The chapter explains the grounded theory approach to data analysis, including open, axial, and selective coding of interviews to develop categories and concepts. The goal is to generate new theory by relating categories based on empirical data rather than testing existing theories.
Not just for STEM: Open and reproducible research in the social sciencesUoLResearchSupport
On Thursday 22nd April 2021, Dr Viktoria Spaiser spoke about how open and reproducible research is currently practiced in the social sciences, how it varies in quantitative, computational, and qualitative social research and how these practices are currently changing. She also discussed what the specific barriers for open and reproducible research in social science are and how at least some of them could be addressed in the future.
Viktoria Spaiser is an Associate Professor in Sustainability Research and Computational Social Sciences at the School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds. Viktoria is interested in sustainability research and specifically in how societies can make a rapid, fair and empowering transition to zero-emissions / zero-pollution. She applies mathematical and computational approaches to these and other social and political science research questions.
The document discusses methodological paradigms in research. It covers:
1) The history of methodological behaviorism as the dominant paradigm and quantitative methods (QMs) being synonymous with scientific knowledge.
2) Qualitative methods employ techniques like interviews and observation, while QMs use experiments, surveys, and statistics.
3) Both methods have strengths and weaknesses, and using mixed methods can overcome some limitations.
4) Other approaches like action research also exist beyond qualitative and quantitative divides. The methods differ in their philosophical assumptions and focus.
This document discusses the meaning, purpose, and types of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to gain new knowledge. The main purposes of research are better decision making, identifying problems, forecasting, and developing new products. There are various types of research including exploratory, descriptive, applied, basic, conceptual, causal, historical, ex-post-facto, action, and evaluation research. The research process involves identifying a problem, developing a methodology, finalizing a research plan, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings.
The document provides a list of important Baroque artworks from the 1600-1780 time period, including paintings by Caravaggio focusing on religious scenes through dramatic use of light and shadow. It also mentions sculptures like Bernini's David from 1623 that exemplified the Baroque emphasis on movement and drama compared to Michelangelo's earlier Renaissance David. The document covers major Italian artists like Caravaggio, Gentileschi, and Bernini that produced iconic works during the Baroque era.
The document summarizes the target audience and genre conventions for a fictional thriller media product called "Class of '92". The target audience is 15-25 year olds, who would be attracted to the violence and themes of drugs, sex, and bullying portrayed. The opening establishes the main character, a serial killer living a double life, and uses conventions like a signature black coat and newspaper clippings to set up intrigue. Feedback on their preliminary work suggested using a larger variety of shots, close-ups, and cropping wide shots for focus.
The document discusses the key features and uses of the Desire2Learn ePortfolio tool. It can be used to store, organize, and share artifacts and reflections. Users can create collections and presentations of their work, add comments and feedback, and control permissions. The tool allows users to reflect on their learning process and products, and share their work for purposes like job searching or personal development. It is a flexible platform for storing, organizing, and presenting academic and professional work and progress.
The document provides information about several European countries, including Spain, Germany, Italy, Ireland, France, and Great Britain. For each country there is a brief overview of its history and culture, as well as recommendations for top sights to see in certain cities and the best times for traveling. Various traditional recipes are also described from the different countries.
This document discusses animals and contains questions about animal names, parts of animals, types of mammals, and the Goldilocks story. It also asks the reader to match pictures of animal products with their names and find a missing pair of images.
A systematic review is a literature review focused on answering a specific question by identifying, appraising, selecting, and synthesizing high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. It follows a rigorous methodology to overcome bias, including formulating a research question, conducting a comprehensive literature search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, and analyzing results. The results are often combined using meta-analysis to provide a quantitative summary of effects across multiple studies.
As investments in healthcare are expanding and medical imaging technology are maturing, the need for structured measurement approaches and holistic evaluation methods is expanding. The wider adoption of Technology Assessments (TA), and the fact that hospitals are re-evaluating their current PACS implementations, reflects this demand. No recognized work structurally defines what PACS performance constitutes, however. Based on TA models for diagnostic imaging technology and levels of (clinical) efficacy [1-3], and balanced evaluation models [4], we define PACS performance as: the multi-factorial impacts and benefits produced by the application of PACS in terms of hospital efficiency and clinical effectiveness with respect to PACS workflow and patients’ clinical journey. In this paper, the authors review PACS performance according to a predefined literature search protocol, and apply a meta-analytic approach that synthesizes these sources.
