This research proposal examines the impact of a year-round education (YRE) calendar on kindergarten students and their parents in the Bardstown City School District in Kentucky. The proposal provides background on the development of the traditional 180-day school calendar and the rise of YRE as an alternative. It then states the problem that while Bardstown has seen improved test scores and attendance with YRE, no data exists on parental perceptions of its impact on family life and the quality of learning. The study aims to survey parents before and after one year of YRE to determine their views in these areas. It outlines the research questions, limitations, and framework to guide the research.
This document outlines two education policy issues raised by the report A Nation At Risk for debate. The first issue is whether the school year should be lengthened from the current average of 175-180 days, as recommended by the report. The second issue is whether a standard high school curriculum should be adopted nationwide, as the report called for increased rigor in high school courses. Key actors in debating these issues in New Jersey are identified as the New Jersey State Board of Education and the New Jersey School Boards Association. Potential policy alternatives and evaluation criteria are also discussed.
Level of Influence of Parental Involvement on the Selected Tangub City Nation...Elton John Embodo
This document provides background information on the role of parental involvement in children's academic achievement. It discusses previous research showing that greater parental involvement is linked to better academic performance. The study aims to determine the level of influence of parental involvement on students in different curricula and between males and females. It describes the theoretical framework of social cognitive theory and how parental modeling can impact children's views of education. The methodology section outlines the descriptive research design that will be used to collect and analyze data on parental involvement levels.
The document discusses encouraging parental involvement in school. It analyzes perspectives from parents, teachers, and administrators on parental involvement through interviews and surveys. The key findings are:
- Parents, teachers, and the school value involvement differently, with teachers preferring visible involvement like volunteering and the PTO.
- Barriers to involvement include cultural/socioeconomic factors, communication issues, and work schedules.
- Involvement is linked to student achievement, as parent-child interactions strengthen cognitive development and learning.
- Changing negative perceptions among all groups and improving communication are necessary to increase parental involvement.
The Level of Influence of Family-related factors on the Selected Tangub City ...Elton John Embodo
The document discusses the importance of parental involvement in a student's academic performance. It begins by outlining how education benefits society and that parents play a key role in socializing children to become productive members. The theoretical framework discusses social cognitive theory and how children learn behaviors from parents. Research has shown parental involvement is linked to higher achievement and that factors like parents' educational expectations and support with homework positively influence performance. The study aims to determine the level of influence of family-related factors like parents' learning support on students in different curriculums and between males and females at Tangub City National High School.
This document summarizes research on ability grouping in physical education. It describes 6 research papers that critically examine policies and practices around grouping students by ability in PE. The papers investigate how ability grouping is implemented in schools, how it affects teaching and learning, and the factors that influence grouping decisions. They find that setting by ability is common in PE and can negatively impact students' experiences and learning opportunities depending on their perceived ability level.
Geert Driessen, Frederik Smit & Peter Sleegers (2005). Parental Involvement ...Frederik Smit
Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for the advancement of the quality of education. The ultimate objective of this is to expand the social and cognitive capacities of pupils. In addition, special attention is paid to the children of low-educated and ethnic minority parents. Various forms of both parental and school-initiated involvement are examined. On the one hand, the connections between a number of characteristics of parents and schools such as the social and ethnic background of the parents and the composition of the school population will be examined. On the other hand, the connections between a number of outcome measures such as the language and mathematics skills of the pupils will be examined. Data will be drawn from the large-scale Dutch PRIMA (primary education) cohort study, which contains information on more than 500 schools and 12,000 pupils in the last year of primary school and their parents. An important finding is that predominantly schools with numerous minority pupils appear to provide a considerable amount of extra effort with respect to parental involvement, but that a direct effect of such involvement cannot be demonstrated.
Level of influence of parental involvement on the selected tangub city nation...Elton John Embodo
This study of ours is entitled "LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON THE SELECTED TANGUB CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
This is the final version of our study, I hope it will help you.
This document outlines two education policy issues raised by the report A Nation At Risk for debate. The first issue is whether the school year should be lengthened from the current average of 175-180 days, as recommended by the report. The second issue is whether a standard high school curriculum should be adopted nationwide, as the report called for increased rigor in high school courses. Key actors in debating these issues in New Jersey are identified as the New Jersey State Board of Education and the New Jersey School Boards Association. Potential policy alternatives and evaluation criteria are also discussed.
Level of Influence of Parental Involvement on the Selected Tangub City Nation...Elton John Embodo
This document provides background information on the role of parental involvement in children's academic achievement. It discusses previous research showing that greater parental involvement is linked to better academic performance. The study aims to determine the level of influence of parental involvement on students in different curricula and between males and females. It describes the theoretical framework of social cognitive theory and how parental modeling can impact children's views of education. The methodology section outlines the descriptive research design that will be used to collect and analyze data on parental involvement levels.
The document discusses encouraging parental involvement in school. It analyzes perspectives from parents, teachers, and administrators on parental involvement through interviews and surveys. The key findings are:
- Parents, teachers, and the school value involvement differently, with teachers preferring visible involvement like volunteering and the PTO.
- Barriers to involvement include cultural/socioeconomic factors, communication issues, and work schedules.
- Involvement is linked to student achievement, as parent-child interactions strengthen cognitive development and learning.
- Changing negative perceptions among all groups and improving communication are necessary to increase parental involvement.
The Level of Influence of Family-related factors on the Selected Tangub City ...Elton John Embodo
The document discusses the importance of parental involvement in a student's academic performance. It begins by outlining how education benefits society and that parents play a key role in socializing children to become productive members. The theoretical framework discusses social cognitive theory and how children learn behaviors from parents. Research has shown parental involvement is linked to higher achievement and that factors like parents' educational expectations and support with homework positively influence performance. The study aims to determine the level of influence of family-related factors like parents' learning support on students in different curriculums and between males and females at Tangub City National High School.
This document summarizes research on ability grouping in physical education. It describes 6 research papers that critically examine policies and practices around grouping students by ability in PE. The papers investigate how ability grouping is implemented in schools, how it affects teaching and learning, and the factors that influence grouping decisions. They find that setting by ability is common in PE and can negatively impact students' experiences and learning opportunities depending on their perceived ability level.
Geert Driessen, Frederik Smit & Peter Sleegers (2005). Parental Involvement ...Frederik Smit
Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for the advancement of the quality of education. The ultimate objective of this is to expand the social and cognitive capacities of pupils. In addition, special attention is paid to the children of low-educated and ethnic minority parents. Various forms of both parental and school-initiated involvement are examined. On the one hand, the connections between a number of characteristics of parents and schools such as the social and ethnic background of the parents and the composition of the school population will be examined. On the other hand, the connections between a number of outcome measures such as the language and mathematics skills of the pupils will be examined. Data will be drawn from the large-scale Dutch PRIMA (primary education) cohort study, which contains information on more than 500 schools and 12,000 pupils in the last year of primary school and their parents. An important finding is that predominantly schools with numerous minority pupils appear to provide a considerable amount of extra effort with respect to parental involvement, but that a direct effect of such involvement cannot be demonstrated.
Level of influence of parental involvement on the selected tangub city nation...Elton John Embodo
This study of ours is entitled "LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON THE SELECTED TANGUB CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
This is the final version of our study, I hope it will help you.
Making Your Library Work for HomeschoolersALATechSource
This document provides information and resources for public librarians to better serve their local homeschooling communities. It discusses the growth of homeschooling in the US, common homeschooling approaches and philosophies. Practical tips are offered for libraries such as understanding state laws, collecting appropriate materials, hosting programs, and establishing relationships with local homeschooling families. The goal is to help librarians feel more comfortable supporting the needs of homeschoolers.
This document summarizes a study on parental participation in student homework in Kenya. The study found that although parents were willing to be involved, many socioeconomic factors hindered their participation, including illiteracy and low income. Homework was often incomplete or not done at all, and students were punished as a result. The lack of a clear homework policy in Kenya contributed to these issues. The study concluded that developing an inclusive homework policy that considers socioeconomic and cultural factors could help address these problems and improve student learning outcomes.
Attitude of Parents towards Inclusive Education for CWSN: A study in Kamrup D...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the attitudes of parents toward inclusive education for children with special needs (CWSN) in Kamrup District, Assam, India. The study used surveys to examine parental attitudes in 3 areas: inclusive education overall, infrastructure facilities provided in schools, and curricular aspects. Key findings include: 1) Most parents were in favor of inclusive education and felt it benefits their children's development; 2) Many parents were satisfied with teacher behavior but felt infrastructure needs improving; 3) Most wanted better teacher training and curricular flexibility. The conclusion is that inclusive education is developing in India but requires more support through improved infrastructure, teacher training, and developing positive parental attitudes.