Researcher KnowHow session 1 of 3 presented by Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA Lecturer in evidence synthesis and Michelle Maden PhD MAFHEA Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis at the University of Liverpool on 22nd November 2021.
The document outlines various aspects of empirical research studies including sampling methods, measures, design, analysis, and conclusions. It discusses sampling procedures, measures of stressors and outcomes, research design types, variables that are controlled for, and issues with determining causality from evidence. Minimum quality criteria for research designs are also presented focusing on randomized controlled trials, experiments, and longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
John Lavis | Making research work for decision makers: international perspect...Sax Institute
Professor John N Lavis, Director of the McMaster Health Forum at McMaster University in Canada, recently addressed a CIPHER forum to share his experience in making research useful for health decision makers.
CIPHER, the Centre for Informing Policy in Health with Evidence from Research, is an Australian collaborative research centre managed by the Sax Institute, that is investigating the tools, skills and systems that might contribute to an increased use of research evidence in policy.
For more information visit www.saxinstitute.org.au.
This document defines evidence-based nursing and its key components. Evidence-based nursing integrates the best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. It involves cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking clinical questions, searching for evidence, critically appraising evidence, integrating evidence with expertise and patient preferences, evaluating outcomes, and disseminating results. Barriers to evidence-based nursing include lack of skills/time and organizational constraints, while supports include leadership, resources, and mentors.
Course Project Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Pra.docxlanagore871
Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice
You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project respectively into one cohesive and cogent paper.
In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.
Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.
To prepare:
· Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?
· With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.
· Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.
· Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?
To complete:
In a 3- to 4-page paper:
· Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.
· Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.
· Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.
· Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”
This chapter introduces key c.
Evidence-Informed Public Health Decisions Made Easier: Take it one Step at a ...Health Evidence™
The document outlines the steps involved in evidence-informed public health decision making. It discusses defining a focused question, efficiently searching for relevant research evidence such as from systematic reviews, critically appraising the research methods, interpreting the results and adapting the information to the local context, deciding whether and how to implement changes, and evaluating the effectiveness of changes made. The goal is to integrate the best available research evidence with local factors to inform public health policies and practices.
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scien...rosie.dunne
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scientists and health researchers presented by Luke van Rhoon Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, NUI Galway November 2020
Pico framework for framing systematic review research questions - PubricaPubrica
P Patient, problem, population
I ‑ Intervention, prognostic factor, exposure
C ‑ Comparison
O ‑ Outcome
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3igMAQ4
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/systematic-review/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
Pico framework for framing systematic review research questions pubricaPubrica
P Patient, problem, population
I ‑ Intervention, prognostic factor, exposure
C ‑ Comparison
O ‑ Outcome
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3igMAQ4
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/systematic-review/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-161818635
Comparison of registered and published intervention fidelity assessment in cl...valéry ridde
A methodologically oriented systematic review was conducted to study current practices concerning the assessment of intervention fidelity in CRTs of public health interventions conducted in LMICs.
This document outlines the process of evidence-based practice (EBP) for nursing students. It defines EBP as integrating clinical expertise, external evidence from research, and patient preferences. The 5 steps of EBP are described as: 1) asking a clinical question, 2) searching for evidence, 3) critically appraising the evidence, 4) integrating the evidence with clinical judgment and patient values, and 5) evaluating the outcomes. Sources of evidence are ranked from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials being the strongest, to expert opinion being the weakest.
NR 328 EBP Improving Diagnostic Safety Project.pdfbkbk37
1. The document outlines guidelines for an assignment on improving diagnostic safety through an evidence-based project. It includes sections on defining a clinical question, completing an evidence matrix table summarizing multiple research articles, describing the findings, and concluding.
2. It also discusses the Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goal around timely reporting of critical test results to improve patient safety and prevent harm from treatment delays. The goal requires hospitals to define critical results and protocols for reporting them to clinicians within an agreed upon timeframe.
3. One study cited used focus groups to examine how education impacts dietary modifications in diabetes patients, finding that education improved compliance with dietary changes.
(1) Impact evaluations should focus more on understanding dynamics of change and people's responses to incentives, rather than just registering outcomes. (2) Evaluation provides critical information on policy relevance and is a progressive learning exercise. (3) Novel approaches are needed to evaluate new development strategies.