This document discusses the history and research on summer school programs in the United States. It notes that summer school was originally used for recreation but began focusing on remediation in the 1950s. Research shows disadvantaged students experience greater learning loss over the summer. Recent increased emphasis on standardized testing and promotion standards has led more districts to use mandated summer school, but research on its effectiveness has been limited until a 2000 meta-analysis of 93 program evaluations.
EDU 7001 HOW WILL YOU FIND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COMalbert0056
This study used path analytic techniques and an ecological framework to examine the association between children’s perceptions of their parents’ educational involvement, children’s personal characteristics, and their school achievement. Fathers’ academic
Homeschool students continue to significantly outperform their public school peers according to a recent nationwide study. Homeschoolers scored an average of 34-39 percentile points higher than public school students on standardized tests, ranging from the 84th to 89th percentile. Factors like parents' education levels and family income had little impact on homeschoolers' high achievement. The study found that homeschooling success does not depend on parental certification, degree of structure, or cost of education. Homeschooling remains an effective educational option that helps all types of students succeed academically.
The document discusses the history and key laws related to special education in the United States, including the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of special education teachers and general education teachers in developing Individualized Education Programs, collaborating with families and colleagues, and advocating for students to meet their full potential.
This document discusses summer learning loss and proposes adjusting school calendars and increasing instructional time as potential solutions. It notes that students, especially those from low-income families, can lose up to a month of learning over the summer. This contributes to widening achievement gaps. Potential policy solutions discussed include summer school programs, modified calendar years with shorter breaks spread throughout the year rather than a long summer, and extended school years of 200 days or more. The document recommends that school districts implement an adjusted calendar to address summer learning loss and reduce achievement gaps, while working to eventually increase total instructional days. It provides suggestions for effective implementation, including gaining stakeholder support, offering options, and creatively funding additional programming.
Challenges Parents Face While Participating in the Education of Their Childrenpaperpublications3
This document discusses challenges that parents face in participating in their children's education. It provides background on parental participation policies in Kenya and discusses a study that investigated challenges in one region. The study found that lack of clear parental participation policies, poor parent-teacher communication, and parental illiteracy hindered involvement. It calls for programs to encourage participation and educate parents on benefits.
This document summarizes an analysis of factors influencing educational attainment in Uganda using data from the 2005/06 Uganda National Household Survey. The analysis develops three regression models to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and educational attainment. The basic model relates years of schooling to variables like parents' education, employment hours, household duties, poverty, and pregnancy. For current students, an augmented model adds variables like school costs and distance. For non-students, reasons for non-attendance like distance and school quality are examined. The analysis finds parents' education, poverty, and urban/rural residence most strongly correlate with attainment, while distance effects are inconclusive due to data limitations. Distance and school quality appear to deter non
Westfall Local School District Title 1 HandbookJD Williamson
This document provides information about the Title I program in the Westfall Local School District. It includes the mission statement, lists the Title I schools and personnel, and describes the goals and services provided by the Title I program. It also discusses parent involvement policies, including annual meetings, notifying parents of their rights, and encouraging parental assistance in planning and implementing Title I projects and activities.
Parent education and high school achievementSamira Rahmdel
This document summarizes a study that explored the relationship between parental education level and student achievement in English as a foreign language. The study administered tests of English language achievement and collected demographic data from 1352 high school students in Iran. Statistical analysis found that students whose parents had secondary education or higher scored significantly higher on the English test than students whose parents had primary education. However, there was no significant difference between students whose parents had secondary versus higher education. The results provide evidence that higher parental education levels are positively associated with higher student achievement in English as a foreign language.
Influence of home based factors on internal efficiency primary schools in bun...Alexander Decker
This study examined how home-based factors influence the internal efficiency of primary schools in Bungoma North and Kimilili-Bungoma Districts in Kenya. The study found that parental level of education, occupation, income, and the language used at home influenced pupils' academic performance. Specifically, fathers' level of education was a significant predictor of pupils' performance, with pupils' KCPE scores improving by 16.973 points with higher paternal education levels. Home-based factors accounted for 6.1% of the variation in KCPE results.
Parental involvement as a determinant of academic performance of gifted under...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the role of parental involvement in enhancing the academic performance of underachieving gifted students in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria.
2) A questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data from 100 randomly selected underachieving gifted students, ranging from ages 17-19.
3) The findings showed that there were no significant differences in academic performance between students with single vs dual parents, students whose parents live in urban vs rural areas, and students whose parents have low vs high socioeconomic status.
The document summarizes research on school-based childhood obesity interventions. It finds that interventions using social cognitive theory were most effective, especially when incorporated into teacher curricula. A study using concepts from social cognitive theory and intervention mapping with parent/teacher involvement also showed success. A gardening program had benefits but its effects on obesity require more research. The least effective intervention saw limited student change as they already understood nutrition/activity importance. While many interventions have been conducted, school-based approaches using social cognitive theory can effectively reduce obesity among youth by addressing lifestyle environment, situations, expectations, self-efficacy and control.
1) This study examined outcomes for children and mothers who participated in the Abecedarian Project, an early childhood education, healthcare, and family support program for at-risk families. Children were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions or a control group.
2) The study found positive effects of the preschool treatment conditions on cognitive development and academic achievement for children persisting into adolescence, particularly when combined with an educational support program in K-2.
3) Participation in the preschool program was also associated with greater educational and employment gains for mothers, especially teenage mothers.
Πρόγραμμα Αγωγής Υγείας - Δημοσίευση στην Εκπαιδευτική Επικαιρότητα 2013Vasiliki Papaioannou
This document describes a sex education and relationships health project that took place in a public senior high school in Larissa, Greece. Nineteen volunteer students participated in the 25-hour program led by two teachers. Questionnaires were distributed to participants at the beginning, middle, and end to assess needs, attitudes, knowledge of STDs and pregnancy, and evaluate the program. The project aimed to fill gaps in sex education in Greek schools and provide a case study for improving future programs. Implementing and evaluating similar health education programs allows Greek teachers to play an important role in adolescent sexual education.
This document is a dissertation proposal submitted by Jezriah James Krubeck to Grand Canyon University for a Doctorate of Education. The proposal explores effective communication between elementary school parents and teachers in Wyoming. The problem is that specific factors influencing effective communication are not well understood. The purpose is to explore how factors like language, frequency, and mode of communication impact parent-teacher communication. The study will use a qualitative case study approach, collecting data from focus groups and interviews at an elementary school in Cody, Wyoming. The research aims to advance understanding of communication barriers and identify ways to improve school-home relationships.
This document is a thesis from the Surigao del Sur State University in the Philippines that examines the use of modern instructional materials in teaching biology. It provides background on the need for effective science teaching using both knowledge and science processes. The study aims to understand the relationship between instructional materials used by teachers and student motivation, interest, and grades. It also examines how teacher knowledge impacts the effectiveness of instructional materials. The thesis presents a conceptual framework based on Bruner's ideas about instruction and will analyze teacher demographics, materials used, and their relationship to student outcomes and teacher effectiveness.
The document provides an overview of the key elements that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses the purpose of a research proposal is to convince others that the proposed research project is worthwhile and that the investigator has the competence and work plan to complete it. The main elements that should be included in a research proposal are an introduction section outlining the background, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, ethical considerations, time schedule and references.
This project proposal outlines a plan to reorganize the Individual Program Plan binders at a preschool for children with developmental challenges. Currently, the binders lack organization and could provide more detailed information. The proposal aims to: 1) Add divider tabs and restructure the binders into 4 clear sections for easier information access, and 2) Research additional developmental and diagnostic information to include in the binders. The phases of work include assessing needs, purchasing organization materials, creating a table of contents, labeling dividers, rearranging binder content into the new structure, and including approved research articles. The result will be binders that are better organized and provide more support and guidance to staff, volunteers, and students working with each
Making Your Library Work for HomeschoolersALATechSource
This document provides information and resources for public librarians to better serve their local homeschooling communities. It discusses the growth of homeschooling in the US, common homeschooling approaches and philosophies. Practical tips are offered for libraries such as understanding state laws, collecting appropriate materials, hosting programs, and establishing relationships with local homeschooling families. The goal is to help librarians feel more comfortable supporting the needs of homeschoolers.
This document summarizes a study on parental participation in student homework in Kenya. The study found that although parents were willing to be involved, many socioeconomic factors hindered their participation, including illiteracy and low income. Homework was often incomplete or not done at all, and students were punished as a result. The lack of a clear homework policy in Kenya contributed to these issues. The study concluded that developing an inclusive homework policy that considers socioeconomic and cultural factors could help address these problems and improve student learning outcomes.