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing • Volume 18, Number 2 .docxbartholomeocoombs
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing • Volume 18, Number 2 • Evidence-Based Practice 157
The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote
Quality Care: An Illustrated Example in Oncology Nursing
Carlton G. Brown, PhD, RN, AOCN®, FAAN
Evidence-based practice (EBP) improves the quality of patient care and helps control
healthcare costs. Numerous EBP models exist to assist nurses and other healthcare
providers to integrate best evidence into clinical practice. The Iowa Model of Evidence-
Based Practice to Promote Quality Care is one model that should be considered. Using
an actual clinical example, this article describes how the Iowa Model can be used
effectively to implement an actual practice change at the unit or organizational level.
Carlton G. Brown, PhD, RN, AOCN®, FAAN, is the director of Professional Services at the Oregon Nurses
Association in Tualatin. The author takes full responsibility for the content of the article. The author did not
receive honoraria for this work. No financial relationships relevant to the content of this article have been
disclosed by the author or editorial staff. Brown can be reached at [email protected], with copy to
editor at [email protected]
Key words: evidence-based practice; research; decision making
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1188/14.CJON.157-159
N
urses understand that evidence-
based practice (EBP) improves the
quality of patient outcomes while
controlling the cost of healthcare (Mel-
nyk, Fineout-Overholt, Gallagher-Ford, &
Kaplan, 2012). But even in the year 2014,
barriers and roadblocks exist to imple-
menting EBP at the bedside or chair side.
The Institute of Medicine estimated that
it takes more than 17 years to implement
a research finding into clinical practice
(Institute of Medicine, 2001). Although
research may exist that should be trans-
lated into practice, the time it takes to
deliver these research-based interventions
to patients takes too long. In their study
of 1,054 RNs, Melnyk et al. (2012) discov-
ered that although nurses value EBP, they
required education, access to information,
and time to implement EBP into daily prac-
tice. Nurses and other healthcare provid-
ers want their practice based in evidence,
but they also acknowledge the barriers
of lack of education and time to actually
implement and use EBP.
EBP is a problem-solving approach to
clinical decision making that integrates
the best evidence from well-designed
studies with a clinician’s expertise along
with patients’ preferences and values
(Melnyk et al., 2012). Numerous EBP
models are available to help nurses orga-
nize and systematically track progress in
implementing evidence into practice, in-
cluding the Stetler Model of Research Uti-
lization (Stetler, 2001), the Iowa Model of
Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Qual-
ity Care (hereafter referred to as the Iowa
Model) (Titler et al., 2001), and the Johns
Hopkins Nursing Model (Newhouse, Dear-
holt, Poe, Pugh, &.
This document provides an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. It discusses the need for critical analysis of multiple studies on a topic, as individual studies can produce conflicting results. The key steps in conducting a systematic review are planning, conducting searches and screening studies, extracting and synthesizing data, and reporting results. Meta-analysis allows for quantitatively combining results across studies to obtain a pooled effect size. Conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses helps provide more robust evidence for healthcare decisions compared to individual studies.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based periodontics. It discusses the need for evidence-based decision making to reduce variations in clinical practice. The advantages of an evidence-based approach are that it is objective, scientifically sound, patient-focused, and incorporates clinical expertise. The process of evidence-based decision making involves framing questions, searching for and appraising evidence from various sources and levels, evaluating outcomes, and implementing decisions. Key aspects include assessing evidence critically and avoiding changes to pre-established hypotheses.
The fifth webinar continues the momentum of the series as it focuses on providing concrete approaches for identifying barriers and enablers, emphasising behaviour change approaches.
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Similar to Research alternatives oct 22 final (20)
Webinar 5: Identifying barriers and enablers, and determinants, in practice
Research alternatives oct 22 final
1. Research Alternatives for Clinical
Practice
Mary P. Watkins, DPT, MS
Faculty Emerita
MGH Institute of Health Professions
Boston, Massachusetts
1 MP Watkins, 2008
2. Course Objective And Goals
To define and explore methods for integrating
research activities and clinical practice for the purpose
of achieving effective, timely patient or client care.
To assure that our clinical intervention strategies
– Are based on the best available research- based
evidence
0R
– Are lacking in that evidence therefore requiring
studies to determine effectiveness – the beginnings
of establishing sound evidence
2 MP Watkins, 2008
3. Identify The Question
Define the problem
Identify the variables ?
Characteristics that can be
manipulated (intervention)or
observed (measurement of outcome)
MP Watkins,2008
4. What about all that information
that already exists?
How can we access it?
What can we learn from it?
4 MP Watkins, 2008
6. Introduction :
Definition of the PICO Model
A case example
Asking the question
Planning the Search
6 MP Watkins, 2008
7. What does PICO represent:
P – The patient or the disease process
I – The intervention
– Diagnostic test
– Intervention
C – A comparison of interventions
O – The outcome
7 MP Watkins, 2008
8. An example: Read this carefully:
Mrs. C.T. aged 45 years old administrative
assistant who complains of pain and tingling in her
right hand, often waking her up during the night.
The pain bothers her if she works at the computer
for more than 20 minutes without a break. Her
husband is unemployed at this time. She has
accumulated two weeks of sick time. She has had
the appropriate diagnostic tests revealing that she
has carpal tunnel syndrome. Given her present
symptoms, her need to work and the sick time
limit that she has, we need to consider the
treatment approach.
8 MP Watkins, 2008
9. The Patient
45 years old
Employed and needs to be
Symptoms bother her at night and on the job
She has 2 weeks of sick time
On questioning, her goal is to be able to work
without pain and tingling
9 MP Watkins, 2008
10. Intervention
Work station evaluation and adaptation
Splinting
Work rest periods with exercise
Surgery
10 MP Watkins, 2008
11. Comparison
Conservative program: splinting, rest periods,
work station adaptation, exercise (alone or in
combination)
OR
Surgical intervention: arthroscopy or open
approach
11 MP Watkins, 2008
12. Outcome: ????
Conservative intervention
– Effective to achieve the goal
– Risk: eventual surgery
Surgical intervention
– Effective to achieve the goal
– Risk: Surgical failure; time lost from work
12 MP Watkins, 2008
13. What is our specific question?
For patients who have a confirmed diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome and whose symptoms at this time limited to pain and
tingling, is conservative management effective in reducing pain
and increasing function?
Is it complete?
•The patient and the condition
•The intervention
•The comparison (may or may not include in our search)
•The outcome
13 MP Watkins, 2008
14. Identify The Question
Define the problem
Identify the variables ?
Characteristics that can be
manipulated (intervention)or
observed (measurement of outcome)
MP Watkins,2008
15. How will you pursue the answer to
your clinical question? Is your
question complete enough to pursue?
YES? Let’s see what our choices are:
15 MP Watkins, 2008
16. Existing Information
http://servers.medlib.hscbklyn.edu/ebm/2100.htm
16 MP Watkins, 2008
17. Systematic Review
Definition: a process of summarizing research
evidence in an organized, rigorous way to
answer a clinical question.
17 MP Watkins, 2008
18. The process of Systematic Review
1. Refine a specific clinical question
2. Identify and obtain all relevant studies
3. Establish inclusion criteria
4. Systematically select studies that meet the criteria
5. Appraise the methodological quality of selected studies
6. Synthesize the data to answer the question
18 MP Watkins, 2008
19. The Systematic Review Process
Develop the Conduct a database Retrieve relevant
Clarify the need: Write protocol: identify search and review papers (4.0)
out a question that variables, other relevant
defines the information inclusion/exclusion sources (3.0)
needed to arrive at an criteria and
answer (1.0) evaluation method
(2.0) Develop a search
strategy (3.4)
Identify the first
Identify
choice site Select and
resources that
(Repeat until all organize key
include relevant
resources have words
information (3.1)
been (3.3)
included)(3.2)
Sort and select
Incorporate Information into a Evaluate the quality papers that meet
synthesis of the systematic of the studies (6.0) established criteria.
review (7.0) (5.0)
19 MP Watkins, 2008
21. Meta-analysis
Definition: statistical analysis of
information from a series of
similar studies
Purpose: to synthesize and integrate
findings into an overall
interpretation of results
Benefit: effectively increases sample
size = increases power and
generalizability
21 MP Watkins, 2008
22. 1. What if the supporting evidence is not
sufficient or does not exist at all??
2. What if in our clinic there are several patients
with a similar condition?
3. Time to consider conducting clinically-based
studies…What are our reasonable choices??