Attitude of Parents towards Inclusive Education for CWSN: A study in Kamrup D...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the attitudes of parents toward inclusive education for children with special needs (CWSN) in Kamrup District, Assam, India. The study used surveys to examine parental attitudes in 3 areas: inclusive education overall, infrastructure facilities provided in schools, and curricular aspects. Key findings include: 1) Most parents were in favor of inclusive education and felt it benefits their children's development; 2) Many parents were satisfied with teacher behavior but felt infrastructure needs improving; 3) Most wanted better teacher training and curricular flexibility. The conclusion is that inclusive education is developing in India but requires more support through improved infrastructure, teacher training, and developing positive parental attitudes.
This document discusses the history and research on summer school programs in the United States. It notes that summer school was originally used for recreation but began focusing on remediation in the 1950s. Research shows disadvantaged students experience greater learning loss over the summer. Recent increased emphasis on standardized testing and promotion standards has led more districts to use mandated summer school, but research on its effectiveness has been limited until a 2000 meta-analysis of 93 program evaluations.
EDU 7001 HOW WILL YOU FIND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COMalbert0056
This study used path analytic techniques and an ecological framework to examine the association between children’s perceptions of their parents’ educational involvement, children’s personal characteristics, and their school achievement. Fathers’ academic
Homeschool students continue to significantly outperform their public school peers according to a recent nationwide study. Homeschoolers scored an average of 34-39 percentile points higher than public school students on standardized tests, ranging from the 84th to 89th percentile. Factors like parents' education levels and family income had little impact on homeschoolers' high achievement. The study found that homeschooling success does not depend on parental certification, degree of structure, or cost of education. Homeschooling remains an effective educational option that helps all types of students succeed academically.
The document discusses the history and key laws related to special education in the United States, including the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of special education teachers and general education teachers in developing Individualized Education Programs, collaborating with families and colleagues, and advocating for students to meet their full potential.
This document discusses summer learning loss and proposes adjusting school calendars and increasing instructional time as potential solutions. It notes that students, especially those from low-income families, can lose up to a month of learning over the summer. This contributes to widening achievement gaps. Potential policy solutions discussed include summer school programs, modified calendar years with shorter breaks spread throughout the year rather than a long summer, and extended school years of 200 days or more. The document recommends that school districts implement an adjusted calendar to address summer learning loss and reduce achievement gaps, while working to eventually increase total instructional days. It provides suggestions for effective implementation, including gaining stakeholder support, offering options, and creatively funding additional programming.
Challenges Parents Face While Participating in the Education of Their Childrenpaperpublications3
This document discusses challenges that parents face in participating in their children's education. It provides background on parental participation policies in Kenya and discusses a study that investigated challenges in one region. The study found that lack of clear parental participation policies, poor parent-teacher communication, and parental illiteracy hindered involvement. It calls for programs to encourage participation and educate parents on benefits.
This document summarizes an analysis of factors influencing educational attainment in Uganda using data from the 2005/06 Uganda National Household Survey. The analysis develops three regression models to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and educational attainment. The basic model relates years of schooling to variables like parents' education, employment hours, household duties, poverty, and pregnancy. For current students, an augmented model adds variables like school costs and distance. For non-students, reasons for non-attendance like distance and school quality are examined. The analysis finds parents' education, poverty, and urban/rural residence most strongly correlate with attainment, while distance effects are inconclusive due to data limitations. Distance and school quality appear to deter non
Westfall Local School District Title 1 HandbookJD Williamson
This document provides information about the Title I program in the Westfall Local School District. It includes the mission statement, lists the Title I schools and personnel, and describes the goals and services provided by the Title I program. It also discusses parent involvement policies, including annual meetings, notifying parents of their rights, and encouraging parental assistance in planning and implementing Title I projects and activities.
Parent education and high school achievementSamira Rahmdel
This document summarizes a study that explored the relationship between parental education level and student achievement in English as a foreign language. The study administered tests of English language achievement and collected demographic data from 1352 high school students in Iran. Statistical analysis found that students whose parents had secondary education or higher scored significantly higher on the English test than students whose parents had primary education. However, there was no significant difference between students whose parents had secondary versus higher education. The results provide evidence that higher parental education levels are positively associated with higher student achievement in English as a foreign language.
Influence of home based factors on internal efficiency primary schools in bun...Alexander Decker
This study examined how home-based factors influence the internal efficiency of primary schools in Bungoma North and Kimilili-Bungoma Districts in Kenya. The study found that parental level of education, occupation, income, and the language used at home influenced pupils' academic performance. Specifically, fathers' level of education was a significant predictor of pupils' performance, with pupils' KCPE scores improving by 16.973 points with higher paternal education levels. Home-based factors accounted for 6.1% of the variation in KCPE results.
Parental involvement as a determinant of academic performance of gifted under...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the role of parental involvement in enhancing the academic performance of underachieving gifted students in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria.
2) A questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data from 100 randomly selected underachieving gifted students, ranging from ages 17-19.
3) The findings showed that there were no significant differences in academic performance between students with single vs dual parents, students whose parents live in urban vs rural areas, and students whose parents have low vs high socioeconomic status.
The document summarizes research on school-based childhood obesity interventions. It finds that interventions using social cognitive theory were most effective, especially when incorporated into teacher curricula. A study using concepts from social cognitive theory and intervention mapping with parent/teacher involvement also showed success. A gardening program had benefits but its effects on obesity require more research. The least effective intervention saw limited student change as they already understood nutrition/activity importance. While many interventions have been conducted, school-based approaches using social cognitive theory can effectively reduce obesity among youth by addressing lifestyle environment, situations, expectations, self-efficacy and control.
1) This study examined outcomes for children and mothers who participated in the Abecedarian Project, an early childhood education, healthcare, and family support program for at-risk families. Children were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions or a control group.
2) The study found positive effects of the preschool treatment conditions on cognitive development and academic achievement for children persisting into adolescence, particularly when combined with an educational support program in K-2.
3) Participation in the preschool program was also associated with greater educational and employment gains for mothers, especially teenage mothers.
Πρόγραμμα Αγωγής Υγείας - Δημοσίευση στην Εκπαιδευτική Επικαιρότητα 2013Vasiliki Papaioannou
This document describes a sex education and relationships health project that took place in a public senior high school in Larissa, Greece. Nineteen volunteer students participated in the 25-hour program led by two teachers. Questionnaires were distributed to participants at the beginning, middle, and end to assess needs, attitudes, knowledge of STDs and pregnancy, and evaluate the program. The project aimed to fill gaps in sex education in Greek schools and provide a case study for improving future programs. Implementing and evaluating similar health education programs allows Greek teachers to play an important role in adolescent sexual education.
This document is a dissertation proposal submitted by Jezriah James Krubeck to Grand Canyon University for a Doctorate of Education. The proposal explores effective communication between elementary school parents and teachers in Wyoming. The problem is that specific factors influencing effective communication are not well understood. The purpose is to explore how factors like language, frequency, and mode of communication impact parent-teacher communication. The study will use a qualitative case study approach, collecting data from focus groups and interviews at an elementary school in Cody, Wyoming. The research aims to advance understanding of communication barriers and identify ways to improve school-home relationships.
This document is a thesis from the Surigao del Sur State University in the Philippines that examines the use of modern instructional materials in teaching biology. It provides background on the need for effective science teaching using both knowledge and science processes. The study aims to understand the relationship between instructional materials used by teachers and student motivation, interest, and grades. It also examines how teacher knowledge impacts the effectiveness of instructional materials. The thesis presents a conceptual framework based on Bruner's ideas about instruction and will analyze teacher demographics, materials used, and their relationship to student outcomes and teacher effectiveness.
The document provides an overview of the key elements that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses the purpose of a research proposal is to convince others that the proposed research project is worthwhile and that the investigator has the competence and work plan to complete it. The main elements that should be included in a research proposal are an introduction section outlining the background, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, ethical considerations, time schedule and references.
This project proposal outlines a plan to reorganize the Individual Program Plan binders at a preschool for children with developmental challenges. Currently, the binders lack organization and could provide more detailed information. The proposal aims to: 1) Add divider tabs and restructure the binders into 4 clear sections for easier information access, and 2) Research additional developmental and diagnostic information to include in the binders. The phases of work include assessing needs, purchasing organization materials, creating a table of contents, labeling dividers, rearranging binder content into the new structure, and including approved research articles. The result will be binders that are better organized and provide more support and guidance to staff, volunteers, and students working with each
Edu 626 week 6 final paper research proposalconvinala1988
This document provides instructions for a research proposal final paper assignment. It outlines the required sections of the paper, which include: a title page, abstract, introduction describing the research purpose and questions/hypotheses, a literature review summarizing related research findings and references, a methodology section describing the proposed research methods, conclusions and recommendations summarizing expected findings and implications, and a references page citing at least 10 references used. The paper must be a minimum of 10-12 pages not including the title page or references.
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of high performance management at Hewlett Packard. It will use an experimental research design to study how high performance management impacts employee commitment. The sample will include HP employees surveyed using purposive sampling. Secondary data from journals, reports and online sources will be analyzed. The study expects to conclude how high performance techniques influence workers and make recommendations.
The document is a research proposal submitted by Rajib Hossain Khan to investigate the problems and prospects of public library systems and services in Bangladesh. The proposal outlines the research questions, significance of the problem, objectives of the study, definitions of key terms, literature review conducted, proposed research design using surveys and interviews, data analysis plan, budget, anticipated results and timeline. The research aims to determine the problems faced by public libraries in Bangladesh, explore their future prospects, and propose a model to improve public library systems and services.
The document provides an outline for writing a research proposal and report. It discusses the typical elements and structure, including:
1) Elements such as the title page, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, and references.
2) Developing the proposal involves choosing a topic, formulating research questions, outlining literature, deciding on methods, and proposing timelines and resources.
3) Research proposals and reports generally have five chapters: introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, and conclusions. Each chapter contains standard sections.
This document discusses conducting a PEST analysis to evaluate the environmental suitability for developing entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. It provides background on entrepreneurship in Bangladesh historically and currently. It outlines the scope of the study, reviews relevant literature on factors influencing entrepreneurship development. This includes discussing economic and non-economic factors, the social and economic background of Bangladesh, conditions for women entrepreneurs, and problems associated with entrepreneurship development. The document proposes using PEST analysis to evaluate the political, economic, social, and technological environment in Bangladesh to identify opportunities and challenges for growing entrepreneurship.
The document discusses a presentation on job satisfaction of employees at North South University. It introduces job satisfaction as a topic in human resource management and how it depends on factors like salary, work environment, and relationship with supervisors. It then outlines research questions on the components of a satisfactory job, the impact of salary and relationships on satisfaction, and ways to increase satisfaction levels. Finally, it summarizes findings from a study at NSU that found overall low job satisfaction related to salary, relationships with supervisors, and other issues.
Astrology involves beliefs that positions of celestial objects can provide information about human affairs, while astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena outside Earth's atmosphere. The document discusses popular practices in astrology like horoscopes and zodiac signs. It notes that while some people understand astronomy studies what happens around Earth, others incorrectly think astronomy and astrology are the same or that astrologers study astronomy. The document aims to understand public awareness and beliefs regarding astrology and astronomy in Bangladesh.
This paper was presented at the Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences in Waikoloa, Hawaii, Jan. 5-8, 2009. It describes a proposal for empirical research into project management practices that determine success or failure of I.T.-intensive projects.
This research proposal aims to analyze how an HR department of a private organization works by observing its planning, recruiting, selection, and training and development processes. The study will collect data through interviews with the HR manager and discussions with the subject teacher from March 20th to May 20th to understand how the HR department is assigned and fulfills its functions.
The document proposes a "slum networking" approach to infrastructure development in Kibera, Kenya's largest informal settlement. It involves integrating basic services like water, sewer, drainage and roads by following natural topographical features and drainage paths. This would exploit nature's gradient routes and link slums. The proposal identifies Ngong River, drainage networks and transportation routes in Kibera and divides the area into sectors for phased development, starting with clearing drainage channels, introducing parks and roads, and eventually replacing slum housing with higher density, mixed-use buildings to improve living conditions. Lessons from a similar project in India suggest participatory planning and leveraging natural resources are effective for upgrading slums.
This research proposal aims to study the effect of active ingredients from Solanum torvum (Devil's fig) for treating malignant melanoma cells. The researcher plans to produce extracts from the plant's roots, leaves, and fruits to test for components that can replace chemotherapy and reduce side effects. A Mosaic Blue Assay technique will be used to test the extracts on cultured melanoma cells in a controlled environment over 4 days. The results will measure cell growth to identify the most effective extract in reducing cancer cell proliferation. If an extract stops or reduces cell growth by at least 1%, it may help treat patients.
This document summarizes an article about the pros and cons of social media. It discusses how social media can enable organizing and supporting causes more easily through hashtags and donations. However, it also notes social media allows for easier identity fraud as seen in the Manti Te'o case. The document also explores how social media can be positive for hospitals in marketing and answering patient questions, but some argue it can be negatively addicting for users always checking updates. Overall, the document covers both benefits and concerns social media presents for society.
Researchers studying chromosomal loss in aneuploid C. elegans currently lack a cost-effective way to distinguish homologous chromosomes from different strains. This document proposes using insertions and deletions (indels) to create size polymorphisms in amplified sequences from different strains, which can be detected through gel electrophoresis. The researchers identified six strain pairs with at least two regions on each chromosome containing significant size differences. Initial laboratory validation of one such region in one strain pair supported this method. Further results are pending, but current findings indicate amplicon size polymorphisms provide a viable, low-cost means of distinguishing homologous chromosomes in C. elegans and potentially other organisms.
The document outlines the rhetorical situation for a research paper arguing that while technology can help in education, it may also be hurting the new generation. The paper takes an argumentative stance, agreeing with the old generation's view that technology is harming youth, and aims to convince its audience of readers interested in education that technology is not entirely beneficial. It will be in MLA format and printed.
The document discusses the debate around regulating journalists' free speech. It presents arguments on both sides of the issue. Regulations could prevent false reporting but may also give governments too much control over information and endanger journalists investigating abroad. The document also considers the benefits of free speech, like giving citizens access to diverse information and opinions. Overall, it examines the complex tradeoffs around this issue with reasonable points on both regulating and upholding free speech for journalists.
Les réseaux sociaux face au développement urbain dans les PVD : les pratiques...Sylvain Maire
Les pays en voie de développement (PVD), et plus encore les quartiers informels de leurs villes en pleine urbanisation, semblent encore loin des usages que nous promettent la ville2.0 et ses réseaux. C’est bien plus l’accès aux réseaux urbains (eau, assainissement, transport, déchets, etc.) qui a du sens dans ce contexte. Mais dans les faits, les réseaux numériques sont utilisés pour pallier à l’absence de services publics et urbains. Envoyer un sms pour collecter les déchets ou créer une base de données locale pour permettre l’adressage, tels sont les usages que l’on peut retrouver dans la favela2.0. Que ce soit pour la gestion de crise, la mise en place de conseils de quartier et plus globalement la coproduction des services urbains de la ville informelle, les pratiques collaboratives et les réseaux sociaux vont devenir un moyen d’action et de création de services publics.
History of Dell Computers - Senior Project Reseach Papermeiners853
1) Michael Dell started Dell Computers in 1984 at age 19 by building and selling IBM compatible computers from his dorm room at the University of Texas.
2) Dell eliminated middlemen and offered highly customizable and affordable PCs, becoming hugely successful and one of the youngest CEOs of a Fortune 500 company.
3) While Dell struggled initially to meet demand, it innovated by offering national customer support and customization. However, it faced issues like a laptop catching fire in 2006 and accusations of selling faulty PCs without recalls in 2007.
This is a Trident University course (MAE506), Module 1 Case, Elementary and Secondary Education Act: No Child Left Behind. It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
The document summarizes a research proposal that aims to determine the factors affecting grade 11 students' preferences for senior high school tracks at Gumaca National High School for the 2022-2023 school year. The study will survey students to understand how their personality, family, school, and goals influence their decisions. It provides context on the Philippine education system and reviews related literature on the K-12 program and students' track selections. The methodology describes the descriptive research design, data collection through questionnaires, and statistical analysis plan to analyze responses.