22 MP Watkins, 2008
23. What about
one of these
categories?
http://servers.medlib.hscbklyn.edu/ebm/2100.htm
23 MP Watkins, 2008
24. Case Report
Purpose:
• to describe something new or unique
• to present usually ONE instance (one
patient)
• to perform an intense analysis of one case
24 MP Watkins, 2008
25. Case Report
Introduction including background literature to support
elements of the case and what’s unique about the case
Patient description: problem, symptoms, prior
treatment,….
Methods
– Treatment plan and procedures (Intervention)
– Documentation methods (Measurement)
Discussion with compare/contrast to prior background,
conclusion including future directions
25 MP Watkins, 2008
27. Sequential Clinical Trials
Advantages:
1. continuous analysis as data are
collected
2. the method is a statistical
technique
27 MP Watkins, 2008
28. Sequential Clinical Trials: Concept
and Technique
Alternative treatments administered randomly
to pairs of subjects - a series of “little
experiments”
Success criterion (“preference”) - determined
apriori
28 MP Watkins, 2008
29. Possible Outcomes
Outcome Treatment A Treatment B Preference
1 Improvement Improvement None
2 No improvement No improvement None
3 Improvement No improvement A
4 No improvement Improvement B
29 MP Watkins, 2008
31. Sequential Clinical Trials: the “numbers
problem”
Minimum # in the example: 8 pairs
– What about the pairs with no preference?
Maximum # : 58 pairs to reach either favorable choice
WHAT TO DO?
– Record and account for tied pairs
– Early termination: a clinical decision and a decision
based on the Research Question!!
31 MP Watkins, 2008
33. Sequential Clinical Trials:
Advantages
Data analysis is simple
The study is terminated as soon as a
preference is determined
the impact on clinical decision-making can be
immediate
33 MP Watkins, 2008
34. Single case experimental designs
Purpose: to compare
2 or more treatments
(or treatment-no
treatment)
34 MP Watkins, 2008
35. Single case designs
Advantage - study of individuals
(where individual characteristics may get lost in
group studies)
Disadvantage - generalizability, but
fosters replication
35 MP Watkins, 2008
36. Single case experimental designs
Unique elements:
Repeated measures of a “target”behavior
Design phases over time - beginning with
“baseline”- usually designated by letters, e.g.
A,B,C…..
36 MP Watkins, 2008
39. Single case designs: A - B - A
A B . . A
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
. . . .
39 MP Watkins, 2008
40. Multiple single case designs
alternate treatment: A - B - A - C
interactive treatment: A - B - BC - A
multiple baseline across subjects
staggered baseline
multiple dependent measures
40 MP Watkins, 2008
41. Data Analysis
Visual analysis: stability and trend
Split middle technique - celeration lines
Two standard deviation band method.
41 MP Watkins, 2008
44. Example
To compare the effectiveness of two
taping methods for treatment of
plantar fasciitis for pain, disability and
activities of daily life.
44 MP Watkins, 2008
45. 2 standard deviation band analysis
Mean & standard deviations were calculated for
each phase
Lines were drawn 2SD above & below the mean &
extended into the successive intervention phase
Where at least two successive data points fell
outside the 2SD band, changes were considered
significant
45 MP Watkins, 2008
47. Summary
To define and explore methods for integrating
research activities and clinical practice.
– We reviewed the principles of evidence based
practice to use the best available research- based
data and the approach of systematic review
– We considered kinds of studies that are suited to
clinical practice and that contribute to the process of
establishing sound evidence of effective, timely
patient care.
47 MP Watkins, 2008
48. Web- based References
Atkins C, Sampson J. Critical Appraisal Guidelines for Single Case
Study Research. Available at: <
http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20020011.pdf > Accessed September
12, 2008.
Aldridge J. Single Case Research Designs for the Clinician.
Available at: <
http://www.musictherapyworld.net/modules/archive/stuff/papers/Sing
Case.pdf > Accessed September 12, 2008
Greenhalgh, T. How to read a paper: Papers that summarise other
papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Available at: <
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7109/672 > Accessed
September 12, 2008
48 MP Watkins, 2008
49. Text References
Law M, MacDermid J. Evidence-Based
Rehabilitation. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc, 2008
Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of
Clinical Research. Applications to Practice.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice
Hall, 2009
49 MP Watkins, 2008