Home Environment and Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in t...ijtsrd
The study focused on the home environment that affects academic performance of the junior high school students. This was conducted among junior high school students in the first District of Northern Samar. This was conducted within the third quarter of the school year 2018 2019. Findings showed that more than one half of the parents have no time in helping their children in their academic activities. In terms of family income, majority of the students belong to the families whose income is less than Php10,000. In terms of the school environment, results showed that students find it not supportive to their learning. The time devoted by the mother and father to their children, the number of siblings, peer behaviour and teacher behaviour significantly correlated student’s academic performance. The findings of this study will serve as an input in improving the learning environment of the students to improve their academic performance. Melagrosa U. Saludaga-de Asis "Home Environment and Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in the First District of Northern Samar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47957.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47957/home-environment-and-academic-performance-of-junior-high-school-students-in-the-first-district-of-northern-samar/melagrosa-u-saludagade-asis
Influence of Home and School Based Factors on Pupils Academic Performance at ...ijtsrd
"The aim of primary education is to provide education at the basic level of all ongoing primary school pupils. This study was carried out to investigate influence of home and school based factors on pupil's academic performers at Kenya certificate of primary education in Makadara sub county, Nairobi County. The study adopted the ex post facto design which involved the studies that investigate possible causes and effects by observing an existing condition and searching back in time for possible causal factors. It involved testing out possible antecedents of events that had happened and cannot be manipulated by the investigator. The study sampled 240 teachers, 39 Parents Association members and 150 pupils from class 6 and 7. The data collection instruments comprised of questionnaires and interview guide. Data collected was categorized, coded, analyzed then tabulated. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The analysis was both qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative analysis considered use of frequency counts and distribution, tabulation totals and calculation of percentages aimed at generating the data collected into meaningful groups and frequency tables for further analysis. Qualitative analysis involved the conclusions from the respondents' opinions. The study established that most parents had a college educational level, majority of the teachers were female whereas majority of the students were males. It also established that parental level of income influenced pupils' performance in KCPE at 60 s. Physical facilities and teaching and learning resources were also cited as factors that highly influence performances. The researcher recommended that the parents should provide a conducive learning environment at home to give the pupils ample time and space to study. Parents ought to strive to provide the basic required learning materials that are vital for a good performance in the KCPE exam irrespective of their level of income. The government should endeavor to allocate funds to be used for improving on the existing teaching and learning resources in public primary schools while adding more. The government should allocate enough funds that will enable provision of key physical learning facilities. Prof. Lewis Ngesu | Awuonda Faith Atieno ""Influence of Home and School Based Factors on Pupils Academic Performance at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education in Makadara Sub-County, Nairobi County"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21607.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/21607/influence-of-home-and-school-based-factors-on-pupils-academic-performance-at-kenya-certificate-of-primary-education-in-makadara-sub-county-nairobi-county/prof-lewis-ngesu"
Jones fayettevvile principals and counselors perceptions of freshmen academy ...William Kritsonis
This study explored the perceptions of North Carolina freshmen academy principals and counselors regarding social and educational issues impacting student academic success. The researchers conducted a survey of 103 principals and 103 counselors. Two key themes emerged from their responses: (1) the need for a student-centered environment within the academy and (2) beliefs that the academy model could lead to improved student outcomes. Respondents identified challenges such as high teacher turnover, a lack of respect from the regular high school staff, and insufficient parental involvement. Prior to implementing the academies, schools commonly faced issues like high absenteeism, discipline problems, and low student performance among ninth-graders. The study provided insights into freshmen transition programs from
This document discusses a proposed study on the perceptions of students, parents, and teachers at St. Scholastica's Academy of Marikina High School regarding a 12-year schooling system in the Philippines. The study aims to understand how socioeconomic factors, time utilization, and curriculum may impact perceptions of the proposal. It also seeks to determine the implications for learning and significance for Philippine education development. The conceptual framework outlines how the study will assess perceptions, standards, and the implication or rejection of the 12-year plan.
Yager, robert the development of science teacher programs focus v8 n1 2014William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
The document discusses the debate around year-round schooling versus the traditional summer break schedule. While year-round schooling may help students retain information better and reduce the summer learning loss, it could increase workload for teachers and interfere with student jobs and family vacations during the summer. There are arguments on both sides, and more research is still needed to determine the overall impacts.
This document discusses the components of a Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP). It covers 5 lessons: 1) a healthy and safe school environment, 2) family and community involvement, 3) health promotion for staff, 4) counseling and support services, and 5) physical education. A healthy school environment addresses physical conditions like noise, lighting and protects occupants from threats. It is important to involve families and the community to support student health and academic achievement. Health promotion programs can educate staff on nutrition, fitness, stress management and disease prevention. Counseling and support services help students' mental, emotional and social health through assessments, interventions and referrals. Physical education assists students in achieving lifelong participation in physical activity through a planned
The document discusses a study on the Gulayan sa Paaralan (school vegetable garden) program in Tingloy Central School in the Philippines. It provides background on the program and its goals of promoting food security, nutrition, and sustainable resource use. The study aims to examine the program's impacts on the economy, society, and environment. It will assess perceptions of students, parents, and teachers. The researcher hopes the study can help strengthen the program and identify sustainable solutions. Statistical tools like surveys, frequency analysis, and chi-square tests will be used to analyze data on perceptions and relationships between variables.
The document discusses curriculum leadership and 21st century learning methods. It summarizes research showing that while U.S. student performance on standardized tests is high, they struggle with real-world problem solving. Initiatives like No Child Left Behind and programs assessing skills like PISA aimed to improve skills, but funding limited ability to fully incorporate 21st century testing. Challenges included adequately supporting diverse learners under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
This document reviews the literature on out of school care. It defines out of school care broadly as care for school-aged children outside standard school hours, which can be subdivided into care-focused provision and study support. Care-focused provision typically offers a range of play activities, while study support aims to further academic achievement through activities like homework clubs and summer schools. The document examines definitions, providers, users, benefits, and implications based on research from the UK, Europe, and the US. It finds that while out of school care enables parental employment, more rigorous research is still needed on its benefits and quality.
Influence of School Rules' Formulation on Students' Discipline in Public Seco...inventionjournals
Since independence, the Kenyan Government's desire has been to ensure quality education. However, learning institutions have been plagued with cases of students’ unrest and indiscipline which mitigate against quality education. In spite of the existence of school rules, many secondary schools are reporting a wide range of potentially disruptive behaviors in the classrooms and around the schools. This study sought to investigate the influence of school rules' formulation on students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. It was guided by four research objectives which were: to determine the influence of students' involvement in the process of formulating school rules on their discipline, to find out whether students know all their school rules and the influence on their discipline, to establish whether students like their school rules and the influence on their discipline and to determine the influence of shared goals and plans on students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. The study targeted 324 principals, 3,865 teachers and 97,200 students in public secondary schools in Makueni County, and employed descriptive survey design. The sample size of the study, which was obtained by stratified and simple random sampling procedures, was 100 principals, 387 teachers and 398 students who participated in the study. Questionnaire, interview guide and observation schedule research instruments were utilized for the study. Test-retest technique of reliability was used to affirm the reliability of the instruments. The reliability coefficient of the instruments was 0.675 for questionnaire for students and 0.748 for questionnaire for the teachers. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in frequency tables. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypothesis. From the data analysis, it was found out that the processes of formulation of school rules and regulations had significant positive relationship at r=+0.612, p=0.030 with levels of students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. The researcher recommended that principals in public secondary school in Makueni County should actively involve students in the process of formulation of school rules and regulations, so as to enhance students’ discipline
Influence of School Rules' Formulation on Students' Discipline in Public Seco...inventionjournals
Since independence, the Kenyan Government's desire has been to ensure quality education. However, learning institutions have been plagued with cases of students’ unrest and indiscipline which mitigate against quality education. In spite of the existence of school rules, many secondary schools are reporting a wide range of potentially disruptive behaviors in the classrooms and around the schools. This study sought to investigate the influence of school rules' formulation on students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. It was guided by four research objectives which were: to determine the influence of students' involvement in the process of formulating school rules on their discipline, to find out whether students know all their school rules and the influence on their discipline, to establish whether students like their school rules and the influence on their discipline and to determine the influence of shared goals and plans on students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. The study targeted 324 principals, 3,865 teachers and 97,200 students in public secondary schools in Makueni County, and employed descriptive survey design. The sample size of the study, which was obtained by stratified and simple random sampling procedures, was 100 principals, 387 teachers and 398 students who participated in the study. Questionnaire, interview guide and observation schedule research instruments were utilized for the study. Test-retest technique of reliability was used to affirm the reliability of the instruments. The reliability coefficient of the instruments was 0.675 for questionnaire for students and 0.748 for questionnaire for the teachers. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in frequency tables. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypothesis. From the data analysis, it was found out that the processes of formulation of school rules and regulations had significant positive relationship at r=+0.612, p=0.030 with levels of students' discipline in public secondary schools in Makueni County. The researcher recommended that principals in public secondary school in Makueni County should actively involve students in the process of formulation of school rules and regulations, so as to enhance students’ discipline.
This document provides background information and context for a study on the level of influence of family-related factors on students' academic performance. It discusses how parental involvement is important for children's success in school. The study will focus on 4th year students in the Sports curriculum and Science curriculum at Tangub City National High School. The theoretical framework discusses how social cognitive theory and previous research have shown parental involvement contributes to academic achievement. The research methodology section outlines the descriptive research design that will be used to determine differences in influence based on sex and curriculum.
Academic Stress in Relation to Academic Performance of High School Students i...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aimed to determine the academic stress in relation to academic performance of high
school students in the new normal education. The researcher utilized the descriptive research design
withquestionnaire as the instrument in gathering data from the 392 students who were randomly selected.
Statistical analysis shows that the assessment on academic stress was ―Moderately Stressful‖ and on
well-being was ―Sometimes‖. The academic performance the students was rated ―Very Satisfactory‖. There is
significant difference on sex towards academic undertaking and parental pressure while significant on age
towards academic undertaking. There is significant difference according to learning modality on emotional,
social, intellectual and spiritual well-being; significant on sex towards physical well-being and grade level
towards intellectual well-being. There is negligible correlation between the level of academic stress and
academic performance and positive slight correlation between the well-being and academic performance.
It is recommended thatparents are encouraged not to force children to have good academic
performance. Need to assessed and understand the intellectual ability of the children. Students are encouraged to
participate in activities promoting health, social, and spiritual wellness and further study be conducted on the
design of a curriculum which optimizes the balance between the ‗push‘ factors bringing out the students,
maintaining standards, etc.), and inducing undue and unproductive stress.
Outcome-based education (OBE) proposes shifting the focus of schools from content to students and their mastery of predetermined outcomes. Supporters argue it will ensure all students succeed, but critics fear it could undermine parental authority by promoting political agendas. OBE would dramatically change curriculum, instruction, assessment, and views of education. While the concept seems reasonable, determining transformational outcomes that shape students' values and worldviews has generated significant controversy.
Outcome-based education (OBE) aims to shift the focus of schools from content to students and their mastery of predetermined outcomes. Proponents argue it will ensure all students succeed, build on each success, and allow schools to control conditions of success by customizing education to each student's abilities. However, critics fear it could undermine academic rigor and parental authority by prioritizing attitudes and behaviors over knowledge and giving schools control over defining student outcomes. Implementing transformational OBE, with abstract outcomes like being collaborative workers, may especially promote political agendas in conflict with parents' values. Overall, OBE remains controversial due to questions around its effectiveness and influence on curriculum and students.
During the 2016 school year, the PCTI Crisis Response Team presented "Digital Footprints" throughout the Passaic County community. The presentatins were given in the vening in churches, town halls, and schools. Our purpose was to generate discussions between parents and students about what a digital footprint is and how students and parents can manage their social media presence.
Each summer, we host a four-day orientation for all new faculty and administrators. This presentation is given throughout the four days. Topics include Culutre, Law, Policy, Discipline, and Mentoring.
The document discusses digital footprints and social media. It was presented by the Crisis Response Team at Passaic County Technical Institute. The team monitors crises trends in schools and works with parents, faculty and students. The presentation covers what social media is, what a digital footprint is, how parents can view their child's footprint and how to talk to children about managing their footprint. It emphasizes that social media is here to stay and parents need to guide children on responsible use.
The proposed regulations aim to establish an effective evaluation system for teachers and principals as required by the TEACHNJ Act. Key elements include evaluating teacher practice based on observations and incorporating multiple measures of student growth, including standardized test scores and locally-calculated student learning objectives. Principal evaluations will similarly include measures of student growth and school environment. The regulations provide frameworks for teacher and principal practice protocols and require districts to develop evaluation policies aligned with the law.
The document discusses the Progressive Science Initiative (PSI), a program begun 10 years ago at Bergen Tech - Teterboro High School in New Jersey. PSI aims to improve math and science achievement by aligning curriculum vertically to AP standards. Key elements include requiring all students to take college-level science courses in sequence from Physics to Biology. Teachers collaborate closely to develop shared lessons and assessments. PSI has successfully increased student achievement in science and participation in AP exams without increasing resources. The initiative seeks to expand this model to more schools by training new teachers in the PSI method.
The document discusses Jerome Bruner's constructivist learning theory, which posits that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based upon their current and past knowledge. It emphasizes that learning should involve exploring large concepts, inquiry-based learning, and making connections between ideas. According to constructivism, knowledge is temporary, culturally mediated, and developed through language. The roles of the teacher involve posing problems, structuring learning around core concepts, seeking student perspectives, and adapting instruction based on student understanding.
The document summarizes the work and philosophy of Carol Ann Tomlinson, a theorist and former educator who developed the concept of differentiated instruction. Some key points of her philosophy include that students learn in different ways and at different paces, so instruction should be tailored to individual student needs, interests, and learning styles. Teachers can differentiate content, instructional process, and products. The central goal of schools should be to maximize the learning potential of each student.
The document discusses William Chandler Bagley and his views on essentialism in education. Bagley believed in a teacher-centered, top-down approach to curriculum design focused on meeting the current needs of society. He felt adults should direct learning and the curriculum should avoid elements done only for their own sake. Bagley's essentialism philosophy was a response to extremism in the progressive education movement and found some agreement with Dewey's views on building society, while avoiding extreme positions.
Paulo Freire was a Brazilian educator who developed a pedagogy focused on empowering oppressed peoples through problem-posing education. He opposed the "banking" model where teachers deposit knowledge into students. Instead, he advocated for dialogue between teachers and students to investigate problems and work towards social change, with the goal of liberation for the oppressed.
The document discusses the principles of backward design in assessment proposed by Grant Wiggins. It advocates that assessments should directly examine students' performance on meaningful intellectual tasks that require higher-level thinking and application of knowledge to real-world contexts. Students should be given assignments that are thought-provoking, allow for revision with examples and feedback, and teachers should provide timely feedback. Teaching fewer important topics in depth over time leads to smaller achievement gaps compared to teaching many topics superficially.
Covey outlines a model of principle-centered leadership practiced on personal, interpersonal, managerial, and organizational levels. Principle-centered leaders have integrity, maturity, an abundance mentality, and gain followers through principled power rather than fear or self-interest. Covey believes modern organizations suffer from a lack of vision, direction, trust and integrity. He proposes principle-centered leadership as a new paradigm that recognizes employees' desire for meaningful work. The author has tried to apply this approach but has found many leaders rely on coercive power instead of inspiring principled followership.
Michael Parent explores his leadership style through various personality tests and reflections on influential leaders. He identifies with quiet, principled leaders who lead from strong core values rather than ambition. As a Catholic school principal, he approaches his role as a mission to help students in need. He practices humility in leadership, admitting weaknesses and valuing staff input, in order to serve rather than dictate. Blogging helps him reflect on decisions and communicate transparently with parents and colleagues. With self-awareness of limitations and an evolving leadership approach, he feels liberated to focus on growth.
The document provides legal advice to a school superintendent regarding several issues:
1) Enrolling five special needs students without consulting the law was a violation, and the district is responsible for their education costs unless parents agree otherwise.
2) An ADA accommodation must be made for a teacher with a disability, but their condition may impose an undue hardship, so an alternative position should be found.
3) Teachers publicly protesting a board decision is protected free speech and cannot be disciplined.
4) A teacher search of a student violated their civil rights, and grounds for termination or lawsuit exist. Immediate termination proceedings should begin.
This document summarizes the results of a leadership orientations questionnaire comparing the leadership styles of the author and another leader. Both build collaborative relationships and are participative, but the author is more receptive to others' ideas. Their strengths differ, with the author focusing more on vision, relationships, and imagination, while the other leader focuses on analysis, negotiation, and decision-making. They are both effective managers but only moderately effective leaders, lacking skills in goal-setting and accountability.
The document discusses two theories of organizational structure - the human resources theory and the political frame theory - and their impact on education. The human resources theory focuses on meeting human needs and sees teachers and students as self-directed individuals. Embracing this theory has improved instruction through professional development and empowering teachers and students. However, the political frame theory highlights competition over limited resources and diverging interests within an organization. This has hindered education due to inadequate funding and teachers unions prioritizing their interests over student achievement.
This document provides a critical review of Maher's article "What Really Happens in Cohorts". The review examines Maher's methodology, credibility, and findings. It finds Maher's study to be lacking in its use of only interviews and observations for data collection. The review also notes Maher provided little information about herself as the researcher. However, it acknowledges Maher's conclusions about the benefits and challenges of cohort learning are supported by other research studies on the topic.
The document summarizes several influential leadership and change theories that have shaped the author's approach to administration. It discusses Bolman and Deal's four frames for viewing organizations, as well as theories by Helgesen, Hofstede, French and Raven, Fullan, and Goleman. The author argues that effective leadership requires understanding these theories, having a moral purpose, building relationships, and guiding meaningful change through application of the various leadership styles and frameworks.
This document contains Michael Parent's answers to 4 questions on a final exam for an ELMP course. The questions assess understanding of key statistical concepts like correlation coefficients, hypotheses testing, and interpreting statistical significance. Michael provides well-explained responses to each question, demonstrating knowledge of how to state hypotheses, perform calculations, make decisions, and draw conclusions based on statistical analyses.
The document is a reflection paper on the article "Do You Have the Will to Lead?" by LaBarre. It discusses two key points from philosopher Peter Koestenbaum's interview. First, that reflection can generate inner toughness in leaders rather than take away from decisiveness. Second, that when problems arise leaders should change their habits of thought rather than demand more of the same. The author reflects on applying these lessons as an education leader, focusing on modeling change rather than demanding it.
This document contains a summary of a school's culture and areas for improvement based on an assessment. It finds that the school has positive structures like teacher decision making, clear goals, and parent involvement. However, it identifies areas like a lack of collaboration between teachers, bored students, rows of seating hindering cooperation, lack of student representation on committees, and teacher-centered instruction. It also notes differences in projects between disciplines and a need for curriculum mapping and alignment. Minority and special education student scores were below average. The curriculum appears disconnected between subjects with no evidence it aligns with the school's philosophy, despite being reviewed regularly.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
1. Research Proposal 1
Running head: YEAR ROUND EDUCATION
The Familial Impact of Year Round Education on Kindergarten Students and Parents of a
Kentucky Primary School
Michael Parent
Cohort XI
Seton Hall University
ELMP 8891
2. Research Proposal 2
CHAPTER I
Introduction
In 1984 the National Commission on Excellence in Education (NCEE) released A
Nation At Risk. This scathing report on the condition of American schools startled
Americans and triggered the modern movements in education policy. A Nation At Risk
deemed the current state of education as in need of serious reform. Subsequently, the
NCEE made a litany of proposals and recommendations for changes to the American
educational system. One proposed change was to increase the time students spend in
school; the NCEE recommended that the actual school year be extended from 180 days to
near 220. However, many schools instead opted to amend their traditional 180 calendars,
rather than face the exponential costs of extending the school year.
Modifications to the traditional school calendar typically take the form of either
year-round school or extended school year programs. In most cases, year-round
education (YRE) does not actually increase the amount of structured learning
opportunities available to students. Rather, students attend schools for the same number
of days as they did with the traditional calendar; however, vacations are distributed
equally throughout the calendar year every six or nine weeks. Between 1985 and 1992,
the number of YRE schools grew from 336 to 2,017 (Worthen & Zsiray, 1994).
However, this expansion of YRE has not occurred without much debate.
Proponents of YRE will say that the modified school calendar enhances learning,
sustains student learning, and assists low-achieving students (Glines, 1997). Dissidents
of the twelve month school calendar claim that school systems cannot afford the demands
3. Research Proposal 3
that will be required, such as potential increases on schools’ infrastructural costs and
increases on fuel and transportation costs (Johnson and Spradlin, 2007). Furthermore,
opponents say that a twelve-month school calendar would cause disruption to the family
environment and have a negative impact on economies that rely on summer season
tourism and travel. Despite the criticisms and warnings, many school districts across the
nation have experimented with YRE. Research on the effectiveness of this intervention is
emerging and suggestive of generally positive effects. (Cooper, 2002). Some school
districts, particularly those that are large and urban, have found success with YRE and
others, smaller and more rural, have encountered great difficulty (Johnson and Spradlin,
2007).
Statement of the Problem
Bardstown City School District, located in western Kentucky, adopted a YRE
calendar in 1995. Since then, the school district reports a steady rise in student’s
achievement scores (as measured by the Kentucky Core Content Test) and improvement
in other areas, such as attendance and discipline. However, no data exists on the impact
of YRE in regards to parent perceptions, particularly in the primary grades, in the area of
YRE’s impact on quality of family life. What type of impact does Bardstown Primary
year-round schedule have on families? Also, what are the perceptions of the quality of
learning taking place at Bardstown Primary as a result of YRE?
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine parental perceptions of YRE in relation
to quality of family leisure time and their child’s learning.
Significance of the Study
4. Research Proposal 4
In this study, I will present an empirical analysis of the impact that YRE has on
Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents in relation to family leisure time and
their child’s learning. This data can assist districts or schools who are considering
implementing YRE in the primary grades and will bring to light the impact and likely
consequences of implementing a YRE model.
Research Questions
1. What are Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents’ preconceived
perceptions of YRE as related to quality of learning?
2. What are Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents’ preconceived
perceptions of YRE as related to quality of family life?
3. What are Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents’ perceptions of YRE as
related to quality of learning after one year’s experience?
4. What are Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents’ perceptions of YRE as
related to quality of family life after one year of experience?
Limitations
1. The number of surveys returned by parents may limit the data obtained for use.
2. The results obtained from this study may not be generalized to other school
populations.
Delimitations
1. This study will be limited to 50 of Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten parents.
The subjects will be randomly selected from the Bardstown Primary School’s
enrollment listing.
Definitions
5. Research Proposal 5
Year-Round-Education (YRE) – A modification of the traditional nine month, 180
day school calendar. The year-round calendar is organized into instructional periods and
vacation weeks that are more evenly balanced across 12 months.
Outline of Study
1. Randomly select parents from Bardstown Primary School’s Kindergarten student
enrollment roster. Fifty randomly selected Kindergarten parents will be asked to
participate in this study.
2. The group will be asked to complete pre and post questionnaires.
3. The selected Kindergarten parents will complete a survey based on their attitudes
about YRE, prior to the beginning of the school year, and a second survey that
measures their attitudes about YRE after 40 weeks of experiences with the YRE
calendar.
Conceptual Framework
Family Life
YRE
Quality of
Learning
6. Research Proposal 6
CHAPTER II
Literature Review
The birth of YRE
The 180-day school calendar is a recent development in the life of American
education. Most writings and research on the subject of school calendars indicate that the
now familiar, indeed “normal”, 180-day schedule has only been widely practiced in
American educational systems since World War I. Prior to this time, many of America’s
largest school districts (i.e. New York, Chicago, Boston) constructed school calendars
that neared 210 instructional days (Rakoff, 1999). However, after World War I, the
lifestyle of the American family changed drastically.
In the 1920’s, American legislatures stressed the importance of compulsory
education. States across the nation began to adopt legislation that required children from
ages 7 to 14 to attend local public schools on a regular basis – something that had not
been part of American educational design prior to World War I. These compulsory
education laws were often enacted with child labor laws. Thus, school became the work
for children, rather than the factory.
But why a calendar that excludes learning during the summer months? Rakoff
(1999) indicates that this norm is quite likely a result of economics. What is the public
willing to pay for an extended school year? What are the costs of operating large school
facilities during the summer months? What would it cost taxpayers to pay for the
continuous use of local school facilities? The answers to these questions will likely give
us the reason for the widely accepted, indeed almost universal (in America), “normal”
calendar.
7. Research Proposal 7
Does this “learning-less summer” calendar reflect the needs of modern America? Many
think not. Those who aim to improve or change the “normal” calendar argue that our
current practices are of extreme detriment to our students and that alternatives must be
sought and adopted.
One alternative to the normal calendar is the concept of year-round-education
(YRE). Modifications to the traditional school calendar typically take the form of either
year-round school or extended school year programs. In most cases, year-round
schooling does not actually increase the amount of structured learning opportunities
available to students. Rather, students attend schools for the same number of days as
they did with the traditional calendar; however, vacations are distributed equally
throughout the calendar year every six or nine weeks. Research on the effectiveness of
this intervention is emerging and suggestive of generally positive effects (Cooper, 2002).
YRE’s cost effective appeal launched various programs in the early part of the 20th
century. The population boom after World War II caused programming initiatives to
shift to accommodating the increase of students to public education (Glines, 1997).
However YRE remains an viable option to address the modern day needs of the
American family and accountability system measures imposed by NCLB.
Researchers in the 1994 report, Prisoners of Time, from the National Education
Commission on Time and Learning suggested that public education leaders must re-
examine time issues and the real “limitations…imposed” by the clock. Their
recommendations included more innovative program initiatives to “accommodate the
learning needs of American students.” Further conclusions cited the wasteful approach to
educating students where buildings remain closed and families are not supported by
8. Research Proposal 8
school programming throughout the year to affect student achievement.
Summer Learning Loss
There are few issues facing education policymakers today that are as well
documented by social scientists as summer learning loss. Since 1906, researchers have
studied the effects of summer vacation on student learning. Cooper (1996) and others
identified 39 studies involving a wide range of experimental designs and methods that
demonstrate what social scientists describe as “summer effect,” “summer learning loss,”
or “summer setback.” The common finding across all of these studies is that students
generally score lower on standardized tests at the end of the summer than they do on the
same tests at the beginning of the summer. Recent studies estimate that summer loss for
all students equals about one month on a grade-level equivalent scale (Cooper, 1996). All
students experience significant learning loss in mathematical computation as a result of
summer vacation.
For far too many young people, summer vacation results in a three-month holiday
from constructive learning activities and valuable opportunities to practice the skills they
need to be successful in school and in life. Research demonstrates that all students
experience significant learning losses in procedural and factual knowledge during the
summer months. Studies also show that the magnitude of summer learning loss varies
significantly by grade level, subject matter, and family income. Most importantly,
research identifies the cumulative effect of summer learning differences as a primary
cause of widening in-school achievement gaps between students by family income.
On average, all students lose approximately 2.6 months of grade level
equivalency in mathematical computation over the summer months (Cooper, 1996).
9. Research Proposal 9
Studies reveal that the greatest areas of loss for all students, regardless of socio-economic
status, lie in factual or procedural knowledge during the summer months. Cooper (2000)
estimates that such summer school programs, which focus on lessening or removing
learning deficiencies, do have a significant positive impact on the knowledge and skills of
participants.
While remedial programs generally do produce single-summer results in the form
of improved test scores and promotion rates, they are not designed to serve as long-range
preventative approaches to summer learning loss. YRE programs have been adopted as
the viable and most logical remedy to overcome summer learning loss.
The YRE Problem
While YRE has become a popular alternative to the normal school calendar in order
to combat summer learning loss, there are questions about the impact of YRE on families
and children. Rakoff (1999) notes that some districts who ponder changing to a YRE
system face opposition by parents and community groups because of the unknown effects
that YRE has on family time and child development.
Traditionally, families spend the summer months vacationing and reconnecting.
Parents often use their allotted vacation times during the summer months so that they can
spend great quantities of time with their children. Many families also use the summer
months to send their children to camps, volunteer projects, or social-educational
programs. Research indicates that these are viable learning opportunities for children,
although not academic. Athletic programs, camps, and summer programs offer children
and families the chance to learn what cannot be taught in schools; community building,
volunteerism, and religious exploration. Thus, YRE hinders the American family from
10. Research Proposal 10
necessary and crucial bonding opportunities.
Some research also indicates that YRE does not dramatically improve the quality or
quantity of learning. McMillen (2001) notes that while YRE does seem to offer a remedy
to summer learning loss, no conclusive research exists to deem YRE as a panacea to
overall improvement of learning or knowledge retention.
11. Research Proposal 11
CHAPTER III
Methodology
This descriptive study will utilize a quantitative methodology: pre and post school-
year surveys designed to compare parents’ preconceptions of YRE with their actual
experiences with the YRE calendar.
Sampling
Bardstown Primary School has approximately 385 students in grades K-2. The
school has been on an alternative YRE calendar for the past eleven years with short
breaks, or intercessions. During the 2007-2008 school year, Bardstown Primary will hold
177 instructional days over 12 months.
Because the Kindergarten students (totaling 124) and parents are new to the school
and the district, their experience with YRE has been non-existent. A random sample of
fifty Kindergarten parents will be asked to participate in this study.
Instrumentation
The YRE perceptions process will consist pre and post school-year questionnaires
comparing parents’ preconceptions of YRE and their actual experiences with YRE. The
surveys will attempt to gauge the participant’s attitudes and perception about the quality
of learning and the impact on family leisure time as a result of the school’s YRE
calendar. Pre-existing valid and reliable instruments used in previous studies will be
obtained and utilized for this study.
Data Collection
The fifty Kindergarten parents will complete two surveys on August 1 (the
beginning of the school calendar year) regarding their preconceived attitudes toward
12. Research Proposal 12
YRE with respect to (1) anticipated quality of learning and (2) anticipated difficulties
with quality of family life. After the surveys are collected, this researcher will
summarize the results and prepare a report for the participating parents.
At the conclusion of the school year (July 1), this researcher will again survey the
selected parents to measure their attitudes toward YRE with respect to (1) actual quality
of learning and (2) actual difficulties with quality of family life after they have had
experienced the full calendar cycle. After the parent surveys are collected, this researcher
will summarize the results and prepare a report for the school district.
Data Collection
Evaluation Questions Data Sources Data Collection Techniques
What are Bardstown Primary Randomly selected parents of Quality of learning questionnaire.
School’s Kindergarten parents’ Kindergarten students
preconceived perceptions of YRE
as related to quality of learning?
What are Bardstown Primary Randomly selected parents of Family-life questionnaire
School’s Kindergarten parents’ Kindergarten students
preconceived perceptions of YRE
as related to quality of family
life?
What are Bardstown Primary Randomly selected parents of Quality of learning questionnaire.
School’s Kindergarten parents’ Kindergarten students
perceptions of YRE as related to
quality of learning after one
year’s experience?
What are Bardstown Primary Randomly selected parents of Family-life questionnaire
School’s Kindergarten parents’ Kindergarten students
perceptions of YRE as related to
quality of family life after one
year of experience?
Data Analysis
The null hypothesis (Ho): Bardstown Primary’s YRE calendar will not have a
significantly negative or positive effect on family life and will not significantly impact
13. Research Proposal 13
the perceived quality of learning in Kindergarten. A comparison of the pre-school year
surveys and the post-school year surveys will be made conducting a frequency
distribution to determine the number of times parents responded agree or disagree on
their questionnaires. A paired t-test might be conducted to summarize the data. Since the
population sample size will be small, a Wilcoxon T-Test may be used to determine the
difference between the pre-school year survey and post-school year survey scores: T =
the smaller of R+ or R-.
Hypothesis (H1): The YRE calendar will have a significantly negative or positive
impact on family leisure time and will have a significant positive or negative impact on
the quality of learning as evaluated by parents. The researcher will consult with a
statistical authority to determine the appropriateness of these tests and the possibility of
including additional and or alternative testing methods.
14. Research Proposal 14
References
Alexander, K.L., & Entwisle, D.R. (1996). Schools and children at risk. In A. Booth, &
J.F. Dunn (Eds.). Family-school links: How do they affect educational outcomes?
(pp. 67-89). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Axelrad-Lentz, S., Michigan Extended School Year Programs 1992 - 1995 - An
Evaluation of a State Grant Initiative, (Feb, 1996). Michigan State Dept. of
Education, Lansing.
Ballinger, C. (1995, November). Prisoners no more. Educational Leadership, 28-31.
Cooper, H., Charlton, K., Valentine, J.C., Muhlenbruck, L. (1999). Making the most of
summer school: A meta-analytic and narrative review. Monographs of the Society
for Research in Child Development, 65, (1, Serial No. 260).
Evans, W. & Behctel, D., Extended School Day/Year Programs: A Research Synthesis.
Spotlight on Student Success, Office of Educational Research and Improvement,
Washington, D.C. (1997).
Glines, D. (1997, February). YRE: understanding the basics. Information Analysis.
Retrieved July 15, 2007, from ERIC database (EA028294).
Heyns, B. (1978). Summer learning and the effects of schooling. New York: Academic
Press. Johnson, S. P., & Spradlin, T. E. (2007). Alternatives to the traditional
school-year calendar. Education Policy Brief, 5(3), 1-11.
McMillen, B. (2001). A statewide evaluation of academic achievement in year-round
schools. The Journal of Educational Research, 95(2), 67-74.
Opheim, C., Mohajer, K. H., & Read, R. W. (2001). Evaluating year-round schools in
texas. Education, 116(1), 115-120.
15. Research Proposal 15
Rakoff, T. D. (1999, April). Schooltime. Paper presented at the meeting of the Annual
Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Montreal, Quebec,
Canada.
St. Gerard, V. (2007). Year-round schools look better all the time. In V. St. Gerard (Ed.),
Communicator (p.56-58). Alexandria, VA: National Association of Elementary
School Principals.
Weaver, T. (1992). Year-round-education. Eric Digest, 68, . Retrieved , from ERIC
database (ED342107).
Worthen, B. R., & Zsiray, S. W. (1994, March). What twenty years of educational studies
reveal about year-round-education. (0800000738). Raleigh: North Carolina State
Board of Education.